Protobufs

Co-authored-by: thebentern <9000580+thebentern@users.noreply.github.com>

.envrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use nix

.github/workflows/models_issue_triage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+name: Issue Triage (Models)
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  models: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  triage:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' && github.event.issue.user.type != 'Bot' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 1: Quality check (spam/AI-slop detection) - runs first, exits early if spam
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Detect spam or low-quality content
+        uses: actions/ai-inference@v2
+        id: quality
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          max-tokens: 20
+          prompt: |
+            Is this GitHub issue spam, AI-generated slop, or low quality?
+
+            Title: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}
+            Body: ${{ github.event.issue.body }}
+
+            Respond with exactly one of: spam, ai-generated, needs-review, ok
+          system-prompt: You detect spam and low-quality contributions. Be conservative - only flag obvious spam or AI slop.
+          model: openai/gpt-4o-mini
+
+      - name: Apply quality label if needed
+        if: steps.quality.outputs.response != '' && steps.quality.outputs.response != 'ok'
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        env:
+          QUALITY_LABEL: ${{ steps.quality.outputs.response }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const label = (process.env.QUALITY_LABEL || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+            const labelMeta = {
+              'spam': { color: 'd73a4a', description: 'Possible spam' },
+              'ai-generated': { color: 'fbca04', description: 'Possible AI-generated low-quality content' },
+              'needs-review': { color: 'f9d0c4', description: 'Needs human review' },
+            };
+            const meta = labelMeta[label];
+            if (!meta) return;
+
+            // Ensure label exists
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.getLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label });
+            } catch (e) {
+              if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
+              await github.rest.issues.createLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label, color: meta.color, description: meta.description });
+            }
+
+            // Apply label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, issue_number: context.payload.issue.number, labels: [label] });
+
+            // Set output to skip remaining steps
+            core.setOutput('is_spam', 'true');
+
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 2: Duplicate detection - only if not spam
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Detect duplicate issues
+        if: steps.quality.outputs.response == 'ok' || steps.quality.outputs.response == ''
+        uses: pelikhan/action-genai-issue-dedup@bdb3b5d9451c1090ffcdf123d7447a5e7c7a2528 # v0.0.19
+        with:
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 3: Completeness check + auto-labeling (combined into one AI call)
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Determine if completeness check should be skipped
+        if: steps.quality.outputs.response == 'ok' || steps.quality.outputs.response == ''
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        id: check-skip
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const title = (context.payload.issue.title || '').toLowerCase();
+            const labels = (context.payload.issue.labels || []).map(label => label.name);
+            const hasFeatureRequest = title.includes('feature request');
+            const hasEnhancement = labels.includes('enhancement');
+            const shouldSkip = hasFeatureRequest && hasEnhancement;
+            core.setOutput('should_skip', shouldSkip ? 'true' : 'false');
+
+      - name: Analyze issue completeness and determine labels
+        if: (steps.quality.outputs.response == 'ok' || steps.quality.outputs.response == '') && steps.check-skip.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
+        uses: actions/ai-inference@v2
+        id: analysis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          prompt: |
+            Analyze this GitHub issue for completeness and determine if it needs labels.
+
+            IMPORTANT: Distinguish between:
+            - Device/firmware bugs (crashes, reboots, lockups, radio/GPS/display/power issues) - these need device logs
+            - Build/release/packaging issues (missing files, CI failures, download problems) - these do NOT need device logs
+            - Documentation or website issues - these do NOT need device logs
+
+            If this is a device/firmware bug, request device logs and explain how to get them:
+
+            Web Flasher logs:
+            - Go to https://flasher.meshtastic.org
+            - Connect the device via USB and click Connect
+            - Open the device console/log output, reproduce the problem, then copy/download and attach/paste the logs
+
+            Meshtastic CLI logs:
+            - Run: meshtastic --port <serial-port> --noproto
+            - Reproduce the problem, then copy/paste the terminal output
+
+            Also request key context if missing: device model/variant, firmware version, region, steps to reproduce, expected vs actual.
+
+            Respond ONLY with valid JSON (no markdown, no code fences):
+            {"complete": true, "comment": "", "label": "none"}
+            OR
+            {"complete": false, "comment": "Your helpful comment", "label": "needs-logs"}
+
+            Use "needs-logs" ONLY if this is a device/firmware bug AND no logs are attached.
+            Use "needs-info" if basic info like firmware version or steps to reproduce are missing.
+            Use "none" if the issue is complete, is a feature request, or is a build/CI/packaging issue.
+
+            Title: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}
+            Body: ${{ github.event.issue.body }}
+          system-prompt: You are a helpful assistant that triages GitHub issues. Be conservative with labels. Only request device logs for actual device/firmware bugs, not for build/release/CI issues.
+          model: openai/gpt-4o-mini
+
+      - name: Process analysis result
+        if: (steps.quality.outputs.response == 'ok' || steps.quality.outputs.response == '') && steps.check-skip.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && steps.analysis.outputs.response != ''
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        id: process
+        env:
+          AI_RESPONSE: ${{ steps.analysis.outputs.response }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            let raw = (process.env.AI_RESPONSE || '').trim();
+
+            // Strip markdown code fences if present
+            raw = raw.replace(/^```(?:json)?\s*/i, '').replace(/\s*```$/i, '').trim();
+
+            let complete = true;
+            let comment = '';
+            let label = 'none';
+
+            try {
+              const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+              complete = !!parsed.complete;
+              comment = (parsed.comment ?? '').toString().trim();
+              label = (parsed.label ?? 'none').toString().trim().toLowerCase();
+            } catch {
+              // If JSON parse fails, log warning and don't comment (avoid posting raw JSON)
+              console.log('Failed to parse AI response as JSON:', raw);
+              complete = true;
+              comment = '';
+              label = 'none';
+            }
+
+            // Validate label
+            const allowedLabels = new Set(['needs-logs', 'needs-info', 'none']);
+            if (!allowedLabels.has(label)) label = 'none';
+
+            // Only comment if we have a valid parsed comment (not raw JSON)
+            const shouldComment = !complete && comment.length > 0 && !comment.startsWith('{');
+            core.setOutput('should_comment', shouldComment ? 'true' : 'false');
+            core.setOutput('comment_body', comment);
+            core.setOutput('label', label);
+
+      - name: Apply triage label
+        if: steps.process.outputs.label != '' && steps.process.outputs.label != 'none'
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        env:
+          LABEL_NAME: ${{ steps.process.outputs.label }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const label = process.env.LABEL_NAME;
+            const labelMeta = {
+              'needs-logs': { color: 'cfd3d7', description: 'Device logs requested for triage' },
+              'needs-info': { color: 'f9d0c4', description: 'More information requested for triage' },
+            };
+            const meta = labelMeta[label];
+            if (!meta) return;
+
+            // Ensure label exists
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.getLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label });
+            } catch (e) {
+              if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
+              await github.rest.issues.createLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label, color: meta.color, description: meta.description });
+            }
+
+            // Apply label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, issue_number: context.payload.issue.number, labels: [label] });
+
+      - name: Comment on issue
+        if: steps.process.outputs.should_comment == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        env:
+          COMMENT_BODY: ${{ steps.process.outputs.comment_body }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.payload.issue.number,
+              body: process.env.COMMENT_BODY
+            });

.github/workflows/models_pr_triage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+name: PR Triage (Models)
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+  models: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  triage:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' && github.event.pull_request.user.type != 'Bot' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 1: Check if PR already has automation/type labels (skip if so)
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Check existing labels
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        id: check-labels
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const skipLabels = new Set(['automation']);
+            const typeLabels = new Set(['bugfix', 'hardware-support', 'enhancement', 'dependencies', 'submodules', 'github_actions', 'trunk', 'cleanup']);
+            const prLabels = context.payload.pull_request.labels.map(l => l.name);
+
+            const shouldSkipAll = prLabels.some(l => skipLabels.has(l));
+            const hasTypeLabel = prLabels.some(l => typeLabels.has(l));
+
+            core.setOutput('skip_all', shouldSkipAll ? 'true' : 'false');
+            core.setOutput('has_type_label', hasTypeLabel ? 'true' : 'false');
+
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 2: Quality check (spam/AI-slop detection)
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Detect spam or low-quality content
+        if: steps.check-labels.outputs.skip_all != 'true'
+        uses: actions/ai-inference@v2
+        id: quality
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          max-tokens: 20
+          prompt: |
+            Is this GitHub pull request spam, AI-generated slop, or low quality?
+
+            Title: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
+            Body: ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
+
+            Respond with exactly one of: spam, ai-generated, needs-review, ok
+          system-prompt: You detect spam and low-quality contributions. Be conservative - only flag obvious spam or AI slop.
+          model: openai/gpt-4o-mini
+
+      - name: Apply quality label if needed
+        if: steps.check-labels.outputs.skip_all != 'true' && steps.quality.outputs.response != '' && steps.quality.outputs.response != 'ok'
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        id: quality-label
+        env:
+          QUALITY_LABEL: ${{ steps.quality.outputs.response }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const label = (process.env.QUALITY_LABEL || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+            const labelMeta = {
+              'spam': { color: 'd73a4a', description: 'Possible spam' },
+              'ai-generated': { color: 'fbca04', description: 'Possible AI-generated low-quality content' },
+              'needs-review': { color: 'f9d0c4', description: 'Needs human review' },
+            };
+            const meta = labelMeta[label];
+            if (!meta) return;
+
+            // Ensure label exists
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.getLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label });
+            } catch (e) {
+              if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
+              await github.rest.issues.createLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label, color: meta.color, description: meta.description });
+            }
+
+            // Apply label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number, labels: [label] });
+
+            core.setOutput('is_spam', 'true');
+
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      # Step 3: Auto-label PR type (bugfix/hardware-support/enhancement)
+      # Only skip for spam/ai-generated; still classify needs-review PRs
+      # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+      - name: Classify PR for labeling
+        if: steps.check-labels.outputs.skip_all != 'true' && steps.check-labels.outputs.has_type_label != 'true' && steps.quality.outputs.response != 'spam' && steps.quality.outputs.response != 'ai-generated'
+        uses: actions/ai-inference@v2
+        id: classify
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          max-tokens: 30
+          prompt: |
+            Classify this pull request into exactly one category.
+
+            Return exactly one of: bugfix, hardware-support, enhancement
+
+            Use bugfix if it fixes a bug, crash, or incorrect behavior.
+            Use hardware-support if it adds or improves support for a specific hardware device/variant.
+            Use enhancement if it adds a new feature, improves performance, or refactors code.
+
+            Title: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
+            Body: ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
+          system-prompt: You classify pull requests into categories. Be conservative and pick the most appropriate single label.
+          model: openai/gpt-4o-mini
+
+      - name: Apply type label
+        if: steps.check-labels.outputs.skip_all != 'true' && steps.check-labels.outputs.has_type_label != 'true' && steps.classify.outputs.response != ''
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        env:
+          TYPE_LABEL: ${{ steps.classify.outputs.response }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const label = (process.env.TYPE_LABEL || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+            const labelMeta = {
+              'bugfix': { color: 'd73a4a', description: 'Bug fix' },
+              'hardware-support': { color: '0e8a16', description: 'Hardware support addition or improvement' },
+              'enhancement': { color: 'a2eeef', description: 'New feature or enhancement' },
+            };
+            const meta = labelMeta[label];
+            if (!meta) return;
+
+            // Ensure label exists
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.getLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label });
+            } catch (e) {
+              if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
+              await github.rest.issues.createLabel({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, name: label, color: meta.color, description: meta.description });
+            }
+
+            // Apply label
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number, labels: [label] });

.gitignore

@@ -50,3 +50,6 @@ idf_component.yml
 CMakeLists.txt
 /sdkconfig.*
 .dummy/*
+
+# PYTHONPATH used by the Nix shell
+.python3

.trunk/trunk.yaml

@@ -8,25 +8,25 @@ plugins:
       uri: https://github.com/trunk-io/plugins
 lint:
   enabled:
-    - checkov@3.2.497
+    - checkov@3.2.500
-    - renovate@42.81.8
+    - renovate@43.4.0
-    - prettier@3.8.0
+    - prettier@3.8.1
-    - trufflehog@3.92.4
+    - trufflehog@3.93.0
     - yamllint@1.38.0
-    - bandit@1.9.2
+    - bandit@1.9.3
-    - trivy@0.68.2
+    - trivy@0.69.1
     - taplo@0.10.0
-    - ruff@0.14.11
+    - ruff@0.15.0
     - isort@7.0.0
     - markdownlint@0.47.0
-    - oxipng@10.0.0
+    - oxipng@10.1.0
     - svgo@4.0.0
     - actionlint@1.7.10
     - flake8@7.3.0
     - hadolint@2.14.0
     - shfmt@3.6.0
     - shellcheck@0.11.0
-    - black@25.12.0
+    - black@26.1.0
     - git-diff-check
     - gitleaks@8.30.0
     - clang-format@16.0.3

bin/config.d/lora-usb-umesh-1262-30dbm.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  CS: 0
+  IRQ: 6
+  Reset: 1
+  Busy: 4
+  RXen: 2
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  spidev: ch341
+  USB_PID: 0x5512
+  USB_VID: 0x1A86
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+#  USB_Serialnum: 12345678
+  SX126X_MAX_POWER: 22
+# Reduce output power to improve EMI
+  NUM_PA_POINTS: 22
+  TX_GAIN_LORA: 12, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7
+# Note: This module integrates an additional PA to achieve higher output power.
+# The 'power' parameter here does not represent the actual RF output.
+# TX_GAIN_LORA defines the gain offset applied at each SX1262 input power step (1–22 dBm).
+# Each array element corresponds to the additional gain when that input level is set,
+# The effective RF output is: Pout ≈ Pset + TX_GAIN_LORA[index].
+# Please refer to https://github.com/linser233/uMesh/blob/main/RF_Power.md for detailed information.

bin/config.d/lora-usb-umesh-1262.yaml

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Lora:
-  Module: sx1262
-  CS: 0
-  IRQ: 6
-  Reset: 1
-  Busy: 4
-  RXen: 2
-  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
-  spidev: ch341
-  USB_PID: 0x5512
-  USB_VID: 0x1A86
-  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
-#  USB_Serialnum: 12345678
-  SX126X_MAX_POWER: 30
-# Reduce output power to improve EMI

bin/config.d/lora-usb-umesh-1268-30dbm.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1268
+  CS: 0
+  IRQ: 6
+  Reset: 1
+  Busy: 4
+  RXen: 2
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  spidev: ch341
+  USB_PID: 0x5512
+  USB_VID: 0x1A86
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+#  USB_Serialnum: 12345678
+  SX126X_MAX_POWER: 22
+# Reduce output power to improve EMI
+  NUM_PA_POINTS: 22
+  TX_GAIN_LORA: 12, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7
+# Note: This module integrates an additional PA to achieve higher output power.
+# The 'power' parameter here does not represent the actual RF output.
+# TX_GAIN_LORA defines the gain offset applied at each SX1262 input power step (1–22 dBm).
+# Each array element corresponds to the additional gain when that input level is set,
+# The effective RF output is: Pout ≈ Pset + TX_GAIN_LORA[index].
+# Please refer to https://github.com/linser233/uMesh/blob/main/RF_Power.md for detailed information.

bin/config.d/lora-usb-umesh-1268.yaml

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Lora:
-  Module: sx1268
-  CS: 0
-  IRQ: 6
-  Reset: 1
-  Busy: 4
-  RXen: 2
-  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
-  spidev: ch341
-  USB_PID: 0x5512
-  USB_VID: 0x1A86
-  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
-#  USB_Serialnum: 12345678
-  SX126X_MAX_POWER: 30
-# Reduce output power to improve EMI

bin/device-install.bat

@@ -156,16 +156,8 @@ IF %BPS_RESET% EQU 1 (
 SET "PROGNAME=!FILENAME:.factory.bin=!"
 CALL :LOG_MESSAGE DEBUG "Computed PROGNAME: !PROGNAME!"
 
-IF "__!MCU!__" == "__esp32s3__" (
+@REM Determine OTA filename based on MCU type (unified OTA format)
-    @REM We are working with ESP32-S3
+SET "OTA_FILENAME=mt-!MCU!-ota.bin"
-    SET "OTA_FILENAME=bleota-s3.bin"
-) ELSE IF "__!MCU!__" == "__esp32c3__" (
-    @REM We are working with ESP32-C3
-    SET "OTA_FILENAME=bleota-c3.bin"
-) ELSE (
-    @REM Everything else
-    SET "OTA_FILENAME=bleota.bin"
-)
 CALL :LOG_MESSAGE DEBUG "Set OTA_FILENAME to: !OTA_FILENAME!"
 
 @REM Set SPIFFS filename with "littlefs-" prefix.

bin/device-install.sh

@@ -32,6 +32,19 @@ if ! command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# esptool v5 supports commands with dashes and deprecates commands with
+# underscores. Prior versions only support commands with underscores
+if ${ESPTOOL_CMD} | grep --quiet write-flash
+then
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write-flash
+    ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH=erase-flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read-flash-status
+else
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write_flash
+    ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH=erase_flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read_flash_status
+fi
+
 set -e
 
 # Usage info
@@ -83,8 +96,8 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
 done
 
 if [[ $BPS_RESET == true ]]; then
-	$ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset read_flash_status
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset ${ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS}
-	exit 0
+    exit 0
 fi
 
 [ -z "$FILENAME" ] && [ -n "$1" ] && {
@@ -118,14 +131,8 @@ if [[ -f "$FILENAME" && "$FILENAME" == *.factory.bin ]]; then
         exit 1
     fi
 
-    # Determine OTA filename based on MCU type
+    # Determine OTA filename based on MCU type (unified OTA format)
-    if [ "$MCU" == "esp32s3" ]; then
+    OTAFILE="mt-${MCU}-ota.bin"
-        OTAFILE=bleota-s3.bin
-    elif [ "$MCU" == "esp32c3" ]; then
-        OTAFILE=bleota-c3.bin
-    else
-        OTAFILE=bleota.bin
-    fi
 
     # Set SPIFFS filename with "littlefs-" prefix.
     SPIFFSFILE="littlefs-${PROGNAME/firmware-/}.bin"
@@ -144,12 +151,12 @@ if [[ -f "$FILENAME" && "$FILENAME" == *.factory.bin ]]; then
     fi
 
     echo "Trying to flash ${FILENAME}, but first erasing and writing system information"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD erase-flash
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH}
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write-flash $FIRMWARE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $FIRMWARE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
     echo "Trying to flash ${OTAFILE} at offset ${OTA_OFFSET}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write_flash $OTA_OFFSET "${OTAFILE}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $OTA_OFFSET "${OTAFILE}"
     echo "Trying to flash ${SPIFFSFILE}, at offset ${OFFSET}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write_flash $OFFSET "${SPIFFSFILE}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $OFFSET "${SPIFFSFILE}"
 
 else
     show_help

bin/device-update.sh

@@ -20,6 +20,17 @@ else
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# esptool v5 supports commands with dashes and deprecates commands with
+# underscores. Prior versions only support commands with underscores
+if ${ESPTOOL_CMD} | grep --quiet write-flash
+then
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write-flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read-flash-status
+else
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write_flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read_flash_status
+fi
+
 # Usage info
 show_help() {
 cat << EOF
@@ -69,7 +80,7 @@ done
 shift "$((OPTIND-1))"
 
 if [ "$CHANGE_MODE" = true ]; then
-	$ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset read_flash_status
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset ${ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS}
     exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -80,7 +91,7 @@ fi
 
 if [[ -f "$FILENAME" && "$FILENAME" != *.factory.bin ]]; then
     echo "Trying to flash update ${FILENAME}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $FLASH_BAUD write-flash $UPDATE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $FLASH_BAUD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $UPDATE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
 else
     show_help
     echo "Invalid file: ${FILENAME}"

bin/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.metainfo.xml

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
   </screenshots>
 
   <releases>
+    <release version="2.7.19" date="2026-01-22">
+      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.19</url>
+    </release>
     <release version="2.7.18" date="2026-01-02">
       <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.18</url>
     </release>

boards/minimesh_lite.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "nrf52840_s140_v6.ld"
+    },
+    "core": "nRF5",
+    "cpu": "cortex-m4",
+    "extra_flags": "-DMINIMESH_LITE -DNRF52840_XXAA",
+    "f_cpu": "64000000L",
+    "hwids": [
+      ["0x239A", "0x8029"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x0029"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x002A"]
+    ],
+    "usb_product": "Minimesh Lite",
+    "mcu": "nrf52840",
+    "variant": "dls_Minimesh_Lite",
+    "bsp": {
+      "name": "adafruit"
+    },
+    "softdevice": {
+      "sd_flags": "-DS140",
+      "sd_name": "s140",
+      "sd_version": "6.1.1",
+      "sd_fwid": "0x00B6"
+    },
+    "bootloader": {
+      "settings_addr": "0xFF000"
+    }
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["bluetooth"],
+  "debug": {
+    "jlink_device": "nRF52840_xxAA",
+    "svd_path": "nrf52840.svd"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino"],
+  "name": "Minimesh Lite",
+  "upload": {
+    "maximum_ram_size": 248832,
+    "maximum_size": 815104,
+    "speed": 115200,
+    "protocol": "nrfutil",
+    "protocols": ["nrfutil", "jlink", "nrfjprog", "stlink"],
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true
+  },
+  "url": "https://deeplabstudio.com",
+  "vendor": "Deeplab Studio"
+}

debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+meshtasticd (2.7.19.0) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * Version 2.7.19
+
+ -- GitHub Actions <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>  Thu, 22 Jan 2026 22:17:40 +0000
+
 meshtasticd (2.7.18.0) unstable; urgency=medium
 
   * Version 2.7.18

flake.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "flake-compat": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1767039857,
+        "narHash": "sha256-vNpUSpF5Nuw8xvDLj2KCwwksIbjua2LZCqhV1LNRDns=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "flake-compat",
+        "rev": "5edf11c44bc78a0d334f6334cdaf7d60d732daab",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "flake-compat",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1766314097,
+        "narHash": "sha256-laJftWbghBehazn/zxVJ8NdENVgjccsWAdAqKXhErrM=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "306ea70f9eb0fb4e040f8540e2deab32ed7e2055",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-compat": "flake-compat",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}

flake.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  description = "Nix flake to compile Meshtastic firmware";
+
+  inputs = {
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
+
+    # Shim to make flake.nix work with stable Nix.
+    flake-compat = {
+      url = "github:NixOS/flake-compat";
+      flake = false;
+    };
+  };
+
+  outputs =
+    inputs:
+    let
+      lib = inputs.nixpkgs.lib;
+
+      forAllSystems =
+        fn:
+        lib.genAttrs lib.systems.flakeExposed (
+          system:
+          fn {
+            pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs {
+              inherit system;
+            };
+            inherit system;
+          }
+        );
+    in
+    {
+      devShells = forAllSystems (
+        { pkgs, ... }:
+        let
+          python3 = pkgs.python312.withPackages (
+            ps: with ps; [
+              google
+            ]
+          );
+        in
+        {
+          default = pkgs.mkShell {
+            buildInputs = with pkgs; [
+              python3
+              platformio
+            ];
+
+            shellHook = ''
+              # Set up PlatformIO to use a local core directory.
+              export PLATFORMIO_CORE_DIR=$PWD/.platformio
+              # Tell pip to put packages into $PIP_PREFIX instead of the usual
+              # location. This is especially necessary under NixOS to avoid having
+              # pip trying to write to the read-only Nix store. For more info,
+              # see https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Python
+              export PIP_PREFIX=$PWD/.python3
+              export PYTHONPATH="$PIP_PREFIX/${python3.sitePackages}"
+              export PATH="$PIP_PREFIX/bin:$PATH"
+              # Avoids reproducibility issues with some Python packages
+              # See https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#python-setup.py-bdist_wheel-cannot-create-.whl
+              unset SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
+            '';
+          };
+        }
+      );
+    };
+}

meshtasticd.spec.rpkg

@@ -59,8 +59,14 @@ BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libbsd-overlay)
 
 Requires:      systemd-udev
 
+# Declare that this package provides the user/group it creates in %pre
+# Required for Fedora 43+ which tracks users/groups as RPM dependencies
+Provides:      user(%{meshtasticd_user})
+Provides:      group(%{meshtasticd_user})
+Provides:      group(spi)
+
 %description
-Meshtastic daemon for controlling Meshtastic devices. Meshtastic is an off-grid
+Meshtastic daemon. Meshtastic is an off-grid
 text communication platform that uses inexpensive LoRa radios.
 
 %prep
@@ -151,6 +157,7 @@ fi
 %license LICENSE
 %doc README.md
 %{_bindir}/meshtasticd
+%{_bindir}/meshtasticd-start.sh
 %dir %{_localstatedir}/lib/meshtasticd
 %{_udevrulesdir}/99-meshtasticd-udev.rules
 %dir %{_sysconfdir}/meshtasticd

monitor/filter_c3_exception_decoder.py

@@ -43,13 +43,11 @@ class Esp32C3ExceptionDecoder(DeviceMonitorFilterBase):
         self.enabled = self.setup_paths()
 
         if self.config.get("env:" + self.environment, "build_type") != "debug":
-            print(
+            print("""
-                """
 Please build project in debug configuration to get more details about an exception.
 See https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf/build_configurations.html
 
-"""
+""")
-            )
 
         return self
 

platformio.ini

@@ -50,12 +50,14 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_APRS=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LORAWAN=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_DROPZONE=1
+	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REPLYBOT=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REMOTEHARDWARE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_HEALTH_TELEMETRY=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERSTRESS=1 ; exclude power stress test module from main firmware
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GENERIC_THREAD_MODULE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERMON=1
 	-D MAX_THREADS=40 ; As we've split modules, we have more threads to manage
+	-DLED_BUILTIN=-1
 	#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME ; set in platformio-custom.py now
 	#-D OLED_PL=1
 	#-D DEBUG_HEAP=1 ; uncomment to add free heap space / memory leak debugging logs
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_filters = direct
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-esp8266-oled-ssd1306 packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306 gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/b34c6817c25d6faabb3a8a162b5d14fb75395433.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/21e484f409cde18d44012caef84c244eb5ca28f3.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-OneButton packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton gitBranch=master
 	https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton/archive/fa352d668c53f290cfa480a5f79ad422cd828c70.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-arduino-fsm packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/arduino-fsm gitBranch=master
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ lib_deps =
 [device-ui_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic/device-ui packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/5a870c623a4e9ab7a7abe3d02950536f107d1a31.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/6c75195e9987b7a49563232234f2f868dd343cae.zip
 
 ; Common libs for environmental measurements in telemetry module
 [environmental_base]
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit INA219 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit INA219
 	adafruit/Adafruit INA219@1.2.3
 	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit MPU6050 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit MPU6050
-	adafruit/Adafruit MPU6050@2.2.6
+	adafruit/Adafruit MPU6050@2.2.8
 	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit LIS3DH packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit LIS3DH
 	adafruit/Adafruit LIS3DH@1.3.0
 	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit AHTX0 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit AHTX0
@@ -212,3 +214,35 @@ lib_deps =
 	sensirion/Sensirion Core@0.7.2
 	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Sensirion I2C SCD4x packageName=sensirion/library/Sensirion I2C SCD4x
 	sensirion/Sensirion I2C SCD4x@1.1.0
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Sensirion I2C STC3x packageName=sensirion/library/Sensirion I2C STC3x
+	sensirion/Sensirion I2C STC3x@1.0.1
+
+; Same as environmental_extra but without BSEC (saves ~3.5KB DRAM for original ESP32 targets)
+[environmental_extra_no_bsec]
+lib_deps =
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit BMP3XX packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit BMP3XX Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit BMP3XX Library@2.1.6
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit MAX1704X packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit MAX1704X
+	adafruit/Adafruit MAX1704X@1.0.3
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit SHTC3 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit SHTC3 Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit SHTC3 Library@1.0.2
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit LPS2X packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit LPS2X
+	adafruit/Adafruit LPS2X@2.0.6
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit SHT31 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit SHT31 Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit SHT31 Library@2.2.2
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit VEML7700 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit VEML7700 Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit VEML7700 Library@2.1.6
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit SHT4x packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit SHT4x Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit SHT4x Library@1.0.5
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=SparkFun Qwiic Scale NAU7802 packageName=sparkfun/library/SparkFun Qwiic Scale NAU7802 Arduino Library
+	sparkfun/SparkFun Qwiic Scale NAU7802 Arduino Library@1.0.6
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=ClosedCube OPT3001 packageName=closedcube/library/ClosedCube OPT3001
+	closedcube/ClosedCube OPT3001@1.1.2
+	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-DFRobot_LarkWeatherStation packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/DFRobot_LarkWeatherStation gitBranch=master
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/DFRobot_LarkWeatherStation/archive/4de3a9cadef0f6a5220a8a906cf9775b02b0040d.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Sensirion Core packageName=sensirion/library/Sensirion Core
+	sensirion/Sensirion Core@0.7.2
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Sensirion I2C SCD4x packageName=sensirion/library/Sensirion I2C SCD4x
+	sensirion/Sensirion I2C SCD4x@1.1.0
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Sensirion I2C STC3x packageName=sensirion/library/Sensirion I2C STC3x
+	sensirion/Sensirion I2C STC3x@1.0.1

shell.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+(import (
+  let
+    lock = builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ./flake.lock);
+    nodeName = lock.nodes.root.inputs.flake-compat;
+  in
+  fetchTarball {
+    url =
+      lock.nodes.${nodeName}.locked.url
+        or "https://github.com/NixOS/flake-compat/archive/${lock.nodes.${nodeName}.locked.rev}.tar.gz";
+    sha256 = lock.nodes.${nodeName}.locked.narHash;
+  }
+) { src = ./.; }).shellNix

src/BluetoothStatus.h

@@ -89,22 +89,14 @@ class BluetoothStatus : public Status
             case ConnectionState::CONNECTED:
                 LOG_DEBUG("BluetoothStatus CONNECTED");
 #ifdef BLE_LED
-#ifdef BLE_LED_INVERTED
+                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LED_STATE_ON);
-                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LOW);
-#else
-                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, HIGH);
-#endif
 #endif
                 break;
 
             case ConnectionState::DISCONNECTED:
                 LOG_DEBUG("BluetoothStatus DISCONNECTED");
 #ifdef BLE_LED
-#ifdef BLE_LED_INVERTED
+                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LED_STATE_OFF);
-                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, HIGH);
-#else
-                digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LOW);
-#endif
 #endif
                 break;
             }

src/Led.cpp

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#include "Led.h"
-#include "PowerMon.h"
-#include "main.h"
-#include "power.h"
-
-GpioVirtPin ledForceOn, ledBlink;
-
-#if defined(LED_PIN)
-// Most boards have a GPIO for LED control
-static GpioHwPin ledRawHwPin(LED_PIN);
-#else
-static GpioVirtPin ledRawHwPin; // Dummy pin for no hardware
-#endif
-
-#if LED_STATE_ON == 0
-static GpioVirtPin ledHwPin;
-static GpioNotTransformer ledInverter(&ledHwPin, &ledRawHwPin);
-#else
-static GpioPin &ledHwPin = ledRawHwPin;
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAS_PMU)
-/**
- * A GPIO controlled by the PMU
- */
-class GpioPmuPin : public GpioPin
-{
-  public:
-    void set(bool value)
-    {
-        if (pmu_found && PMU) {
-            // blink the axp led
-            PMU->setChargingLedMode(value ? XPOWERS_CHG_LED_ON : XPOWERS_CHG_LED_OFF);
-        }
-    }
-} ledPmuHwPin;
-
-// In some cases we need to drive a PMU LED and a normal LED
-static GpioSplitter ledFinalPin(&ledHwPin, &ledPmuHwPin);
-#else
-static GpioPin &ledFinalPin = ledHwPin;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_POWERMON
-/**
- * We monitor changes to the LED drive output because we use that as a sanity test in our power monitor stuff.
- */
-class MonitoredLedPin : public GpioPin
-{
-  public:
-    void set(bool value)
-    {
-        if (powerMon) {
-            if (value)
-                powerMon->setState(meshtastic_PowerMon_State_LED_On);
-            else
-                powerMon->clearState(meshtastic_PowerMon_State_LED_On);
-        }
-        ledFinalPin.set(value);
-    }
-} monitoredLedPin;
-#else
-static GpioPin &monitoredLedPin = ledFinalPin;
-#endif
-
-static GpioBinaryTransformer ledForcer(&ledForceOn, &ledBlink, &monitoredLedPin, GpioBinaryTransformer::Or);

src/Led.h

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "GpioLogic.h"
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-/**
- * ledForceOn and ledForceOff both override the normal ledBlinker behavior (which is controlled by main)
- */
-extern GpioVirtPin ledForceOn, ledBlink;

src/Power.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * @file Power.cpp
- * @brief This file contains the implementation of the Power class, which is responsible for managing power-related functionality
+ * @brief This file contains the implementation of the Power class, which is
- * of the device. It includes battery level sensing, power management unit (PMU) control, and power state machine management. The
+ * responsible for managing power-related functionality of the device. It
- * Power class is used by the main device class to manage power-related functionality.
+ * includes battery level sensing, power management unit (PMU) control, and
+ * power state machine management. The Power class is used by the main device
+ * class to manage power-related functionality.
  *
- * The file also includes implementations of various battery level sensors, such as the AnalogBatteryLevel class, which assumes
+ * The file also includes implementations of various battery level sensors, such
- * the battery voltage is attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input.
+ * as the AnalogBatteryLevel class, which assumes the battery voltage is
+ * attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input.
  *
  * This file is part of the Meshtastic project.
  * For more information, see: https://meshtastic.org/
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
+#include "power/PowerHAL.h"
 #include "sleep.h"
 
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
@@ -171,22 +175,12 @@ Power *power;
 
 using namespace meshtastic;
 
-#ifndef AREF_VOLTAGE
+// NRF52 has AREF_VOLTAGE defined in architecture.h but
-#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+// make sure it's included. If something is wrong with NRF52
-/*
+// definition - compilation will fail on missing definition
- * Internal Reference is +/-0.6V, with an adjustable gain of 1/6, 1/5, 1/4,
+#if !defined(AREF_VOLTAGE) && !defined(ARCH_NRF52)
- * 1/3, 1/2 or 1, meaning 3.6, 3.0, 2.4, 1.8, 1.2 or 0.6V for the ADC levels.
- *
- * External Reference is VDD/4, with an adjustable gain of 1, 2 or 4, meaning
- * VDD/4, VDD/2 or VDD for the ADC levels.
- *
- * Default settings are internal reference with 1/6 gain (GND..3.6V ADC range)
- */
-#define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.6
-#else
 #define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.3
 #endif
-#endif
 
 /**
  * If this board has a battery level sensor, set this to a valid implementation
@@ -233,7 +227,8 @@ static void battery_adcDisable()
 #endif
 
 /**
- * A simple battery level sensor that assumes the battery voltage is attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input
+ * A simple battery level sensor that assumes the battery voltage is attached
+ * via a voltage-divider to an analog input
  */
 class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 {
@@ -311,7 +306,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 
 #ifndef BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES                                                                                                    \
-    15 // Set the number of samples, it has an effect of increasing sensitivity in complex electromagnetic environment.
+    15 // Set the number of samples, it has an effect of increasing sensitivity in
+       // complex electromagnetic environment.
 #endif
 
 #ifdef BATTERY_PIN
@@ -341,7 +337,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
             battery_adcDisable();
 
             if (!initial_read_done) {
-                // Flush the smoothing filter with an ADC reading, if the reading is plausibly correct
+                // Flush the smoothing filter with an ADC reading, if the reading is
+                // plausibly correct
                 if (scaled > last_read_value)
                     last_read_value = scaled;
                 initial_read_done = true;
@@ -350,8 +347,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
                 last_read_value += (scaled - last_read_value) * 0.5; // Virtual LPF
             }
 
-            // LOG_DEBUG("battery gpio %d raw val=%u scaled=%u filtered=%u", BATTERY_PIN, raw, (uint32_t)(scaled), (uint32_t)
+            // LOG_DEBUG("battery gpio %d raw val=%u scaled=%u filtered=%u",
-            // (last_read_value));
+            // BATTERY_PIN, raw, (uint32_t)(scaled), (uint32_t) (last_read_value));
         }
         return last_read_value;
 #endif // BATTERY_PIN
@@ -420,7 +417,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     /**
      * return true if there is a battery installed in this unit
      */
-    // if we have a integrated device with a battery, we can assume that the battery is always connected
+    // if we have a integrated device with a battery, we can assume that the
+    // battery is always connected
 #ifdef BATTERY_IMMUTABLE
     virtual bool isBatteryConnect() override { return true; }
 #elif defined(ADC_V)
@@ -441,10 +439,10 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     virtual bool isBatteryConnect() override { return getBatteryPercent() != -1; }
 #endif
 
-    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is pumping
+    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is
-    /// in power
+    /// pumping in power On some boards we don't have the power management chip
-    /// On some boards we don't have the power management chip (like AXPxxxx)
+    /// (like AXPxxxx) so we use EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO pin to detect external power
-    /// so we use EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO pin to detect external power source
+    /// source
     virtual bool isVbusIn() override
     {
 #ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
@@ -461,8 +459,14 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
         }
         // if it's not HIGH - check the battery
 #endif
-#elif defined(MUZI_BASE)
+        // If we have an EXT_PWR_DETECT pin and it indicates no external power, believe it.
-        return NRF_POWER->USBREGSTATUS & POWER_USBREGSTATUS_VBUSDETECT_Msk;
+        return false;
+
+// technically speaking this should work for all(?) NRF52 boards
+// but needs testing across multiple devices. NRF52 USB would not even work if
+// VBUS was not properly connected and detected by the CPU
+#elif defined(MUZI_BASE) || defined(PROMICRO_DIY_TCXO)
+        return powerHAL_isVBUSConnected();
 #endif
         return getBattVoltage() > chargingVolt;
     }
@@ -485,8 +489,9 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 #else
 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && !defined(DISABLE_INA_CHARGING_DETECTION)
         if (hasINA()) {
-            // get current flow from INA sensor - negative value means power flowing into the battery
+            // get current flow from INA sensor - negative value means power flowing
-            // default assuming  BATTERY+  <--> INA_VIN+ <--> SHUNT RESISTOR <--> INA_VIN- <--> LOAD
+            // into the battery default assuming  BATTERY+  <--> INA_VIN+ <--> SHUNT
+            // RESISTOR <--> INA_VIN- <--> LOAD
             LOG_DEBUG("Using INA on I2C addr 0x%x for charging detection", config.power.device_battery_ina_address);
 #if defined(INA_CHARGING_DETECTION_INVERT)
             return getINACurrent() > 0;
@@ -502,8 +507,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     }
 
   private:
-    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is pumping
+    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is
-    /// in power
+    /// pumping in power
 
     /// For heltecs with no battery connected, the measured voltage is 2204, so
     // need to be higher than that, in this case is 2500mV (3000-500)
@@ -512,7 +517,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     const float noBatVolt = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] - 500) * NUM_CELLS;
     // Start value from minimum voltage for the filter to not start from 0
     // that could trigger some events.
-    // This value is over-written by the first ADC reading, it the voltage seems reasonable.
+    // This value is over-written by the first ADC reading, it the voltage seems
+    // reasonable.
     bool initial_read_done = false;
     float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
     uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
@@ -654,7 +660,8 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #ifdef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
     // ESP32S3
     else if (val_type == ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP_FIT) {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values and fitting curve coefficients stored in eFuse");
+        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values and fitting curve "
+                 "coefficients stored in eFuse");
     }
 #endif
     else {
@@ -662,13 +669,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
     }
 #endif // ARCH_ESP32
 
-#ifdef ARCH_NRF52
+    // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform
-#ifdef VBAT_AR_INTERNAL
-    analogReference(VBAT_AR_INTERNAL);
-#else
-    analogReference(AR_INTERNAL); // 3.6V
-#endif
-#endif // ARCH_NRF52
 
 #ifndef ARCH_ESP32
     analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
@@ -691,7 +692,9 @@ bool Power::setup()
     bool found = false;
     if (axpChipInit()) {
         found = true;
-    } else if (lipoInit()) {
+    } else if (cw2015Init()) {
+        found = true;
+    } else if (max17048Init()) {
         found = true;
     } else if (lipoChargerInit()) {
         found = true;
@@ -723,6 +726,16 @@ bool Power::setup()
             runASAP = true;
         },
         CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
 #endif
     enabled = found;
     low_voltage_counter = 0;
@@ -769,7 +782,8 @@ void Power::reboot()
     HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
 #else
     rebootAtMsec = -1;
-    LOG_WARN("FIXME implement reboot for this platform. Note that some settings require a restart to be applied");
+    LOG_WARN("FIXME implement reboot for this platform. Note that some settings "
+             "require a restart to be applied");
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -779,9 +793,12 @@ void Power::shutdown()
 #if HAS_SCREEN
     if (screen) {
 #ifdef T_DECK_PRO
-        screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is powered off.\nConnect USB to start!", 0); // T-Deck Pro has no power button
+        screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is powered off.\nConnect USB to start!",
+                                 0); // T-Deck Pro has no power button
 #elif defined(USE_EINK)
-        screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...", 2250); // dismiss after 3 seconds to avoid the banner on the sleep screen
+        screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...",
+                                 2250); // dismiss after 3 seconds to avoid the
+                                        // banner on the sleep screen
 #else
         screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...", 0); // stays on screen
 #endif
@@ -803,6 +820,9 @@ void Power::shutdown()
 #endif
 #ifdef PIN_LED3
     ledOff(PIN_LED3);
+#endif
+#ifdef LED_NOTIFICATION
+    ledOff(LED_NOTIFICATION);
 #endif
     doDeepSleep(DELAY_FOREVER, true, true);
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
@@ -820,7 +840,8 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
     int32_t batteryVoltageMv = -1; // Assume unknown
     int8_t batteryChargePercent = -1;
     OptionalBool usbPowered = OptUnknown;
-    OptionalBool hasBattery = OptUnknown; // These must be static because NRF_APM code doesn't run every time
+    OptionalBool hasBattery = OptUnknown; // These must be static because NRF_APM
+                                          // code doesn't run every time
     OptionalBool isChargingNow = OptUnknown;
 
     if (batteryLevel) {
@@ -833,9 +854,10 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
             if (batteryLevel->getBatteryPercent() >= 0) {
                 batteryChargePercent = batteryLevel->getBatteryPercent();
             } else {
-                // If the AXP192 returns a percentage less than 0, the feature is either not supported or there is an error
+                // If the AXP192 returns a percentage less than 0, the feature is either
-                // In that case, we compute an estimate of the charge percent based on open circuit voltage table defined
+                // not supported or there is an error In that case, we compute an
-                // in power.h
+                // estimate of the charge percent based on open circuit voltage table
+                // defined in power.h
                 batteryChargePercent = clamp((int)(((batteryVoltageMv - (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS)) * 1e2) /
                                                    ((OCV[0] * NUM_CELLS) - (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS))),
                                              0, 100);
@@ -843,12 +865,12 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
         }
     }
 
-// FIXME: IMO we shouldn't be littering our code with all these ifdefs.  Way better instead to make a Nrf52IsUsbPowered subclass
+// FIXME: IMO we shouldn't be littering our code with all these ifdefs.  Way
-// (which shares a superclass with the BatteryLevel stuff)
+// better instead to make a Nrf52IsUsbPowered subclass (which shares a
-// that just provides a few methods.  But in the interest of fixing this bug I'm going to follow current
+// superclass with the BatteryLevel stuff) that just provides a few methods. But
-// practice.
+// in the interest of fixing this bug I'm going to follow current practice.
-#ifdef NRF_APM // Section of code detects USB power on the RAK4631 and updates the power states.  Takes 20 seconds or so to detect
+#ifdef NRF_APM // Section of code detects USB power on the RAK4631 and updates
-               // changes.
+               // the power states.  Takes 20 seconds or so to detect changes.
 
     nrfx_power_usb_state_t nrf_usb_state = nrfx_power_usbstatus_get();
     // LOG_DEBUG("NRF Power %d", nrf_usb_state);
@@ -922,8 +944,9 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
 
 #endif
 
-    // If we have a battery at all and it is less than 0%, force deep sleep if we have more than 10 low readings in
+    // If we have a battery at all and it is less than 0%, force deep sleep if we
-    // a row. NOTE: min LiIon/LiPo voltage is 2.0 to 2.5V, current OCV min is set to 3100 that is large enough.
+    // have more than 10 low readings in a row. NOTE: min LiIon/LiPo voltage
+    // is 2.0 to 2.5V, current OCV min is set to 3100 that is large enough.
     //
 
     if (batteryLevel && powerStatus2.getHasBattery() && !powerStatus2.getHasUSB()) {
@@ -945,8 +968,8 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
     readPowerStatus();
 
 #ifdef HAS_PMU
-    // WE no longer use the IRQ line to wake the CPU (due to false wakes from sleep), but we do poll
+    // WE no longer use the IRQ line to wake the CPU (due to false wakes from
-    // the IRQ status by reading the registers over I2C
+    // sleep), but we do poll the IRQ status by reading the registers over I2C
     if (PMU) {
 
         PMU->getIrqStatus();
@@ -988,7 +1011,8 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
         PMU->clearIrqStatus();
     }
 #endif
-    // Only read once every 20 seconds once the power status for the app has been initialized
+    // Only read once every 20 seconds once the power status for the app has been
+    // initialized
     return (statusHandler && statusHandler->isInitialized()) ? (1000 * 20) : RUN_SAME;
 }
 
@@ -996,10 +1020,12 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
  * Init the power manager chip
  *
  * axp192 power
-    DCDC1 0.7-3.5V @ 1200mA max -> OLED // If you turn this off you'll lose comms to the axp192 because the OLED and the
+    DCDC1 0.7-3.5V @ 1200mA max -> OLED // If you turn this off you'll lose
- axp192 share the same i2c bus, instead use ssd1306 sleep mode DCDC2 -> unused DCDC3 0.7-3.5V @ 700mA max -> ESP32 (keep this
+ comms to the axp192 because the OLED and the axp192 share the same i2c bus,
- on!) LDO1 30mA -> charges GPS backup battery // charges the tiny J13 battery by the GPS to power the GPS ram (for a couple of
+ instead use ssd1306 sleep mode DCDC2 -> unused DCDC3 0.7-3.5V @ 700mA max ->
- days), can not be turned off LDO2 200mA -> LORA LDO3 200mA -> GPS
+ ESP32 (keep this on!) LDO1 30mA -> charges GPS backup battery // charges the
+ tiny J13 battery by the GPS to power the GPS ram (for a couple of days), can
+ not be turned off LDO2 200mA -> LORA LDO3 200mA -> GPS
  *
  */
 bool Power::axpChipInit()
@@ -1044,9 +1070,10 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
 
     if (!PMU) {
         /*
-         * In XPowersLib, if the XPowersAXPxxx object is released, Wire.end() will be called at the same time.
+         * In XPowersLib, if the XPowersAXPxxx object is released, Wire.end() will
-         * In order not to affect other devices, if the initialization of the PMU fails, Wire needs to be re-initialized once,
+         * be called at the same time. In order not to affect other devices, if the
-         * if there are multiple devices sharing the bus.
+         * initialization of the PMU fails, Wire needs to be re-initialized once, if
+         * there are multiple devices sharing the bus.
          * * */
 #ifndef PMU_USE_WIRE1
         w->begin(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
@@ -1063,8 +1090,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_LDO2);
 
         // oled module power channel,
-        // disable it will cause abnormal communication between boot and AXP power supply,
+        // disable it will cause abnormal communication between boot and AXP power
-        // do not turn it off
+        // supply, do not turn it off
         PMU->setPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_DCDC1, 3300);
         // enable oled power
         PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_DCDC1);
@@ -1091,7 +1118,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         PMU->setChargeTargetVoltage(XPOWERS_AXP192_CHG_VOL_4V2);
     } else if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP2101) {
 
-        /*The alternative version of T-Beam 1.1 differs from T-Beam V1.1 in that it uses an AXP2101 power chip*/
+        /*The alternative version of T-Beam 1.1 differs from T-Beam V1.1 in that it
+         * uses an AXP2101 power chip*/
         if (HW_VENDOR == meshtastic_HardwareModel_TBEAM) {
             // Unuse power channel
             PMU->disablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_DCDC2);
@@ -1126,8 +1154,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
             // t-beam s3 core
             /**
              * gnss module power channel
-             * The default ALDO4 is off, you need to turn on the GNSS power first, otherwise it will be invalid during
+             * The default ALDO4 is off, you need to turn on the GNSS power first,
-             * initialization
+             * otherwise it will be invalid during initialization
              */
             PMU->setPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_ALDO4, 3300);
             PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_ALDO4);
@@ -1177,7 +1205,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         // disable all axp chip interrupt
         PMU->disableIRQ(XPOWERS_AXP2101_ALL_IRQ);
 
-        // Set the constant current charging current of AXP2101, temporarily use 500mA by default
+        // Set the constant current charging current of AXP2101, temporarily use
+        // 500mA by default
         PMU->setChargerConstantCurr(XPOWERS_AXP2101_CHG_CUR_500MA);
 
         // Set up the charging voltage
@@ -1243,11 +1272,12 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
                   PMU->getPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_BLDO2));
     }
 
-// We can safely ignore this approach for most (or all) boards because MCU turned off
+// We can safely ignore this approach for most (or all) boards because MCU
-// earlier than battery discharged to 2.6V.
+// turned off earlier than battery discharged to 2.6V.
 //
-// Unfortanly for now we can't use this killswitch for RAK4630-based boards because they have a bug with
+// Unfortunately for now we can't use this killswitch for RAK4630-based boards
-// battery voltage measurement. Probably it sometimes drops to low values.
+// because they have a bug with battery voltage measurement. Probably it
+// sometimes drops to low values.
 #ifndef RAK4630
     // Set PMU shutdown voltage at 2.6V to maximize battery utilization
     PMU->setSysPowerDownVoltage(2600);
@@ -1266,10 +1296,12 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
     attachInterrupt(
         PMU_IRQ, [] { pmu_irq = true; }, FALLING);
 
-    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while there is
+    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ
-    // no battery also it could cause inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled
+    // because it occurs repeatedly while there is no battery also it could cause
-    // we don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while no battery installed
+    // inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled we
-    // we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we don't have anything hooked to vbus
+    // don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while
+    // no battery installed we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we
+    // don't have anything hooked to vbus
     PMU->enableIRQ(pmuIrqMask);
 
     PMU->clearIrqStatus();
@@ -1291,7 +1323,7 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
 /**
  * Wrapper class for an I2C MAX17048 Lipo battery sensor.
  */
-class LipoBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
+class MAX17048BatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 {
   private:
     MAX17048Singleton *max17048 = nullptr;
@@ -1339,18 +1371,18 @@ class LipoBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     virtual bool isCharging() override { return max17048->isBatteryCharging(); }
 };
 
-LipoBatteryLevel lipoLevel;
+MAX17048BatteryLevel max17048Level;
 
 /**
  * Init the Lipo battery level sensor
  */
-bool Power::lipoInit()
+bool Power::max17048Init()
 {
-    bool result = lipoLevel.runOnce();
+    bool result = max17048Level.runOnce();
-    LOG_DEBUG("Power::lipoInit lipo sensor is %s", result ? "ready" : "not ready yet");
+    LOG_DEBUG("Power::max17048Init lipo sensor is %s", result ? "ready" : "not ready yet");
     if (!result)
         return false;
-    batteryLevel = &lipoLevel;
+    batteryLevel = &max17048Level;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1358,7 +1390,88 @@ bool Power::lipoInit()
 /**
  * The Lipo battery level sensor is unavailable - default to AnalogBatteryLevel
  */
-bool Power::lipoInit()
+bool Power::max17048Init()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C && HAS_CW2015
+
+class CW2015BatteryLevel : public AnalogBatteryLevel
+{
+  public:
+    /**
+     * Battery state of charge, from 0 to 100 or -1 for unknown
+     */
+    virtual int getBatteryPercent() override
+    {
+        int data = -1;
+        Wire.beginTransmission(CW2015_ADDR);
+        Wire.write(0x04);
+        if (Wire.endTransmission() == 0) {
+            if (Wire.requestFrom(CW2015_ADDR, (uint8_t)1)) {
+                data = Wire.read();
+            }
+        }
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The raw voltage of the battery in millivolts, or NAN if unknown
+     */
+    virtual uint16_t getBattVoltage() override
+    {
+        uint16_t mv = 0;
+        Wire.beginTransmission(CW2015_ADDR);
+        Wire.write(0x02);
+        if (Wire.endTransmission() == 0) {
+            if (Wire.requestFrom(CW2015_ADDR, (uint8_t)2)) {
+                mv = Wire.read();
+                mv <<= 8;
+                mv |= Wire.read();
+                // Voltage is read in  305uV units, convert to mV
+                mv = mv * 305 / 1000;
+            }
+        }
+        return mv;
+    }
+};
+
+CW2015BatteryLevel cw2015Level;
+
+/**
+ * Init the CW2015 battery level sensor
+ */
+bool Power::cw2015Init()
+{
+
+    Wire.beginTransmission(CW2015_ADDR);
+    uint8_t getInfo[] = {0x0a, 0x00};
+    Wire.write(getInfo, 2);
+    Wire.endTransmission();
+    delay(10);
+    Wire.beginTransmission(CW2015_ADDR);
+    Wire.write(0x00);
+    bool result = false;
+    if (Wire.endTransmission() == 0) {
+        if (Wire.requestFrom(CW2015_ADDR, (uint8_t)1)) {
+            uint8_t data = Wire.read();
+            LOG_DEBUG("CW2015 init read data: 0x%x", data);
+            if (data == 0x73) {
+                result = true;
+                batteryLevel = &cw2015Level;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+#else
+/**
+ * The CW2015 battery level sensor is unavailable - default to AnalogBatteryLevel
+ */
+bool Power::cw2015Init()
 {
     return false;
 }
@@ -1385,8 +1498,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
             bool result = PPM->init(Wire, I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL, BQ25896_ADDR);
             if (result) {
                 LOG_INFO("PPM BQ25896 init succeeded");
-                // Set the minimum operating voltage. Below this voltage, the PPM will protect
+                // Set the minimum operating voltage. Below this voltage, the PPM will
-                // PPM->setSysPowerDownVoltage(3100);
+                // protect PPM->setSysPowerDownVoltage(3100);
 
                 // Set input current limit, default is 500mA
                 // PPM->setInputCurrentLimit(800);
@@ -1409,7 +1522,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
                 PPM->enableMeasure();
 
                 // Turn on charging function
-                // If there is no battery connected, do not turn on the charging function
+                // If there is no battery connected, do not turn on the charging
+                // function
                 PPM->enableCharge();
             } else {
                 LOG_WARN("PPM BQ25896 init failed");
@@ -1444,7 +1558,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
     virtual int getBatteryPercent() override
     {
         return -1;
-        // return bq->getChargePercent(); // don't use BQ27220 for battery percent, it is not calibrated
+        // return bq->getChargePercent(); // don't use BQ27220 for battery percent,
+        // it is not calibrated
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1566,7 +1681,8 @@ bool Power::meshSolarInit()
 
 #else
 /**
- * The meshSolar battery level sensor is unavailable - default to AnalogBatteryLevel
+ * The meshSolar battery level sensor is unavailable - default to
+ * AnalogBatteryLevel
  */
 bool Power::meshSolarInit()
 {

src/PowerFSM.cpp

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
  */
 #include "PowerFSM.h"
 #include "Default.h"
-#include "Led.h"
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "PowerMon.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "main.h"
+#include "modules/StatusLEDModule.h"
 #include "sleep.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void lsIdle()
             uint32_t sleepTime = SLEEP_TIME;
 
             powerMon->setState(meshtastic_PowerMon_State_CPU_LightSleep);
-            ledBlink.set(false); // Never leave led on while in light sleep
+            statusLEDModule->setPowerLED(false);
             esp_sleep_source_t wakeCause2 = doLightSleep(sleepTime * 1000LL);
             powerMon->clearState(meshtastic_PowerMon_State_CPU_LightSleep);
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static void lsIdle()
             case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_TIMER:
                 // Normal case: timer expired, we should just go back to sleep ASAP
 
-                ledBlink.set(true);             // briefly turn on led
+                statusLEDModule->setPowerLED(true);
                 wakeCause2 = doLightSleep(100); // leave led on for 1ms
 
                 secsSlept += sleepTime;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static void lsIdle()
         }
     } else {
         // Time to stop sleeping!
-        ledBlink.set(false);
+        statusLEDModule->setPowerLED(false);
         LOG_INFO("Reached ls_secs, service loop()");
         powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_WAKE_TIMER);
     }

src/configuration.h

@@ -155,6 +155,10 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #endif
 
 // Default system gain to 0 if not defined
+#ifndef NUM_PA_POINTS
+#define NUM_PA_POINTS 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef TX_GAIN_LORA
 #define TX_GAIN_LORA 0
 #endif
@@ -229,6 +233,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define NAU7802_ADDR 0x2A
 #define MAX30102_ADDR 0x57
 #define SCD4X_ADDR 0x62
+#define CW2015_ADDR 0x62
+#define STC31_ADDR 0x2c // RAK12008 uses 0x2C address
 #define MLX90614_ADDR_DEF 0x5A
 #define CGRADSENS_ADDR 0x66
 #define LTR390UV_ADDR 0x53
@@ -237,6 +243,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define BQ27220_ADDR 0x55 // same address as TDECK_KB
 #define BQ25896_ADDR 0x6B
 #define LTR553ALS_ADDR 0x23
+#define SEN5X_ADDR 0x69
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // ACCELEROMETER
@@ -386,9 +393,6 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #ifndef HAS_RADIO
 #define HAS_RADIO 0
 #endif
-#ifndef HAS_RTC
-#define HAS_RTC 0
-#endif
 #ifndef HAS_CPU_SHUTDOWN
 #define HAS_CPU_SHUTDOWN 0
 #endif
@@ -424,12 +428,16 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define HAS_RGB_LED
 #endif
 
-#ifndef LED_STATE_OFF
-#define LED_STATE_OFF 0
-#endif
 #ifndef LED_STATE_ON
 #define LED_STATE_ON 1
 #endif
+#ifndef LED_STATE_OFF
+#define LED_STATE_OFF (LED_STATE_ON ^ 1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ledOff
+#define ledOff(pin) pinMode(pin, INPUT)
+#endif
 
 // default mapping of pins
 #if defined(PIN_BUTTON2) && !defined(CANCEL_BUTTON_PIN)
@@ -445,18 +453,6 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #endif
 #endif
 
-// BME680 BSEC2 support detection
-#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_BME680_BSEC2_SUPPORTED)
-#if defined(RAK_4631) || defined(TBEAM_V10)
-
-#define MESHTASTIC_BME680_BSEC2_SUPPORTED 1
-#define MESHTASTIC_BME680_HEADER <bsec2.h>
-#else
-#define MESHTASTIC_BME680_BSEC2_SUPPORTED 0
-#define MESHTASTIC_BME680_HEADER <Adafruit_BME680.h>
-#endif // defined(RAK_4631)
-#endif // !defined(MESHTASTIC_BME680_BSEC2_SUPPORTED)
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Global switches to turn off features for a minimized build
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/detect/ScanI2C.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ScanI2C::FoundDevice ScanI2C::firstAccelerometer() const
 
 ScanI2C::FoundDevice ScanI2C::firstAQI() const
 {
-    ScanI2C::DeviceType types[] = {PMSA003I, SCD4X};
+    ScanI2C::DeviceType types[] = {PMSA003I, SEN5X, SCD4X};
     return firstOfOrNONE(2, types);
 }
 

src/detect/ScanI2C.h

@@ -88,7 +88,10 @@ class ScanI2C
         BH1750,
         DA217,
         CHSC6X,
-        CST226SE
+        CST226SE,
+        CW2015,
+        SEN5X,
+        STC31
     } DeviceType;
 
     // typedef uint8_t DeviceAddress;

src/detect/ScanI2CTwoWire.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #endif
 #if !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO) && !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
 #include "meshUtils.h" // vformat
+
 #endif
 
 bool in_array(uint8_t *array, int size, uint8_t lookfor)
@@ -114,6 +115,81 @@ uint16_t ScanI2CTwoWire::getRegisterValue(const ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation
     return value;
 }
 
+/// for SEN5X detection
+// Note, this code needs to be called before setting the I2C bus speed
+// for the screen at high speed. The speed needs to be at 100kHz, otherwise
+// detection will not work
+String readSEN5xProductName(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
+{
+    uint8_t cmd[] = {0xD0, 0x14};
+    uint8_t response[48] = {0};
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(cmd, 2);
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return "";
+
+    delay(20);
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)48) != 48)
+        return "";
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 48 && i2cBus->available(); ++i) {
+        response[i] = i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    char productName[33] = {0};
+    int j = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 48 && j < 32; i += 3) {
+        if (response[i] >= 32 && response[i] <= 126)
+            productName[j++] = response[i];
+        else
+            break;
+
+        if (response[i + 1] >= 32 && response[i + 1] <= 126)
+            productName[j++] = response[i + 1];
+        else
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return String(productName);
+}
+
+/// for STC31 detection - probe by reading product identifier
+/// Uses two-step sequence: prepareProductIdentifier (0x367c) then readProductIdentifier (0xe102)
+bool probeSTC31(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
+{
+    // Step 1: Send prepare product identifier command (0x367c)
+    uint8_t prepCmd[] = {0x36, 0x7c};
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(prepCmd, 2);
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+    delay(1);
+
+    // Step 2: Send read product identifier command (0xe102)
+    uint8_t readCmd[] = {0xe1, 0x02};
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(readCmd, 2);
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+    delay(10);
+
+    // Read 6 bytes: product number (4 bytes with CRC) + more data
+    // Product number is 32-bit: STC31 = 0x08010301
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)6) != 6)
+        return false;
+
+    uint8_t response[6] = {0};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6 && i2cBus->available(); ++i) {
+        response[i] = i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    uint32_t productId =
+        ((uint32_t)response[0] << 24) | ((uint32_t)response[1] << 16) | ((uint32_t)response[3] << 8) | response[4];
+
+    return productId == 0x08010301;
+}
+
 #define SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(ADDR, T, ...)                                                                                           \
     case ADDR:                                                                                                                   \
         logFoundDevice(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                                             \
@@ -492,13 +568,23 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                 }
                 break;
             case TSL25911_ADDR:
-                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xA0 | 0x12), 1);
+                // TSL25911_ADDR (0x29) is shared by TSL2591, TSL2561, and STC31
-                if (registerValue == 0x50) {
+                // Probe for STC31 first (Sensirion CO2 sensor)
-                    type = TSL2591;
+                LOG_DEBUG("Probing address 0x29 for STC31...");
-                    logFoundDevice("TSL25911", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                if (probeSTC31(i2cBus, addr.address)) {
+                    type = STC31;
+                    LOG_DEBUG("STC31 probe successful!");
+                    logFoundDevice("STC31", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                 } else {
-                    type = TSL2561;
+                    LOG_DEBUG("STC31 probe failed, checking for TSL sensors...");
-                    logFoundDevice("TSL2561", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xA0 | 0x12), 1);
+                    if (registerValue == 0x50) {
+                        type = TSL2591;
+                        logFoundDevice("TSL25911", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    } else {
+                        type = TSL2561;
+                        logFoundDevice("TSL2561", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    }
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -508,6 +594,18 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(DFROBOT_RAIN_ADDR, DFROBOT_RAIN, "DFRobot Rain Gauge", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(LTR390UV_ADDR, LTR390UV, "LTR390UV", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(PCT2075_ADDR, PCT2075, "PCT2075", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+            case STC31_ADDR:
+                // RAK12008 uses address 0x2C for STC31
+                LOG_DEBUG("Probing address 0x2c for STC31...");
+                if (probeSTC31(i2cBus, addr.address)) {
+                    type = STC31;
+                    LOG_DEBUG("STC31 probe successful at 0x2c!");
+                    logFoundDevice("STC31", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                } else {
+                    LOG_DEBUG("STC31 probe failed at 0x2c");
+                    LOG_INFO("Device found at address 0x%x was not able to be enumerated", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                }
+                break;
             case CST328_ADDR:
                 // Do we have the CST328 or the CST226SE
                 registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xAB), 1);
@@ -541,7 +639,17 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                 break;
 
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(BHI260AP_ADDR, BHI260AP, "BHI260AP", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SCD4X_ADDR, SCD4X, "SCD4X", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+            case SCD4X_ADDR: {
+                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0x8), 1);
+                if (registerValue == 0x18) {
+                    logFoundDevice("CW2015", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    type = CW2015;
+                } else {
+                    logFoundDevice("SCD4X", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    type = SCD4X;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(BMM150_ADDR, BMM150, "BMM150", (uint8_t)addr.address);
 #ifdef HAS_TPS65233
                 SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(TPS65233_ADDR, TPS65233, "TPS65233", (uint8_t)addr.address);
@@ -568,8 +676,9 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                 }
                 break;
 
-            case ICM20948_ADDR:     // same as BMX160_ADDR
+            case ICM20948_ADDR:     // same as BMX160_ADDR and SEN5X_ADDR
             case ICM20948_ADDR_ALT: // same as MPU6050_ADDR
+                // ICM20948 Register check
                 registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0x00), 1);
 #ifdef HAS_ICM20948
                 type = ICM20948;
@@ -580,14 +689,31 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                     type = ICM20948;
                     logFoundDevice("ICM20948", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                     break;
-                } else if (addr.address == BMX160_ADDR) {
-                    type = BMX160;
-                    logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                    break;
                 } else {
-                    type = MPU6050;
+                    String prod = "";
-                    logFoundDevice("MPU6050", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    prod = readSEN5xProductName(i2cBus, addr.address);
-                    break;
+                    if (prod.startsWith("SEN55")) {
+                        type = SEN5X;
+                        logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN55", addr.address);
+                        break;
+                    } else if (prod.startsWith("SEN54")) {
+                        type = SEN5X;
+                        logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN54", addr.address);
+                        break;
+                    } else if (prod.startsWith("SEN50")) {
+                        type = SEN5X;
+                        logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN50", addr.address);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (addr.address == BMX160_ADDR) {
+                        type = BMX160;
+                        logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        type = MPU6050;
+                        logFoundDevice("MPU6050", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
                 break;
 

src/detect/reClockI2C.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "reClockI2C.h"
+#include "ScanI2CTwoWire.h"
+
+uint32_t reClockI2C(uint32_t desiredClock, TwoWire *i2cBus, bool force)
+{
+
+    uint32_t currentClock = 0;
+
+    /* See https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/11457
+      Currently, only ESP32 can getClock()
+      While all cores can setClock()
+      https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/master/libraries/Wire/Wire.h#L50
+      https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/blob/master/libraries/Wire/src/Wire.h#L60
+      https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/blob/main/libraries/Wire/src/Wire.h#L103
+      For cases when I2C speed is different to the ones defined by sensors (see defines in sensor classes)
+      we need to reclock I2C and set it back to the previous desired speed.
+      Only for cases where we can know OR predefine the speed, we can do this.
+    */
+
+// TODO add getClock function or return a predefined clock speed per variant?
+#ifdef CAN_RECLOCK_I2C
+    currentClock = i2cBus->getClock();
+#endif
+
+    if ((currentClock != desiredClock) || force) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Changing I2C clock to %u", desiredClock);
+        i2cBus->setClock(desiredClock);
+    }
+
+    return currentClock;
+}

src/detect/reClockI2C.h

@@ -1,41 +1,11 @@
-#ifdef CAN_RECLOCK_I2C
+
+#ifndef RECLOCK_I2C_
+#define RECLOCK_I2C_
+
 #include "ScanI2CTwoWire.h"
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
-uint32_t reClockI2C(uint32_t desiredClock, TwoWire *i2cBus)
+uint32_t reClockI2C(uint32_t desiredClock, TwoWire *i2cBus, bool force);
-{
 
-    uint32_t currentClock;
-
-    /* See https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/11457
-      Currently, only ESP32 can getClock()
-      While all cores can setClock()
-      https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/master/libraries/Wire/Wire.h#L50
-      https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/blob/master/libraries/Wire/src/Wire.h#L60
-      https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/blob/main/libraries/Wire/src/Wire.h#L103
-      For cases when I2C speed is different to the ones defined by sensors (see defines in sensor classes)
-      we need to reclock I2C and set it back to the previous desired speed.
-      Only for cases where we can know OR predefine the speed, we can do this.
-    */
-
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-    currentClock = i2cBus->getClock();
-#elif defined(ARCH_NRF52)
-    // TODO add getClock function or return a predefined clock speed per variant?
-    return 0;
-#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
-    // TODO add getClock function or return a predefined clock speed per variant
-    return 0;
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
-    // TODO add getClock function or return a predefined clock speed per variant
-    return 0;
-#else
-    return 0;
-#endif
-
-    if (currentClock != desiredClock) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Changing I2C clock to %u", desiredClock);
-        i2cBus->setClock(desiredClock);
-    }
-    return currentClock;
-}
 #endif

src/gps/GPS.cpp

@@ -905,6 +905,12 @@ void GPS::writePinStandby(bool standby)
     // Write and log
     pinMode(PIN_GPS_STANDBY, OUTPUT);
     digitalWrite(PIN_GPS_STANDBY, val);
+
+    // Enter backup mode on PA1010D; TODO: may be applicable to other MTK GPS too
+    if (IS_ONE_OF(gnssModel, GNSS_MODEL_MTK_PA1010D)) {
+        _serial_gps->write("$PMTK225,4*2F\r\n");
+    }
+
 #ifdef GPS_DEBUG
     LOG_DEBUG("Pin STANDBY %s", val == HIGH ? "HI" : "LOW");
 #endif

src/gps/RTC.cpp

@@ -72,11 +72,13 @@ RTCSetResult readFromRTC()
 #elif defined(PCF8563_RTC) || defined(PCF85063_RTC)
 #if defined(PCF8563_RTC)
     if (rtc_found.address == PCF8563_RTC) {
+        SensorPCF8563 rtc;
 #elif defined(PCF85063_RTC)
     if (rtc_found.address == PCF85063_RTC) {
+        SensorPCF85063 rtc;
+
 #endif
         uint32_t now = millis();
-        SensorRtcHelper rtc;
 
 #if WIRE_INTERFACES_COUNT == 2
         rtc.begin(rtc_found.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1 ? Wire1 : Wire);
@@ -240,10 +242,12 @@ RTCSetResult perhapsSetRTC(RTCQuality q, const struct timeval *tv, bool forceUpd
 #elif defined(PCF8563_RTC) || defined(PCF85063_RTC)
 #if defined(PCF8563_RTC)
         if (rtc_found.address == PCF8563_RTC) {
+            SensorPCF8563 rtc;
 #elif defined(PCF85063_RTC)
         if (rtc_found.address == PCF85063_RTC) {
+            SensorPCF85063 rtc;
+
 #endif
-            SensorRtcHelper rtc;
 
 #if WIRE_INTERFACES_COUNT == 2
             rtc.begin(rtc_found.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1 ? Wire1 : Wire);
@@ -276,11 +280,7 @@ RTCSetResult perhapsSetRTC(RTCQuality q, const struct timeval *tv, bool forceUpd
         settimeofday(tv, NULL);
 #endif
 
-        // nrf52 doesn't have a readable RTC (yet - software not written)
-#if HAS_RTC
         readFromRTC();
-#endif
-
         return RTCSetResultSuccess;
     } else {
         return RTCSetResultNotSet; // RTC was already set with a higher quality time
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ uint32_t getValidTime(RTCQuality minQuality, bool local)
     return (currentQuality >= minQuality) ? getTime(local) : 0;
 }
 
-time_t gm_mktime(struct tm *tm)
+time_t gm_mktime(const struct tm *tm)
 {
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TZ
     time_t result = 0;
@@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ time_t gm_mktime(struct tm *tm)
     days_before_this_year -= 719162; // (1969 * 365 + 1969 / 4 - 1969 / 100 + 1969 / 400);
 
     // Now, within this tm->year, compute the days *before* this tm->month starts.
-    int days_before_month[12] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334}; // non-leap year
+    static const int days_before_month[12] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334}; // non-leap year
-    int days_this_year_before_this_month = days_before_month[tm->tm_mon];                // tm->tm_mon is 0..11
+    int days_this_year_before_this_month = days_before_month[tm->tm_mon];                             // tm->tm_mon is 0..11
 
     // If this is a leap year, and we're past February, add a day:
     if (tm->tm_mon >= 2 && (year % 4) == 0 && ((year % 100) != 0 || (year % 400) == 0)) {
@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ time_t gm_mktime(struct tm *tm)
 
     return result;
 #else
-    return mktime(tm);
+    struct tm tmCopy = *tm;
+    return mktime(&tmCopy);
 #endif
 }

src/gps/RTC.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ uint32_t getValidTime(RTCQuality minQuality, bool local = false);
 
 RTCSetResult readFromRTC();
 
-time_t gm_mktime(struct tm *tm);
+time_t gm_mktime(const struct tm *tm);
 
 #define SEC_PER_DAY 86400
 #define SEC_PER_HOUR 3600

src/graphics/Screen.cpp

@@ -1731,6 +1731,26 @@ int Screen::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
                 showFrame(FrameDirection::PREVIOUS);
             } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_RIGHT || event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS) {
                 showFrame(FrameDirection::NEXT);
+            } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_FN_F1) {
+                this->ui->switchToFrame(0);
+                lastScreenTransition = millis();
+                setFastFramerate();
+            } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_FN_F2) {
+                this->ui->switchToFrame(1);
+                lastScreenTransition = millis();
+                setFastFramerate();
+            } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_FN_F3) {
+                this->ui->switchToFrame(2);
+                lastScreenTransition = millis();
+                setFastFramerate();
+            } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_FN_F4) {
+                this->ui->switchToFrame(3);
+                lastScreenTransition = millis();
+                setFastFramerate();
+            } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_FN_F5) {
+                this->ui->switchToFrame(4);
+                lastScreenTransition = millis();
+                setFastFramerate();
             } else if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP_LONG) {
                 // Long press up button for fast frame switching
                 showPrevFrame();

src/graphics/SharedUIDisplay.cpp

@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
 
     if (rtc_sec > 0) {
         // === Build Time String ===
-        long hms = (rtc_sec % SEC_PER_DAY + SEC_PER_DAY) % SEC_PER_DAY;
         int hour, minute, second;
         graphics::decomposeTime(rtc_sec, hour, minute, second);
         snprintf(timeStr, sizeof(timeStr), "%d:%02d", hour, minute);

src/graphics/VirtualKeyboard.cpp

@@ -429,6 +429,10 @@ void VirtualKeyboard::drawKey(OLEDDisplay *display, const VirtualKey &key, bool
             c = c - 'a' + 'A';
         }
         keyText = (key.character == ' ' || key.character == '_') ? "_" : std::string(1, c);
+        // Show the common "/" pairing next to "?" like on a real keyboard
+        if (key.type == VK_CHAR && key.character == '?') {
+            keyText = "?/";
+        }
     }
 
     int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(keyText.c_str());
@@ -518,9 +522,13 @@ char VirtualKeyboard::getCharForKey(const VirtualKey &key, bool isLongPress)
 
     char c = key.character;
 
-    // Long-press: only keep letter lowercase->uppercase conversion; remove other symbol mappings
+    // Long-press: letters become uppercase; for "?" provide "/" like a typical keyboard
-    if (isLongPress && c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
+    if (isLongPress) {
-        c = (char)(c - 'a' + 'A');
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
+            c = (char)(c - 'a' + 'A');
+        } else if (c == '?') {
+            c = '/';
+        }
     }
 
     return c;

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ BannerOverlayOptions createStaticBannerOptions(const char *message, const MenuOp
 
 } // namespace
 
-menuHandler::screenMenus menuHandler::menuQueue = menu_none;
+menuHandler::screenMenus menuHandler::menuQueue = MenuNone;
 uint32_t menuHandler::pickedNodeNum = 0;
 bool test_enabled = false;
 uint8_t test_count = 0;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ uint8_t test_count = 0;
 void menuHandler::loraMenu()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Device Role", "Radio Preset", "Frequency Slot", "LoRa Region"};
-    enum optionsNumbers { Back = 0, device_role_picker = 1, radio_preset_picker = 2, frequency_slot = 3, lora_picker = 4 };
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back = 0, DeviceRolePicker = 1, RadioPresetPicker = 2, FrequencySlot = 3, LoraPicker = 4 };
     BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
     bannerOptions.message = "LoRa Actions";
     bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ void menuHandler::loraMenu()
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Back) {
             // No action
-        } else if (selected == device_role_picker) {
+        } else if (selected == DeviceRolePicker) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::device_role_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::DeviceRolePicker;
-        } else if (selected == radio_preset_picker) {
+        } else if (selected == RadioPresetPicker) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::radio_preset_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::RadioPresetPicker;
-        } else if (selected == frequency_slot) {
+        } else if (selected == FrequencySlot) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::frequency_slot;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::FrequencySlot;
-        } else if (selected == lora_picker) {
+        } else if (selected == LoraPicker) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::lora_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::LoraPicker;
         }
     };
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ void menuHandler::OnboardMessage()
     bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 2;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
-        menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::no_timeout_lora_picker;
+        menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::NoTimeoutLoraPicker;
         screen->runNow();
     };
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::DeviceRolePicker()
+void menuHandler::deviceRolePicker()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Client", "Client Mute", "Lost and Found", "Tracker"};
     enum optionsNumbers {
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ void menuHandler::DeviceRolePicker()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 5;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::lora_Menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::LoraMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         } else if (selected == devicerole_client) {
@@ -266,52 +266,8 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
 
     // Calculate number of channels (copied from RadioInterface::applyModemConfig())
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
-    double bw = loraConfig.bandwidth;
+    double bw = loraConfig.use_preset ? modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora)
-    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+                                      : bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
-        switch (loraConfig.modem_preset) {
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 1625.0 : 500;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 812.5 : 250;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 812.5 : 250;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 812.5 : 250;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 812.5 : 250;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 1625.0 : 500;
-            break;
-        default:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 812.5 : 250;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 406.25 : 125;
-            break;
-        case meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW:
-            bw = (myRegion->wideLora) ? 406.25 : 125;
-            break;
-        }
-    } else {
-        bw = loraConfig.bandwidth;
-        if (bw == 31) // This parameter is not an integer
-            bw = 31.25;
-        if (bw == 62) // Fix for 62.5Khz bandwidth
-            bw = 62.5;
-        if (bw == 200)
-            bw = 203.125;
-        if (bw == 400)
-            bw = 406.25;
-        if (bw == 800)
-            bw = 812.5;
-        if (bw == 1600)
-            bw = 1625.0;
-    }
 
     uint32_t numChannels = 0;
     if (myRegion) {
@@ -344,7 +300,7 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
 
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::lora_Menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::LoraMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         }
@@ -357,7 +313,7 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::RadioPresetPicker()
+void menuHandler::radioPresetPicker()
 {
     static const RadioPresetOption presetOptions[] = {
         {"Back", OptionsAction::Back},
@@ -377,7 +333,7 @@ void menuHandler::RadioPresetPicker()
     auto bannerOptions =
         createStaticBannerOptions("Radio Preset", presetOptions, presetLabels, [](const RadioPresetOption &option, int) -> void {
             if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::lora_Menu;
+                menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::LoraMenu;
                 screen->runNow();
                 return;
             }
@@ -396,7 +352,7 @@ void menuHandler::RadioPresetPicker()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::TwelveHourPicker()
+void menuHandler::twelveHourPicker()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "12-hour", "24-hour"};
     enum optionsNumbers { Back = 0, twelve = 1, twentyfour = 2 };
@@ -406,7 +362,7 @@ void menuHandler::TwelveHourPicker()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 3;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::clock_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ClockMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == twelve) {
             config.display.use_12h_clock = true;
@@ -434,7 +390,7 @@ void menuHandler::showConfirmationBanner(const char *message, std::function<void
     screen->showOverlayBanner(confirmBanner);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::ClockFacePicker()
+void menuHandler::clockFacePicker()
 {
     static const ClockFaceOption clockFaceOptions[] = {
         {"Back", OptionsAction::Back},
@@ -448,7 +404,7 @@ void menuHandler::ClockFacePicker()
     auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("Which Face?", clockFaceOptions, clockFaceLabels,
                                                    [](const ClockFaceOption &option, int) -> void {
                                                        if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                                                           menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::clock_menu;
+                                                           menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ClockMenu;
                                                            screen->runNow();
                                                            return;
                                                        }
@@ -500,7 +456,7 @@ void menuHandler::TZPicker()
     auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions(
         "Pick Timezone", timezoneOptions, timezoneLabels, [](const TimezoneOption &option, int) -> void {
             if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::clock_menu;
+                menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ClockMenu;
                 screen->runNow();
                 return;
             }
@@ -547,13 +503,13 @@ void menuHandler::clockMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 4;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Clock) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::clock_face_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ClockFacePicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Time) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::twelve_hour_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TwelveHourPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Timezone) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TZ_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TzPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -616,12 +572,12 @@ void menuHandler::messageResponseMenu()
         LOG_DEBUG("[ReplyCtx] mode=%d ch=%d peer=0x%08x", (int)mode, ch, (unsigned int)peer);
 
         if (selected == ViewMode) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::message_viewmode_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageViewModeMenu;
             screen->runNow();
 
             // Reply submenu
         } else if (selected == ReplyMenu) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::reply_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ReplyMenu;
             screen->runNow();
 
         } else if (selected == MuteChannel) {
@@ -633,7 +589,7 @@ void menuHandler::messageResponseMenu()
             }
 
         } else if (selected == DeleteMenu) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::delete_messages_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::DeleteMessagesMenu;
             screen->runNow();
 
 #ifdef HAS_I2S
@@ -693,7 +649,7 @@ void menuHandler::replyMenu()
         uint32_t peer = graphics::MessageRenderer::getThreadPeer();
 
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::message_response_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageResponseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         }
@@ -781,7 +737,7 @@ void menuHandler::deleteMessagesMenu()
         uint32_t peer = graphics::MessageRenderer::getThreadPeer();
 
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::message_response_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageResponseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         }
@@ -945,7 +901,7 @@ void menuHandler::messageViewModeMenu()
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [=](int selected) -> void {
         LOG_DEBUG("messageViewModeMenu: selected=%d", selected);
         if (selected == -1) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::message_response_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageResponseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == -2) {
             graphics::MessageRenderer::setThreadMode(graphics::MessageRenderer::ThreadMode::ALL);
@@ -1127,23 +1083,23 @@ void menuHandler::systemBaseMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Notifications) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::buzzermodemenupicker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::BuzzerModeMenuPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == ScreenOptions) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::screen_options_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ScreenOptionsMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == PowerMenu) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::power_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::PowerMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Test) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::test_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TestMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Bluetooth) {
-            menuQueue = bluetooth_toggle_menu;
+            menuQueue = BluetoothToggleMenu;
             screen->runNow();
 #if HAS_WIFI && !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
         } else if (selected == WiFiToggle) {
-            menuQueue = wifi_toggle_menu;
+            menuQueue = WifiToggleMenu;
             screen->runNow();
 #endif
         } else if (selected == Back && !test_enabled) {
@@ -1221,7 +1177,7 @@ void menuHandler::favoriteBaseMenu()
             evt.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::SWITCH_TO_TEXTMESSAGE;
             screen->handleUIFrameEvent(&evt);
         } else if (selected == Remove) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::remove_favorite;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::RemoveFavorite;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == TraceRoute) {
             if (traceRouteModule) {
@@ -1282,15 +1238,15 @@ void menuHandler::positionBaseMenu()
         auto action = static_cast<PositionAction>(option.value);
         switch (action) {
         case PositionAction::GpsToggle:
-            menuQueue = gps_toggle_menu;
+            menuQueue = GpsToggleMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         case PositionAction::GpsFormat:
-            menuQueue = gps_format_menu;
+            menuQueue = GpsFormatMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         case PositionAction::CompassMenu:
-            menuQueue = compass_point_north_menu;
+            menuQueue = CompassPointNorthMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         case PositionAction::CompassCalibrate:
@@ -1299,15 +1255,15 @@ void menuHandler::positionBaseMenu()
             }
             break;
         case PositionAction::GPSSmartPosition:
-            menuQueue = gps_smart_position_menu;
+            menuQueue = GpsSmartPositionMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         case PositionAction::GPSUpdateInterval:
-            menuQueue = gps_update_interval_menu;
+            menuQueue = GpsUpdateIntervalMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         case PositionAction::GPSPositionBroadcast:
-            menuQueue = gps_position_broadcast_menu;
+            menuQueue = GpsPositionBroadcastMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             break;
         }
@@ -1347,13 +1303,13 @@ void menuHandler::nodeListMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == NodePicker) {
-            menuQueue = NodePicker_menu;
+            menuQueue = NodePickerMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Reset) {
-            menuQueue = reset_node_db_menu;
+            menuQueue = ResetNodeDbMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == NodeNameLength) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::node_name_length_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::NodeNameLengthMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -1374,12 +1330,12 @@ void menuHandler::NodePicker()
         menuHandler::pickedNodeNum = nodenum;
         // Keep UI favorite context in sync (used elsewhere for some node-based actions)
         graphics::UIRenderer::currentFavoriteNodeNum = nodenum;
-        menuQueue = Manage_Node_menu;
+        menuQueue = ManageNodeMenu;
         screen->runNow();
     });
 }
 
-void menuHandler::ManageNodeMenu()
+void menuHandler::manageNodeMenu()
 {
     // If we don't have a node selected yet, go fast exit
     auto node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(menuHandler::pickedNodeNum);
@@ -1435,7 +1391,7 @@ void menuHandler::ManageNodeMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Back) {
-            menuQueue = node_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = NodeBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         }
@@ -1527,7 +1483,7 @@ void menuHandler::nodeNameLengthMenu()
     auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("Node Name Length", nodeNameOptions, nodeNameLabels,
                                                    [](const NodeNameOption &option, int) -> void {
                                                        if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                                                           menuQueue = node_base_menu;
+                                                           menuQueue = NodeBaseMenu;
                                                            screen->runNow();
                                                            return;
                                                        }
@@ -1542,6 +1498,7 @@ void menuHandler::nodeNameLengthMenu()
 
                                                        config.display.use_long_node_name = option.value;
                                                        saveUIConfig();
+                                                       service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
                                                        LOG_INFO("Setting names to %s", option.value ? "long" : "short");
                                                    });
 
@@ -1572,7 +1529,7 @@ void menuHandler::resetNodeDBMenu()
             nodeDB->resetNodes(1);
             rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
         } else if (selected == 0) {
-            menuQueue = node_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = NodeBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -1594,7 +1551,7 @@ void menuHandler::compassNorthMenu()
     auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("North Directions?", compassOptions, compassLabels,
                                                    [](const CompassOption &option, int) -> void {
                                                        if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                                                           menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+                                                           menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
                                                            screen->runNow();
                                                            return;
                                                        }
@@ -1639,7 +1596,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSToggleMenu()
     auto bannerOptions =
         createStaticBannerOptions("Toggle GPS", gpsToggleOptions, toggleLabels, [](const GPSToggleOption &option, int) -> void {
             if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+                menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
                 screen->runNow();
                 return;
             }
@@ -1704,7 +1661,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSFormatMenu()
 
     auto onSelection = [](const GPSFormatOption &option, int) -> void {
         if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-            menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
             return;
         }
@@ -1759,7 +1716,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSSmartPositionMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 3;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == 0) {
-            menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == 1) {
             config.position.position_broadcast_smart_enabled = true;
@@ -1788,7 +1745,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSUpdateIntervalMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 16;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == 0) {
-            menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == 1) {
             config.position.gps_update_interval = 8;
@@ -1876,7 +1833,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSPositionBroadcastMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 17;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == 0) {
-            menuQueue = position_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = PositionBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == 1) {
             config.position.position_broadcast_secs = 60;
@@ -1959,7 +1916,7 @@ void menuHandler::GPSPositionBroadcastMenu()
 
 #endif
 
-void menuHandler::BluetoothToggleMenu()
+void menuHandler::bluetoothToggleMenu()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Enabled", "Disabled"};
     BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
@@ -2087,7 +2044,7 @@ void menuHandler::TFTColorPickerMenu(OLEDDisplay *display)
     auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions(
         "Select Screen Color", colorOptions, colorLabels, [display](const ScreenColorOption &option, int) -> void {
             if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                menuQueue = system_base_menu;
+                menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
                 screen->runNow();
                 return;
             }
@@ -2182,7 +2139,7 @@ void menuHandler::rebootMenu()
             messageStore.saveToFlash();
             rebootAtMsec = millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000;
         } else {
-            menuQueue = power_menu;
+            menuQueue = PowerMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2204,7 +2161,7 @@ void menuHandler::shutdownMenu()
             InputEvent event = {.inputEvent = (input_broker_event)INPUT_BROKER_SHUTDOWN, .kbchar = 0, .touchX = 0, .touchY = 0};
             inputBroker->injectInputEvent(&event);
         } else {
-            menuQueue = power_menu;
+            menuQueue = PowerMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2265,14 +2222,14 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == NumberPicker) {
-            menuQueue = number_test;
+            menuQueue = NumberTest;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == ShowChirpy) {
             screen->toggleFrameVisibility("chirpy");
             screen->setFrames(Screen::FOCUS_SYSTEM);
 
         } else {
-            menuQueue = system_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2296,7 +2253,7 @@ void menuHandler::wifiBaseMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsCount = 2;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Wifi_toggle) {
-            menuQueue = wifi_toggle_menu;
+            menuQueue = WifiToggleMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2345,9 +2302,9 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
     hasSupportBrightness = false;
 #endif
 
-    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Brightness, ScreenColor, FrameToggles, DisplayUnits };
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Brightness, ScreenColor, FrameToggles, DisplayUnits, MessageBubbles };
-    static const char *optionsArray[5] = {"Back"};
+    static const char *optionsArray[6] = {"Back"};
-    static int optionsEnumArray[5] = {Back};
+    static int optionsEnumArray[6] = {Back};
     int options = 1;
 
     // Only show brightness for B&W displays
@@ -2369,6 +2326,9 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
     optionsArray[options] = "Display Units";
     optionsEnumArray[options++] = DisplayUnits;
 
+    optionsArray[options] = "Message Bubbles";
+    optionsEnumArray[options++] = MessageBubbles;
+
     BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
     bannerOptions.message = "Display Options";
     bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
@@ -2376,10 +2336,10 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Brightness) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::brightness_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::BrightnessPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == ScreenColor) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::tftcolormenupicker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TftColorMenuPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == FrameToggles) {
             menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::FrameToggles;
@@ -2387,8 +2347,11 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
         } else if (selected == DisplayUnits) {
             menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::DisplayUnits;
             screen->runNow();
+        } else if (selected == MessageBubbles) {
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageBubblesMenu;
+            screen->runNow();
         } else {
-            menuQueue = system_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2424,16 +2387,16 @@ void menuHandler::powerMenu()
     bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
     bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
         if (selected == Reboot) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::reboot_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::RebootMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == Shutdown) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::shutdown_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ShutdownMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == MUI) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::mui_picker;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MuiPicker;
             screen->runNow();
         } else {
-            menuQueue = system_base_menu;
+            menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2471,7 +2434,7 @@ void menuHandler::keyVerificationFinalPrompt()
     }
 }
 
-void menuHandler::FrameToggles_menu()
+void menuHandler::frameTogglesMenu()
 {
     enum optionsNumbers {
         Finish,
@@ -2615,7 +2578,7 @@ void menuHandler::FrameToggles_menu()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::DisplayUnits_menu()
+void menuHandler::displayUnitsMenu()
 {
     enum optionsNumbers { Back, MetricUnits, ImperialUnits };
 
@@ -2636,7 +2599,34 @@ void menuHandler::DisplayUnits_menu()
             config.display.units = meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL;
             service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
         } else {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::screen_options_menu;
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ScreenOptionsMenu;
+            screen->runNow();
+        }
+    };
+    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
+}
+
+void menuHandler::messageBubblesMenu()
+{
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back, ShowBubbles, HideBubbles };
+
+    static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Show Bubbles", "Hide Bubbles"};
+    BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
+    bannerOptions.message = "Message Bubbles";
+    bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
+    bannerOptions.optionsCount = 3;
+    bannerOptions.InitialSelected = config.display.enable_message_bubbles ? 1 : 2;
+    bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
+        if (selected == ShowBubbles) {
+            config.display.enable_message_bubbles = true;
+            service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
+            LOG_INFO("Message bubbles enabled");
+        } else if (selected == HideBubbles) {
+            config.display.enable_message_bubbles = false;
+            service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
+            LOG_INFO("Message bubbles disabled");
+        } else {
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ScreenOptionsMenu;
             screen->runNow();
         }
     };
@@ -2645,153 +2635,156 @@ void menuHandler::DisplayUnits_menu()
 
 void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
 {
-    if (menuQueue != menu_none)
+    if (menuQueue != MenuNone)
         test_count = 0;
     switch (menuQueue) {
-    case menu_none:
+    case MenuNone:
         break;
-    case lora_Menu:
+    case LoraMenu:
         loraMenu();
         break;
-    case lora_picker:
+    case LoraPicker:
         LoraRegionPicker();
         break;
-    case device_role_picker:
+    case DeviceRolePicker:
-        DeviceRolePicker();
+        deviceRolePicker();
         break;
-    case radio_preset_picker:
+    case RadioPresetPicker:
-        RadioPresetPicker();
+        radioPresetPicker();
         break;
-    case frequency_slot:
+    case FrequencySlot:
         FrequencySlotPicker();
         break;
-    case no_timeout_lora_picker:
+    case NoTimeoutLoraPicker:
         LoraRegionPicker(0);
         break;
-    case TZ_picker:
+    case TzPicker:
         TZPicker();
         break;
-    case twelve_hour_picker:
+    case TwelveHourPicker:
-        TwelveHourPicker();
+        twelveHourPicker();
         break;
-    case clock_face_picker:
+    case ClockFacePicker:
-        ClockFacePicker();
+        clockFacePicker();
         break;
-    case clock_menu:
+    case ClockMenu:
         clockMenu();
         break;
-    case system_base_menu:
+    case SystemBaseMenu:
         systemBaseMenu();
         break;
-    case position_base_menu:
+    case PositionBaseMenu:
         positionBaseMenu();
         break;
-    case node_base_menu:
+    case NodeBaseMenu:
         nodeListMenu();
         break;
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GPS
-    case gps_toggle_menu:
+    case GpsToggleMenu:
         GPSToggleMenu();
         break;
-    case gps_format_menu:
+    case GpsFormatMenu:
         GPSFormatMenu();
         break;
-    case gps_smart_position_menu:
+    case GpsSmartPositionMenu:
         GPSSmartPositionMenu();
         break;
-    case gps_update_interval_menu:
+    case GpsUpdateIntervalMenu:
         GPSUpdateIntervalMenu();
         break;
-    case gps_position_broadcast_menu:
+    case GpsPositionBroadcastMenu:
         GPSPositionBroadcastMenu();
         break;
 #endif
-    case compass_point_north_menu:
+    case CompassPointNorthMenu:
         compassNorthMenu();
         break;
-    case reset_node_db_menu:
+    case ResetNodeDbMenu:
         resetNodeDBMenu();
         break;
-    case buzzermodemenupicker:
+    case BuzzerModeMenuPicker:
         BuzzerModeMenu();
         break;
-    case mui_picker:
+    case MuiPicker:
         switchToMUIMenu();
         break;
-    case tftcolormenupicker:
+    case TftColorMenuPicker:
         TFTColorPickerMenu(display);
         break;
-    case brightness_picker:
+    case BrightnessPicker:
         BrightnessPickerMenu();
         break;
-    case node_name_length_menu:
+    case NodeNameLengthMenu:
         nodeNameLengthMenu();
         break;
-    case reboot_menu:
+    case RebootMenu:
         rebootMenu();
         break;
-    case shutdown_menu:
+    case ShutdownMenu:
         shutdownMenu();
         break;
-    case NodePicker_menu:
+    case NodePickerMenu:
         NodePicker();
         break;
-    case Manage_Node_menu:
+    case ManageNodeMenu:
-        ManageNodeMenu();
+        manageNodeMenu();
         break;
-    case remove_favorite:
+    case RemoveFavorite:
         removeFavoriteMenu();
         break;
-    case trace_route_menu:
+    case TraceRouteMenu:
         traceRouteMenu();
         break;
-    case test_menu:
+    case TestMenu:
         testMenu();
         break;
-    case number_test:
+    case NumberTest:
         numberTest();
         break;
-    case wifi_toggle_menu:
+    case WifiToggleMenu:
         wifiToggleMenu();
         break;
-    case key_verification_init:
+    case KeyVerificationInit:
         keyVerificationInitMenu();
         break;
-    case key_verification_final_prompt:
+    case KeyVerificationFinalPrompt:
         keyVerificationFinalPrompt();
         break;
-    case bluetooth_toggle_menu:
+    case BluetoothToggleMenu:
-        BluetoothToggleMenu();
+        bluetoothToggleMenu();
         break;
-    case screen_options_menu:
+    case ScreenOptionsMenu:
         screenOptionsMenu();
         break;
-    case power_menu:
+    case PowerMenu:
         powerMenu();
         break;
     case FrameToggles:
-        FrameToggles_menu();
+        frameTogglesMenu();
         break;
     case DisplayUnits:
-        DisplayUnits_menu();
+        displayUnitsMenu();
         break;
-    case throttle_message:
+    case ThrottleMessage:
         screen->showSimpleBanner("Too Many Attempts\nTry again in 60 seconds.", 5000);
         break;
-    case message_response_menu:
+    case MessageResponseMenu:
         messageResponseMenu();
         break;
-    case reply_menu:
+    case ReplyMenu:
         replyMenu();
         break;
-    case delete_messages_menu:
+    case DeleteMessagesMenu:
         deleteMessagesMenu();
         break;
-    case message_viewmode_menu:
+    case MessageViewModeMenu:
         messageViewModeMenu();
         break;
+    case MessageBubblesMenu:
+        messageBubblesMenu();
+        break;
     }
-    menuQueue = menu_none;
+    menuQueue = MenuNone;
 }
 
 void menuHandler::saveUIConfig()

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.h

@@ -8,53 +8,54 @@ class menuHandler
 {
   public:
     enum screenMenus {
-        menu_none,
+        MenuNone,
-        lora_Menu,
+        LoraMenu,
-        lora_picker,
+        LoraPicker,
-        device_role_picker,
+        DeviceRolePicker,
-        radio_preset_picker,
+        RadioPresetPicker,
-        frequency_slot,
+        FrequencySlot,
-        no_timeout_lora_picker,
+        NoTimeoutLoraPicker,
-        TZ_picker,
+        TzPicker,
-        twelve_hour_picker,
+        TwelveHourPicker,
-        clock_face_picker,
+        ClockFacePicker,
-        clock_menu,
+        ClockMenu,
-        position_base_menu,
+        PositionBaseMenu,
-        node_base_menu,
+        NodeBaseMenu,
-        gps_toggle_menu,
+        GpsToggleMenu,
-        gps_format_menu,
+        GpsFormatMenu,
-        gps_smart_position_menu,
+        GpsSmartPositionMenu,
-        gps_update_interval_menu,
+        GpsUpdateIntervalMenu,
-        gps_position_broadcast_menu,
+        GpsPositionBroadcastMenu,
-        compass_point_north_menu,
+        CompassPointNorthMenu,
-        reset_node_db_menu,
+        ResetNodeDbMenu,
-        buzzermodemenupicker,
+        BuzzerModeMenuPicker,
-        mui_picker,
+        MuiPicker,
-        tftcolormenupicker,
+        TftColorMenuPicker,
-        brightness_picker,
+        BrightnessPicker,
-        reboot_menu,
+        RebootMenu,
-        shutdown_menu,
+        ShutdownMenu,
-        NodePicker_menu,
+        NodePickerMenu,
-        Manage_Node_menu,
+        ManageNodeMenu,
-        remove_favorite,
+        RemoveFavorite,
-        test_menu,
+        TestMenu,
-        number_test,
+        NumberTest,
-        wifi_toggle_menu,
+        WifiToggleMenu,
-        bluetooth_toggle_menu,
+        BluetoothToggleMenu,
-        screen_options_menu,
+        ScreenOptionsMenu,
-        power_menu,
+        PowerMenu,
-        system_base_menu,
+        SystemBaseMenu,
-        key_verification_init,
+        KeyVerificationInit,
-        key_verification_final_prompt,
+        KeyVerificationFinalPrompt,
-        trace_route_menu,
+        TraceRouteMenu,
-        throttle_message,
+        ThrottleMessage,
-        message_response_menu,
+        MessageResponseMenu,
-        message_viewmode_menu,
+        MessageViewModeMenu,
-        reply_menu,
+        ReplyMenu,
-        delete_messages_menu,
+        DeleteMessagesMenu,
-        node_name_length_menu,
+        NodeNameLengthMenu,
         FrameToggles,
-        DisplayUnits
+        DisplayUnits,
+        MessageBubblesMenu
     };
     static screenMenus menuQueue;
     static uint32_t pickedNodeNum; // node selected by NodePicker for ManageNodeMenu
@@ -62,15 +63,15 @@ class menuHandler
     static void OnboardMessage();
     static void LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration = 30000);
     static void loraMenu();
-    static void DeviceRolePicker();
+    static void deviceRolePicker();
-    static void RadioPresetPicker();
+    static void radioPresetPicker();
     static void FrequencySlotPicker();
     static void handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display);
     static void showConfirmationBanner(const char *message, std::function<void()> onConfirm);
     static void clockMenu();
     static void TZPicker();
-    static void TwelveHourPicker();
+    static void twelveHourPicker();
-    static void ClockFacePicker();
+    static void clockFacePicker();
     static void messageResponseMenu();
     static void messageViewModeMenu();
     static void replyMenu();
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class menuHandler
     static void rebootMenu();
     static void shutdownMenu();
     static void NodePicker();
-    static void ManageNodeMenu();
+    static void manageNodeMenu();
     static void addFavoriteMenu();
     static void removeFavoriteMenu();
     static void traceRouteMenu();
@@ -106,15 +107,16 @@ class menuHandler
     static void screenOptionsMenu();
     static void powerMenu();
     static void nodeNameLengthMenu();
-    static void FrameToggles_menu();
+    static void frameTogglesMenu();
-    static void DisplayUnits_menu();
+    static void displayUnitsMenu();
+    static void messageBubblesMenu();
     static void textMessageMenu();
 
   private:
     static void saveUIConfig();
     static void keyVerificationInitMenu();
     static void keyVerificationFinalPrompt();
-    static void BluetoothToggleMenu();
+    static void bluetoothToggleMenu();
 };
 
 /* Generic Menu Options designations  */
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ struct ScreenColor {
     uint8_t b;
     bool useVariant;
 
-    ScreenColor(uint8_t rIn = 0, uint8_t gIn = 0, uint8_t bIn = 0, bool variantIn = false)
+    explicit ScreenColor(uint8_t rIn = 0, uint8_t gIn = 0, uint8_t bIn = 0, bool variantIn = false)
         : r(rIn), g(gIn), b(bIn), useVariant(variantIn)
     {
     }

src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "MessageStore.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
-#include "configuration.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h"
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@
 
 // External declarations
 extern bool hasUnreadMessage;
-extern meshtastic_DeviceState devicestate;
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 
 using graphics::Emote;
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ static inline size_t utf8CharLen(uint8_t c)
 }
 
 // Remove variation selectors (FE0F) and skin tone modifiers from emoji so they match your labels
-std::string normalizeEmoji(const std::string &s)
+static std::string normalizeEmoji(const std::string &s)
 {
     std::string out;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size();) {
@@ -82,6 +80,7 @@ uint32_t pauseStart = 0;
 bool waitingToReset = false;
 bool scrollStarted = false;
 static bool didReset = false;
+static constexpr int MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP = 6;
 
 void scrollUp()
 {
@@ -111,22 +110,6 @@ void scrollDown()
 
 void drawStringWithEmotes(OLEDDisplay *display, int x, int y, const std::string &line, const Emote *emotes, int emoteCount)
 {
-    std::string renderLine;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < line.size();) {
-        uint8_t c = (uint8_t)line[i];
-        size_t len = utf8CharLen(c);
-        if (c == 0xEF && i + 2 < line.size() && (uint8_t)line[i + 1] == 0xB8 && (uint8_t)line[i + 2] == 0x8F) {
-            i += 3;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (c == 0xF0 && i + 3 < line.size() && (uint8_t)line[i + 1] == 0x9F && (uint8_t)line[i + 2] == 0x8F &&
-            ((uint8_t)line[i + 3] >= 0xBB && (uint8_t)line[i + 3] <= 0xBF)) {
-            i += 4;
-            continue;
-        }
-        renderLine.append(line, i, len);
-        i += len;
-    }
     int cursorX = x;
     const int fontHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
 
@@ -203,8 +186,7 @@ void drawStringWithEmotes(OLEDDisplay *display, int x, int y, const std::string
 
         // Render the emote (if found)
         if (matchedEmote && i == nextEmotePos) {
-            // Vertically center emote relative to font baseline (not just midline)
+            int iconY = y + (lineHeight - matchedEmote->height) / 2;
-            int iconY = fontY + (fontHeight - matchedEmote->height) / 2;
             display->drawXbm(cursorX, iconY, matchedEmote->width, matchedEmote->height, matchedEmote->bitmap);
             cursorX += matchedEmote->width + 1;
             i += emojiLen;
@@ -423,6 +405,63 @@ static inline int getRenderedLineWidth(OLEDDisplay *display, const std::string &
     return totalWidth;
 }
 
+struct MessageBlock {
+    size_t start;
+    size_t end;
+    bool mine;
+};
+
+static int getDrawnLinePixelBottom(int lineTopY, const std::string &line, bool isHeaderLine)
+{
+    if (isHeaderLine) {
+        return lineTopY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
+    }
+
+    int tallest = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+    for (int e = 0; e < numEmotes; ++e) {
+        if (line.find(emotes[e].label) != std::string::npos) {
+            if (emotes[e].height > tallest)
+                tallest = emotes[e].height;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int lineHeight = std::max(FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, tallest);
+    const int iconTop = lineTopY + (lineHeight - tallest) / 2;
+
+    return iconTop + tallest - 1;
+}
+
+static std::vector<MessageBlock> buildMessageBlocks(const std::vector<bool> &isHeaderVec, const std::vector<bool> &isMineVec)
+{
+    std::vector<MessageBlock> blocks;
+    if (isHeaderVec.empty())
+        return blocks;
+
+    size_t start = 0;
+    bool mine = isMineVec[0];
+
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < isHeaderVec.size(); ++i) {
+        if (isHeaderVec[i]) {
+            MessageBlock b;
+            b.start = start;
+            b.end = i - 1;
+            b.mine = mine;
+            blocks.push_back(b);
+
+            start = i;
+            mine = isMineVec[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    MessageBlock last;
+    last.start = start;
+    last.end = isHeaderVec.size() - 1;
+    last.mine = mine;
+    blocks.push_back(last);
+
+    return blocks;
+}
+
 static void drawMessageScrollbar(OLEDDisplay *display, int visibleHeight, int totalHeight, int scrollOffset, int startY)
 {
     if (totalHeight <= visibleHeight)
@@ -482,9 +521,18 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
     constexpr int LEFT_MARGIN = 2;
     constexpr int RIGHT_MARGIN = 2;
     constexpr int SCROLLBAR_WIDTH = 3;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_X = 3;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_Y = 4;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_RADIUS = 4;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_MIN_W = 24;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT = 2;
 
-    const int leftTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+    // Check if bubbles are enabled
+    const bool showBubbles = config.display.enable_message_bubbles;
+    const int textIndent = showBubbles ? (BUBBLE_PAD_X + BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT) : LEFT_MARGIN;
 
+    // Derived widths
+    const int leftTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN - (showBubbles ? (BUBBLE_PAD_X * 2) : 0);
     const int rightTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH;
 
     // Title string depending on mode
@@ -547,7 +595,28 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
         char chanType[32] = "";
         if (currentMode == ThreadMode::ALL) {
             if (m.dest == NODENUM_BROADCAST) {
-                snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "#%s", channels.getName(m.channelIndex));
+                const char *name = channels.getName(m.channelIndex);
+                if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::Low || currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
+                    if (strcmp(name, "ShortTurbo") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortT";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "ShortSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "ShortFast") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "MediumSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "MedS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "MediumFast") == 0)
+                        name = "MedF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "LongS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongFast") == 0)
+                        name = "LongF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongTurbo") == 0)
+                        name = "LongT";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongMod") == 0)
+                        name = "LongM";
+                }
+                snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "#%s", name);
             } else {
                 snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "(DM)");
             }
@@ -614,8 +683,8 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
         }
 
         // Shrink Sender name if needed
-        int availWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - display->getStringWidth(timeBuf) - display->getStringWidth(chanType) -
+        int availWidth = (mine ? rightTextWidth : leftTextWidth) - display->getStringWidth(timeBuf) -
-                         display->getStringWidth(" @...") - 10;
+                         display->getStringWidth(chanType) - display->getStringWidth("   @...");
         if (availWidth < 0)
             availWidth = 0;
 
@@ -667,6 +736,8 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
     cachedLines = allLines;
     cachedHeights = calculateLineHeights(cachedLines, emotes, isHeader);
 
+    std::vector<MessageBlock> blocks = buildMessageBlocks(isHeader, isMine);
+
     // Scrolling logic (unchanged)
     int totalHeight = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedHeights.size(); ++i)
@@ -714,12 +785,124 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
 
     int finalScroll = (int)scrollY;
     int yOffset = -finalScroll + getTextPositions(display)[1];
+    const int contentTop = getTextPositions(display)[1];
+    const int contentBottom = scrollBottom; // already excludes nav line
+    const int rightEdge = SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+    const int bubbleGapY = std::max(1, MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP / 2);
+
+    std::vector<int> lineTop;
+    lineTop.resize(cachedLines.size());
+    {
+        int acc = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedLines.size(); ++i) {
+            lineTop[i] = yOffset + acc;
+            acc += cachedHeights[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw bubbles (only if enabled)
+    if (showBubbles) {
+        for (size_t bi = 0; bi < blocks.size(); ++bi) {
+            const auto &b = blocks[bi];
+            if (b.start >= cachedLines.size() || b.end >= cachedLines.size() || b.start > b.end)
+                continue;
+
+            int visualTop = lineTop[b.start];
+
+            int topY;
+            if (isHeader[b.start]) {
+                // Header start
+                constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_TOP_HEADER = 1; // try 1 or 2
+                topY = visualTop - BUBBLE_PAD_TOP_HEADER;
+            } else {
+                // Body start
+                bool thisLineHasEmote = false;
+                for (int e = 0; e < numEmotes; ++e) {
+                    if (cachedLines[b.start].find(emotes[e].label) != std::string::npos) {
+                        thisLineHasEmote = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (thisLineHasEmote) {
+                    constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE = 4;
+                    visualTop -= EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE;
+                }
+                topY = visualTop - BUBBLE_PAD_Y;
+            }
+            int visualBottom = getDrawnLinePixelBottom(lineTop[b.end], cachedLines[b.end], isHeader[b.end]);
+            int bottomY = visualBottom + BUBBLE_PAD_Y;
+
+            if (bi + 1 < blocks.size()) {
+                int nextHeaderIndex = (int)blocks[bi + 1].start;
+                int nextTop = lineTop[nextHeaderIndex];
+                int maxBottom = nextTop - 1 - bubbleGapY;
+                if (bottomY > maxBottom)
+                    bottomY = maxBottom;
+            }
+
+            if (bottomY <= topY + 2)
+                continue;
+
+            if (bottomY < contentTop || topY > contentBottom - 1)
+                continue;
+
+            int maxLineW = 0;
+
+            for (size_t i = b.start; i <= b.end; ++i) {
+                int w = 0;
+                if (isHeader[i]) {
+                    w = display->getStringWidth(cachedLines[i].c_str());
+                    if (b.mine)
+                        w += 12; // room for ACK/NACK/relay mark
+                } else {
+                    w = getRenderedLineWidth(display, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
+                }
+                if (w > maxLineW)
+                    maxLineW = w;
+            }
+
+            int bubbleW = std::max(BUBBLE_MIN_W, maxLineW + (textIndent * 2));
+            int bubbleH = (bottomY - topY) + 1;
+            int bubbleX = 0;
+            if (b.mine) {
+                bubbleX = rightEdge - bubbleW;
+            } else {
+                bubbleX = x;
+            }
+            if (bubbleX < x)
+                bubbleX = x;
+            if (bubbleX + bubbleW > rightEdge)
+                bubbleW = std::max(1, rightEdge - bubbleX);
+
+            // Draw rounded rectangle bubble
+            if (bubbleW > BUBBLE_RADIUS * 2 && bubbleH > BUBBLE_RADIUS * 2) {
+                const int r = BUBBLE_RADIUS;
+                const int bx = bubbleX;
+                const int by = topY;
+                const int bw = bubbleW;
+                const int bh = bubbleH;
+
+                // Draw the 4 corner arcs using drawCircleQuads
+                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + r, r, 0x2);                   // Top-left
+                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + r, r, 0x1);          // Top-right
+                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x4);          // Bottom-left
+                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x8); // Bottom-right
+
+                // Draw the 4 edges between corners
+                display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by, bw - 2 * r);          // Top edge
+                display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by + bh - 1, bw - 2 * r); // Bottom edge
+                display->drawVerticalLine(bx, by + r, bh - 2 * r);            // Left edge
+                display->drawVerticalLine(bx + bw - 1, by + r, bh - 2 * r);   // Right edge
+            } else if (bubbleW > 1 && bubbleH > 1) {
+                // Fallback to simple rectangle for very small bubbles
+                display->drawRect(bubbleX, topY, bubbleW, bubbleH);
+            }
+        }
+    } // end if (showBubbles)
 
     // Render visible lines
+    int lineY = yOffset;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedLines.size(); ++i) {
-        int lineY = yOffset;
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < i; ++j)
-            lineY += cachedHeights[j];
 
         if (lineY > -cachedHeights[i] && lineY < scrollBottom) {
             if (isHeader[i]) {
@@ -728,14 +911,28 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                 int headerX;
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     // push header left to avoid overlap with scrollbar
-                    headerX = SCREEN_WIDTH - w - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+                    headerX = (SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN) - w - (showBubbles ? textIndent : 0);
                     if (headerX < LEFT_MARGIN)
                         headerX = LEFT_MARGIN;
                 } else {
-                    headerX = x;
+                    headerX = x + textIndent;
                 }
                 display->drawString(headerX, lineY, cachedLines[i].c_str());
 
+                // Draw underline just under header text
+                int underlineY = lineY + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+
+                int underlineW = w;
+                int maxW = rightEdge - headerX;
+                if (maxW < 0)
+                    maxW = 0;
+                if (underlineW > maxW)
+                    underlineW = maxW;
+
+                for (int px = 0; px < underlineW; ++px) {
+                    display->setPixel(headerX + px, underlineY);
+                }
+
                 // Draw ACK/NACK mark for our own messages
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     int markX = headerX - 10;
@@ -753,32 +950,27 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                     // AckStatus::NONE → show nothing
                 }
 
-                // Draw underline just under header text
-                int underlineY = lineY + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
-                for (int px = 0; px < w; ++px) {
-                    display->setPixel(headerX + px, underlineY);
-                }
             } else {
                 // Render message line
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     // Calculate actual rendered width including emotes
                     int renderedWidth = getRenderedLineWidth(display, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
-                    int rightX = SCREEN_WIDTH - renderedWidth - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+                    int rightX = (SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN) - renderedWidth - (showBubbles ? textIndent : 0);
                     if (rightX < LEFT_MARGIN)
                         rightX = LEFT_MARGIN;
 
                     drawStringWithEmotes(display, rightX, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
                 } else {
-                    drawStringWithEmotes(display, x, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
+                    drawStringWithEmotes(display, x + textIndent, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        lineY += cachedHeights[i];
     }
-    int totalContentHeight = totalHeight;
-    int visibleHeight = usableHeight;
 
     // Draw scrollbar
-    drawMessageScrollbar(display, visibleHeight, totalContentHeight, finalScroll, getTextPositions(display)[1]);
+    drawMessageScrollbar(display, usableHeight, totalHeight, finalScroll, getTextPositions(display)[1]);
     graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
     graphics::drawCommonFooter(display, x, y);
 }
@@ -841,7 +1033,6 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
     constexpr int HEADER_UNDERLINE_GAP = 0; // space between underline and first body line
     constexpr int HEADER_UNDERLINE_PIX = 1; // underline thickness (1px row drawn)
     constexpr int BODY_LINE_LEADING = -4;   // default vertical leading for normal body lines
-    constexpr int MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP = 4;    // gap after a message block before a new header
     constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE = 4;  // space above emote line (added to line above)
     constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_BELOW = 3;  // space below emote line (added to emote line)
 
@@ -851,6 +1042,7 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < lines.size(); ++idx) {
         const auto &line = lines[idx];
         const int baseHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        int lineHeight = baseHeight;
 
         // Detect if THIS line or NEXT line contains an emote
         bool hasEmote = false;
@@ -872,8 +1064,6 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
             }
         }
 
-        int lineHeight = baseHeight;
-
         if (isHeaderVec[idx]) {
             // Header line spacing
             lineHeight = baseHeight + HEADER_UNDERLINE_PIX + HEADER_UNDERLINE_GAP;
@@ -922,7 +1112,7 @@ void handleNewMessage(OLEDDisplay *display, const StoredMessage &sm, const mesht
 
         // Banner logic
         const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(packet.from);
-        char longName[48] = "???";
+        char longName[48] = "?";
         if (node && node->user.long_name) {
             strncpy(longName, node->user.long_name, sizeof(longName) - 1);
             longName[sizeof(longName) - 1] = '\0';

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applet.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/Tile.h"
+#include <cstdint>
 #ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
 
 #include "./Applet.h"
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ InkHUD::Tile *InkHUD::Applet::getTile()
 }
 
 // Draw the applet
-void InkHUD::Applet::render()
+void InkHUD::Applet::render(bool full)
 {
     assert(assignedTile);                              // Ensure that we have a tile
     assert(assignedTile->getAssignedApplet() == this); // Ensure that we have a reciprocal link with the tile
@@ -65,10 +67,11 @@ void InkHUD::Applet::render()
     wantRender = false;                                       // Flag set by requestUpdate
     wantAutoshow = false;                                     // Flag set by requestAutoShow. May or may not have been honored.
     wantUpdateType = Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED; // Update type we wanted. May on may not have been granted.
+    wantFullRender = true;                                    // Default to a full render
 
     updateDimensions();
     resetDrawingSpace();
-    onRender(); // Derived applet's drawing takes place here
+    onRender(full); // Draw the applet
 
     // Handle "Tile Highlighting"
     // Some devices may use an auxiliary button to switch between tiles
@@ -115,6 +118,11 @@ Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes InkHUD::Applet::wantsUpdateType()
     return wantUpdateType;
 }
 
+bool InkHUD::Applet::wantsFullRender()
+{
+    return wantFullRender;
+}
+
 // Get size of the applet's drawing space from its tile
 // Performed immediately before derived applet's drawing code runs
 void InkHUD::Applet::updateDimensions()
@@ -142,10 +150,11 @@ void InkHUD::Applet::resetDrawingSpace()
 // Once the renderer has given other applets a chance to process whatever event we just detected,
 // it will run Applet::render(), which may draw our applet to screen, if it is shown (foreground)
 // We should requestUpdate even if our applet is currently background, because this might be changed by autoshow
-void InkHUD::Applet::requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type)
+void InkHUD::Applet::requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type, bool full)
 {
     wantRender = true;
     wantUpdateType = type;
+    wantFullRender = full;
     inkhud->requestUpdate();
 }
 
@@ -778,6 +787,16 @@ void InkHUD::Applet::drawHeader(std::string text)
         drawPixel(x, 0, BLACK);
         drawPixel(x, headerDivY, BLACK); // Dotted 50%
     }
+
+    // Dither near battery
+    if (settings->optionalFeatures.batteryIcon) {
+        constexpr uint16_t ditherSizePx = 4;
+        Tile *batteryTile = ((Applet *)inkhud->getSystemApplet("BatteryIcon"))->getTile();
+        const uint16_t batteryTileLeft = batteryTile->getLeft();
+        const uint16_t batteryTileTop = batteryTile->getTop();
+        const uint16_t batteryTileHeight = batteryTile->getHeight();
+        hatchRegion(batteryTileLeft - ditherSizePx, batteryTileTop, ditherSizePx, batteryTileHeight, 2, WHITE);
+    }
 }
 
 // Get the height of the standard applet header

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applet.h

@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ class Applet : public GFX
 
     // Rendering
 
-    void render();                                // Draw the applet
+    void render(bool full);                       // Draw the applet
     bool wantsToRender();                         // Check whether applet wants to render
     bool wantsToAutoshow();                       // Check whether applet wants to become foreground
     Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes wantsUpdateType(); // Check which display update type the applet would prefer
+    bool wantsFullRender();                       // Check whether applet wants to render over its previous render
     void updateDimensions();                      // Get current size from tile
     void resetDrawingSpace();                     // Makes sure every render starts with same parameters
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ class Applet : public GFX
 
     // Event handlers
 
-    virtual void onRender() = 0; // All drawing happens here
+    virtual void onRender(bool full) = 0; // For drawing the applet
     virtual void onActivate() {}
     virtual void onDeactivate() {}
     virtual void onForeground() {}
@@ -96,6 +97,9 @@ class Applet : public GFX
     virtual void onNavDown() {}
     virtual void onNavLeft() {}
     virtual void onNavRight() {}
+    virtual void onFreeText(char c) {}
+    virtual void onFreeTextDone() {}
+    virtual void onFreeTextCancel() {}
 
     virtual bool approveNotification(Notification &n); // Allow an applet to veto a notification
 
@@ -108,8 +112,9 @@ class Applet : public GFX
   protected:
     void drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) override; // Place a single pixel. All drawing output passes through here
 
-    void requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes type = EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED); // Ask WindowManager to schedule a display update
+    void requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes type = EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED,
-    void requestAutoshow();                                                      // Ask for applet to be moved to foreground
+                       bool full = true); // Ask WindowManager to schedule a display update
+    void requestAutoshow();               // Ask for applet to be moved to foreground
 
     uint16_t X(float f);                                                      // Map applet width, mapped from 0 to 1.0
     uint16_t Y(float f);                                                      // Map applet height, mapped from 0 to 1.0
@@ -164,6 +169,7 @@ class Applet : public GFX
     bool wantAutoshow = false; // Does the applet have new data it would like to display in foreground?
     NicheGraphics::Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes wantUpdateType =
         NicheGraphics::Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED; // Which update method we'd prefer when redrawing the display
+    bool wantFullRender = true;                                 // Render with a fresh canvas
 
     using GFX::setFont;     // Make sure derived classes use AppletFont instead of AdafruitGFX fonts directly
     using GFX::setRotation; // Block setRotation calls. Rotation is handled globally by WindowManager.

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Bases/Map/MapApplet.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
-void InkHUD::MapApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::MapApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Abort if no markers to render
     if (!enoughMarkers()) {

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Bases/Map/MapApplet.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 class MapApplet : public Applet
 {
   public:
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
   protected:
     virtual bool shouldDrawNode(meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node) { return true; } // Allow derived applets to filter the nodes

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Bases/NodeList/NodeListApplet.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ uint8_t InkHUD::NodeListApplet::maxCards()
 }
 
 // Draw, using info which derived applet placed into NodeListApplet::cards for us
-void InkHUD::NodeListApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::NodeListApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
 
     // ================================

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Bases/NodeList/NodeListApplet.h

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class NodeListApplet : public Applet, public MeshModule
   public:
     NodeListApplet(const char *name);
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     bool wantPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override;
     ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Examples/BasicExample/BasicExampleApplet.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
 // All drawing happens here
 // Our basic example doesn't do anything useful. It just passively prints some text.
-void InkHUD::BasicExampleApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::BasicExampleApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     printAt(0, 0, "Hello, World!");
 

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Examples/BasicExample/BasicExampleApplet.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class BasicExampleApplet : public Applet
     // You must have an onRender() method
     // All drawing happens here
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Examples/NewMsgExample/NewMsgExampleApplet.cpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ ProcessMessage InkHUD::NewMsgExampleApplet::handleReceived(const meshtastic_Mesh
 // We can trigger a render by calling requestUpdate()
 // Render might be called by some external source
 // We should always be ready to draw
-void InkHUD::NewMsgExampleApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::NewMsgExampleApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     printAt(0, 0, "Example: NewMsg", LEFT, TOP); // Print top-left corner of text at (0,0)
 

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Examples/NewMsgExample/NewMsgExampleApplet.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class NewMsgExampleApplet : public Applet, public SinglePortModule
     NewMsgExampleApplet() : SinglePortModule("NewMsgExampleApplet", meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP) {}
 
     // All drawing happens here
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     // Your applet might also want to use some of these
     // Useful for setting up or tidying up

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/AlignStick/AlignStickApplet.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::AlignStickApplet()
         bringToForeground();
 }
 
-void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     setFont(fontMedium);
     printAt(0, 0, "Align Joystick:");
@@ -152,19 +152,17 @@ void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onBackground()
 
     // Need to force an update, as a polite request wouldn't be honored, seeing how we are now in the background
     // Usually, onBackground is followed by another applet's onForeground (which requests update), but not in this case
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onButtonLongPress()
 {
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onExitLong()
 {
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavUp()
@@ -172,7 +170,6 @@ void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavUp()
     settings->joystick.aligned = true;
 
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavDown()
@@ -181,7 +178,6 @@ void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavDown()
     settings->joystick.aligned = true;
 
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavLeft()
@@ -190,7 +186,6 @@ void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavLeft()
     settings->joystick.aligned = true;
 
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavRight()
@@ -199,7 +194,6 @@ void InkHUD::AlignStickApplet::onNavRight()
     settings->joystick.aligned = true;
 
     sendToBackground();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 #endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/AlignStick/AlignStickApplet.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AlignStickApplet : public SystemApplet
   public:
     AlignStickApplet();
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     void onForeground() override;
     void onBackground() override;
     void onButtonLongPress() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/BatteryIcon/BatteryIconApplet.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
 InkHUD::BatteryIconApplet::BatteryIconApplet()
 {
+    alwaysRender = true; // render everytime the screen is updated
+
     // Show at boot, if user has previously enabled the feature
     if (settings->optionalFeatures.batteryIcon)
         bringToForeground();
@@ -44,39 +46,29 @@ int InkHUD::BatteryIconApplet::onPowerStatusUpdate(const meshtastic::Status *sta
     return 0; // Tell Observable to continue informing other observers
 }
 
-void InkHUD::BatteryIconApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::BatteryIconApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
-    // Fill entire tile
+    // Clear the region beneath the tile, including the border
-    // - size of icon controlled by size of tile
-    int16_t l = 0;
-    int16_t t = 0;
-    uint16_t w = width();
-    int16_t h = height();
-
-    // Clear the region beneath the tile
     // Most applets are drawing onto an empty frame buffer and don't need to do this
     // We do need to do this with the battery though, as it is an "overlay"
-    fillRect(l, t, w, h, WHITE);
+    fillRect(0, 0, width(), height(), WHITE);
-
-    // Vertical centerline
-    const int16_t m = t + (h / 2);
 
     // =====================
     // Draw battery outline
     // =====================
 
     // Positive terminal "bump"
-    const int16_t &bumpL = l;
-    const uint16_t bumpH = h / 2;
-    const int16_t bumpT = m - (bumpH / 2);
     constexpr uint16_t bumpW = 2;
+    const int16_t &bumpL = 1;
+    const uint16_t bumpH = (height() - 2) / 2;
+    const int16_t bumpT = (1 + ((height() - 2) / 2)) - (bumpH / 2);
     fillRect(bumpL, bumpT, bumpW, bumpH, BLACK);
 
     // Main body of battery
-    const int16_t bodyL = bumpL + bumpW;
+    const int16_t bodyL = 1 + bumpW;
-    const int16_t &bodyT = t;
+    const int16_t &bodyT = 1;
-    const int16_t &bodyH = h;
+    const int16_t &bodyH = height() - 2;         // Handle top/bottom padding
-    const int16_t bodyW = w - bumpW;
+    const int16_t bodyW = (width() - 1) - bumpW; // Handle 1px left pad
     drawRect(bodyL, bodyT, bodyW, bodyH, BLACK);
 
     // Erase join between bump and body
@@ -87,12 +79,13 @@ void InkHUD::BatteryIconApplet::onRender()
     // ===================
 
     constexpr int16_t slicePad = 2;
-    const int16_t sliceL = bodyL + slicePad;
+    int16_t sliceL = bodyL + slicePad;
     const int16_t sliceT = bodyT + slicePad;
     const uint16_t sliceH = bodyH - (slicePad * 2);
     uint16_t sliceW = bodyW - (slicePad * 2);
 
-    sliceW = (sliceW * socRounded) / 100; // Apply percentage
+    sliceW = (sliceW * socRounded) / 100;          // Apply percentage
+    sliceL += ((bodyW - (slicePad * 2)) - sliceW); // Shift slice to the battery's negative terminal, correcting drain direction
 
     hatchRegion(sliceL, sliceT, sliceW, sliceH, 2, BLACK);
     drawRect(sliceL, sliceT, sliceW, sliceH, BLACK);

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/BatteryIcon/BatteryIconApplet.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class BatteryIconApplet : public SystemApplet
   public:
     BatteryIconApplet();
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     int onPowerStatusUpdate(const meshtastic::Status *status); // Called when new info about battery is available
 
   private:

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+#include "./KeyboardApplet.h"
+
+using namespace NicheGraphics;
+
+InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::KeyboardApplet()
+{
+    // Calculate row widths
+    for (uint8_t row = 0; row < KBD_ROWS; row++) {
+        rowWidths[row] = 0;
+        for (uint8_t col = 0; col < KBD_COLS; col++)
+            rowWidths[row] += keyWidths[row * KBD_COLS + col];
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onRender(bool full)
+{
+    uint16_t em = fontSmall.lineHeight(); // 16 pt
+    uint16_t keyH = Y(1.0) / KBD_ROWS;
+    int16_t keyTopPadding = (keyH - fontSmall.lineHeight()) / 2;
+
+    if (full) { // Draw full keyboard
+        for (uint8_t row = 0; row < KBD_ROWS; row++) {
+
+            // Calculate the remaining space to be used as padding
+            int16_t keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
+
+            // Draw keys
+            uint16_t xPos = 0;
+            for (uint8_t col = 0; col < KBD_COLS; col++) {
+                Color fgcolor = BLACK;
+                uint8_t index = row * KBD_COLS + col;
+                uint16_t keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + ((col * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
+                uint16_t keyY = row * keyH;
+                uint16_t keyW = (keyWidths[index] * em) >> 4;
+                if (index == selectedKey) {
+                    fgcolor = WHITE;
+                    fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, BLACK);
+                }
+                drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[index], fgcolor);
+                xPos += keyWidths[index];
+            }
+        }
+    } else { // Only draw the difference
+        if (selectedKey != prevSelectedKey) {
+            // Draw previously selected key
+            uint8_t row = prevSelectedKey / KBD_COLS;
+            int16_t keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
+            uint16_t xPos = 0;
+            for (uint8_t i = prevSelectedKey - (prevSelectedKey % KBD_COLS); i < prevSelectedKey; i++)
+                xPos += keyWidths[i];
+            uint16_t keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + (((prevSelectedKey % KBD_COLS) * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
+            uint16_t keyY = row * keyH;
+            uint16_t keyW = (keyWidths[prevSelectedKey] * em) >> 4;
+            fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, WHITE);
+            drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[prevSelectedKey], BLACK);
+
+            // Draw newly selected key
+            row = selectedKey / KBD_COLS;
+            keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
+            xPos = 0;
+            for (uint8_t i = selectedKey - (selectedKey % KBD_COLS); i < selectedKey; i++)
+                xPos += keyWidths[i];
+            keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + (((selectedKey % KBD_COLS) * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
+            keyY = row * keyH;
+            keyW = (keyWidths[selectedKey] * em) >> 4;
+            fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, BLACK);
+            drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[selectedKey], WHITE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    prevSelectedKey = selectedKey;
+}
+
+// Draw the key label corresponding to the char
+// for most keys it draws the character itself
+// for ['\b', '\n', ' ', '\x1b'] it draws special glyphs
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, char key, Color color)
+{
+    if (key == '\b') {
+        // Draw backspace glyph: 13 x 9 px
+        /**
+         *         [][][][][][][][][]
+         *       [][]              []
+         *     [][]    []      []  []
+         *   [][]        []  []    []
+         * [][]            []      []
+         *   [][]        []  []    []
+         *     [][]    []      []  []
+         *       [][]              []
+         *         [][][][][][][][][]
+         */
+        const uint8_t bsBitmap[] = {0x0f, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x08, 0x32, 0x28, 0x61, 0x48, 0xc0,
+                                    0x88, 0x61, 0x48, 0x32, 0x28, 0x18, 0x08, 0x0f, 0xf8};
+        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 13) >> 1;
+        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, bsBitmap, 13, 9, color);
+    } else if (key == '\n') {
+        // Draw done glyph: 12 x 9 px
+        /**
+         *                     [][]
+         *                   [][]
+         *                 [][]
+         *               [][]
+         *             [][]
+         * [][]      [][]
+         *   [][]  [][]
+         *     [][][]
+         *       []
+         */
+        const uint8_t doneBitmap[] = {0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x80, 0x03,
+                                      0x00, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00};
+        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 12) >> 1;
+        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, doneBitmap, 12, 9, color);
+    } else if (key == ' ') {
+        // Draw space glyph: 13 x 9 px
+        /**
+         *
+         *
+         *
+         *
+         * []                      []
+         * []                      []
+         * [][][][][][][][][][][][][]
+         *
+         *
+         */
+        const uint8_t spaceBitmap[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                                       0x08, 0x80, 0x08, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 13) >> 1;
+        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, spaceBitmap, 13, 9, color);
+    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
+        setTextColor(color);
+        std::string keyText = "ESC";
+        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - getTextWidth(keyText)) >> 1;
+        printAt(left + leftPadding, top, keyText);
+    } else {
+        setTextColor(color);
+        if (key >= 0x61)
+            key -= 32; // capitalize
+        std::string keyText = std::string(1, key);
+        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - getTextWidth(keyText)) >> 1;
+        printAt(left + leftPadding, top, keyText);
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onForeground()
+{
+    handleInput = true; // Intercept the button input for our applet
+
+    // Select the first key
+    selectedKey = 0;
+    prevSelectedKey = 0;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onBackground()
+{
+    handleInput = false;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onButtonShortPress()
+{
+    char key = keys[selectedKey];
+    if (key == '\n') {
+        inkhud->freeTextDone();
+        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
+        inkhud->freeTextCancel();
+        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+    } else {
+        inkhud->freeText(key);
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onButtonLongPress()
+{
+    char key = keys[selectedKey];
+    if (key == '\n') {
+        inkhud->freeTextDone();
+        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
+        inkhud->freeTextCancel();
+        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+    } else {
+        if (key >= 0x61)
+            key -= 32; // capitalize
+        inkhud->freeText(key);
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onExitShort()
+{
+    inkhud->freeTextCancel();
+    inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onExitLong()
+{
+    inkhud->freeTextCancel();
+    inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavUp()
+{
+    if (selectedKey < KBD_COLS) // wrap
+        selectedKey += KBD_COLS * (KBD_ROWS - 1);
+    else // move 1 row back
+        selectedKey -= KBD_COLS;
+
+    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
+    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
+    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavDown()
+{
+    selectedKey += KBD_COLS;
+    selectedKey %= (KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS);
+
+    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
+    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
+    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavLeft()
+{
+    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == 0) // wrap
+        selectedKey += KBD_COLS - 1;
+    else // move 1 column back
+        selectedKey--;
+
+    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
+    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
+    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavRight()
+{
+    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == KBD_COLS - 1) // wrap
+        selectedKey -= KBD_COLS - 1;
+    else // move 1 column forward
+        selectedKey++;
+
+    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
+    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
+    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+uint16_t InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyboardHeight()
+{
+    const uint16_t keyH = fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
+    return keyH * KBD_ROWS;
+}
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+
+/*
+
+System Applet to render an on-screeen keyboard
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h"
+#include <string>
+namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+{
+
+class KeyboardApplet : public SystemApplet
+{
+  public:
+    KeyboardApplet();
+
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
+    void onForeground() override;
+    void onBackground() override;
+    void onButtonShortPress() override;
+    void onButtonLongPress() override;
+    void onExitShort() override;
+    void onExitLong() override;
+    void onNavUp() override;
+    void onNavDown() override;
+    void onNavLeft() override;
+    void onNavRight() override;
+
+    static uint16_t getKeyboardHeight(); // used to set the keyboard tile height
+
+  private:
+    void drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, char key, Color color);
+
+    static const uint8_t KBD_COLS = 11;
+    static const uint8_t KBD_ROWS = 4;
+
+    const char keys[KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS] = {
+        '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '\b',  // row 0
+        'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '\n',  // row 1
+        'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', '!', ' ',   // row 2
+        'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '?', '\x1b' // row 3
+    };
+
+    // This array represents the widths of each key in points
+    // 16 pt = line height of the text
+    const uint16_t keyWidths[KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS] = {
+        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 0
+        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 1
+        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 2
+        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 10, 10, 12, 40  // row 3
+    };
+
+    uint16_t rowWidths[KBD_ROWS];
+    uint8_t selectedKey = 0; // selected key index
+    uint8_t prevSelectedKey = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Logo/LogoApplet.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ InkHUD::LogoApplet::LogoApplet() : concurrency::OSThread("LogoApplet")
     // This is then drawn with a FULL refresh by Renderer::begin
 }
 
-void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Size  of the region which the logo should "scale to fit"
     uint16_t logoWLimit = X(0.8);
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onBackground()
 
     // Need to force an update, as a polite request wouldn't be honored, seeing how we are now in the background
     // Usually, onBackground is followed by another applet's onForeground (which requests update), but not in this case
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true);
 }
 
 // Begin displaying the screen which is shown at shutdown
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onShutdown()
     // Intention is to restore display health.
 
     inverted = true;
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, false);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, true, false);
     delay(1000); // Cooldown. Back to back updates aren't great for health.
     inverted = false;
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, false);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, true, false);
     delay(1000); // Cooldown
 
     // Prepare for the powered-off screen now
@@ -155,6 +155,18 @@ void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onShutdown()
     // This is then drawn by InkHUD::Events::onShutdown, with a blocking FULL update, after InkHUD's flash write is complete
 }
 
+void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onApplyingChanges()
+{
+    bringToForeground();
+
+    textLeft = "";
+    textRight = "";
+    textTitle = "Applying changes";
+    fontTitle = fontSmall;
+
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FAST, false);
+}
+
 void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onReboot()
 {
     bringToForeground();
@@ -164,7 +176,7 @@ void InkHUD::LogoApplet::onReboot()
     textTitle = "Rebooting...";
     fontTitle = fontSmall;
 
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, false);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::FULL, true, false);
     // Perform the update right now, waiting here until complete
 }
 

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Logo/LogoApplet.h

@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ class LogoApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
 {
   public:
     LogoApplet();
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     void onForeground() override;
     void onBackground() override;
     void onShutdown() override;
     void onReboot() override;
+    void onApplyingChanges();
 
   protected:
     int32_t runOnce() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuAction.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 enum MenuAction {
     NO_ACTION,
     SEND_PING,
+    FREE_TEXT,
     STORE_CANNEDMESSAGE_SELECTION,
     SEND_CANNEDMESSAGE,
     SHUTDOWN,
@@ -36,6 +37,84 @@ enum MenuAction {
     TOGGLE_NOTIFICATIONS,
     TOGGLE_INVERT_COLOR,
     TOGGLE_12H_CLOCK,
+    // Regions
+    SET_REGION_US,
+    SET_REGION_EU_868,
+    SET_REGION_EU_433,
+    SET_REGION_CN,
+    SET_REGION_JP,
+    SET_REGION_ANZ,
+    SET_REGION_KR,
+    SET_REGION_TW,
+    SET_REGION_RU,
+    SET_REGION_IN,
+    SET_REGION_NZ_865,
+    SET_REGION_TH,
+    SET_REGION_LORA_24,
+    SET_REGION_UA_433,
+    SET_REGION_UA_868,
+    SET_REGION_MY_433,
+    SET_REGION_MY_919,
+    SET_REGION_SG_923,
+    SET_REGION_PH_433,
+    SET_REGION_PH_868,
+    SET_REGION_PH_915,
+    SET_REGION_ANZ_433,
+    SET_REGION_KZ_433,
+    SET_REGION_KZ_863,
+    SET_REGION_NP_865,
+    SET_REGION_BR_902,
+    // Device Roles
+    SET_ROLE_CLIENT,
+    SET_ROLE_CLIENT_MUTE,
+    SET_ROLE_ROUTER,
+    SET_ROLE_REPEATER,
+    // Presets
+    SET_PRESET_LONG_SLOW,
+    SET_PRESET_LONG_MODERATE,
+    SET_PRESET_LONG_FAST,
+    SET_PRESET_MEDIUM_SLOW,
+    SET_PRESET_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    SET_PRESET_SHORT_SLOW,
+    SET_PRESET_SHORT_FAST,
+    SET_PRESET_SHORT_TURBO,
+    // Timezones
+    SET_TZ_US_HAWAII,
+    SET_TZ_US_ALASKA,
+    SET_TZ_US_PACIFIC,
+    SET_TZ_US_ARIZONA,
+    SET_TZ_US_MOUNTAIN,
+    SET_TZ_US_CENTRAL,
+    SET_TZ_US_EASTERN,
+    SET_TZ_BR_BRAZILIA,
+    SET_TZ_UTC,
+    SET_TZ_EU_WESTERN,
+    SET_TZ_EU_CENTRAL,
+    SET_TZ_EU_EASTERN,
+    SET_TZ_ASIA_KOLKATA,
+    SET_TZ_ASIA_HONG_KONG,
+    SET_TZ_AU_AWST,
+    SET_TZ_AU_ACST,
+    SET_TZ_AU_AEST,
+    SET_TZ_PACIFIC_NZ,
+    // Power
+    TOGGLE_POWER_SAVE,
+    CALIBRATE_ADC,
+    // Bluetooth
+    TOGGLE_BLUETOOTH,
+    TOGGLE_BLUETOOTH_PAIR_MODE,
+    // Channel
+    TOGGLE_CHANNEL_UPLINK,
+    TOGGLE_CHANNEL_DOWNLINK,
+    TOGGLE_CHANNEL_POSITION,
+    SET_CHANNEL_PRECISION,
+    // Display
+    TOGGLE_DISPLAY_UNITS,
+    // Network
+    TOGGLE_WIFI,
+    // Administration
+    RESET_NODEDB_ALL,
+    RESET_NODEDB_KEEP_FAVORITES,
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.h

@@ -32,9 +32,13 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     void onNavDown() override;
     void onNavLeft() override;
     void onNavRight() override;
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onFreeText(char c) override;
+    void onFreeTextDone() override;
+    void onFreeTextCancel() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     void show(Tile *t); // Open the menu, onto a user tile
+    void setStartPage(MenuPage page);
 
   protected:
     Drivers::LatchingBacklight *backlight = nullptr; // Convenient access to the backlight singleton
@@ -50,20 +54,32 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     void populateAutoshowPage();  // Dynamically create MenuItems for selecting which applets can autoshow
     void populateRecentsPage();   // Create menu items: a choice of values for settings.recentlyActiveSeconds
 
+    void drawInputField(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
+                        std::string text); // Draw input field for free text
     uint16_t getSystemInfoPanelHeight();
     void drawSystemInfoPanel(int16_t left, int16_t top, uint16_t width,
                              uint16_t *height = nullptr);                   // Info panel at top of root menu
     void sendText(NodeNum dest, ChannelIndex channel, const char *message); // Send a text message to mesh
     void freeCannedMessageResources();                                      // Clear MenuApplet's canned message processing data
 
+    MenuPage startPageOverride = MenuPage::ROOT;
     MenuPage currentPage = MenuPage::ROOT;
     MenuPage previousPage = MenuPage::EXIT;
     uint8_t cursor = 0;       // Which menu item is currently highlighted
     bool cursorShown = false; // Is *any* item highlighted? (Root menu: no initial selection)
-
+    bool freeTextMode = false;
     uint16_t systemInfoPanelHeight = 0; // Need to know before we render
+    uint16_t menuTextLimit = 200;
 
-    std::vector<MenuItem> items; // MenuItems for the current page. Filled by ShowPage
+    std::vector<MenuItem> items;               // MenuItems for the current page. Filled by ShowPage
+    std::vector<std::string> nodeConfigLabels; // Persistent labels for Node Config pages
+    uint8_t selectedChannelIndex = 0;          // Currently selected LoRa channel (Node Config → Radio → Channel)
+    bool channelPositionEnabled = false;
+    bool gpsEnabled = false;
+
+    // Recents menu checkbox state (derived from settings.recentlyActiveSeconds)
+    static constexpr uint8_t RECENTS_COUNT = 6;
+    bool recentsSelected[RECENTS_COUNT] = {};
 
     // Data for selecting and sending canned messages via the menu
     // Placed into a sub-class for organization only
@@ -94,6 +110,8 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
         // Cleared onBackground (when MenuApplet closes)
         std::vector<MessageItem> messageItems;
         std::vector<RecipientItem> recipientItems;
+
+        MessageItem freeTextItem;
     } cm;
 
     Applet *borrowedTileOwner = nullptr; // Which applet we have temporarily replaced while displaying menu

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuItem.h

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class MenuItem
     MenuAction action = NO_ACTION;
     MenuPage nextPage = EXIT;
     bool *checkState = nullptr;
+    bool isHeader = false; // Non-selectable section label
 
     // Various constructors, depending on the intended function of the item
 
@@ -40,6 +41,12 @@ class MenuItem
         : label(label), action(action), nextPage(nextPage), checkState(checkState)
     {
     }
+    static MenuItem Header(const char *label)
+    {
+        MenuItem item(label, NO_ACTION, EXIT);
+        item.isHeader = true;
+        return item;
+    }
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuPage.h

@@ -20,10 +20,27 @@ enum MenuPage : uint8_t {
     SEND,
     CANNEDMESSAGE_RECIPIENT, // Select destination for a canned message
     OPTIONS,
+    NODE_CONFIG,
+    NODE_CONFIG_LORA,
+    NODE_CONFIG_CHANNELS,       // List of channels
+    NODE_CONFIG_CHANNEL_DETAIL, // Per-channel options
+    NODE_CONFIG_CHANNEL_PRECISION,
+    NODE_CONFIG_PRESET,
+    NODE_CONFIG_DEVICE,
+    NODE_CONFIG_DEVICE_ROLE,
+    NODE_CONFIG_POWER,
+    NODE_CONFIG_POWER_ADC_CAL,
+    NODE_CONFIG_NETWORK,
+    NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY,
+    NODE_CONFIG_BLUETOOTH,
+    NODE_CONFIG_POSITION,
+    NODE_CONFIG_ADMIN_RESET,
+    TIMEZONE,
     APPLETS,
     AUTOSHOW,
     RECENTS, // Select length of "recentlyActiveSeconds"
-    EXIT,    // Dismiss the menu applet
+    REGION,
+    EXIT, // Dismiss the menu applet
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Notification/NotificationApplet.cpp

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onReceiveTextMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket
     return 0;
 }
 
-void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Clear the region beneath the tile
     // Most applets are drawing onto an empty frame buffer and don't need to do this
@@ -139,54 +139,47 @@ void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onForeground()
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onBackground()
 {
     handleInput = false;
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onButtonShortPress()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onButtonLongPress()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onExitShort()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onExitLong()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onNavUp()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onNavDown()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onNavLeft()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::NotificationApplet::onNavRight()
 {
     dismiss();
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
 }
 
 // Ask the WindowManager to check whether any displayed applets are already displaying the info from this notification

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Notification/NotificationApplet.h

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class NotificationApplet : public SystemApplet
   public:
     NotificationApplet();
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     void onForeground() override;
     void onBackground() override;
     void onButtonShortPress() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Pairing/PairingApplet.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ InkHUD::PairingApplet::PairingApplet()
     bluetoothStatusObserver.observe(&bluetoothStatus->onNewStatus);
 }
 
-void InkHUD::PairingApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::PairingApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Header
     setFont(fontMedium);
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void InkHUD::PairingApplet::onBackground()
 
     // Need to force an update, as a polite request wouldn't be honored, seeing how we are now in the background
     // Usually, onBackground is followed by another applet's onForeground (which requests update), but not in this case
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true);
 }
 
 int InkHUD::PairingApplet::onBluetoothStatusUpdate(const meshtastic::Status *status)

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Pairing/PairingApplet.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class PairingApplet : public SystemApplet
   public:
     PairingApplet();
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     void onForeground() override;
     void onBackground() override;
 

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Placeholder/PlaceholderApplet.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
-void InkHUD::PlaceholderApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::PlaceholderApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // This placeholder applet fills its area with sparse diagonal lines
     hatchRegion(0, 0, width(), height(), 8, BLACK);

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Placeholder/PlaceholderApplet.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 class PlaceholderApplet : public SystemApplet
 {
   public:
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     // Note: onForeground, onBackground, and wantsToRender are not meaningful for this applet.
     // The window manager decides when and where it should be rendered

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Tips/TipsApplet.cpp

@@ -10,39 +10,42 @@ using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
 InkHUD::TipsApplet::TipsApplet()
 {
-    // Decide which tips (if any) should be shown to user after the boot screen
+    bool needsRegion = (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+
+    bool showTutorialTips = (settings->tips.firstBoot || needsRegion);
 
     // Welcome screen
-    if (settings->tips.firstBoot)
+    if (showTutorialTips)
         tipQueue.push_back(Tip::WELCOME);
 
-    // Antenna, region, timezone
+    // Finish setup
-    // Shown at boot if region not yet set
+    if (needsRegion)
-    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
         tipQueue.push_back(Tip::FINISH_SETUP);
 
+    // Using the UI
+    if (showTutorialTips) {
+        tipQueue.push_back(Tip::CUSTOMIZATION);
+        tipQueue.push_back(Tip::BUTTONS);
+    }
+
     // Shutdown info
     // Shown until user performs one valid shutdown
     if (!settings->tips.safeShutdownSeen)
         tipQueue.push_back(Tip::SAFE_SHUTDOWN);
 
-    // Using the UI
-    if (settings->tips.firstBoot) {
-        tipQueue.push_back(Tip::CUSTOMIZATION);
-        tipQueue.push_back(Tip::BUTTONS);
-    }
-
     // Catch an incorrect attempt at rotating display
     if (config.display.flip_screen)
         tipQueue.push_back(Tip::ROTATION);
 
-    // Applet is foreground immediately at boot, but is obscured by LogoApplet, which is also foreground
+    // Region picker
-    // LogoApplet can be considered to have a higher Z-index, because it is placed before TipsApplet in the systemApplets vector
+    if (needsRegion)
+        tipQueue.push_back(Tip::PICK_REGION);
+
     if (!tipQueue.empty())
         bringToForeground();
 }
 
-void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     switch (tipQueue.front()) {
     case Tip::WELCOME:
@@ -51,81 +54,109 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender()
 
     case Tip::FINISH_SETUP: {
         setFont(fontMedium);
-        printAt(0, 0, "Tip: Finish Setup");
+        const char *title = "Tip: Finish Setup";
+        uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+        printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
 
         setFont(fontSmall);
-        int16_t cursorY = fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5;
+        int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
-        printAt(0, cursorY, "- connect antenna");
 
-        cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
+        auto drawBullet = [&](const char *text) {
-        printAt(0, cursorY, "- connect a client app");
+            uint16_t bh = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), text);
+            printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), text);
+            cursorY += bh + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 3);
+        };
 
-        // Only if region not set
+        drawBullet("- connect antenna");
-        if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+        drawBullet("- connect a client app");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- set region");
-        }
 
-        // Only if tz not set
+        if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
-        if (!(*config.device.tzdef && config.device.tzdef[0] != 0)) {
+            drawBullet("- set region");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- set timezone");
-        }
 
-        cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.5;
+        if (!(*config.device.tzdef && config.device.tzdef[0] != 0))
-        printAt(0, cursorY, "More info at meshtastic.org");
+            drawBullet("- set timezone");
+
+        cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2;
+        drawBullet("More info at meshtastic.org");
 
-        setFont(fontSmall);
         printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
     } break;
 
+    case Tip::PICK_REGION: {
+        setFont(fontMedium);
+        printAt(0, 0, "Set Region");
+
+        setFont(fontSmall);
+        printWrapped(0, fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5, width(), "Please select your LoRa region to complete setup.");
+
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to choose", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+    } break;
+
     case Tip::SAFE_SHUTDOWN: {
         setFont(fontMedium);
-        printAt(0, 0, "Tip: Shutdown");
+
+        const char *title = "Tip: Shutdown";
+        uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+        printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
 
         setFont(fontSmall);
-        std::string shutdown;
+        int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
-        shutdown += "Before removing power, please shut down from InkHUD menu, or a client app. \n";
+
-        shutdown += "\n";
+        const char *body = "Before removing power, please shut down from InkHUD menu, or a client app.\n\n"
-        shutdown += "This ensures data is saved.";
+                           "This ensures data is saved.";
-        printWrapped(0, fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5, width(), shutdown);
+
+        uint16_t bodyH = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), body);
+        printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), body);
+        cursorY += bodyH + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2);
 
         printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
-
     } break;
 
     case Tip::CUSTOMIZATION: {
         setFont(fontMedium);
-        printAt(0, 0, "Tip: Customization");
+
+        const char *title = "Tip: Customization";
+        uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+        printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
 
         setFont(fontSmall);
-        printWrapped(0, fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5, width(),
+        int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
-                     "Configure & control display with the InkHUD menu. Optional features, layout, rotation, and more.");
+
+        const char *body = "Configure & control display with the InkHUD menu. "
+                           "Optional features, layout, rotation, and more.";
+
+        uint16_t bodyH = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), body);
+        printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), body);
+        cursorY += bodyH + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2);
 
         printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
     } break;
 
     case Tip::BUTTONS: {
         setFont(fontMedium);
-        printAt(0, 0, "Tip: Buttons");
+
+        const char *title = "Tip: Buttons";
+        uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+        printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
 
         setFont(fontSmall);
-        int16_t cursorY = fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5;
+        int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
+
+        auto drawBullet = [&](const char *text) {
+            uint16_t bh = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), text);
+            printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), text);
+            cursorY += bh + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 3);
+        };
 
         if (!settings->joystick.enabled) {
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "User Button");
+            drawBullet("User Button");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
+            drawBullet("- short press: next");
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- short press: next");
+            drawBullet("- long press: select or open menu");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- long press: select / open menu");
         } else {
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "Joystick");
+            drawBullet("Joystick");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
+            drawBullet("- press: open menu or select");
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- open menu / select");
+            drawBullet("Exit Button");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.5;
+            drawBullet("- press: switch tile or close menu");
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "Exit Button");
-            cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
-            printAt(0, cursorY, "- switch tile / close menu");
         }
 
         printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
@@ -133,12 +164,21 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender()
 
     case Tip::ROTATION: {
         setFont(fontMedium);
-        printAt(0, 0, "Tip: Rotation");
+
+        const char *title = "Tip: Rotation";
+        uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+        printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
 
         setFont(fontSmall);
         if (!settings->joystick.enabled) {
-            printWrapped(0, fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5, width(),
+            int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
-                         "To rotate the display, use the InkHUD menu. Long-press the user button > Options > Rotate.");
+
+            const char *body = "To rotate the display, use the InkHUD menu. "
+                               "Long-press the user button > Options > Rotate.";
+
+            uint16_t bh = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), body);
+            printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), body);
+            cursorY += bh + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2);
         } else {
             printWrapped(0, fontMedium.lineHeight() * 1.5, width(),
                          "To rotate the display, use the InkHUD menu. Press the user button > Options > Rotate.");
@@ -159,12 +199,15 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderWelcome()
 {
     uint16_t padW = X(0.05);
 
+    // Detect portrait orientation
+    bool portrait = height() > width();
+
     // Block 1 - logo & title
     // ========================
 
     // Logo size
-    uint16_t logoWLimit = X(0.3);
+    uint16_t logoWLimit = portrait ? X(0.5) : X(0.3);
-    uint16_t logoHLimit = Y(0.3);
+    uint16_t logoHLimit = portrait ? Y(0.25) : Y(0.3);
     uint16_t logoW = getLogoWidth(logoWLimit, logoHLimit);
     uint16_t logoH = getLogoHeight(logoWLimit, logoHLimit);
 
@@ -177,7 +220,7 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderWelcome()
 
     // Center the block
     // Desired effect: equal margin from display edge for logo left and title right
-    int16_t block1Y = Y(0.3);
+    int16_t block1Y = portrait ? Y(0.2) : Y(0.3);
     int16_t block1CX = X(0.5) + (logoW / 2) - (titleW / 2);
     int16_t logoCX = block1CX - (logoW / 2) - (padW / 2);
     int16_t titleCX = block1CX + (titleW / 2) + (padW / 2);
@@ -192,7 +235,7 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderWelcome()
     std::string subtitle = "InkHUD";
     if (width() >= 200)
         subtitle += "  -  A Heads-Up Display"; // Future proofing: narrower for tiny display
-    printAt(X(0.5), Y(0.6), subtitle, CENTER, MIDDLE);
+    printAt(X(0.5), portrait ? Y(0.45) : Y(0.6), subtitle, CENTER, MIDDLE);
 
     // Block 3 - press to continue
     // ============================
@@ -218,32 +261,42 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onBackground()
 
     // Need to force an update, as a polite request wouldn't be honored, seeing how we are now in the background
     // Usually, onBackground is followed by another applet's onForeground (which requests update), but not in this case
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true);
 }
 
 // While our SystemApplet::handleInput flag is true
 void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onButtonShortPress()
 {
+    bool needsRegion = (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+    // If we're prompting the user to pick a region, hand off to the menu
+    if (!tipQueue.empty() && tipQueue.front() == Tip::PICK_REGION) {
+        tipQueue.pop_front();
+
+        // Signal InkHUD to open the menu on Region page
+        inkhud->forceRegionMenu = true;
+
+        // Close tips and open menu
+        sendToBackground();
+        inkhud->openMenu();
+        return;
+    }
+    // Consume current tip
     tipQueue.pop_front();
 
     // All tips done
     if (tipQueue.empty()) {
         // Record that user has now seen the "tutorial" set of tips
         // Don't show them on subsequent boots
-        if (settings->tips.firstBoot) {
+        if (settings->tips.firstBoot && !needsRegion) {
             settings->tips.firstBoot = false;
             inkhud->persistence->saveSettings();
         }
 
-        // Close applet, and full refresh to clean the screen
+        // Close applet
-        // Need to force update, because our request would be ignored otherwise, as we are now background
         sendToBackground();
-        inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL);
+    } else {
-    }
-
-    // More tips left
-    else
         requestUpdate();
+    }
 }
 
 // Functions the same as the user button in this instance
@@ -252,4 +305,4 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onExitShort()
     onButtonShortPress();
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Tips/TipsApplet.h

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class TipsApplet : public SystemApplet
     enum class Tip {
         WELCOME,
         FINISH_SETUP,
+        PICK_REGION,
         SAFE_SHUTDOWN,
         CUSTOMIZATION,
         BUTTONS,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ class TipsApplet : public SystemApplet
   public:
     TipsApplet();
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
     void onForeground() override;
     void onBackground() override;
     void onButtonShortPress() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/AllMessage/AllMessageApplet.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int InkHUD::AllMessageApplet::onReceiveTextMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *
     return 0;
 }
 
-void InkHUD::AllMessageApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::AllMessageApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Find newest message, regardless of whether DM or broadcast
     MessageStore::Message *message;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/AllMessage/AllMessageApplet.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Applet;
 class AllMessageApplet : public Applet
 {
   public:
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     void onActivate() override;
     void onDeactivate() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/DM/DMApplet.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ int InkHUD::DMApplet::onReceiveTextMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
     return 0;
 }
 
-void InkHUD::DMApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::DMApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Abort if no text message
     if (!latestMessage->dm.sender) {

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/DM/DMApplet.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Applet;
 class DMApplet : public Applet
 {
   public:
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     void onActivate() override;
     void onDeactivate() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/Positions/PositionsApplet.cpp

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
-void InkHUD::PositionsApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::PositionsApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // Draw the usual map applet first
-    MapApplet::onRender();
+    MapApplet::onRender(full);
 
     // Draw our latest "node of interest" as a special marker
     // -------------------------------------------------------

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/Positions/PositionsApplet.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class PositionsApplet : public MapApplet, public SinglePortModule
 {
   public:
     PositionsApplet() : SinglePortModule("PositionsApplet", meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP) {}
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
   protected:
     ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/ThreadedMessage/ThreadedMessageApplet.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ InkHUD::ThreadedMessageApplet::ThreadedMessageApplet(uint8_t channelIndex)
     store = new MessageStore("ch" + to_string(channelIndex));
 }
 
-void InkHUD::ThreadedMessageApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::ThreadedMessageApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     // =============
     // Draw a header

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/User/ThreadedMessage/ThreadedMessageApplet.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ThreadedMessageApplet : public Applet, public SinglePortModule
     explicit ThreadedMessageApplet(uint8_t channelIndex);
     ThreadedMessageApplet() = delete;
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     void onActivate() override;
     void onDeactivate() override;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Events.cpp

@@ -238,6 +238,39 @@ void InkHUD::Events::onNavRight()
     }
 }
 
+void InkHUD::Events::onFreeText(char c)
+{
+    // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle the new character
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleFreeText) {
+            sa->onFreeText(c);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onFreeTextDone()
+{
+    // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle it
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleFreeText) {
+            sa->onFreeTextDone();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onFreeTextCancel()
+{
+    // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle it
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleFreeText) {
+            sa->onFreeTextCancel();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // Callback for deepSleepObserver
 // Returns 0 to signal that we agree to sleep now
 int InkHUD::Events::beforeDeepSleep(void *unused)
@@ -266,7 +299,7 @@ int InkHUD::Events::beforeDeepSleep(void *unused)
     // then prepared a final powered-off screen for us, which shows device shortname.
     // We're updating to show that one now.
 
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, false);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true, false);
     delay(1000); // Cooldown, before potentially yanking display power
 
     // InkHUD shutdown complete
@@ -276,6 +309,15 @@ int InkHUD::Events::beforeDeepSleep(void *unused)
     return 0; // We agree: deep sleep now
 }
 
+// Display an intermediate screen while configuration changes are applied
+void InkHUD::Events::applyingChanges()
+{
+    // Bring the logo applet forward with a temporary message
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        sa->onApplyingChanges();
+    }
+}
+
 // Callback for rebootObserver
 // Same as shutdown, without drawing the logoApplet
 // Makes sure we don't lose message history / InkHUD config

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Events.h

@@ -29,12 +29,18 @@ class Events
 
     void onButtonShort(); // User button: short press
     void onButtonLong();  // User button: long press
-    void onExitShort();   // Exit button: short press
+    void applyingChanges();
-    void onExitLong();    // Exit button: long press
+    void onExitShort(); // Exit button: short press
-    void onNavUp();       // Navigate up
+    void onExitLong();  // Exit button: long press
-    void onNavDown();     // Navigate down
+    void onNavUp();     // Navigate up
-    void onNavLeft();     // Navigate left
+    void onNavDown();   // Navigate down
-    void onNavRight();    // Navigate right
+    void onNavLeft();   // Navigate left
+    void onNavRight();  // Navigate right
+
+    // Free text typing events
+    void onFreeText(char c); // New freetext character input
+    void onFreeTextDone();
+    void onFreeTextCancel();
 
     int beforeDeepSleep(void *unused);                             // Prepare for shutdown
     int beforeReboot(void *unused);                                // Prepare for reboot

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::addApplet(const char *name, Applet *a, bool defaultActive,
     windowManager->addApplet(name, a, defaultActive, defaultAutoshow, onTile);
 }
 
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::notifyApplyingChanges()
+{
+    if (events) {
+        events->applyingChanges();
+    }
+}
+
 // Start InkHUD!
 // Call this only after you have configured InkHUD
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::begin()
@@ -168,6 +175,25 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::navRight()
     }
 }
 
+// Call this for keyboard input
+// The Keyboard Applet also calls this
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::freeText(char c)
+{
+    events->onFreeText(c);
+}
+
+// Call this to complete a freetext input
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::freeTextDone()
+{
+    events->onFreeTextDone();
+}
+
+// Call this to cancel a freetext input
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::freeTextCancel()
+{
+    events->onFreeTextCancel();
+}
+
 // Cycle the next user applet to the foreground
 // Only activated applets are cycled
 // If user has a multi-applet layout, the applets will cycle on the "focused tile"
@@ -197,6 +223,18 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::openAlignStick()
     windowManager->openAlignStick();
 }
 
+// Open the on-screen keyboard
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::openKeyboard()
+{
+    windowManager->openKeyboard();
+}
+
+// Close the on-screen keyboard
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::closeKeyboard()
+{
+    windowManager->closeKeyboard();
+}
+
 // In layouts where multiple applets are shown at once, change which tile is focused
 // The focused tile in the one which cycles applets on button short press, and displays menu on long press
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::nextTile()
@@ -245,10 +283,11 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::requestUpdate()
 // Ignores all diplomacy:
 //  - the display *will* update
 //  - the specified update type *will* be used
+// If the all parameter is true, the whole screen buffer is cleared and re-rendered
 // If the async parameter is false, code flow is blocked while the update takes place
-void InkHUD::InkHUD::forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes type, bool async)
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes type, bool all, bool async)
 {
-    renderer->forceUpdate(type, async);
+    renderer->forceUpdate(type, all, async);
 }
 
 // Wait for any in-progress display update to complete before continuing

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class InkHUD
     void setDriver(Drivers::EInk *driver);
     void setDisplayResilience(uint8_t fastPerFull = 5, float stressMultiplier = 2.0);
     void addApplet(const char *name, Applet *a, bool defaultActive = false, bool defaultAutoshow = false, uint8_t onTile = -1);
+    void notifyApplyingChanges();
 
     void begin();
 
@@ -62,6 +63,11 @@ class InkHUD
     void navLeft();
     void navRight();
 
+    // Freetext handlers
+    void freeText(char c);
+    void freeTextDone();
+    void freeTextCancel();
+
     // Trigger UI changes
     // - called by various InkHUD components
     // - suitable(?) for use by aux button, connected in variant nicheGraphics.h
@@ -70,17 +76,23 @@ class InkHUD
     void prevApplet();
     void openMenu();
     void openAlignStick();
+    void openKeyboard();
+    void closeKeyboard();
     void nextTile();
     void prevTile();
     void rotate();
     void rotateJoystick(uint8_t angle = 1); // rotate 90 deg by default
     void toggleBatteryIcon();
 
+    // Used by TipsApplet to force menu to start on Region selection
+    bool forceRegionMenu = false;
+
     // Updating the display
     // - called by various InkHUD components
 
     void requestUpdate();
-    void forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type = Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED, bool async = true);
+    void forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type = Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED, bool all = false,
+                     bool async = true);
     void awaitUpdate();
 
     // (Re)configuring WindowManager

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Renderer.cpp

@@ -56,15 +56,16 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::setDisplayResilience(uint8_t fastPerFull, float stressMul
 
 void InkHUD::Renderer::begin()
 {
-    forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, false);
+    forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FULL, true, false);
 }
 
 // Set a flag, which will be picked up by runOnce, ASAP.
 // Quite likely, multiple applets will all want to respond to one event (Observable, etc)
 // Each affected applet can independently call requestUpdate(), and all share the one opportunity to render, at next runOnce
-void InkHUD::Renderer::requestUpdate()
+void InkHUD::Renderer::requestUpdate(bool all)
 {
     requested = true;
+    renderAll |= all;
 
     // We will run the thread as soon as we loop(),
     // after all Applets have had a chance to observe whatever event set this off
@@ -79,10 +80,11 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::requestUpdate()
 // Sometimes, however, we will want to trigger a display update manually, in the absence of any sort of applet event
 // Display health, for example.
 // In these situations, we use forceUpdate
-void InkHUD::Renderer::forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type, bool async)
+void InkHUD::Renderer::forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type, bool all, bool async)
 {
     requested = true;
     forced = true;
+    renderAll |= all;
     displayHealth.forceUpdateType(type);
 
     // Normally, we need to start the timer, in case the display is busy and we briefly defer the update
@@ -219,7 +221,8 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::render(bool async)
         Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes updateType = decideUpdateType();
 
         // Render the new image
-        clearBuffer();
+        if (renderAll)
+            clearBuffer();
         renderUserApplets();
         renderPlaceholders();
         renderSystemApplets();
@@ -247,6 +250,7 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::render(bool async)
     // Tidy up, ready for a new request
     requested = false;
     forced = false;
+    renderAll = false;
 }
 
 // Manually fill the image buffer with WHITE
@@ -259,6 +263,76 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::clearBuffer()
     memset(imageBuffer, 0xFF, imageBufferHeight * imageBufferWidth);
 }
 
+// Manually clear the pixels below a tile
+void InkHUD::Renderer::clearTile(Tile *t)
+{
+    // Rotate the tile dimensions
+    int16_t left = 0;
+    int16_t top = 0;
+    uint16_t width = 0;
+    uint16_t height = 0;
+    switch (settings->rotation) {
+    case 0:
+        left = t->getLeft();
+        top = t->getTop();
+        width = t->getWidth();
+        height = t->getHeight();
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        left = driver->width - (t->getTop() + t->getHeight());
+        top = t->getLeft();
+        width = t->getHeight();
+        height = t->getWidth();
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        left = driver->width - (t->getLeft() + t->getWidth());
+        top = driver->height - (t->getTop() + t->getHeight());
+        width = t->getWidth();
+        height = t->getHeight();
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        left = t->getTop();
+        top = driver->height - (t->getLeft() + t->getWidth());
+        width = t->getHeight();
+        height = t->getWidth();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the bounds to clear
+    uint16_t xStart = (left < 0) ? 0 : left;
+    uint16_t yStart = (top < 0) ? 0 : top;
+    if (xStart >= driver->width || yStart >= driver->height || left + width < 0 || top + height < 0)
+        return; // the box is completely off the screen
+    uint16_t xEnd = left + width;
+    uint16_t yEnd = top + height;
+    if (xEnd > driver->width)
+        xEnd = driver->width;
+    if (yEnd > driver->height)
+        yEnd = driver->height;
+
+    // Clear the pixels
+    if (xStart == 0 && xEnd == driver->width) { // full width box is easier to clear
+        memset(imageBuffer + (yStart * imageBufferWidth), 0xFF, (yEnd - yStart) * imageBufferWidth);
+    } else {
+        const uint16_t byteStart = (xStart / 8) + 1;
+        const uint16_t byteEnd = xEnd / 8;
+        const uint8_t leadingByte = 0xFF >> (xStart - ((byteStart - 1) * 8));
+        const uint8_t trailingByte = (0xFF00 >> (xEnd - (byteEnd * 8))) & 0xFF;
+        for (uint16_t i = yStart * imageBufferWidth; i < yEnd * imageBufferWidth; i += imageBufferWidth) {
+            // Set the leading byte
+            imageBuffer[i + byteStart - 1] |= leadingByte;
+
+            // Set the continuous bytes
+            if (byteStart < byteEnd)
+                memset(imageBuffer + i + byteStart, 0xFF, byteEnd - byteStart);
+
+            // Set the trailing byte
+            if (byteEnd != imageBufferWidth)
+                imageBuffer[i + byteEnd] |= trailingByte;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void InkHUD::Renderer::checkLocks()
 {
     lockRendering = nullptr;
@@ -323,12 +397,12 @@ Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes InkHUD::Renderer::decideUpdateType()
     if (!forced) {
         // User applets
         for (Applet *ua : inkhud->userApplets) {
-            if (ua && ua->isForeground())
+            if (ua && ua->isForeground() && (ua->wantsToRender() || renderAll))
                 displayHealth.requestUpdateType(ua->wantsUpdateType());
         }
         // System Applets
         for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa && sa->isForeground())
+            if (sa && sa->isForeground() && (sa->wantsToRender() || sa->alwaysRender || renderAll))
                 displayHealth.requestUpdateType(sa->wantsUpdateType());
         }
     }
@@ -346,9 +420,16 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::renderUserApplets()
 
     // Render any user applets which are currently visible
     for (Applet *ua : inkhud->userApplets) {
-        if (ua && ua->isActive() && ua->isForeground()) {
+        if (ua && ua->isActive() && ua->isForeground() && (ua->wantsToRender() || renderAll)) {
+
+            // Clear the tile unless the applet wants to draw over its previous render
+            // or everything is getting re-rendered anyways
+            if (ua->wantsFullRender() && !renderAll)
+                clearTile(ua->getTile());
+
             uint32_t start = millis();
-            ua->render(); // Draw!
+            bool full = ua->wantsFullRender() || renderAll;
+            ua->render(full); // Draw!
             uint32_t stop = millis();
             LOG_DEBUG("%s took %dms to render", ua->name, stop - start);
         }
@@ -370,6 +451,9 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::renderSystemApplets()
         if (!sa->isForeground())
             continue;
 
+        if (!sa->wantsToRender() && !sa->alwaysRender && !renderAll)
+            continue;
+
         // Skip if locked by another applet
         if (lockRendering && lockRendering != sa)
             continue;
@@ -381,8 +465,14 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::renderSystemApplets()
 
         assert(sa->getTile());
 
+        // Clear the tile unless the applet wants to draw over its previous render
+        // or everything is getting re-rendered anyways
+        if (sa->wantsFullRender() && !renderAll)
+            clearTile(sa->getTile());
+
         // uint32_t start = millis();
-        sa->render(); // Draw!
+        bool full = sa->wantsFullRender() || renderAll;
+        sa->render(full); // Draw!
         // uint32_t stop = millis();
         // LOG_DEBUG("%s took %dms to render", sa->name, stop - start);
     }
@@ -409,7 +499,10 @@ void InkHUD::Renderer::renderPlaceholders()
     // uint32_t start = millis();
     for (Tile *t : emptyTiles) {
         t->assignApplet(placeholder);
-        placeholder->render();
+        // Clear the tile unless everything is getting re-rendered
+        if (!renderAll)
+            clearTile(t);
+        placeholder->render(true); // full render
         t->assignApplet(nullptr);
     }
     // uint32_t stop = millis();

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Renderer.h

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class Renderer : protected concurrency::OSThread
 
     // Call these to make the image change
 
-    void requestUpdate(); // Update display, if a foreground applet has info it wants to show
+    void requestUpdate(bool all = false); // Update display, if a foreground applet has info it wants to show
-    void forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type = Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED,
+    void forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes type = Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::UNSPECIFIED, bool all = false,
                      bool async = true); // Update display, regardless of whether any applets requested this
 
     // Wait for an update to complete
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class Renderer : protected concurrency::OSThread
     // Steps of the rendering process
 
     void clearBuffer();
+    void clearTile(Tile *t);
     void checkLocks();
     bool shouldUpdate();
     Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes decideUpdateType();
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ class Renderer : protected concurrency::OSThread
 
     bool requested = false;
     bool forced = false;
+    bool renderAll = false;
 
     // For convenience
     InkHUD *inkhud = nullptr;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h

@@ -22,11 +22,14 @@ class SystemApplet : public Applet
   public:
     // System applets have the right to:
 
-    bool handleInput = false;   // - respond to input from the user button
+    bool handleInput = false;    // - respond to input from the user button
-    bool lockRendering = false; // - prevent other applets from being rendered during an update
+    bool handleFreeText = false; // - respond to free text input
-    bool lockRequests = false;  // - prevent other applets from triggering display updates
+    bool lockRendering = false;  // - prevent other applets from being rendered during an update
+    bool lockRequests = false;   // - prevent other applets from triggering display updates
+    bool alwaysRender = false;   // - render every time the screen is updated
 
     virtual void onReboot() { onShutdown(); } // - handle reboot specially
+    virtual void onApplyingChanges() {}
 
     // Other system applets may take precedence over our own system applet though
     // The order an applet is passed to WindowManager::addSystemApplet determines this hierarchy (added earlier = higher rank)
@@ -40,4 +43,4 @@ class SystemApplet : public Applet
 
 }; // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Tile.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ static int32_t runtaskHighlight()
     LOG_DEBUG("Dismissing Highlight");
     InkHUD::Tile::highlightShown = false;
     InkHUD::Tile::highlightTarget = nullptr;
-    InkHUD::InkHUD::getInstance()->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST); // Re-render, clearing the highlighting
+    InkHUD::InkHUD::getInstance()->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, true); // Re-render, clearing the highlighting
     return taskHighlight->disable();
 }
 static void inittaskHighlight()
@@ -190,6 +190,18 @@ void InkHUD::Tile::handleAppletPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, Color c)
     }
 }
 
+// Used in Renderer for clearing the tile
+int16_t InkHUD::Tile::getLeft()
+{
+    return left;
+}
+
+// Used in Renderer for clearing the tile
+int16_t InkHUD::Tile::getTop()
+{
+    return top;
+}
+
 // Called by Applet base class, when setting applet dimensions, immediately before render
 uint16_t InkHUD::Tile::getWidth()
 {
@@ -220,7 +232,7 @@ void InkHUD::Tile::requestHighlight()
 {
     Tile::highlightTarget = this;
     Tile::highlightShown = false;
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, true);
 }
 
 // Starts the timer which will automatically dismiss the highlighting, if the tile doesn't organically redraw first

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Tile.h

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ class Tile
     void setRegion(uint8_t layoutSize, uint8_t tileIndex);                      // Assign region automatically, based on layout
     void setRegion(int16_t left, int16_t top, uint16_t width, uint16_t height); // Assign region manually
     void handleAppletPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, Color c);                      // Receive px output from assigned applet
+    int16_t getLeft();
+    int16_t getTop();
     uint16_t getWidth();
     uint16_t getHeight();
     static uint16_t maxDisplayDimension(); // Largest possible width / height any tile may ever encounter

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/WindowManager.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "./Applets/System/AlignStick/AlignStickApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/BatteryIcon/BatteryIconApplet.h"
+#include "./Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Logo/LogoApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Notification/NotificationApplet.h"
@@ -148,6 +149,28 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::openAlignStick()
     }
 }
 
+void InkHUD::WindowManager::openKeyboard()
+{
+    KeyboardApplet *keyboard = (KeyboardApplet *)inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard");
+
+    if (keyboard) {
+        keyboard->bringToForeground();
+        keyboardOpen = true;
+        changeLayout();
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::WindowManager::closeKeyboard()
+{
+    KeyboardApplet *keyboard = (KeyboardApplet *)inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard");
+
+    if (keyboard) {
+        keyboard->sendToBackground();
+        keyboardOpen = false;
+        changeLayout();
+    }
+}
+
 // On the currently focussed tile: cycle to the next available user applet
 // Applets available for this must be activated, and not already displayed on another tile
 void InkHUD::WindowManager::nextApplet()
@@ -272,7 +295,6 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::toggleBatteryIcon()
         batteryIcon->sendToBackground();
 
     // Force-render
-    // - redraw all applets
     inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
 }
 
@@ -311,9 +333,25 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::changeLayout()
         menu->show(ft);
     }
 
+    // Resize for the on-screen keyboard
+    if (keyboardOpen) {
+        // Send all user applets to the background
+        // User applets currently don't handle free text input
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < inkhud->userApplets.size(); i++)
+            inkhud->userApplets.at(i)->sendToBackground();
+        // Find the first system applet that can handle freetext and resize it
+        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+            if (sa->handleFreeText) {
+                const uint16_t keyboardHeight = KeyboardApplet::getKeyboardHeight();
+                sa->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height() - keyboardHeight - 1);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // Force-render
     // - redraw all applets
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, true);
 }
 
 // Perform necessary reconfiguration when user activates or deactivates applets at run-time
@@ -347,7 +385,7 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::changeActivatedApplets()
 
     // Force-render
     // - redraw all applets
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, true);
 }
 
 // Some applets may be permitted to bring themselves to foreground, to show new data
@@ -433,8 +471,10 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::createSystemApplets()
     addSystemApplet("Logo", new LogoApplet, new Tile);
     addSystemApplet("Pairing", new PairingApplet, new Tile);
     addSystemApplet("Tips", new TipsApplet, new Tile);
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
         addSystemApplet("AlignStick", new AlignStickApplet, new Tile);
+        addSystemApplet("Keyboard", new KeyboardApplet, new Tile);
+    }
 
     addSystemApplet("Menu", new MenuApplet, nullptr);
 
@@ -457,19 +497,23 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::placeSystemTiles()
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("Logo")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("Pairing")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("Tips")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
         inkhud->getSystemApplet("AlignStick")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
-
+        const uint16_t keyboardHeight = KeyboardApplet::getKeyboardHeight();
+        inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard")
+            ->getTile()
+            ->setRegion(0, inkhud->height() - keyboardHeight, inkhud->width(), keyboardHeight);
+    }
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("Notification")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), 20);
 
     const uint16_t batteryIconHeight = Applet::getHeaderHeight() - 2 - 2;
     const uint16_t batteryIconWidth = batteryIconHeight * 1.8;
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("BatteryIcon")
         ->getTile()
-        ->setRegion(inkhud->width() - batteryIconWidth, // x
+        ->setRegion(inkhud->width() - batteryIconWidth - 1, // x
-                    2,                                  // y
+                    1,                                      // y
-                    batteryIconWidth,                   // width
+                    batteryIconWidth + 1,                   // width
-                    batteryIconHeight);                 // height
+                    batteryIconHeight + 2);                 // height
 
     // Note: the tiles of placeholder and menu applets are manipulated specially
     // - menuApplet borrows user tiles

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/WindowManager.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ class WindowManager
     void prevTile();
     void openMenu();
     void openAlignStick();
+    void openKeyboard();
+    void closeKeyboard();
     void nextApplet();
     void prevApplet();
     void rotate();
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ class WindowManager
     void findOrphanApplets(); // Find any applets left-behind when layout changes
 
     std::vector<Tile *> userTiles; // Tiles which can host user applets
+    bool keyboardOpen = false;
 
     // For convenience
     InkHUD *inkhud = nullptr;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/docs/README.md

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class BasicExampleApplet : public Applet
     // You must have an onRender() method
     // All drawing happens here
 
-    void onRender() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
 };
 ```
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ The `onRender` method is called when the display image is redrawn. This can happ
 ```cpp
 // All drawing happens here
 // Our basic example doesn't do anything useful. It just passively prints some text.
-void InkHUD::BasicExampleApplet::onRender()
+void InkHUD::BasicExampleApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
     printAt(0, 0, "Hello, world!");
 }

src/input/HackadayCommunicatorKeyboard.cpp

@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@ constexpr uint8_t modifierLeftShift = 0b0001;
 
 // Num chars per key, Modulus for rotating through characters
 static uint8_t HackadayCommunicatorTapMod[_TCA8418_NUM_KEYS] = {
-    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
     0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0,
 };
 
 static unsigned char HackadayCommunicatorTapMap[_TCA8418_NUM_KEYS][2] = {{},
-                                                                         {},
+                                                                         {Key::FUNCTION_F1},
                                                                          {'+'},
                                                                          {'9'},
                                                                          {'8'},
                                                                          {'7'},
-                                                                         {'2'},
+                                                                         {Key::FUNCTION_F2},
-                                                                         {'3'},
+                                                                         {Key::FUNCTION_F3},
-                                                                         {'4'},
+                                                                         {Key::FUNCTION_F4},
-                                                                         {'5'},
+                                                                         {Key::FUNCTION_F5},
                                                                          {Key::ESC},
                                                                          {'q', 'Q'},
                                                                          {'w', 'W'},
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ void HackadayCommunicatorKeyboard::pressed(uint8_t key)
     if (state == Init || state == Busy) {
         return;
     }
+    LOG_DEBUG("Key pressed: %u", key);
 
     if (modifierFlag && (millis() - last_modifier_time > _TCA8418_MULTI_TAP_THRESHOLD)) {
         modifierFlag = 0;

src/input/InputBroker.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,59 @@
 #include "InputBroker.h"
 #include "PowerFSM.h" // needed for event trigger
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
 
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#include "input/LinuxInputImpl.h"
+#include "input/SeesawRotary.h"
+#include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
+#endif
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER
+#include "input/ExpressLRSFiveWay.h"
+#include "input/RotaryEncoderImpl.h"
+#include "input/RotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1.h"
+#include "input/SerialKeyboardImpl.h"
+#include "input/UpDownInterruptImpl1.h"
+#include "input/i2cButton.h"
+#if HAS_TRACKBALL
+#include "input/TrackballInterruptImpl1.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "modules/StatusLEDModule.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C
+#include "input/cardKbI2cImpl.h"
+#endif
+#include "input/kbMatrixImpl.h"
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_BUTTON || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+#include "input/ButtonThread.h"
+
+#if defined(BUTTON_PIN_TOUCH)
+ButtonThread *TouchButtonThread = nullptr;
+#if defined(TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS) && defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
+static bool touchBacklightWasOn = false;
+static bool touchBacklightActive = false;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(BUTTON_PIN) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+ButtonThread *UserButtonThread = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ALT_BUTTON_PIN)
+ButtonThread *BackButtonThread = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CANCEL_BUTTON_PIN)
+ButtonThread *CancelButtonThread = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
 InputBroker *inputBroker = nullptr;
 
 InputBroker::InputBroker()
@@ -74,3 +125,262 @@ void InputBroker::pollSoonWorker(void *p)
     vTaskDelete(NULL);
 }
 #endif
+
+void InputBroker::Init()
+{
+
+#ifdef BUTTON_PIN
+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+
+#if ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+#ifdef BUTTON_NEED_PULLUP
+    pinMode(config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
+#else
+    pinMode(config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : BUTTON_PIN, INPUT); // default to BUTTON_PIN
+#endif
+#else
+    pinMode(config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : BUTTON_PIN, INPUT); // default to BUTTON_PIN
+#ifdef BUTTON_NEED_PULLUP
+    gpio_pullup_en((gpio_num_t)(config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : BUTTON_PIN));
+    delay(10);
+#endif
+#ifdef BUTTON_NEED_PULLUP2
+    gpio_pullup_en((gpio_num_t)BUTTON_NEED_PULLUP2);
+    delay(10);
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// buttons are now inputBroker, so have to come after setupModules
+#if HAS_BUTTON
+    int pullup_sense = 0;
+#ifdef INPUT_PULLUP_SENSE
+    // Some platforms (nrf52) have a SENSE variant which allows wake from sleep - override what OneButton did
+#ifdef BUTTON_SENSE_TYPE
+    pullup_sense = BUTTON_SENSE_TYPE;
+#else
+    pullup_sense = INPUT_PULLUP_SENSE;
+#endif
+#endif
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+
+    if (portduino_config.userButtonPin.enabled) {
+
+        LOG_DEBUG("Use GPIO%02d for button", portduino_config.userButtonPin.pin);
+        UserButtonThread = new ButtonThread("UserButton");
+        if (screen) {
+            ButtonConfig config;
+            config.pinNumber = (uint8_t)portduino_config.userButtonPin.pin;
+            config.activeLow = true;
+            config.activePullup = true;
+            config.pullupSense = INPUT_PULLUP;
+            config.intRoutine = []() {
+                UserButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+                UserButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+                runASAP = true;
+                BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+                concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+            };
+            config.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS;
+            config.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_SELECT;
+            UserButtonThread->initButton(config);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BUTTON_PIN_TOUCH
+    TouchButtonThread = new ButtonThread("BackButton");
+    ButtonConfig touchConfig;
+    touchConfig.pinNumber = BUTTON_PIN_TOUCH;
+    touchConfig.activeLow = true;
+    touchConfig.activePullup = true;
+    touchConfig.pullupSense = pullup_sense;
+    touchConfig.intRoutine = []() {
+        TouchButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+        TouchButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+        runASAP = true;
+        BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+    };
+    touchConfig.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+    touchConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_BACK;
+#if defined(TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS) && defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
+    // On T-Echo Plus the touch pad should only drive the backlight, not UI navigation/sounds
+    touchConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+    touchConfig.suppressLeadUpSound = true;
+    touchConfig.onPress = []() {
+        touchBacklightWasOn = uiconfig.screen_brightness == 1;
+        if (!touchBacklightWasOn) {
+            digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_EN, HIGH);
+        }
+        touchBacklightActive = true;
+    };
+    touchConfig.onRelease = []() {
+        if (touchBacklightActive && !touchBacklightWasOn) {
+            digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_EN, LOW);
+        }
+        touchBacklightActive = false;
+    };
+#endif
+    TouchButtonThread->initButton(touchConfig);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CANCEL_BUTTON_PIN)
+    // Buttons. Moved here cause we need NodeDB to be initialized
+    CancelButtonThread = new ButtonThread("CancelButton");
+    ButtonConfig cancelConfig;
+    cancelConfig.pinNumber = CANCEL_BUTTON_PIN;
+    cancelConfig.activeLow = CANCEL_BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW;
+    cancelConfig.activePullup = CANCEL_BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP;
+    cancelConfig.pullupSense = pullup_sense;
+    cancelConfig.intRoutine = []() {
+        CancelButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+        CancelButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+        runASAP = true;
+        BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+    };
+    cancelConfig.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL;
+    cancelConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_SHUTDOWN;
+    cancelConfig.longPressTime = 4000;
+    CancelButtonThread->initButton(cancelConfig);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ALT_BUTTON_PIN)
+    // Buttons. Moved here cause we need NodeDB to be initialized
+    BackButtonThread = new ButtonThread("BackButton");
+    ButtonConfig backConfig;
+    backConfig.pinNumber = ALT_BUTTON_PIN;
+    backConfig.activeLow = ALT_BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW;
+    backConfig.activePullup = ALT_BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP;
+    backConfig.pullupSense = pullup_sense;
+    backConfig.intRoutine = []() {
+        BackButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+        BackButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+        runASAP = true;
+        BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+    };
+    backConfig.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_ALT_PRESS;
+    backConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG;
+    backConfig.longPressTime = 500;
+    BackButtonThread->initButton(backConfig);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(BUTTON_PIN)
+#if defined(USERPREFS_BUTTON_PIN)
+    int _pinNum = config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : USERPREFS_BUTTON_PIN;
+#else
+    int _pinNum = config.device.button_gpio ? config.device.button_gpio : BUTTON_PIN;
+#endif
+#ifndef BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW
+#define BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW true
+#endif
+#ifndef BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP
+#define BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP true
+#endif
+
+    // Buttons. Moved here cause we need NodeDB to be initialized
+    // If your variant.h has a BUTTON_PIN defined, go ahead and define BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW and BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP
+    UserButtonThread = new ButtonThread("UserButton");
+    if (screen) {
+        ButtonConfig userConfig;
+        userConfig.pinNumber = (uint8_t)_pinNum;
+        userConfig.activeLow = BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW;
+        userConfig.activePullup = BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP;
+        userConfig.pullupSense = pullup_sense;
+        userConfig.intRoutine = []() {
+            UserButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+            UserButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+            concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+        };
+        userConfig.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS;
+        userConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_SELECT;
+        userConfig.longPressTime = 500;
+        userConfig.longLongPress = INPUT_BROKER_SHUTDOWN;
+        UserButtonThread->initButton(userConfig);
+    } else {
+        ButtonConfig userConfigNoScreen;
+        userConfigNoScreen.pinNumber = (uint8_t)_pinNum;
+        userConfigNoScreen.activeLow = BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW;
+        userConfigNoScreen.activePullup = BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP;
+        userConfigNoScreen.pullupSense = pullup_sense;
+        userConfigNoScreen.intRoutine = []() {
+            UserButtonThread->userButton.tick();
+            UserButtonThread->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+            concurrency::mainDelay.interruptFromISR(&higherWake);
+        };
+        userConfigNoScreen.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS;
+        userConfigNoScreen.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+        userConfigNoScreen.longPressTime = 500;
+        userConfigNoScreen.longLongPress = INPUT_BROKER_SHUTDOWN;
+        userConfigNoScreen.doublePress = INPUT_BROKER_SEND_PING;
+        userConfigNoScreen.triplePress = INPUT_BROKER_GPS_TOGGLE;
+        UserButtonThread->initButton(userConfigNoScreen);
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if (HAS_BUTTON || ARCH_PORTDUINO) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER
+    if (config.display.displaymode != meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_COLOR) {
+#if defined(T_LORA_PAGER)
+        // use a special FSM based rotary encoder version for T-LoRa Pager
+        rotaryEncoderImpl = new RotaryEncoderImpl();
+        if (!rotaryEncoderImpl->init()) {
+            delete rotaryEncoderImpl;
+            rotaryEncoderImpl = nullptr;
+        }
+#elif defined(INPUTDRIVER_ENCODER_TYPE) && (INPUTDRIVER_ENCODER_TYPE == 2)
+        upDownInterruptImpl1 = new UpDownInterruptImpl1();
+        if (!upDownInterruptImpl1->init()) {
+            delete upDownInterruptImpl1;
+            upDownInterruptImpl1 = nullptr;
+        }
+#else
+        rotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1 = new RotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1();
+        if (!rotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1->init()) {
+            delete rotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1;
+            rotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1 = nullptr;
+        }
+#endif
+        cardKbI2cImpl = new CardKbI2cImpl();
+        cardKbI2cImpl->init();
+#if defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
+        i2cButton = new i2cButtonThread("i2cButtonThread");
+#endif
+#ifdef INPUTBROKER_MATRIX_TYPE
+        kbMatrixImpl = new KbMatrixImpl();
+        kbMatrixImpl->init();
+#endif // INPUTBROKER_MATRIX_TYPE
+#ifdef INPUTBROKER_SERIAL_TYPE
+        aSerialKeyboardImpl = new SerialKeyboardImpl();
+        aSerialKeyboardImpl->init();
+#endif // INPUTBROKER_MATRIX_TYPE
+    }
+#endif // HAS_BUTTON
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
+    if (config.display.displaymode != meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_COLOR && portduino_config.i2cdev != "") {
+        seesawRotary = new SeesawRotary("SeesawRotary");
+        if (!seesawRotary->init()) {
+            delete seesawRotary;
+            seesawRotary = nullptr;
+        }
+        aLinuxInputImpl = new LinuxInputImpl();
+        aLinuxInputImpl->init();
+    }
+#endif
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER && HAS_TRACKBALL
+    if (config.display.displaymode != meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_COLOR) {
+        trackballInterruptImpl1 = new TrackballInterruptImpl1();
+        trackballInterruptImpl1->init(TB_DOWN, TB_UP, TB_LEFT, TB_RIGHT, TB_PRESS);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef INPUTBROKER_EXPRESSLRSFIVEWAY_TYPE
+    expressLRSFiveWayInput = new ExpressLRSFiveWay();
+#endif
+}

src/input/InputBroker.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Observer.h"
+#include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
 #include "freertosinc.h"
 
 #ifdef InputBrokerDebug
@@ -27,6 +28,11 @@ enum input_broker_event {
     INPUT_BROKER_SHUTDOWN = 0x9b,
     INPUT_BROKER_GPS_TOGGLE = 0x9e,
     INPUT_BROKER_SEND_PING = 0xaf,
+    INPUT_BROKER_FN_F1 = 0xf1,
+    INPUT_BROKER_FN_F2 = 0xf2,
+    INPUT_BROKER_FN_F3 = 0xf3,
+    INPUT_BROKER_FN_F4 = 0xf4,
+    INPUT_BROKER_FN_F5 = 0xf5,
     INPUT_BROKER_MATRIXKEY = 0xFE,
     INPUT_BROKER_ANYKEY = 0xff
 
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ class InputBroker : public Observable<const InputEvent *>
     void queueInputEvent(const InputEvent *event);
     void processInputEventQueue();
 #endif
+    void Init();
 
   protected:
     int handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event);
@@ -84,4 +91,5 @@ class InputBroker : public Observable<const InputEvent *>
 #endif
 };
 
-extern InputBroker *inputBroker;
+extern InputBroker *inputBroker;
+extern bool runASAP;

src/input/SerialKeyboard.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 SerialKeyboard *globalSerialKeyboard = nullptr;
 
 #ifdef INPUTBROKER_SERIAL_TYPE
-#define CANNED_MESSAGE_MODULE_ENABLE 1 // in case it's not set in the variant file
 
 #if INPUTBROKER_SERIAL_TYPE == 1 // It's a Chatter
 // 3 SHIFT level (lower case, upper case, numbers), up to 4 repeated presses, button number

src/input/TCA8418KeyboardBase.h

@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ class TCA8418KeyboardBase
         GPS_TOGGLE = 0x9E,
         MUTE_TOGGLE = 0xAC,
         SEND_PING = 0xAF,
-        BL_TOGGLE = 0xAB
+        BL_TOGGLE = 0xAB,
+        FUNCTION_F1 = 0xF1,
+        FUNCTION_F2 = 0xF2,
+        FUNCTION_F3 = 0xF3,
+        FUNCTION_F4 = 0xF4,
+        FUNCTION_F5 = 0xF5
     };
 
     typedef uint8_t (*i2c_com_fptr_t)(uint8_t dev_addr, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);

src/input/TrackballInterruptBase.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "TrackballInterruptBase.h"
+#include "Throttle.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+
 extern bool osk_found;
 
 TrackballInterruptBase::TrackballInterruptBase(const char *name) : concurrency::OSThread(name), _originName(name) {}
@@ -55,17 +57,27 @@ int32_t TrackballInterruptBase::runOnce()
 {
     InputEvent e = {};
     e.inputEvent = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    if (lastInterruptTime && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 1000)) {
+        left_counter = 0;
+        right_counter = 0;
+        up_counter = 0;
+        down_counter = 0;
+        lastInterruptTime = 0;
+    }
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+    if (left_counter > 0 || right_counter > 0 || up_counter > 0 || down_counter > 0) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("L %u R %u U %u D %u, time %u", left_counter, right_counter, up_counter, down_counter, millis());
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
 
     // Handle long press detection for press button
     if (pressDetected && pressStartTime > 0) {
         uint32_t pressDuration = millis() - pressStartTime;
         bool buttonStillPressed = false;
 
-#if defined(T_DECK)
-        buttonStillPressed = (this->action == TB_ACTION_PRESSED);
-#else
         buttonStillPressed = !digitalRead(_pinPress);
-#endif
 
         if (!buttonStillPressed) {
             // Button released
@@ -134,23 +146,31 @@ int32_t TrackballInterruptBase::runOnce()
         }
     }
 
-#if defined(T_DECK) // T-deck gets a super-simple debounce on trackball
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
-    if (this->action == TB_ACTION_PRESSED && !pressDetected) {
+    if (this->action == TB_ACTION_PRESSED && (!pressDetected || pressStartTime == 0)) {
         // Start long press detection
         pressDetected = true;
         pressStartTime = millis();
         // Don't send event yet, wait to see if it's a long press
-    } else if (this->action == TB_ACTION_UP && lastEvent == TB_ACTION_UP) {
+    } else if (up_counter >= TB_THRESHOLD) {
-        // LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event UP");
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+        LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event UP %u", millis());
+#endif
         e.inputEvent = this->_eventUp;
-    } else if (this->action == TB_ACTION_DOWN && lastEvent == TB_ACTION_DOWN) {
+    } else if (down_counter >= TB_THRESHOLD) {
-        // LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event DOWN");
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+        LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event DOWN %u", millis());
+#endif
         e.inputEvent = this->_eventDown;
-    } else if (this->action == TB_ACTION_LEFT && lastEvent == TB_ACTION_LEFT) {
+    } else if (left_counter >= TB_THRESHOLD) {
-        // LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event LEFT");
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+        LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event LEFT %u", millis());
+#endif
         e.inputEvent = this->_eventLeft;
-    } else if (this->action == TB_ACTION_RIGHT && lastEvent == TB_ACTION_RIGHT) {
+    } else if (right_counter >= TB_THRESHOLD) {
-        // LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event RIGHT");
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+        LOG_DEBUG("Trackball event RIGHT %u", millis());
+#endif
         e.inputEvent = this->_eventRight;
     }
 #else
@@ -183,6 +203,12 @@ int32_t TrackballInterruptBase::runOnce()
         e.source = this->_originName;
         e.kbchar = 0x00;
         this->notifyObservers(&e);
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+        left_counter = 0;
+        right_counter = 0;
+        up_counter = 0;
+        down_counter = 0;
+#endif
     }
 
     // Only update lastEvent for non-press actions or completed press actions
@@ -198,25 +224,49 @@ int32_t TrackballInterruptBase::runOnce()
 
 void TrackballInterruptBase::intPressHandler()
 {
-    this->action = TB_ACTION_PRESSED;
+    if (!Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 10))
+        this->action = TB_ACTION_PRESSED;
+    lastInterruptTime = millis();
 }
 
 void TrackballInterruptBase::intDownHandler()
 {
-    this->action = TB_ACTION_DOWN;
+    if (TB_THRESHOLD || !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 10))
+        this->action = TB_ACTION_DOWN;
+    lastInterruptTime = millis();
+
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    down_counter++;
+#endif
 }
 
 void TrackballInterruptBase::intUpHandler()
 {
-    this->action = TB_ACTION_UP;
+    if (TB_THRESHOLD || !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 10))
+        this->action = TB_ACTION_UP;
+    lastInterruptTime = millis();
+
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    up_counter++;
+#endif
 }
 
 void TrackballInterruptBase::intLeftHandler()
 {
-    this->action = TB_ACTION_LEFT;
+    if (TB_THRESHOLD || !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 10))
+        this->action = TB_ACTION_LEFT;
+    lastInterruptTime = millis();
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    left_counter++;
+#endif
 }
 
 void TrackballInterruptBase::intRightHandler()
 {
-    this->action = TB_ACTION_RIGHT;
+    if (TB_THRESHOLD || !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastInterruptTime, 10))
+        this->action = TB_ACTION_RIGHT;
+    lastInterruptTime = millis();
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    right_counter++;
+#endif
 }

src/input/TrackballInterruptBase.h

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef TB_THRESHOLD
+#define TB_THRESHOLD 0
+#endif
+
 class TrackballInterruptBase : public Observable<const InputEvent *>, public concurrency::OSThread
 {
   public:
@@ -25,8 +29,6 @@ class TrackballInterruptBase : public Observable<const InputEvent *>, public con
     void intUpHandler();
     void intLeftHandler();
     void intRightHandler();
-    uint32_t lastTime = 0;
-
     virtual int32_t runOnce() override;
 
   protected:
@@ -67,4 +69,12 @@ class TrackballInterruptBase : public Observable<const InputEvent *>, public con
     input_broker_event _eventPressedLong = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
     const char *_originName;
     TrackballInterruptBaseActionType lastEvent = TB_ACTION_NONE;
+    volatile uint32_t lastInterruptTime = 0;
+
+#if TB_THRESHOLD
+    volatile uint8_t left_counter = 0;
+    volatile uint8_t right_counter = 0;
+    volatile uint8_t up_counter = 0;
+    volatile uint8_t down_counter = 0;
+#endif
 };