firmware/variants/nrf52840/diy/nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo/readme.md

Notes

News 2025-12-04 - The GPS pin definitions have been changed!!! This has no material effect on current builds, but future builders may wish to review how they are using the wires.

General

The pinout is contained in the variant.h file, and a generic schematic is located in this directory.

This variant is suitable for both TCXO and XTAL types of modules. The old XTAL variant has been removed to reduce confusion.

Note on DIO2, RXEN, TXEN, and RF switching

Several modules require external switching between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx). This can be achieved using several methods:

1. Link the TXEN pin on the radio module to DIO2 on the same module, and then connect RXEN on the radio module to pin 0.17 on the Pro-Micro.
2. Use DIO2 to drive a logic inverter, so that when DIO2 is high, RXEN is low, and vice versa.
3. Use DIO2 to drive a pair of MOSFETs or transistors to supply the same function.

RXEN is not required to be connected if the selected module already has internal RF switching, or if external RF switching logic is already applied. Also worth noting that the Seeed WIO SX1262 in particular only has RXEN exposed (marked RF_SW) and has the DIO2-TXEN link internally.

Making a node based on this variant

Making your own node based on this design is straightforward. There are various open source and free to use PCB design files available, or you can solder wires directly from a module to the pro-micro.

< Click to expand > The table of known modules is at the bottom of the variant.h, and reproduced here for convenience.

Mfr	Module	TCXO	RF Switch	Notes
Ebyte	E22-900M22S	Yes	Ext
Ebyte	E22-900MM22S	No	Ext
Ebyte	E22-900M30S	Yes	Ext
Ebyte	E22-900M33S	Yes	Ext	MAX_POWER must be set to 8 for this
Ebyte	E220-900M22S	No	Ext	LLCC68, looks like DIO3 not connected
AI-Thinker	RA-01SH	No	Int	SX1262
Heltec	HT-RA62	Yes	Int
NiceRF	Lora1262	yes	Int
Waveshare	Core1262-HF	yes	Ext
Waveshare	LoRa Node Module	yes	Int
Seeed	Wio-SX1262	yes	Ext	Cute! DIO2/TXEN are not exposed
Seeed	Wio-LR1121	yes	Int	LR1121, build -D LR1121_MODULE_WIO
AI-Thinker	RA-02	No	Int	SX1278 433mhz band only
RF Solutions	RFM95	No	Int	Untested
Ebyte	E80-900M2213S	Yes	Int	LR1121 radio

LR1121 modules - E80 is the default

The E80 from CDEbyte is the most obtainable module at present, and has been selected as the default option.

Naturally, CDEbyte have chosen to ignore the generic Semtech implementation of the RF switching logic and have supplied confusing and contradictory documentation, which is explained below.

tl;dr: The E80 is chosen as the default. If you wish to use another module, select it with an LR1121_MODULE_* build flag, or adjust the table in rfswitch.h accordingly.

rfswitch.h carries a matrix for each known LR1121 module, guarded by a build flag:

Build flag	Module
(none)	Ebyte E80-900M2213S
LR1121_MODULE_E80	Ebyte E80-900M2213S
LR1121_MODULE_WIO	Seeed Wio-LR1121

Add it to your environment in platformio.ini:

build_flags = ${nrf52840_base.build_flags}
  -I variants/nrf52840/diy/nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo
  -D NRF52_PROMICRO_DIY
  -D LR1121_MODULE_WIO

E80 switching - the saga

The CDEbyte implementation of the LR1121 is contained in their E80 module. As stated above, CDEbyte have chosen to ignore the generic Semtech implementation of the RF switching logic and have their own table, which is located at the bottom of the page here, and reflected on page 6 of their user manual, and reproduced below:

DIO5/RFSW0	DIO6/RFSW1	RF status
0	0	RX
0	1	TX (Sub-1GHz low power mode)
1	0	TX (Sub-1GHz high power mode)
1	1	TX（2.4GHz）

However, looking at the sample code they provide on page 9, the values would be:

DIO5/RFSW0	DIO6/RFSW1	RF status
0	1	RX
1	1	TX (Sub-1GHz low power mode)
1	0	TX (Sub-1GHz high power mode)
0	0	TX（2.4GHz）

The Semtech default, the values are (taken from here):

< Click to expand >

	.rfswitch = {
		.enable = LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW0_HIGH | LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW1_HIGH | LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW2_HIGH,
		.standby = 0,
		.rx = LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW0_HIGH,
		.tx = LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW0_HIGH | LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW1_HIGH,
		.tx_hp = LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW1_HIGH,
		.tx_hf = 0,
		.gnss = LR11XX_SYSTEM_RFSW2_HIGH,
		.wifi = 0,
	},

DIO5/RFSW0	DIO6/RFSW1	RF status
1	0	RX
1	1	TX (Sub-1GHz low power mode)
0	1	TX (Sub-1GHz high power mode)
0	0	TX（2.4GHz）

It is evident from the tables above that there is no real consistency to those provided by Ebyte.

An experiment

Tests were conducted in each of the three configurations between a known-good SX1262 and an E80, passing packets in both directions and recording the reported RSSI. The E80 was set at 22db and 14db to activate the high and low power settings respectively. The results are shown in the chart below.

Conclusion

The RF switching is based on the code example given. Logically, this shows the DIO5 and DIO6 are swapped compared to the reference design.

Seeed Wio-LR1121

The Wio is the counter-example to the E80: it follows the Semtech reference exactly, so no swap is needed. Its internal switch is a Skyworks SKY13373-460LF, controlled by DIO5 (V1) and DIO6 (V2) only - there is no third control line, so DIO7 is left out of the pin list. Section 4.5 of the module datasheet, "True Table of the Internal RF Switch", gives:

V1 (DIO5)	V2 (DIO6)	Status	RadioLib mode
0	0	Shutdown	MODE_STBY
1	0	RFI_P_LF & RFI_N_LF	MODE_RX
0	1	RFO_HP_LF	MODE_TX_HP
1	1	RFO_LP_LF	MODE_TX

Note that the LR1121 has no GNSS or WiFi scanning, so MODE_GNSS and MODE_WIFI are left in the shutdown state.

Select it with -D LR1121_MODULE_WIO.

If future DIYers wish to use a module not listed above, add a matrix for it to rfswitch.h behind a new LR1121_MODULE_* guard.