Bump version to 0.0.7

- Add IOptionSemanticHandler implementations for DNS/DHCP/auth/interface options
- Add shared syntax helpers (DnsmasqRrTypeSyntax, DnsmasqScopedDomainSyntax, etc.)
- Wire semantics and registry for multi/single options; metadata-only semantics
- RaParam: use DnsmasqRelaySyntax.IsInterfaceNameWithOptionalTrailingWildcard so
  interface names allow only trailing *, not asterisks in the middle (eth*0, *eth0)
- Tests: RaParam trailing-wildcard and invalid-asterisk cases

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           docker run --rm \
             -v "${{ github.workspace }}:/src" -w /src \
-            mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:9.0 \
-            ./scripts/publish-self-contained.sh ${{ matrix.rid }}
+            mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0 \
+            ./scripts/publish-self-contained.sh ${{ matrix.rid }} ${{ github.ref_name }}
 
       - name: Setup .NET
         if: matrix.rid == 'linux-musl-x64' || matrix.rid == 'linux-musl-arm64'
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
         with:
-          dotnet-version: '9.0.x'
+          dotnet-version: '10.0.x'
 
       - name: Publish for ${{ matrix.rid }} (musl on host)
         if: matrix.rid == 'linux-musl-x64' || matrix.rid == 'linux-musl-arm64'
-        run: ./scripts/publish-self-contained.sh ${{ matrix.rid }}
+        run: ./scripts/publish-self-contained.sh ${{ matrix.rid }} ${{ github.ref_name }}
 
       - name: Zip publish output
         run: |
-          PUBLISH_DIR="src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net9.0/${{ matrix.rid }}/publish"
+          PUBLISH_DIR="src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net10.0/${{ matrix.rid }}/publish"
           (cd "$PUBLISH_DIR" && zip -r "../../../../../../../dnsmasq-webui-${{ matrix.rid }}.zip" .)
 
       - name: Upload artifact

.gitignore

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ testdata-mount/
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
 
-# User-specific
+# User-specific / runtime
 appsettings.*.local.json
+appsettings.Overrides.json
 *.local

Dockerfile

@@ -2,13 +2,21 @@
 # Both run as root; file permissions work because config dirs are in the container.
 # For dnsmasq on the host, use the self-contained publish (scripts/publish-self-contained.sh)
 # or run the app on the host; see DnsmasqOptions XML doc for permissions and ReloadCommand scope.
+#
+# Dnsmasq install mode for the test harness:
+# - DNSMASQ_VERSION=latest (default): build the latest stable upstream dnsmasq release.
+# - DNSMASQ_VERSION=<version>       : build that exact upstream release (e.g. 2.91).
+# - DNSMASQ_VERSION=distro          : use the distro package from apt.
+#
+# This keeps day-to-day harness use close to upstream while still allowing pinned-version testing.
 
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:9.0 AS base
+ARG DNSMASQ_VERSION=
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:10.0 AS base
 WORKDIR /app
 EXPOSE 8080
 EXPOSE 8081
 
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:9.0 AS build
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0 AS build
 WORKDIR /src
 COPY ["src/DnsmasqWebUI/DnsmasqWebUI.csproj", "src/DnsmasqWebUI/"]
 RUN dotnet restore "src/DnsmasqWebUI/DnsmasqWebUI.csproj"
@@ -19,15 +27,37 @@ RUN dotnet build "DnsmasqWebUI.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build
 FROM build AS publish
 RUN dotnet publish "DnsmasqWebUI.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish /p:UseAppHost=false
 
-FROM base AS app
+FROM base AS final
+ARG DNSMASQ_VERSION=latest
 WORKDIR /app
 ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://+:8080
-COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
-
-FROM app AS final
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends dnsmasq procps \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-COPY scripts/entrypoint.sh .
-COPY scripts/dnsmasq-status.sh .
+# Install dnsmasq either from the distro package or by building an upstream release.
+RUN if [ "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" = "distro" ]; then \
+    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends dnsmasq procps \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
+    else \
+    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends procps curl build-essential xz-utils ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    && if [ "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" = "latest" ]; then \
+         DNSMASQ_VERSION="$(curl -fsSL https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/ | grep -o 'dnsmasq-[0-9][0-9.]*\.tar\.xz' | sed 's/^dnsmasq-//; s/\.tar\.xz$//' | sort -V | tail -n1)"; \
+       fi \
+    && test -n "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" \
+    && echo "Building dnsmasq $DNSMASQ_VERSION from upstream source" \
+    && curl -fsSL "https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/dnsmasq-${DNSMASQ_VERSION}.tar.xz" -o /tmp/dnsmasq.tar.xz \
+    && tar -C /tmp -xJf /tmp/dnsmasq.tar.xz \
+    && make -C /tmp/dnsmasq-${DNSMASQ_VERSION} -j"$(nproc)" \
+    && make -C /tmp/dnsmasq-${DNSMASQ_VERSION} install PREFIX=/usr \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/dnsmasq-${DNSMASQ_VERSION} /tmp/dnsmasq.tar.xz \
+    && apt-get purge -y build-essential curl xz-utils \
+    && apt-get autoremove -y --purge \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
+    fi
+COPY scripts/entrypoint.sh scripts/dnsmasq-status.sh ./
 RUN chmod +x entrypoint.sh dnsmasq-status.sh
+# curl for HEALTHCHECK (aspnet image has no curl/wget)
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+# .NET publish last - only this layer invalidates when code changes
+COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
 ENTRYPOINT ["./entrypoint.sh"]
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
+  CMD curl -f -s http://localhost:8080/healthz/ready || exit 1

README.md

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ A self-hosted web UI for managing [dnsmasq](https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/do
 - **DHCP host entries** (reservations) if you use DHCP; edit in the UI, written into the managed config.
 - **Reload dnsmasq** after config changes (configurable command, e.g. `systemctl reload dnsmasq` or `pkill -HUP -x dnsmasq`).
 - Optional **status** and **recent logs** commands (e.g. systemctl/journalctl or custom scripts) shown on the Dnsmasq page.
+- **Minimum dnsmasq version** check (configurable; e.g. 2.91). The UI can refuse to start or block config save if the detected version is too old. Version is shown on the Dnsmasq page with a link to release notes.
+- **Readiness endpoint** `GET /healthz/ready` for orchestration (Kubernetes, Docker, load balancers). Returns healthy when dnsmasq version meets the minimum and, if configured, dnsmasq is running. The Docker image includes a HEALTHCHECK that uses this endpoint.
 - **Self-contained Linux binaries** per OS/arch (RID); no .NET install required. Can run in Docker or directly on the host.
 
 <!-- SUGGESTED SCREENSHOT: MAIN CONFIG OR CONFIG EDITOR PAGE IN THE BROWSER -->
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ The recommended way to get a prebuilt binary is the **install script**. It picks
 curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui/master/scripts/install.sh | sh
 ```
 
-**From a git clone** (repo is detected from `git remote origin`):
+**From a git clone:**
 
 ```bash
 ./scripts/install.sh
@@ -102,8 +104,6 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system   # Also remove /opt/dnsm
 ./scripts/install.sh --version v1.0.0
 ```
 
-**Installing from a fork:** Pass the repo explicitly: `./scripts/install.sh --repo owner/dnsmasq-webui` or set `GITHUB_REPO=owner/dnsmasq-webui`. The default repo is `alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui`.
-
 **If the binary fails to run** (e.g. `TypeLoadException` or glibc errors): use the install script with `--build-from-source` so the app is built for your machine. This requires the .NET SDK and a **git clone** (it does not work when installing via `curl ... | sh`). Clone the repo, then run `./scripts/install.sh --build-from-source`. The script checks that .NET is installed, detects your OS/arch, and builds (on Ubuntu it may use a distro-specific RID for a better match). Other distros use the portable RID and may still hit runtime issues; building from source on the target machine is the most reliable.
 
 **Configuration:** Set at least `Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath` to your main dnsmasq config. See [Configuration](#configuration) for all options.
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
 ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
 ```
 
-Set `Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath`, `Dnsmasq__ReloadCommand`, and other options via environment variables or an `appsettings.json` in `/app`. Mount your config dir and expose 8080.
+Set `Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath`, `Dnsmasq__ReloadCommand`, and other options via environment variables or an `appsettings.json` in `/app`. Mount your config dir and expose 8080. The image includes a **HEALTHCHECK** that calls `GET /healthz/ready`; orchestration (e.g. Kubernetes readiness probe, or Compose `depends_on: condition: service_healthy`) can use the same endpoint.
 
 **Config summary for containers:**
 
@@ -175,8 +175,11 @@ Set `Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath`, `Dnsmasq__ReloadCommand`, and other options via e
 | `Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath` | `/data/dnsmasq.conf` | Main dnsmasq config path (required) |
 | `Dnsmasq__ReloadCommand` | `pkill -HUP -x dnsmasq` | Run after config changes |
 | `Dnsmasq__StatusShowCommand` | `/app/dnsmasq-status.sh` | Optional status output (e.g. our script in test harness) |
+| `Dnsmasq__MinimumVersion` | `2.91` | Minimum dnsmasq version (optional; default 2.91). Set `Dnsmasq__EnforceMinimumVersion=false` to allow older versions. |
 | `ASPNETCORE_URLS` | `http://+:8080` | Port the app listens on |
 
+**Readiness:** `GET http://localhost:8080/healthz/ready` returns JSON `{"status":"ok"}` when dnsmasq version meets the minimum and (if `StatusCommand` is set) dnsmasq is running. Use this for Kubernetes readiness probes, Docker HEALTHCHECK, or load balancer health checks.
+
 See [Configuration](#configuration) for all options.
 
 <!-- SUGGESTED SCREENSHOT: EXAMPLE DOCKERFILE SNIPPET OR DOCKER RUN COMMAND SHOWING DNSMASQ + APP IN ONE CONTAINER -->
@@ -207,6 +210,9 @@ The app is configured via **appsettings.json**, **environment variables**, and *
 | `StatusCommand` | Optional: check if dnsmasq is running | `pgrep -x dnsmasq` |
 | `StatusShowCommand` | Optional: full status output (e.g. systemctl status) | `systemctl status dnsmasq --no-pager` |
 | `LogsCommand` | Optional: recent logs (e.g. journalctl) | `journalctl -u dnsmasq -n 100 --no-pager` |
+| `VersionCommand` | Command to probe dnsmasq version (used for minimum-version check and UI display) | `dnsmasq --version` |
+| `MinimumVersion` | Minimum dnsmasq version required (e.g. 2.91). Some options need newer dnsmasq. | `2.91` |
+| `EnforceMinimumVersion` | If true, app fails to start when version probe fails or version is below minimum. If false, only save and readiness checks enforce. | `true` |
 
 **Application options** (use `Application__` prefix for env, `Application` section in JSON):
 
@@ -238,7 +244,6 @@ All scripts live under `scripts/` and are intended for Linux (WSL may work but i
 
 | Option | Description |
 |--------|-------------|
-| `--repo OWNER/REPO` | GitHub owner/repo (or set `GITHUB_REPO`). When run from a clone, repo is detected from `git remote origin`. Default repo: `alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui`. |
 | `--list` | List available releases (tag, name, published_at) and exit. |
 | `--version TAG` | Install from release TAG (e.g. v1.0.0). Default: latest. |
 | `--update` | Reinstall latest into the default user directory (~/.local/share/dnsmasq-webui). |
@@ -291,18 +296,14 @@ Invalid combinations (script errors with a clear message): `--purge` without `--
    Script lists release tags and dates; list-only mode cannot be combined with install/uninstall so you do not accidentally change the system.  
    **Command:** `./scripts/install.sh --list`
 
-10. **Install from a fork or a specific GitHub repo** instead of the default.  
-    You pass the repo; script uses it for the API. Without a clone or `--repo`/GITHUB_REPO it errors so you fix the command instead of getting a confusing API failure.  
-    **Command:** `./scripts/install.sh --repo owner/dnsmasq-webui` or `GITHUB_REPO=owner/dnsmasq-webui ./scripts/install.sh`
-
-11. **Install a specific release tag** (e.g. an older or pinned version) instead of latest.  
+10. **Install a specific release tag** (e.g. an older or pinned version) instead of latest.  
     Script fetches that tag's release and the asset for your RID. If no asset matches your OS/arch it errors and prints the asset names so you can pick another tag or report a missing build.  
     **Command:** `./scripts/install.sh --version v1.0.0`
 
 **Examples:**
 
 ```bash
-# Install latest (from clone: repo auto-detected; from curl: uses alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui by default, or use --repo)
+# Install latest
 ./scripts/install.sh
 
 # Update to latest release
@@ -329,8 +330,8 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 # Switch to another release (overwrites that dir)
 ./scripts/install.sh --dir ~/.local/share/dnsmasq-webui --version v0.9.0
 
-# List releases (from fork)
-./scripts/install.sh --repo alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui --list
+# List releases
+./scripts/install.sh --list
 ```
 
 **How the script works and avoids mistakes**
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
    `--uninstall` removes only systemd units and symlinks unless you add `--purge`. With `--purge`, you must say *which* install to remove: default user dir (no extra flags), `--dir DIR`, or `--system` for /opt. That avoids accidentally deleting the wrong directory.
 
 6. **Repo and release**  
-   When not in a git clone, the script needs a repo (e.g. `REPO_DEFAULT` in the one-liner or `--repo` / `GITHUB_REPO`). It errors with a clear message instead of hitting the GitHub API with an empty repo. If no asset matches your OS/arch (RID), it prints the available asset names so you can pick a different release or report a missing build.
+   If no asset matches your OS/arch (RID), the script prints the available asset names so you can pick a different release or report a missing build.
 
 7. **Dependencies**  
    The script requires `curl`, `jq`, and `unzip`. It checks for `jq` before calling the GitHub API and errors with an install hint. `--service` requires `systemctl` (systemd) and errors on non-systemd systems instead of writing a unit that won’t be used.
@@ -392,13 +393,13 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 ./scripts/publish-self-contained.sh --no-clean ubuntu.24.04-x64
 ```
 
-**Output:** `src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net9.0/<RID>/publish/`
+**Output:** `src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net10.0/<RID>/publish/`
 
 ---
 
 ### scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh
 
-**Purpose:** Prepare the testdata mount and optionally start or stop the Docker test harness (app + dnsmasq + DHCP clients). Syncs a source dir (default: `testdata`) into a mount dir (default: `testdata-mount`), cleans up previous test data, then runs `docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d` (or only prepares the mount with `--prepare-only`).
+**Purpose:** Prepare the testdata mount and optionally start or stop the Docker test harness (app + dnsmasq + DHCP clients). Syncs a source dir (default: `testdata`) into a mount dir (default: `testdata-mount`), cleans up previous test data, then runs `docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d` (or only prepares the mount with `--prepare-only`). By default the script resolves and uses the **latest stable upstream dnsmasq version**; you can pin a specific version (or use the distro package) for compatibility testing.
 
 **Usage:** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh [OPTIONS] [--]`
 
@@ -408,9 +409,11 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 |--------|-------------|
 | `--source DIR` | Source to copy from (default: `testdata`). |
 | `--mount DIR` | Target mount directory (default: `testdata-mount`). Compose uses `TESTDATA_MOUNT`; script exports it when you use `--mount`. |
-| `--no-clear` | Do not clear mount dir; only sync over existing contents (e.g. preserve leases between runs). |
+| `--dnsmasq-version V` | Dnsmasq version for the harness image: `latest` (default), `distro`, or an exact upstream version like `2.91`. |
+| `--clear` | Clear the mount dir completely before sync for a clean run. Default: preserve existing contents and sync over them. |
 | `--prepare-only` | Only prepare the mount; do not run docker compose. |
 | `--build` | Pass `--build` to docker compose (rebuild images). Default: use existing images. |
+| `--no-cache-build` | Run `docker compose build --pull --no-cache` before start. Use to force a fresh image build and refresh the resolved latest dnsmasq version. |
 | `--no-build` | Do not rebuild (default). |
 | `--recreate` | Pass `--force-recreate` to docker compose. |
 | `--stop` | Stop the harness: `docker compose down` (no prepare, no start). |
@@ -426,12 +429,22 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 # Rebuild images then start
 ./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --build
 
+# Force a fresh image build with no Docker build cache
+./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-cache-build
+
+# Rebuild with a specific dnsmasq version
+./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --dnsmasq-version 2.91 --build
+
+# Use the distro package instead of an upstream build
+./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --dnsmasq-version distro --build
+
 # Only prepare the mount; start manually later
 ./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --prepare-only
-# Then: TESTDATA_MOUNT=./testdata-mount docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d
+# Then use the version printed by the script, e.g.:
+# TESTDATA_MOUNT=./testdata-mount DNSMASQ_VERSION=<resolved-version> docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d
 
-# Preserve mount contents, sync over it, start
-./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-clear
+# Preserve mount contents, sync over it, start (default behavior)
+./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh
 
 # Stop the harness
 ./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --stop
@@ -456,6 +469,21 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 
 **Usage:** Set `DNSMASQ_CONF` to the path of the dnsmasq config file inside the container (e.g. `/data/dnsmasq-test.conf`). No CLI arguments.
 
+---
+
+### scripts/extract-option-help.sh
+
+**Purpose:** Fetch the dnsmasq man page HTML and extract per-option help fragments into `src/DnsmasqWebUI/wwwroot/option-help/*.html`. The Effective Config UI loads these when the user clicks an option label (tooltip is from code; full help is from these files). Requires Docker (uses a temporary `python:3-slim` container). When adding new options to the UI, add the option key to the script’s `OPTION_KEYS` list (keep in sync with `EffectiveConfigSections` / `DnsmasqOptionTooltips`), then run this script so help is available for the new option (if it exists in the man page).
+
+**Usage:** `./scripts/extract-option-help.sh [--url URL] [--output-dir DIR]`
+
+| Option | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `--url URL` | Man page URL (default: https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html). |
+| `--output-dir DIR` | Output directory (default: `src/DnsmasqWebUI/wwwroot/option-help`). |
+
+Run from the repo root. Writes one `.html` file per option that appears in the man page OPTIONS section; options in `OPTION_KEYS` but not in the man page are skipped.
+
 <!-- SUGGESTED SCREENSHOT: TERMINAL WITH PREPARE-TEST-MOUNT.SH USAGE OR DOCKER COMPOSE UP OUTPUT -->
 
 ---
@@ -477,9 +505,9 @@ sudo ./scripts/install.sh --uninstall --purge --system
 
 **Codebase overview:**
 
-- **Entry and config:** `Program.cs` wires the host; configuration (e.g. `Dnsmasq__*`) is in `Configuration/` (`DnsmasqOptions`, `ApplicationOptions`). Options are validated at startup.
-- **Config and hosts:** Services in `Services/` and `Services/Abstractions/` read and write dnsmasq config and hosts. A **managed** config file and optional managed hosts file are written by the app; the main config must include the managed file (e.g. via a final `conf-file=` line). Caches (`ConfigSetCache`, `HostsCache`) keep in-memory snapshots and refresh on file changes or staleness.
-- **Parsers and models:** `Parsers/` parses dnsmasq config lines and files (`DnsmasqConfIncludeParser`, `DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser`, etc.). Models in `Models/` represent config sets, config, sources, DHCP entries, hosts, leases.
+- **Entry and config:** `Program.cs` wires the host; configuration (e.g. `Dnsmasq__*`) lives in `Models/Config/` (`DnsmasqOptions`, `ApplicationOptions`, `DnsmasqOptionsValidator`). Options are validated at startup.
+- **Infrastructure:** Under `Infrastructure/`: **Client/** (HTTP API clients and `Abstractions/`), **Services/** and **Services/Abstractions/** (caches, config/hosts/leases services, reload, hosted services), **Parsers/** (dnsmasq config and hosts line parsers), **Helpers/Config/** and **Helpers/Http/** (option keys, encoding, tooltips, JSON options). A **managed** config file and optional managed hosts file are written by the app; the main config must include the managed file (e.g. via a final `conf-file=` line). Caches (`ConfigSetCache`, `HostsCache`) keep in-memory snapshots and refresh on file changes or staleness.
+- **Models:** `Models/Config/` (options, validators, `DnsmasqConfLine`); `Models/Contracts/` (snapshots and DTOs such as `ConfigSetSnapshot`, `HostsSnapshot`, `ManagedConfigContent`, `ProcessRunResult`, `ReloadResult`); `Models/Dnsmasq/` (status, `SaveWithReloadResult`, and `EffectiveConfig/` for effective config and sources); `Models/Client/`, `Models/Dhcp/`, `Models/Hosts/` (UI and API DTOs).
 - **API and UI:** `Controllers/` expose API endpoints; `Components/` contains Blazor Server components for config editor, hosts, DHCP, Dnsmasq status, and app settings. Static assets in `wwwroot/`.
 - **Tests:** `DnsmasqWebUI.Tests` contains unit tests for parsers, config set service, config, and related logic. Run with `dotnet test`.
 

agents.md

@@ -17,17 +17,20 @@ From the repo root:
 
 This will:
 
-1. Clear `testdata-mount/` (unless you pass `--no-clear`)
-2. Sync `testdata/` → `testdata-mount/`
-3. Remove any `*dnsmasq-webui*.conf` in the mount so dnsmasq starts clean
+1. Sync `testdata/` to `testdata-mount/` (preserving existing contents unless you pass `--clear`)
+2. Remove any `*dnsmasq-webui*.conf` in the mount so dnsmasq starts clean
+3. Resolve the requested dnsmasq version (`latest` by default) to a concrete value when needed
 4. Run `docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d --build`
 
 - **Quick restart (no image rebuild):** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-build`
+- **Force a fresh image build:** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-cache-build`
+- **Pin dnsmasq version:** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --dnsmasq-version 2.91 --build`
+- **Use distro package:** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --dnsmasq-version distro --build`
 - **Prepare mount only (no start):** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --prepare-only`  
-  Then start manually: `TESTDATA_MOUNT=./testdata-mount docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d [--build]`
-- **Preserve mount (e.g. keep leases):** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-clear --no-build`
+  Then start manually with the version printed by the script: `TESTDATA_MOUNT=./testdata-mount DNSMASQ_VERSION=<resolved-version> docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d [--build]`
+- **Preserve mount (e.g. keep leases):** `./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh --no-build` (default mount behavior)
 
-App is at **http://localhost:8080**. Main config path in the container is `/data/dnsmasq-test.conf`; managed file is `zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf` in the same directory.
+App is at **http://localhost:8080**. Main config path in the container is `/data/dnsmasq-test.conf`; managed file is `zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf` in the same directory. The app service has a healthcheck (`GET /healthz/ready`); DHCP client services use `depends_on: app: condition: service_healthy` so they start only after the app (and dnsmasq) is ready.
 
 ### Stop the harness
 
@@ -49,6 +52,8 @@ Stops the harness and deletes the contents of `testdata-mount/` so the next run
 
 - `--source DIR` — Source to sync from (default: `testdata`)
 - `--mount DIR` — Mount directory (default: `testdata-mount`). The script exports `TESTDATA_MOUNT=./DIR` when you use `--mount`, so compose uses it.
+- `--dnsmasq-version V` — Dnsmasq version for the harness image: `latest` (default), `distro`, or an exact upstream version like `2.91`.
+- `--no-cache-build` — Force a fresh image build with `docker compose build --pull --no-cache` before start.
 
 Example: sync from a custom dir and start:
 
@@ -76,5 +81,12 @@ Build only: `dotnet build`
 
 - **testdata/** — Source for the harness mount. Synced to `testdata-mount/` by `prepare-test-mount.sh`. Unit tests read from the copy in the test output dir. See **testdata/README** for the full layout.
 - **testdata/dnsmasq-test.conf** — Harness main config (`/data/dnsmasq-test.conf`). Richer config: multiple `server=`, `addn-hosts=`, `address=`, `listen-address=`, `conf-dir=/data/dnsmasq.d`.
-- **testdata/dnsmasq.d/** — Included configs (01-other.conf, 02-servers.conf, dhcp.conf). App creates `zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf` here when running.
+- **testdata/dnsmasq.d/** — Included configs (01-other.conf, 02-servers.conf, 03-more.conf, dhcp.conf). App creates `zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf` here when running.
 - **testdata/hosts**, **testdata/hosts.extra** — Addn-hosts files so effective config has multiple addn-hosts; UI can show source per path.
+
+## When adding new effective-config options
+
+When adding a new dnsmasq option to the Effective Config UI (new key in `DnsmasqConfKeys`, section, kind map, parser/write behavior, tooltip, etc.):
+
+1. **Option help:** Add the option key (lowercase, e.g. `no-round-robin`) to the `OPTION_KEYS` list in `scripts/extract-option-help.sh` (keep in sync with `EffectiveConfigSections`). Then run `./scripts/extract-option-help.sh` so `wwwroot/option-help/<key>.html` is generated if the option exists in the dnsmasq man page.
+2. **Testdata (optional):** To show the option in the UI when using the harness or testdata, add a line to e.g. `testdata/dnsmasq.d/03-more.conf` and update `testdata/README` if needed.

docker-compose.test.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Run the app with real dnsmasq and several DHCP clients so hosts/leases are real.
 # Some clients also make periodic DNS requests so the DNS cache and logs show activity.
-# Prepare mount: ./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh [--prepare-only | --no-build | --recreate | --source DIR | --mount DIR]
+# Prepare mount: ./scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh [--minimal-conf | --prepare-only | ...]
 # Or set TESTDATA_MOUNT to override the data volume (default: ./testdata-mount).
+# Set TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF to override main config path (default: /data/dnsmasq-test.conf; use /data/dnsmasq-test-minimal.conf for minimal).
 #
 # No systemd in container (dnsmasq runs as a process from entrypoint, like most dnsmasq images).
 # StatusShowCommand/LogsCommand use ps so the Service status / Recent logs sections show something
@@ -13,19 +14,31 @@ services:
   app:
     build:
       context: .
+      args:
+        DNSMASQ_VERSION: ${DNSMASQ_VERSION:-latest}
     ports:
       - "8080:8080"
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "-s", "http://localhost:8080/healthz/ready"]
+      interval: 30s
+      timeout: 5s
+      start_period: 5s
+      retries: 3
     cap_add:
       - NET_ADMIN
     environment:
-      DNSMASQ_CONF: /data/dnsmasq-test.conf
-      Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath: /data/dnsmasq-test.conf
+      DNSMASQ_CONF: ${TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF:-/data/dnsmasq-test.conf}
+      Dnsmasq__MainConfigPath: ${TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF:-/data/dnsmasq-test.conf}
       Dnsmasq__ManagedFileName: zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf
+      # No systemd in container: restart by killing and re-running dnsmasq (same as entrypoint.sh). Config path must match DNSMASQ_CONF/MainConfigPath.
+      Dnsmasq__RestartCommand: "pkill -x dnsmasq || true; sleep 1; dnsmasq --test --conf-file=${TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF:-/data/dnsmasq-test.conf} && dnsmasq --conf-file=${TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF:-/data/dnsmasq-test.conf}"
       Dnsmasq__ReloadCommand: "pkill -HUP -x dnsmasq"
       Dnsmasq__StatusCommand: "pgrep -x dnsmasq"
       # Simulated systemctl status + real logs (dnsmasq logs to /data/dnsmasq.log via log-facility in dnsmasq-test.conf)
       Dnsmasq__StatusShowCommand: "/app/dnsmasq-status.sh"
       Dnsmasq__LogsCommand: "tail -n 100 /data/dnsmasq.log 2>/dev/null || echo '(no log file yet)'"
+      # Persist runtime log level across container restarts
+      RuntimeOverrides__FilePath: "/data/appsettings.Overrides.json"
     volumes:
       - ${TESTDATA_MOUNT:-./testdata-mount}:/data
     networks:
@@ -39,7 +52,8 @@ services:
     networks:
       testnet: {}
     depends_on:
-      - app
+      app:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
   # DHCP + periodic DNS lookups (every 20s) so DNS cache/logs show activity.
   dhcp-client-dns-a:
@@ -58,7 +72,8 @@ services:
     networks:
       testnet: {}
     depends_on:
-      - app
+      app:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
   # DHCP + periodic DNS lookups (every 45s); different interval for variety.
   dhcp-client-dns-b:
@@ -77,7 +92,8 @@ services:
     networks:
       testnet: {}
     depends_on:
-      - app
+      app:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
   # Third DHCP-only client so the leases table has more entries.
   dhcp-client-2:
@@ -86,7 +102,8 @@ services:
     networks:
       testnet: {}
     depends_on:
-      - app
+      app:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
 networks:
   testnet:

scripts/dnsmasq-status.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,22 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Simulates "systemctl status dnsmasq" output when run in a container without systemd.
 # Uses ps/pgrep. Memory is RSS. Uptime line omitted; Active line has break after semicolon with continuation indented.
+# When dnsmasq is not running, runs dnsmasq --test to show config/startup errors (use DNSMASQ_CONF for config path).
 
 pid=$(pgrep -x dnsmasq)
 if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
   echo "● dnsmasq.service - dnsmasq - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server"
   echo "     Loaded: (container, no systemd)"
   echo "     Active: inactive (dead)"
+  conf="${DNSMASQ_CONF:-/etc/dnsmasq.conf}"
+  if [ -f "$conf" ]; then
+    err=$(dnsmasq --test --conf-file="$conf" 2>&1)
+    if [ -n "$err" ]; then
+      echo ""
+      echo "     Config test (dnsmasq --test):"
+      echo "$err" | sed 's/^/       /'
+    fi
+  fi
   echo ""
   exit 0
 fi

scripts/extract-option-help.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Extract per-option HTML from the dnsmasq man page for use as field help in the web UI.
+#
+# Runs a temporary Python (BeautifulSoup) container to fetch the page, parse the OPTIONS
+# <DL>/<DT>/<DD> blocks, and write one .html file per option. The container is removed
+# when done. If the page URL or structure changes, pass a new --url.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   ./scripts/extract-option-help.sh [--url URL] [--output-dir DIR]
+#
+# Requires: Docker (python:3-slim image will be pulled if missing)
+
+set -e
+
+DEFAULT_URL="https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html"
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIR="src/DnsmasqWebUI/wwwroot/option-help"
+URL="$DEFAULT_URL"
+OUTPUT_DIR="$DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIR"
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --url)        URL="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --output-dir) OUTPUT_DIR="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    *) echo "Unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ "$OUTPUT_DIR" != /* ]] && OUTPUT_DIR="$PWD/$OUTPUT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+
+SCRIPT_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+trap 'rm -f "$SCRIPT_FILE"' EXIT
+
+# Embed Python script (uses requests + BeautifulSoup; runs inside container)
+cat << 'PYTHON_SCRIPT' > "$SCRIPT_FILE"
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import requests
+    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+except ImportError:
+    sys.stderr.write("Installing requests and beautifulsoup4...\n")
+    import subprocess
+    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "-q", "requests", "beautifulsoup4"])
+    import requests
+    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+
+OUT_DIR = "/out"
+URL = os.environ.get("URL", "https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html")
+
+# One per line; keep in sync with DnsmasqOptionTooltips / EffectiveConfigSections.
+OPTION_KEYS = [
+    "no-hosts",
+    "addn-hosts",
+    "hostsdir",
+    "read-ethers",
+    "server",
+    "local",
+    "rev-server",
+    "address",
+    "resolv-file",
+    "no-resolv",
+    "domain-needed",
+    "port",
+    "log-queries",
+    "strict-order",
+    "all-servers",
+    "auth-ttl",
+    "edns-packet-max",
+    "query-port",
+    "port-limit",
+    "min-port",
+    "max-port",
+    "dns-loop-detect",
+    "stop-dns-rebind",
+    "rebind-localhost-ok",
+    "clear-on-reload",
+    "expand-hosts",
+    "bogus-priv",
+    "rebind-domain-ok",
+    "bogus-nxdomain",
+    "ignore-address",
+    "alias",
+    "filter-rr",
+    "filterwin2k",
+    "filter-A",
+    "filter-AAAA",
+    "localise-queries",
+    "fast-dns-retry",
+    "ipset",
+    "nftset",
+    "domain",
+    "cname",
+    "mx-host",
+    "srv-host",
+    "ptr-record",
+    "txt-record",
+    "naptr-record",
+    "host-record",
+    "dynamic-host",
+    "interface-name",
+    "mx-target",
+    "localmx",
+    "selfmx",
+    "dhcp-authoritative",
+    "dhcp-rapid-commit",
+    "leasefile-ro",
+    "dhcp-script",
+    "dhcp-leasefile",
+    "dhcp-lease-max",
+    "dhcp-ttl",
+    "dhcp-range",
+    "dhcp-host",
+    "dhcp-option",
+    "dhcp-option-force",
+    "dhcp-match",
+    "dhcp-mac",
+    "dhcp-name-match",
+    "dhcp-ignore-names",
+    "dhcp-hostsfile",
+    "dhcp-optsfile",
+    "dhcp-hostsdir",
+    "dhcp-optsdir",
+    "dhcp-boot",
+    "dhcp-ignore",
+    "dhcp-vendorclass",
+    "dhcp-userclass",
+    "ra-param",
+    "slaac",
+    "enable-tftp",
+    "tftp-secure",
+    "tftp-no-fail",
+    "tftp-no-blocksize",
+    "tftp-root",
+    "pxe-prompt",
+    "pxe-service",
+    "dnssec",
+    "dnssec-check-unsigned",
+    "proxy-dnssec",
+    "trust-anchor",
+    "cache-rr",
+    "cache-size",
+    "local-ttl",
+    "no-negcache",
+    "neg-ttl",
+    "max-ttl",
+    "max-cache-ttl",
+    "min-cache-ttl",
+    "no-poll",
+    "bind-interfaces",
+    "bind-dynamic",
+    "log-debug",
+    "log-async",
+    "local-service",
+    "interface",
+    "listen-address",
+    "except-interface",
+    "auth-server",
+    "no-dhcp-interface",
+    "no-dhcpv4-interface",
+    "no-dhcpv6-interface",
+    "pid-file",
+    "user",
+    "group",
+    "log-facility",
+    "enable-dbus",
+    "enable-ubus",
+    "enable-ra",
+    "log-dhcp",
+    "keep-in-foreground",
+    "no-daemon",
+    "conntrack",
+    "connmark-allowlist-enable",
+    "no-round-robin",
+    "dns-forward-max",
+    "connmark-allowlist",
+    "do-0x20-encode",
+    "caa-record",
+    "dns-rr",
+    "synth-domain",
+    "auth-zone",
+    "auth-soa",
+    "auth-sec-servers",
+    "auth-peer",
+    "leasequery",
+    "dhcp-generate-names",
+    "dhcp-broadcast",
+    "dhcp-sequential-ip",
+    "dhcp-ignore-clid",
+    "bootp-dynamic",
+    "no-ping",
+    "script-arp",
+    "script-on-renewal",
+    "dhcp-no-override",
+    "dhcp-alternate-port",
+    "dhcp-duid",
+    "dhcp-luascript",
+    "dhcp-scriptuser",
+    "dhcp-relay",
+    "dhcp-circuitid",
+    "dhcp-remoteid",
+    "dhcp-subscrid",
+    "dhcp-proxy",
+    "tag-if",
+    "bridge-interface",
+    "shared-network",
+    "dhcp-pxe-vendor",
+    "dhcp-option-pxe",
+    "dnssec-no-timecheck",
+    "dnssec-debug",
+    "add-cpe-id",
+    "dnssec-timestamp",
+    "dnssec-limits",
+    "dumpfile",
+    "dumpmask",
+    "use-stale-cache",
+    "add-mac",
+    "strip-mac",
+    "add-subnet",
+    "strip-subnet",
+    "umbrella",
+    "quiet-dhcp",
+    "quiet-dhcp6",
+    "quiet-ra",
+    "quiet-tftp",
+]
+
+long_opt_re = re.compile(r"--([a-z][a-z0-9-]*)(?:=[^,\s]*)?", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+def option_names_from_dt(dt):
+    return [m.group(1).lower() for m in long_opt_re.finditer(dt.get_text())]
+
+def main():
+    r = requests.get(URL, timeout=30)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")
+    h2 = None
+    for el in soup.find_all("h2"):
+        if el.get_text(strip=True).upper() == "OPTIONS":
+            h2 = el
+            break
+    if not h2:
+        sys.stderr.write("Could not find OPTIONS H2\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    dl = h2.find_next("dl")
+    if not dl:
+        sys.stderr.write("Could not find DL after OPTIONS\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    # Build option -> (dt_html, dd_html) from raw HTML; split by <dt> so we get one block per option.
+    raw_dl = str(dl)
+    option_to_block = {}
+    blocks = re.split(r"<dt\b", raw_dl, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+    for block in blocks[1:]:
+        p_dt = block.find("</dt>") if "</dt>" in block.lower() else len(block) + 1
+        m_dd = re.search(r"<dd\b", block, re.IGNORECASE)
+        p_dd = m_dd.start() if m_dd else len(block) + 1
+        end_pos = min(p_dt, p_dd)
+        if end_pos > len(block):
+            continue
+        dt_part = block[:end_pos].strip()
+        rest = block[end_pos:]
+        if rest.lower().startswith("</dt>"):
+            rest = rest[6:].lstrip()
+        if ">" in dt_part:
+            dt_part = dt_part.split(">", 1)[1]
+        dt_html = "<dt>" + dt_part + "</dt>"
+        dd_match = re.search(r"<dd\b[^>]*>(.*)", rest, re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE)
+        dd_body = dd_match.group(1) if dd_match else ""
+        dd_body = re.split(r"</dd>|<dt\s|<dt>", dd_body, flags=re.IGNORECASE)[0].strip()
+        dd_html = "<dd>" + dd_body + "</dd>" if dd_body else "<dd></dd>"
+        soup_dt = BeautifulSoup(dt_html, "html.parser").find("dt")
+        if not soup_dt:
+            continue
+        for n in option_names_from_dt(soup_dt):
+            if n not in option_to_block:
+                option_to_block[n] = (dt_html, dd_html)
+    os.makedirs(OUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)
+    written = 0
+    for key in OPTION_KEYS:
+        norm = key.lower()
+        if norm not in option_to_block:
+            continue
+        dt_html, dd_html = option_to_block[norm]
+        frag = "\n".join([dt_html, dd_html])
+        safe = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9-]", "", norm) or key
+        path = os.path.join(OUT_DIR, f"{safe}.html")
+        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write(frag)
+        written += 1
+    print(f"Wrote {written} files to {OUT_DIR}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+PYTHON_SCRIPT
+
+echo "Fetching man page and extracting option help (Docker python:3-slim) ..."
+docker run --rm \
+  -v "$OUTPUT_DIR:/out" \
+  -v "$SCRIPT_FILE:/script.py:ro" \
+  -e "URL=$URL" \
+  -e "PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore" \
+  python:3-slim \
+  sh -c "pip install -q requests beautifulsoup4 && python /script.py"
+
+echo "Done. Files in $OUTPUT_DIR"

scripts/install.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh
 # Download and install dnsmasq-webui from a GitHub release. Picks the binary
 # matching the current OS/arch (RID). Run from a clone or via:
-#   curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui/main/scripts/install.sh | sh
-# When run from a clone, repo is detected from git remote origin.
+#   curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui/master/scripts/install.sh | sh
 set -e
 
-GITHUB_REPO="${GITHUB_REPO:-}"
-REPO_DEFAULT="${REPO_DEFAULT:-alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui}"
+GITHUB_REPO="alexhopeoconnor/dnsmasq-webui"
 
 RELEASE_TAG=""
 LIST=false
@@ -37,10 +35,6 @@ usage() {
   echo "Download and install dnsmasq-webui from a GitHub release for this machine's OS/arch."
   echo "Supports install, update, and switch-release (re-run with same --dir and different --version)."
   echo ""
-  echo "Repo (when not in a clone):"
-  echo "  --repo OWNER/REPO   GitHub owner/repo. Or set GITHUB_REPO. Or set REPO_DEFAULT in the script."
-  echo "                      When run inside a git clone with origin, repo is detected automatically."
-  echo ""
   echo "Release:"
   echo "  --list             List available releases (tag, name, published_at) and exit."
   echo "  --version TAG      Install from release TAG (e.g. v1.0.0). Default: latest."
@@ -72,7 +66,7 @@ usage() {
   echo "                     sudo $0 --uninstall --purge --system   # also remove /opt/dnsmasq-webui"
   echo ""
   echo "Examples:"
-  echo "  $0                          # Install latest (clone: auto repo; curl: use REPO_DEFAULT or --repo)"
+  echo "  $0                          # Install latest"
   echo "  $0 --update                  # Reinstall latest to default dir (upgrade)"
   echo "  $0 --version v1.0.0         # Install v1.0.0 to default dir"
   echo "  $0 --dir /opt/dnsmasq-webui  # Install to custom dir"
@@ -90,25 +84,26 @@ usage() {
   exit 0
 }
 
-# Trim whitespace and carriage return (e.g. from script downloaded on Windows or with CRLF).
-trim_repo() {
-  echo "$1" | tr -d '\r' | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*$//'
-}
-
 # Build CONFIG_VARS_FILE from env (DNSMASQ_WEBUI_*) then --set lines. Call before do_install when installing.
 # Result: key=value per line (env first, then --set so --set overrides). Safe for values with = in them.
 collect_config() {
   CONFIG_VARS_FILE="$(mktemp)"
   export CONFIG_VARS_FILE
-  # Env vars: strip DNSMASQ_WEBUI_ prefix; key=value per line
-  env | grep '^DNSMASQ_WEBUI_' | while IFS= read -r line; do
-    key="${line%%=*}"
-    key="${key#DNSMASQ_WEBUI_}"
-    value="${line#*=}"
-    printf '%s=%s\n' "$key" "$value" >> "$CONFIG_VARS_FILE"
-  done
+  # Env vars: strip DNSMASQ_WEBUI_ prefix; key=value per line. set +e so grep (no match) / read (EOF) / [ -f ] do not trigger exit.
+  set +e
+  env | grep '^DNSMASQ_WEBUI_' > "${CONFIG_VARS_FILE}.env" 2>/dev/null
+  if [ -f "${CONFIG_VARS_FILE}.env" ] && [ -s "${CONFIG_VARS_FILE}.env" ]; then
+    while IFS= read -r line; do
+      key="${line%%=*}"
+      key="${key#DNSMASQ_WEBUI_}"
+      value="${line#*=}"
+      printf '%s=%s\n' "$key" "$value" >> "$CONFIG_VARS_FILE"
+    done < "${CONFIG_VARS_FILE}.env"
+  fi
+  rm -f "${CONFIG_VARS_FILE}.env"
+  set -e
   # --set lines (last occurrence of each key wins when systemd reads the file)
-  [ -s "$CONFIG_SET_FILE" ] && cat "$CONFIG_SET_FILE" >> "$CONFIG_VARS_FILE"
+  [ -s "$CONFIG_SET_FILE" ] && cat "$CONFIG_SET_FILE" >> "$CONFIG_VARS_FILE" || true
 }
 
 # Write env file for the app/service. $1 = path. Adds ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://0.0.0.0:8080 if not in config (for service).
@@ -139,30 +134,6 @@ write_env_file() {
   fi
 }
 
-# Detect owner/repo from git remote, REPO_DEFAULT, or require --repo/GITHUB_REPO.
-detect_repo() {
-  if [ -n "$GITHUB_REPO" ]; then
-    GITHUB_REPO="$(trim_repo "$GITHUB_REPO")"
-    return
-  fi
-  if command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1 && git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    origin="$(git remote get-url origin 2>/dev/null)" || true
-    if [ -n "$origin" ]; then
-      GITHUB_REPO="$(echo "$origin" | sed -E 's|^https://github\.com/||; s|^git@github\.com:||; s|\.git$||; s|/$||')"
-      GITHUB_REPO="$(trim_repo "$GITHUB_REPO")"
-      if [ -n "$GITHUB_REPO" ]; then
-        return
-      fi
-    fi
-  fi
-  if [ -n "$REPO_DEFAULT" ]; then
-    GITHUB_REPO="$(trim_repo "$REPO_DEFAULT")"
-    return
-  fi
-  echo "Error: GitHub repo not set. Use --repo owner/repo, set GITHUB_REPO, or run from a clone. For the one-liner, set REPO_DEFAULT in the script." >&2
-  exit 1
-}
-
 # Require jq for parsing GitHub API JSON.
 check_jq() {
   if command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
@@ -172,6 +143,14 @@ check_jq() {
   exit 1
 }
 
+# Safely run jq on release JSON (avoids echo mangling). $1 = JSON, $2+ = jq args.
+jq_release() {
+  local json
+  json="$1"
+  shift
+  printf '%s' "$json" | jq -r "$@"
+}
+
 # Detect RID (same logic as publish-self-contained.sh).
 detect_arch() {
   case "$(uname -m)" in
@@ -219,6 +198,7 @@ print_env_detection() {
 }
 
 # GET release (latest or by tag). Output raw JSON to stdout.
+# Use </dev/null so curl does not consume stdin (script when run via curl | sh).
 fetch_release() {
   local api_url
   if [ -z "$RELEASE_TAG" ] || [ "$RELEASE_TAG" = "latest" ]; then
@@ -226,41 +206,46 @@ fetch_release() {
   else
     api_url="https://api.github.com/repos/$GITHUB_REPO/releases/tags/$RELEASE_TAG"
   fi
-  resp="$(curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -w "\n%{http_code}" "$api_url")"
-  code="$(echo "$resp" | tail -n1)"
-  body="$(echo "$resp" | sed '$d')"
+  resp="$(curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -w "\n%{http_code}" "$api_url" </dev/null)"
+  code="$(printf '%s' "$resp" | tail -n1)"
+  body="$(printf '%s' "$resp" | sed '$d')"
   if [ "$code" != "200" ]; then
     echo "Error: GitHub API returned $code for $api_url" >&2
-    echo "$body" | jq -r '.message // .' 2>/dev/null || echo "$body" >&2
+    body="$(printf '%s' "$body" | tr -d '\000-\011\013\014\016-\037')"
+    printf '%s' "$body" | jq -r '.message // .' 2>/dev/null || printf '%s' "$body" >&2
     exit 1
   fi
-  echo "$body"
+  # GitHub API can return release body with unescaped control chars; jq rejects them. Strip control chars (keep \n \r).
+  body="$(printf '%s' "$body" | tr -d '\000-\011\013\014\016-\037')"
+  printf '%s' "$body"
 }
 
 # List releases and exit.
 list_releases() {
   check_jq
-  detect_repo
   api_url="https://api.github.com/repos/$GITHUB_REPO/releases?per_page=20"
-  resp="$(curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -w "\n%{http_code}" "$api_url")"
-  code="$(echo "$resp" | tail -n1)"
-  body="$(echo "$resp" | sed '$d')"
+  resp="$(curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -w "\n%{http_code}" "$api_url" </dev/null)"
+  code="$(printf '%s' "$resp" | tail -n1)"
+  body="$(printf '%s' "$resp" | sed '$d')"
   if [ "$code" != "200" ]; then
     echo "Error: GitHub API returned $code" >&2
     exit 1
   fi
-  echo "$body" | jq -r '.[] | "\(.tag_name)  \(.name)  \(.published_at // .created_at)"'
+  body="$(printf '%s' "$body" | tr -d '\000-\011\013\014\016-\037')"
+  printf '%s' "$body" | jq -r '.[] | "\(.tag_name)  \(.name)  \(.published_at // .created_at)"'
   exit 0
 }
 
-# Find asset download URL whose name contains the given RID.
+# Find asset download URL whose name contains the given RID. Output trimmed single line or empty.
 find_asset_url() {
-  local release_json rid
+  local release_json rid raw
   release_json="$1"
   rid="$2"
-  echo "$release_json" | jq -r --arg rid "$rid" '
+  raw="$(jq_release "$release_json" --arg rid "$rid" '
     .assets[] | select(.name | test($rid)) | .browser_download_url
-  ' | head -n1
+  ' | head -n1)"
+  # Trim CR and leading/trailing whitespace (defensive for API quirks)
+  printf '%s' "$raw" | tr -d '\r' | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*$//'
 }
 
 # Remove user systemd unit (stop, disable, rm file). No root. Safe if not present.
@@ -361,7 +346,7 @@ do_install_from_source() {
     exit 1
   fi
   if ! command -v dotnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    echo "Error: --build-from-source requires the .NET SDK. Install from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download or your distro (e.g. apt install dotnet-sdk-9.0)." >&2
+    echo "Error: --build-from-source requires the .NET SDK. Install from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download or your distro (e.g. apt install dotnet-sdk-10.0)." >&2
     exit 1
   fi
 
@@ -386,7 +371,7 @@ do_install_from_source() {
     echo "Error: Could not determine RID from build output." >&2
     exit 1
   fi
-  publish_dir="$repo_root/src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net9.0/$rid/publish"
+  publish_dir="$repo_root/src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net10.0/$rid/publish"
   if [ ! -d "$publish_dir" ] || [ ! -f "$publish_dir/DnsmasqWebUI" ]; then
     echo "Error: Build output not found at $publish_dir" >&2
     exit 1
@@ -440,8 +425,8 @@ do_install() {
     return
   fi
 
+  echo "Installing dnsmasq-webui..."
   check_jq
-  detect_repo
 
   if [ "$SYSTEM_INSTALL" = true ]; then
     if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
@@ -468,20 +453,20 @@ do_install() {
   print_env_detection "$rid"
   echo "Fetching release..."
   release_json="$(fetch_release)"
-  tag="$(echo "$release_json" | jq -r '.tag_name')"
+  tag="$(jq_release "$release_json" '.tag_name')"
   echo "Release: $tag"
-  url="$(find_asset_url "$release_json" "$rid" | tr -d '\r' | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*$//')"
+  url="$(find_asset_url "$release_json" "$rid")"
   if [ -z "$url" ] || [ "$url" = "null" ]; then
     echo "Error: No asset found for RID $rid in release $tag." >&2
     echo "Available assets:" >&2
-    echo "$release_json" | jq -r '.assets[].name' | sed 's/^/  /' >&2
+    jq_release "$release_json" '.assets[].name' | sed 's/^/  /' >&2
     exit 1
   fi
 
   mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
-  tmpzip="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/dnsmasq-webui-$rid.zip"
+  tmpzip="$(mktemp)"
   echo "Downloading $url ..."
-  curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -o "$tmpzip" "$url"
+  curl -sSL -A "dnsmasq-webui-install/1.0" -o "$tmpzip" "$url" </dev/null
   echo "Extracting to $INSTALL_DIR ..."
   unzip -o -q "$tmpzip" -d "$INSTALL_DIR"
   rm -f "$tmpzip"
@@ -619,12 +604,6 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
     -h|-?|--help)
       usage
       ;;
-    --repo)
-      shift
-      [ $# -gt 0 ] || { echo "Error: --repo requires OWNER/REPO" >&2; exit 1; }
-      GITHUB_REPO="$1"
-      shift
-      ;;
     --list)
       LIST=true
       shift
@@ -689,26 +668,26 @@ if [ "$PURGE" = true ] && [ "$UNINSTALL" != true ]; then
   echo "Error: --purge must be used with --uninstall. E.g. $0 --uninstall --purge" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-  if [ "$UNINSTALL" = true ]; then
-    if [ "$UPDATE" = true ] || [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ] || [ "$SERVICE" = true ] || [ "$BUILD_FROM_SOURCE" = true ]; then
-      echo "Error: --uninstall cannot be combined with install/update options (--version, --update, --service, --build-from-source). Run uninstall alone, then install if needed." >&2
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    if [ "$LIST" = true ]; then
-      echo "Error: --uninstall cannot be combined with --list." >&2
-      exit 1
-    fi
+if [ "$UNINSTALL" = true ]; then
+  if [ "$UPDATE" = true ] || [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ] || [ "$SERVICE" = true ] || [ "$BUILD_FROM_SOURCE" = true ]; then
+    echo "Error: --uninstall cannot be combined with install/update options (--version, --update, --service, --build-from-source). Run uninstall alone, then install if needed." >&2
+    exit 1
   fi
-  if [ "$BUILD_FROM_SOURCE" = true ]; then
-    if [ "$LIST" = true ]; then
-      echo "Error: --build-from-source cannot be combined with --list." >&2
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    if [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ] || [ "$UPDATE" = true ]; then
-      echo "Error: --build-from-source builds from current source; do not use --version or --update." >&2
-      exit 1
-    fi
+  if [ "$LIST" = true ]; then
+    echo "Error: --uninstall cannot be combined with --list." >&2
+    exit 1
   fi
+fi
+if [ "$BUILD_FROM_SOURCE" = true ]; then
+  if [ "$LIST" = true ]; then
+    echo "Error: --build-from-source cannot be combined with --list." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ] || [ "$UPDATE" = true ]; then
+    echo "Error: --build-from-source builds from current source; do not use --version or --update." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
 if [ "$LIST" = true ]; then
   if [ "$UNINSTALL" = true ] || [ "$UPDATE" = true ] || [ "$SERVICE" = true ] || [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ]; then
     echo "Error: --list lists releases and exits; do not combine with install/uninstall options." >&2

scripts/prepare-test-mount.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # (app + dnsmasq + DHCP client). See testdata/README.md and docker-compose.test.yml.
 #
 # What this script does:
-#   Start (default): clear mount (unless --no-clear), sync source -> mount, clean up previous test data,
+#   Start (default): sync source -> mount (preserving existing unless --clear), clean up previous test data,
 #     then docker compose up -d [--build] [--force-recreate].
 #   --stop: docker compose down (stop and remove containers/networks).
 #   --tidy: docker compose down, then clear the mount directory for a clean next run.
@@ -15,21 +15,24 @@ COMPOSE_FILE="docker-compose.test.yml"
 
 SOURCE_DIR=""
 MOUNT_DIR=""
+DNSMASQ_VERSION=""
 PREPARE_ONLY=false
 BUILD=false
+NO_CACHE_BUILD=false
 RECREATE=false
-NO_CLEAR=false
+CLEAR=false
 STOP=false
 TIDY=false
+MINIMAL_CONF=false
 
 usage() {
   echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [--]"
   echo ""
   echo "Prepare the testdata mount directory and optionally start or stop the Docker test harness"
-  echo "(app + dnsmasq + DHCP client). By default: clear mount, sync testdata -> mount, then up -d (no rebuild)."
+  echo "(app + dnsmasq + DHCP client). By default: sync testdata -> mount (preserving existing), then up -d (no rebuild)."
   echo ""
   echo "Steps (when starting):"
-  echo "  1. Clear mount dir (unless --no-clear), then sync source -> mount."
+  echo "  1. Optionally clear mount dir (only with --clear), then sync source -> mount."
   echo "  2. Clean up previous test data (e.g. managed config) so the harness starts clean."
   echo "  3. If not --prepare-only: docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d [options]."
   echo ""
@@ -37,18 +40,25 @@ usage() {
   echo "  --source DIR        Source to copy from (default: testdata)"
   echo "  --mount DIR         Target mount directory (default: testdata-mount)"
   echo "                      Compose uses TESTDATA_MOUNT; script exports it if you use --mount."
+  echo "  --dnsmasq-version V Dnsmasq version for the harness image:"
+  echo "                      latest (default), distro, or an exact upstream version like 2.91."
+  echo "                      Non-default values require --build or --no-cache-build; script fails with --no-build."
   echo ""
   echo "Mount behaviour:"
-  echo "  (default)           Clear mount dir completely, then sync. Use for a clean run."
-  echo "  --no-clear          Do not clear mount dir; only sync over existing contents."
-  echo "                      Use to preserve leases or debug files between runs."
+  echo "  (default)           Preserve mount dir; sync source over existing contents."
+  echo "  --clear             Clear mount dir completely before sync. Use for a clean run."
   echo ""
   echo "Compose behaviour:"
+  echo "  --minimal-conf     Use minimal dnsmasq config (dnsmasq-test-minimal.conf) so effective"
+  echo "                      config has few readonly options; good for testing reload/restart failure flows."
   echo "  --prepare-only      Only prepare the mount; do not run docker compose."
   echo "                      Use to inspect or edit the mount before starting containers."
   echo "  --build             Pass --build to docker compose (rebuild images before starting)."
   echo "                      Use after changing the app or Dockerfile. Default: use existing images."
+  echo "  --no-cache-build    Rebuild images with --pull --no-cache before starting."
+  echo "                      Use to force a fresh image build and refresh 'latest' dnsmasq."
   echo "  --no-build          Do not rebuild (default). Use existing images for a quick restart."
+  echo "                      With --no-build, 'latest' is not resolved (no network)."
   echo "  --recreate          Pass --force-recreate to docker compose (recreate containers)."
   echo "                      Use to ensure fresh container state and mounts."
   echo ""
@@ -62,19 +72,22 @@ usage() {
   echo ""
   echo "Examples:"
   echo "  $0"
-  echo "                      Full run: clear mount, sync testdata, start containers (no rebuild)."
+  echo "                      Sync testdata to mount (preserving existing), start containers (no rebuild)."
   echo ""
   echo "  $0 --build"
-  echo "                      Clear and sync, then rebuild images and start containers."
+  echo "                      Sync, rebuild images, and start containers."
   echo ""
   echo "  $0 --recreate"
-  echo "                      Clear and sync, then up -d --force-recreate (fresh containers)."
+  echo "                      Sync, then up -d --force-recreate (fresh containers)."
   echo ""
-  echo "  $0 --no-clear"
-  echo "                      Preserve mount contents, sync over it, start (no rebuild)."
+  echo "  $0 --no-cache-build"
+  echo "                      Force a fresh image build (no Docker build cache), then start containers."
+  echo ""
+  echo "  $0 --clear"
+  echo "                      Clear mount, sync testdata, start (clean run, no rebuild)."
   echo ""
   echo "  $0 --prepare-only"
-  echo "                      Only clear and sync testdata -> testdata-mount; no containers."
+  echo "                      Only sync testdata -> testdata-mount; no containers."
   echo "                      Then run: docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d [--build]"
   echo ""
   echo "  $0 --source myfixtures --mount mymount --prepare-only"
@@ -86,6 +99,38 @@ usage() {
   echo ""
   echo "  $0 --tidy"
   echo "                      Stop harness and clear testdata-mount for a clean next run."
+  echo ""
+  echo "  $0 --minimal-conf"
+  echo "                      Use dnsmasq-test-minimal.conf (single file, few options) and start."
+  echo ""
+  echo "  $0 --dnsmasq-version 2.91 --build"
+  echo "                      Rebuild the harness image with dnsmasq 2.91."
+}
+
+fetch_url() {
+  if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    curl -fsSL "$1"
+    return $?
+  fi
+  if command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    wget -qO- "$1"
+    return $?
+  fi
+  echo "Error: need curl or wget to resolve the latest upstream dnsmasq version." >&2
+  return 1
+}
+
+resolve_dnsmasq_version() {
+  if [ "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" != "latest" ]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  RESOLVED_VERSION="$(fetch_url "https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/" | sed -n 's/.*LATEST_IS_\([0-9][0-9.]*\).*/\1/p' | head -n1)"
+  if [ -z "$RESOLVED_VERSION" ]; then
+    echo "Error: could not resolve the latest upstream dnsmasq version." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  DNSMASQ_VERSION="$RESOLVED_VERSION"
 }
 
 while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
@@ -106,8 +151,14 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
       MOUNT_DIR="$1"
       shift
       ;;
-    --no-clear)
-      NO_CLEAR=true
+    --dnsmasq-version)
+      shift
+      [ $# -gt 0 ] || { echo "Error: --dnsmasq-version requires VERSION" >&2; exit 1; }
+      DNSMASQ_VERSION="$1"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    --clear)
+      CLEAR=true
       shift
       ;;
     --prepare-only)
@@ -118,14 +169,24 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
       BUILD=true
       shift
       ;;
+    --no-cache-build)
+      NO_CACHE_BUILD=true
+      BUILD=true
+      shift
+      ;;
     --no-build)
       BUILD=false
+      NO_CACHE_BUILD=false
       shift
       ;;
     --recreate)
       RECREATE=true
       shift
       ;;
+    --minimal-conf)
+      MINIMAL_CONF=true
+      shift
+      ;;
     --stop)
       STOP=true
       shift
@@ -161,6 +222,7 @@ cd "$REPO_ROOT"
 
 : "${SOURCE_DIR:=testdata}"
 : "${MOUNT_DIR:=testdata-mount}"
+: "${DNSMASQ_VERSION:=latest}"
 
 # Stop and/or tidy: no prepare, no start
 if [ "$STOP" = true ] || [ "$TIDY" = true ]; then
@@ -183,13 +245,24 @@ if [ ! -d "$SOURCE_DIR" ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+# Resolve "latest" only when we will build; avoid network when doing a no-build run.
+WILL_BUILD=false
+[ "$BUILD" = true ] || [ "$NO_CACHE_BUILD" = true ] && WILL_BUILD=true
+if [ "$WILL_BUILD" = false ] && [ "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" != "latest" ] && [ "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" != "distro" ]; then
+  echo "Error: --dnsmasq-version $DNSMASQ_VERSION has no effect without --build or --no-cache-build. Add --build or omit --dnsmasq-version for a no-build run." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+if [ "$WILL_BUILD" = true ]; then
+  resolve_dnsmasq_version
+fi
+
 # Take the harness down so all containers (including one-shot DHCP clients) are recreated on up.
 echo "Stopping test harness: docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE down"
 docker compose -f "$COMPOSE_FILE" down
 
 mkdir -p "$MOUNT_DIR"
 
-if [ "$NO_CLEAR" = false ]; then
+if [ "$CLEAR" = true ]; then
   echo "Clearing mount directory: $MOUNT_DIR"
   find "$MOUNT_DIR" -mindepth 1 -delete 2>/dev/null || true
 fi
@@ -211,7 +284,16 @@ if [ "$PREPARE_ONLY" = true ]; then
     /*) MOUNT_EXPORT="$MOUNT_DIR" ;;
     *)  MOUNT_EXPORT="./$MOUNT_DIR" ;;
   esac
-  echo "To start the harness: TESTDATA_MOUNT=$MOUNT_EXPORT docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d [--build]"
+  START_PREFIX="TESTDATA_MOUNT=$MOUNT_EXPORT DNSMASQ_VERSION=$DNSMASQ_VERSION"
+  if [ "$MINIMAL_CONF" = true ]; then
+    START_PREFIX="$START_PREFIX TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF=/data/dnsmasq-test-minimal.conf"
+  fi
+  if [ "$NO_CACHE_BUILD" = true ]; then
+    START_CMD="$START_PREFIX docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE build --pull --no-cache && $START_PREFIX docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d"
+  else
+    START_CMD="$START_PREFIX docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d [--build]"
+  fi
+  echo "To start the harness: $START_CMD"
   exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -221,8 +303,30 @@ case "$MOUNT_DIR" in
   *)  export TESTDATA_MOUNT="./$MOUNT_DIR" ;;
 esac
 
+export DNSMASQ_VERSION
+
+case "$DNSMASQ_VERSION" in
+  distro)
+    echo "Using distro-packaged dnsmasq for the harness image."
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Using dnsmasq $DNSMASQ_VERSION for the harness image."
+    ;;
+esac
+
+if [ "$MINIMAL_CONF" = true ]; then
+  export TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF="/data/dnsmasq-test-minimal.conf"
+  echo "Using minimal config: $TEST_DNSMASQ_CONF"
+fi
+
+if [ "$NO_CACHE_BUILD" = true ]; then
+  BUILD_CMD="docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE build --pull --no-cache"
+  echo "Running: $BUILD_CMD"
+  $BUILD_CMD
+fi
+
 COMPOSE_CMD="docker compose -f $COMPOSE_FILE up -d"
-if [ "$BUILD" = true ]; then
+if [ "$BUILD" = true ] && [ "$NO_CACHE_BUILD" != true ]; then
   COMPOSE_CMD="$COMPOSE_CMD --build"
 fi
 if [ "$RECREATE" = true ]; then

scripts/publish-self-contained.sh

@@ -59,14 +59,17 @@ default_rid() {
   esac
 }
 
+# Optional version override (e.g. v0.0.4 from CI tag). When set, passed to dotnet publish for assembly metadata.
+VERSION_OVERRIDE=""
+
 while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
   case "$1" in
     -h|-?|--help)
-      echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [RID]"
+      echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [RID] [VERSION]"
       echo ""
       echo "Build a self-contained folder publish for Linux. If RID is omitted, the script"
       echo "auto-detects from the current OS and architecture (recommended on Ubuntu and Alpine)."
-      echo "Pass options first, then RID if desired (e.g. $0 --trim linux-x64)."
+      echo "Pass options first, then RID, then optional VERSION (e.g. v0.0.4 from a release tag)."
       echo ""
       echo "Options:"
       echo "  --trim       Enable trimming (smaller output; can cause 404/routing issues with Blazor)"
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
       echo "    ubuntu.24.04-x64   ubuntu.24.04-arm64"
       echo "    ubuntu.22.04-x64   ubuntu.22.04-arm64"
       echo ""
-      echo "Output: src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net9.0/<RID>/publish/"
+      echo "Output: src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net10.0/<RID>/publish/"
       echo ""
       echo "Examples:"
       echo "  $0                          # Publish for current machine (auto-detect RID)"
@@ -112,6 +115,10 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
     *)
       RID="$1"
       shift
+      if [ $# -gt 0 ] && [ -n "$1" ] && [ "${1#-}" = "$1" ]; then
+        VERSION_OVERRIDE="$1"
+        shift
+      fi
       break
       ;;
   esac
@@ -148,22 +155,32 @@ if [ "$CLEAN" = true ]; then
   dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release -nologo -v q
 fi
 
+VERSION_ARGS=""
+if [ -n "$VERSION_OVERRIDE" ]; then
+  # Strip leading 'v' (e.g. v0.0.4 -> 0.0.4) for assembly metadata
+  VER="${VERSION_OVERRIDE#v}"
+  VERSION_ARGS="-p:Version=$VER -p:InformationalVersion=$VER"
+  echo "Using version: $VER (from $VERSION_OVERRIDE)"
+fi
+
 if [ "$TRIM" = true ]; then
   echo "Publishing self-contained (trimmed, folder) for $RID..."
   dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
     -c Release \
     -r "$RID" \
     --self-contained true \
-    -p:PublishTrimmed=true
+    -p:PublishTrimmed=true \
+    $VERSION_ARGS
 else
   echo "Publishing self-contained (no trim, folder) for $RID..."
   dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
     -c Release \
     -r "$RID" \
-    --self-contained true
+    --self-contained true \
+    $VERSION_ARGS
 fi
 
-OUT_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net9.0/$RID/publish"
+OUT_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/src/DnsmasqWebUI/bin/Release/net10.0/$RID/publish"
 echo ""
 echo "Done. Output: $OUT_DIR"
 echo "Run on this host:    $OUT_DIR/DnsmasqWebUI"

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/ConfigSetCacheEffectiveConfigTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.Dnsmasq.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests effective-config resolution in ConfigSetCache (BuildEffectiveConfig / BuildEffectiveConfigSources).
+/// Verifies no-0x20-encode precedence and source attribution per dnsmasq docs.
+/// </summary>
+public class ConfigSetCacheEffectiveConfigTests
+{
+    private static (string Dir, string MainPath, string ManagedPath, ConfigSetCache Cache) CreateCacheWithManaged(string managedContent)
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-cache-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+        File.WriteAllText(managedPath, managedContent);
+        var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+        var cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+        return (dir, mainPath, managedPath, cache);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Do0x20_BothPresent_No0x20Wins()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, managedPath, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("do-0x20-encode\nno-0x20-encode\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(ExplicitToggleState.Disabled, snapshot.Config.Do0x20EncodeState);
+            Assert.NotNull(snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(managedPath), snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode.FilePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Do0x20_OnlyDo_Enabled()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, _, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("do-0x20-encode\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(ExplicitToggleState.Enabled, snapshot.Config.Do0x20EncodeState);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Do0x20_OnlyNo_Disabled()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, managedPath, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("no-0x20-encode\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(ExplicitToggleState.Disabled, snapshot.Config.Do0x20EncodeState);
+            Assert.NotNull(snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(managedPath), snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode.FilePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Do0x20_Neither_Default()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, _, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("port=53\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(ExplicitToggleState.Default, snapshot.Config.Do0x20EncodeState);
+            Assert.Null(snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Do0x20_SourceAttribution_WhenBothPresent_IsNo0x20Line()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, managedPath, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("no-0x20-encode\ndo-0x20-encode\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(ExplicitToggleState.Disabled, snapshot.Config.Do0x20EncodeState);
+            Assert.NotNull(snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(managedPath), snapshot.Sources.Do0x20Encode.FilePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task StripFlags_ParseState_And_Source()
+    {
+        var (dir, _, managedPath, cache) = CreateCacheWithManaged("strip-mac\nstrip-subnet\n");
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = await cache.GetSnapshotAsync();
+            Assert.True(snapshot.Config.StripMac);
+            Assert.True(snapshot.Config.StripSubnet);
+            Assert.NotNull(snapshot.Sources.StripMac);
+            Assert.NotNull(snapshot.Sources.StripSubnet);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(managedPath), snapshot.Sources.StripMac!.FilePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(managedPath), snapshot.Sources.StripSubnet!.FilePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir)) Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/ConfigValueSourceTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -17,25 +17,30 @@ public class ConfigValueSourceTests
     [Fact]
     public void GetReadOnlyTooltip_WhenReadOnlyWithoutLineNumber_ReturnsFileNameOnly()
     {
-        var source = new ConfigValueSource("/etc/dnsmasq.d/02.conf", "02.conf", IsManaged: false, LineNumber: null);
+        var fileName = "02.conf";
+        var fullPath = $"/etc/dnsmasq.d/{fileName}";
+        var source = new ConfigValueSource(fullPath, fileName, IsManaged: false, LineNumber: null);
         var tooltip = source.GetReadOnlyTooltip();
         Assert.NotNull(tooltip);
-        Assert.Contains("02.conf", tooltip);
+        Assert.Contains(fileName, tooltip);
         Assert.Contains("readonly", tooltip);
-        Assert.Contains("/etc/dnsmasq.d/02.conf", tooltip);
+        Assert.Contains(fullPath, tooltip);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("line", tooltip);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void GetReadOnlyTooltip_WhenReadOnlyWithLineNumber_IncludesLineNumber()
     {
-        var source = new ConfigValueSource("/etc/dnsmasq.d/02.conf", "02.conf", IsManaged: false, LineNumber: 3);
+        var fileName = "02.conf";
+        var fullPath = $"/etc/dnsmasq.d/{fileName}";
+        int? lineNumber = 3;
+        var source = new ConfigValueSource(fullPath, fileName, IsManaged: false, LineNumber: lineNumber);
         var tooltip = source.GetReadOnlyTooltip();
         Assert.NotNull(tooltip);
-        Assert.Contains("02.conf", tooltip);
-        Assert.Contains("line 3", tooltip);
+        Assert.Contains(fileName, tooltip);
+        Assert.Contains($"line {lineNumber}", tooltip);
         Assert.Contains("readonly", tooltip);
-        Assert.Contains("/etc/dnsmasq.d/02.conf", tooltip);
+        Assert.Contains(fullPath, tooltip);
     }
 
     [Fact]

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqCompileOptionsParserTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests for parsing "Compile time options: ..." from dnsmasq --version output.
+/// </summary>
+public class DnsmasqCompileOptionsParserTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenNoCompileLine_ReturnsAllCapabilitiesFalse()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse("Dnsmasq version 2.89\nCopyright ...", null);
+        Assert.False(result.Dhcp);
+        Assert.False(result.Tftp);
+        Assert.False(result.Dnssec);
+        Assert.False(result.Dbus);
+        Assert.NotNull(result.RawTokens);
+        Assert.Empty(result.RawTokens);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenCompileLineHasDnssec_SetsDnssecTrue()
+    {
+        var stdout = "Dnsmasq version 2.89\nCompile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt no-DBus no-Idn DHCP DHCPv6 TFTP DNSSEC auth";
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse(stdout, null);
+        Assert.True(result.Dnssec);
+        Assert.True(result.Dhcp);
+        Assert.True(result.Tftp);
+        Assert.False(result.Dbus);
+        Assert.Contains("DNSSEC", result.RawTokens, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenCompileLineHasDhcpOnly_SetsDhcpTrueOthersFalse()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse(null, "Compile time options: DHCP no-DBus no-DNSSEC");
+        Assert.True(result.Dhcp);
+        Assert.False(result.Tftp);
+        Assert.False(result.Dnssec);
+        Assert.False(result.Dbus);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenCompileLineHasDhcpv6_SetsDhcpTrue()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse("Compile time options: DHCPv6", null);
+        Assert.True(result.Dhcp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenCompileLineHasTftp_SetsTftpTrue()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse("Compile time options: TFTP", null);
+        Assert.True(result.Tftp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_WhenCompileLineHasDbus_SetsDbusTrue()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse("Compile time options: DBus", null);
+        Assert.True(result.Dbus);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Parse_CombinesStdoutAndStderr()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqCompileOptionsParser.Parse("Version line\n", "Compile time options: DNSSEC");
+        Assert.True(result.Dnssec);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParserTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dhcp;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -20,136 +20,219 @@ public class DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_BasicMacIpNameLease_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,testpc,infinite", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.False(e!.IsComment);
         Assert.False(e.IsDeleted);
         Assert.Single(e.MacAddresses);
-        Assert.Equal("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", e.MacAddresses[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10", e.Address);
-        Assert.Equal("testpc", e.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("infinite", e.Lease);
+        Assert.Equal(mac, e.MacAddresses[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(lease, e.Lease);
         Assert.Empty(e.Extra);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_CommentedLine_ParsesWithIsComment()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("#dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,testpc,infinite", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+
+        var line = $"#dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsComment);
         Assert.False(e.IsDeleted);
         Assert.Single(e.MacAddresses);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_DeletedLine_ParsesWithIsDeleted()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("##dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,oldpc", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "oldpc";
+
+        var line = $"##dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsComment);
         Assert.True(e.IsDeleted);
         Assert.Single(e.MacAddresses);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_TrailingComment_ParsesComment()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.1.11,laptop,infinite # main laptop", 1);
+        string mac = "11:22:33:44:55:66";
+        string address = "192.168.1.11";
+        string name = "laptop";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+        string comment = "main laptop";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease} # {comment}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("main laptop", e!.Comment);
+        Assert.Equal(comment, e!.Comment);
         Assert.Single(e.MacAddresses);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_MultipleMacs_SameIp_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,12:34:56:78:90:12,192.168.0.2", 1);
+        string mac1 = "11:22:33:44:55:66";
+        string mac2 = "12:34:56:78:90:12";
+        string address = "192.168.0.2";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac1},{mac2},{address}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.Equal(2, e!.MacAddresses.Count);
-        Assert.Equal("11:22:33:44:55:66", e.MacAddresses[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("12:34:56:78:90:12", e.MacAddresses[1]);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.0.2", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(mac1, e.MacAddresses[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(mac2, e.MacAddresses[1]);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_WithSetTag_PutsInExtra()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=AA:BB:CC:DD:CC:BB,redhost1,192.168.1.41,infinite,set:red", 1);
+        string mac = "AA:BB:CC:DD:CC:BB";
+        string name = "redhost1";
+        string address = "192.168.1.41";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+        string extraTag = "set:red";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{name},{address},{lease},{extraTag}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.41", e!.Address);
-        Assert.Equal("redhost1", e.Name);
-        Assert.Contains(e.Extra, x => x == "set:red");
+        Assert.Equal(address, e!.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Name);
+        Assert.Contains(e.Extra, x => x == extraTag);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_HostnameOnly_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=lap,192.168.0.199", 1);
+        string name = "lap";
+        string address = "192.168.0.199";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={name},{address}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("lap", e!.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.0.199", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e!.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.Empty(e.MacAddresses);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_Ignore_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=00:20:e0:3b:13:af,ignore", 1);
+        string mac = "00:20:e0:3b:13:af";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},ignore";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.Ignore);
         Assert.Single(e.MacAddresses);
-        Assert.Equal("00:20:e0:3b:13:af", e.MacAddresses[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(mac, e.MacAddresses[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_NumericLease_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,pc,3600", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "pc";
+        string lease = "3600";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("3600", e!.Lease);
+        Assert.Equal(lease, e!.Lease);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_WithIdClient_PutsInExtra()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("dhcp-host=id:01:02:03:04,192.168.1.50,myhost", 1);
+        string idPart = "id:01:02:03:04";
+        string address = "192.168.1.50";
+        string name = "myhost";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={idPart},{address},{name}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.Contains(e!.Extra, x => x.StartsWith("id:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.50", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Roundtrip_Basic()
     {
-        var line = "dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,testpc,infinite";
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease}";
         var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         var back = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ToLine(e!);
         Assert.StartsWith("dhcp-host=", back);
-        Assert.Contains("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", back);
-        Assert.Contains("192.168.1.10", back);
-        Assert.Contains("testpc", back);
-        Assert.Contains("infinite", back);
+        Assert.Contains(mac, back);
+        Assert.Contains(address, back);
+        Assert.Contains(name, back);
+        Assert.Contains(lease, back);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Roundtrip_WithComment()
     {
-        var line = "dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.1.11,laptop,infinite # main laptop";
+        string mac = "11:22:33:44:55:66";
+        string address = "192.168.1.11";
+        string name = "laptop";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+        string comment = "main laptop";
+
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease} # {comment}";
         var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         var back = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ToLine(e!);
         Assert.StartsWith("dhcp-host=", back);
-        Assert.Contains("main laptop", back);
+        Assert.Contains(comment, back);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_CommentedEntry_Prefix()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("#dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,testpc", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+
+        var line = $"#dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         var back = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ToLine(e!);
         Assert.StartsWith("#dhcp-host=", back);
@@ -158,7 +241,13 @@ public class DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_DeletedEntry_DoubleHash()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine("##dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,old", 1);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "old";
+
+        var line = $"##dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name}";
+        var e = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         var back = DnsmasqConfDhcpHostLineParser.ToLine(e!);
         Assert.StartsWith("##dhcp-host=", back);

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfDirectiveParserTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@ public class DnsmasqConfDirectiveParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void TryParseKeyValue_KeyValue_ReturnsKeyAndValue()
     {
-        var kv = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue("port=53");
+        var value = "53";
+        var line = $"port={value}";
+        var kv = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue(line);
         Assert.NotNull(kv);
         Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfKeys.Port, kv!.Value.key);
-        Assert.Equal("53", kv.Value.value);
+        Assert.Equal(value, kv.Value.value);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -50,16 +52,42 @@ public class DnsmasqConfDirectiveParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void StripComment_CommentAfterSpace_StripsToEnd()
     {
-        Assert.Equal("port=53", DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.StripComment("port=53 # DNS port"));
-        Assert.Equal("port=53", DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.StripComment("port=53  # comment"));
+        var before = "port=53";
+        var comment1 = " DNS port";
+        var comment2 = " comment";
+        Assert.Equal(before, DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.StripComment(before + " #" + comment1));
+        Assert.Equal(before, DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.StripComment(before + "  #" + comment2));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void TryParseKeyValue_LineWithComment_ValueExcludesComment()
     {
-        var kv = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue("port=53 # DNS port");
+        var value = "53";
+        var comment = " DNS port";
+        var line = $"port={value} #{comment}";
+        var kv = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue(line);
         Assert.NotNull(kv);
         Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfKeys.Port, kv!.Value.key);
-        Assert.Equal("53", kv.Value.value);
+        Assert.Equal(value, kv.Value.value);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TryParseKeyValue_ValueContainsEquals_ParsesFirstEqualsAsKeyValueSeparator()
+    {
+        var line = "server=/local/1.2.3.4";
+        var kv = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue(line);
+        Assert.NotNull(kv);
+        Assert.Equal("server", kv!.Value.key);
+        Assert.Equal("/local/1.2.3.4", kv.Value.value);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TryParseKeyValue_ErrorOverload_InvalidLine_ReturnsFalseAndSetsError()
+    {
+        // KeyValueLine requires at least one key character before '='; "=no-key" has no key and fails.
+        var ok = DnsmasqConfDirectiveParser.TryParseKeyValue("=no-key", out var kv, out var error, out var errorPosition);
+        Assert.False(ok);
+        Assert.NotNull(error);
+        Assert.True(errorPosition.Absolute >= 0);
     }
 }

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfFileLineParserTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
 using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dhcp;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -19,73 +19,89 @@ public class DnsmasqConfFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_BlankLine_BlankKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([""]);
+        var raw = "";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([raw]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var blank = Assert.IsType<BlankLine>(lines[0]);
         Assert.Equal(1, blank.LineNumber);
-        Assert.Equal("", blank.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(raw, blank.RawLine);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_BlankLineWithSpaces_BlankKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["   \t  "]);
+        var raw = "   \t  ";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([raw]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var blank = Assert.IsType<BlankLine>(lines[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("   \t  ", blank.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(raw, blank.RawLine);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_CommentLine_CommentKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["# Not managed by this app."]);
+        var commentLine = "# Not managed by this app.";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([commentLine]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var comment = Assert.IsType<CommentLine>(lines[0]);
         Assert.Equal(1, comment.LineNumber);
-        Assert.Equal("# Not managed by this app.", comment.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(commentLine, comment.RawLine);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_OtherDirective_OtherKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["domain=local"]);
+        var raw = "domain=local";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([raw]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var other = Assert.IsType<OtherLine>(lines[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("domain=local", other.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(raw, other.RawLine);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_AddnHostsLine_AddnHostsKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["addn-hosts=/var/lib/dnsmasq/hosts"]);
+        var path = "/var/lib/dnsmasq/hosts";
+        var line = $"addn-hosts={path}";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([line]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var addn = Assert.IsType<AddnHostsLine>(lines[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("/var/lib/dnsmasq/hosts", addn.AddnHostsPath);
+        Assert.Equal(path, addn.AddnHostsPath);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_AddnHosts_EmitsAddnHostsLine()
     {
-        var line = new AddnHostsLine { LineNumber = 1, AddnHostsPath = "/etc/hosts" };
-        Assert.Equal("addn-hosts=/etc/hosts", DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
+        var path = "/etc/hosts";
+        var line = new AddnHostsLine { LineNumber = 1, AddnHostsPath = path };
+        Assert.Equal($"addn-hosts={path}", DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_DhcpHostLine_DhcpHostKind()
     {
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,testpc,infinite"]);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+        string lease = "infinite";
+        var line = $"dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name},{lease}";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([line]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         var dhcpLine = Assert.IsType<DhcpHostLine>(lines[0]);
         Assert.Single(dhcpLine.DhcpHost.MacAddresses);
-        Assert.Equal("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", dhcpLine.DhcpHost.MacAddresses[0]);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10", dhcpLine.DhcpHost.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(mac, dhcpLine.DhcpHost.MacAddresses[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(address, dhcpLine.DhcpHost.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_CommentedDhcpHost_TreatedAsComment()
     {
         // Parser treats any line starting with # as Comment (does not parse dhcp-host content)
-        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(["#dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff,192.168.1.10,oldpc"]);
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "oldpc";
+        var line = $"#dhcp-host={mac},{address},{name}";
+        var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile([line]);
         Assert.Single(lines);
         Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfLineKind.Comment, lines[0].Kind);
     }
@@ -93,13 +109,21 @@ public class DnsmasqConfFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseFile_MixedFile_ParsesAll()
     {
+        var domainLine = "domain=local";
+        string dhcpMac = "11:22:33:44:55:66";
+        string dhcpAddress = "192.168.1.11";
+        string dhcpName = "laptop";
+        string dhcpLease = "infinite";
+        var rangeLine = "dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200";
+        var dhcpLine = $"dhcp-host={dhcpMac},{dhcpAddress},{dhcpName},{dhcpLease}";
+
         var input = new[]
         {
             "# Sample config",
             "",
-            "domain=local",
-            "dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.1.11,laptop,infinite",
-            "dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200"
+            domainLine,
+            dhcpLine,
+            rangeLine
         };
         var lines = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ParseFile(input);
         Assert.Equal(5, lines.Count);
@@ -107,48 +131,55 @@ public class DnsmasqConfFileLineParserTests
         Assert.IsType<CommentLine>(lines[0]);
         Assert.IsType<BlankLine>(lines[1]);
         var other2 = Assert.IsType<OtherLine>(lines[2]);
-        Assert.Equal("domain=local", other2.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(domainLine, other2.RawLine);
         var dhcp3 = Assert.IsType<DhcpHostLine>(lines[3]);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.11", dhcp3.DhcpHost.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(dhcpAddress, dhcp3.DhcpHost.Address);
         var other4 = Assert.IsType<OtherLine>(lines[4]);
-        Assert.Equal("dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200", other4.RawLine);
+        Assert.Equal(rangeLine, other4.RawLine);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Blank_PreservesRawLine()
     {
-        var line = new BlankLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = "  " };
-        Assert.Equal("  ", DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
+        var raw = "  ";
+        var line = new BlankLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = raw };
+        Assert.Equal(raw, DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Comment_PreservesRawLine()
     {
-        var line = new CommentLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = "# comment" };
-        Assert.Equal("# comment", DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
+        var raw = "# comment";
+        var line = new CommentLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = raw };
+        Assert.Equal(raw, DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Other_PreservesRawLine()
     {
-        var line = new OtherLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = "domain=local" };
-        Assert.Equal("domain=local", DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
+        var raw = "domain=local";
+        var line = new OtherLine { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = raw };
+        Assert.Equal(raw, DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_DhcpHost_SerializesViaDhcpHostLineParser()
     {
+        string mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff";
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name = "testpc";
+        string lease = "infinite";
         var dhcp = new DhcpHostEntry
         {
             LineNumber = 1,
-            MacAddresses = ["aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"],
-            Address = "192.168.1.10",
-            Name = "testpc",
-            Lease = "infinite"
+            MacAddresses = [mac],
+            Address = address,
+            Name = name,
+            Lease = lease
         };
         var line = new DhcpHostLine { LineNumber = 1, DhcpHost = dhcp };
         var back = DnsmasqConfFileLineParser.ToLine(line);
-        Assert.Equal("dhcp-host=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, testpc, 192.168.1.10, infinite", back);
+        Assert.Equal($"dhcp-host={mac}, {name}, {address}, {lease}", back);
     }
 
     [Fact]

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserCoreBehaviourTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Parser semantics: flags (option present/absent/with value), last-wins, case-sensitive, path order.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserCoreBehaviourTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_OptionPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "expand-hosts\nno-resolv\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
+            Assert.True(result);
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoResolv));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_OptionAbsent_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "port=53\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoHosts);
+            Assert.False(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LastWins()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-last-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
+        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
+        var firstVal = "100";
+        var secondVal = "200";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(f1, $"cache-size={firstVal}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(f2, $"cache-size={secondVal}\n");
+            var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheSize);
+            Assert.Equal(secondVal, value);
+            Assert.Equal(dir, configDir);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogFacility_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logfac-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var logPath = "/data/dnsmasq.log";
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"log-facility={logPath}\n");
+            var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogFacility);
+            Assert.Equal(logPath, value);
+            Assert.Equal(dir, configDir);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogFacility_LastWins()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logfac2-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
+        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
+        var firstLogPath = "/var/log/dnsmasq.log";
+        var secondLogPath = "/data/dnsmasq.log";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(f1, $"log-facility={firstLogPath}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(f2, $"log-facility={secondLogPath}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogFacility);
+            Assert.Equal(secondLogPath, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ResolvePath_Relative_ResolvesAgainstDir()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.GetTempPath();
+        var subDirName = "sub";
+        var fileName = "pid.pid";
+        var relativePath = $"{subDirName}/{fileName}";
+        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.ResolvePath(relativePath, dir);
+        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, subDirName, fileName)), result);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ResolvePath_Absolute_ReturnsAsIs()
+    {
+        var absPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "absolute.pid");
+        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.ResolvePath(absPath, "/some/dir");
+        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(absPath), result);
+    }
+
+    // --- Tests matching dnsmasq option.c semantics (ARG_ONE = last wins, flags = no value allowed) ---
+
+    /// <summary>dnsmasq option.c: opts[i].has_arg == 0 && arg -> "extraneous parameter"; flag with value is invalid, so we must not count it.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_FlagWithValue_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-val-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var invalidValue = "1";
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"expand-hosts={invalidValue}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
+            Assert.False(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>dnsmasq option.c: strcmp(opts[i].name, start) == 0 — option names are case-sensitive; "Port" is bad option.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_CaseSensitive_PortWithCapitalP_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-case-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var wrongKey = "Port";
+            var value = "53";
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"{wrongKey}={value}\n");
+            var (parsedValue, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
+            Assert.Null(parsedValue);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Path list is [main, conf-file...]. We read each file entirely in that order, so last port is last occurrence in that stream (main lines then extra). Main has port=53, port=5353; extra has port=54 → last is 54.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_TwoFiles_LastOccurrenceInPathOrderWins()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-two-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var extra = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
+        var port1 = "53";
+        var port2 = "5353";
+        var port3 = "54";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(main, $"port={port1}\nconf-file=extra.conf\nport={port2}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(extra, $"port={port3}\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
+            Assert.Equal(port3, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --- pathToLines overloads: same result as file-based when content is pre-read ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_WithPathToLines_ReturnsSameResultAsFileBased()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ptl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var lines = new[] { "expand-hosts", "no-resolv" };
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, string.Join("\n", lines) + "\n");
+            var paths = new[] { conf };
+            var pathToLines = new Dictionary<string, string[]>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            {
+                [Path.GetFullPath(conf)] = lines
+            };
+            var fromFile = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
+            var fromDict = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, pathToLines, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
+            Assert.Equal(fromFile, fromDict);
+            Assert.True(fromDict);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_WithPathToLines_ReturnsSameResultAsFileBased()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ptl-last-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var value = "1000";
+        var lines = new[] { $"cache-size={value}" };
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, lines[0] + "\n");
+            var paths = new[] { conf };
+            var pathToLines = new Dictionary<string, string[]>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            {
+                [Path.GetFullPath(conf)] = lines
+            };
+            var (fromFileVal, fromFileDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheSize);
+            var (fromDictVal, fromDictDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, pathToLines, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheSize);
+            Assert.Equal(fromFileVal, fromDictVal);
+            Assert.Equal(value, fromDictVal);
+            Assert.Equal(fromFileDir, fromDictDir);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_WithPathToLines_ReturnsSameResultAsFileBased()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ptl-multi-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var lines = new[] { "server=1.1.1.1", "server=8.8.8.8" };
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, string.Join("\n", lines) + "\n");
+            var paths = new[] { conf };
+            var pathToLines = new Dictionary<string, string[]>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            {
+                [Path.GetFullPath(conf)] = lines
+            };
+            var fromFile = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+            var fromDict = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, pathToLines, DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+            Assert.Equal(fromFile, fromDict);
+            Assert.Equal(2, fromDict.Count);
+            Assert.Equal("1.1.1.1", fromDict[0]);
+            Assert.Equal("8.8.8.8", fromDict[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --- Empty path list ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_EmptyPathList_ReturnsNullAndNull()
+    {
+        var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(Array.Empty<string>(), DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
+        Assert.Null(value);
+        Assert.Null(configDir);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_EmptyPathList_ReturnsEmptyList()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(Array.Empty<string>(), DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+        Assert.NotNull(result);
+        Assert.Empty(result);
+    }
+
+    // --- Non-existent file in path list: skipped without throw, last-wins from existing ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_NonExistentFileInList_SkipsMissingFileLastWinsFromExisting()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-missing-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var existing = Path.Combine(dir, "existing.conf");
+        var missing = Path.Combine(dir, "missing.conf");
+        var other = Path.Combine(dir, "other.conf");
+        var valueInExisting = "100";
+        var valueInOther = "200";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(existing, $"port={valueInExisting}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(other, $"port={valueInOther}\n");
+            Assert.False(File.Exists(missing));
+            var paths = new[] { existing, missing, other };
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
+            Assert.Equal(valueInOther, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserDhcpTftpDnssecTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>DHCP advanced, TFTP/PXE, DNSSEC, enable-dbus/ubus, fast-dns-retry.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserDhcpTftpDnssecTests
+{
+    // --- One test per option: key wired, when set returns value(s) ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpMatch_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpmatch-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "set:bios,option:client-arch,0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-match={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpMatch);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpBoot_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpboot-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "tag:bios-x86,firmware/ipxe.pxe,192.168.1.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-boot={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpBoot);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpIgnore_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpignore-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "tag:!known";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-ignore={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnore);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpVendorclass_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpvc-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "set:pxe,option:vendor-class-identifier,PXEClient";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-vendorclass={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpVendorclass);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpUserclass_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpuc-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "set:ipxe,iPXE";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-userclass={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpUserclass);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_RaParam_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-raparam-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "eth0,high,0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"ra-param={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.RaParam);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Slaac_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-slaac-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "eth0,0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"slaac={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Slaac);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_EnableTftp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-tftp-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "enable-tftp\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableTftp);
+            Assert.True(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_TftpRoot_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-tftproot-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/var/lib/tftpboot";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"tftp-root={path}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpRoot);
+            Assert.Equal(path, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_TftpSecure_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-tftpsec-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "tftp-secure\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpSecure);
+            Assert.True(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_PxeService_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-pxe-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "x86PC,pxelinux.0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"pxe-service={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.PxeService);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_PxePrompt_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-pxeprompt-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "timeout,0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"pxe-prompt={line}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.PxePrompt);
+            Assert.Equal(line, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Dnssec_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dnssec-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dnssec\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Dnssec);
+            Assert.True(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_TrustAnchor_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-trust-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = ". IN DS 19036 8 2 49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDE32F024E8FC5";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"trust-anchor={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.TrustAnchor);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DnssecCheckUnsigned_WhenPresent_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dnsseccu-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dnssec-check-unsigned\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned);
+            Assert.NotNull(value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DnssecCheckUnsigned_WhenEqualsNo_ReturnsNo()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dnsseccu-no-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dnssec-check-unsigned=no\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned);
+            Assert.Equal("no", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_EnableDbus_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dbus-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var svc = "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"enable-dbus={svc}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableDbus);
+            Assert.Equal(svc, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_EnableUbus_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ubus-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var svc = "com.example.dnsmasq";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"enable-ubus={svc}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableUbus);
+            Assert.Equal(svc, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_FastDnsRetry_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-fastretry-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "500,5000";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"fast-dns-retry={line}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.FastDnsRetry);
+            Assert.Equal(line, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserFlagsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Boolean flags: no-hosts, bogus-priv, strict-order, domain-needed, no-poll, bind-*, rebind-*, clear-on-reload, filter*, localise-queries, log-debug, dhcp-authoritative, leasefile-ro.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserFlagsTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_BogusPriv_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-boguspriv-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "bogus-priv\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.BogusPriv));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_StrictOrder_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-strict-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "strict-order\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.StrictOrder));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DomainNeeded_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-domainneed-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "domain-needed\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DomainNeeded));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoPoll_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-nopoll-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-poll\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoPoll));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_BindInterfaces_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-bindif-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "bind-interfaces\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.BindInterfaces));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_BindDynamic_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-binddyn-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "bind-dynamic\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.BindDynamic));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoNegcache_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-noneg-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-negcache\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoNegcache));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DnsLoopDetect_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-loop-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dns-loop-detect\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DnsLoopDetect));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_StopDnsRebind_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-rebind-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "stop-dns-rebind\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.StopDnsRebind));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_RebindLocalhostOk_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-rebindlo-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "rebind-localhost-ok\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.RebindLocalhostOk));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_ClearOnReload_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-clear-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "clear-on-reload\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ClearOnReload));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Filterwin2k_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-filtw2k-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "filterwin2k\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Filterwin2k));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_FilterA_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-filta-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "filter-A\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterA));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_FilterAaaa_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-filtaaaa-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "filter-AAAA\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterAaaa));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_LocaliseQueries_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-localise-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "localise-queries\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LocaliseQueries));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_LogDebug_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logdbg-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "log-debug\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogDebug));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DhcpAuthoritative_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpauth-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dhcp-authoritative\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpAuthoritative));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserHostsAndLeaseTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Hosts (addn-hosts, hostsdir) and DHCP lease file parsing.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserHostsAndLeaseTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_FromTestdata_ReturnsLeasesPath()
+    {
+        var mainPath = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq-test.conf");
+        Assert.True(File.Exists(mainPath), "Testdata dnsmasq-test.conf required");
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(paths);
+        Assert.NotNull(result);
+        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/data/leases"), result);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Uses testdata/dnsmasq-test.conf (harness main) to assert multi-value options are collected from testdata.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_FromTestdata_ReturnsServerAndAddnHosts()
+    {
+        var mainPath = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq-test.conf");
+        Assert.True(File.Exists(mainPath), "Testdata dnsmasq-test.conf required");
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var servers = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+        var addnHosts = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(paths);
+        var addresses = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Address);
+        var listenAddrs = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ListenAddress);
+        Assert.True(servers.Count >= 2, "testdata dnsmasq-test.conf should have at least 2 server= lines");
+        Assert.Contains("1.1.1.1", servers);
+        Assert.Contains("8.8.8.8", servers);
+        Assert.True(addnHosts.Count >= 2, "testdata should have at least 2 addn-hosts paths");
+        Assert.True(addresses.Count >= 2, "testdata should have at least 2 address= lines");
+        Assert.Single(listenAddrs);
+        Assert.Equal("172.28.0.2", listenAddrs[0]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_LastWins()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-lease-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var firstLeasePath = "/var/first.leases";
+            var secondLeasePath = "/var/second.leases";
+            var first = Path.Combine(dir, "first.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(first, $"dhcp-leasefile={firstLeasePath}\n");
+            var second = Path.Combine(dir, "second.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(second, $"dhcp-leasefile={secondLeasePath}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(new[] { first, second });
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(secondLeasePath), result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_RelativePath_ResolvedAgainstConfigDir()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-lease-rel-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var subdir = "subdir";
+            var leasesFile = "leases";
+            var relativePath = $"{subdir}/{leasesFile}";
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-leasefile={relativePath}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf });
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, subdir, leasesFile)), result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_Empty_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(Array.Empty<string>());
+        Assert.Empty(result);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_Cumulative_ReturnsAllInOrder()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var path1 = "/etc/hosts.d/first";
+            var path2 = "/data/hosts";
+            var path3 = "/data/extra.hosts";
+            var first = Path.Combine(dir, "first.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(first, $"addn-hosts={path1}\n");
+            var second = Path.Combine(dir, "second.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(second, $"addn-hosts={path2}\naddn-hosts={path3}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(new[] { first, second });
+            Assert.Equal(3, result.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path1), result[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path2), result[1]);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path3), result[2]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_RelativePath_ResolvedAgainstConfigDir()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-rel-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var pathPart1 = "hosts.d";
+            var pathPart2 = "app.hosts";
+            var addnRelativePath = $"{pathPart1}/{pathPart2}";
+            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"addn-hosts={addnRelativePath}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf });
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, pathPart1, pathPart2)), result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource_ReturnsSourcePerPath()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-src-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
+        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, "managed.conf");
+        var path1 = "/etc/hosts.a";
+        var path2 = "/etc/hosts.b";
+        var path3 = "/etc/hosts.c";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(f1, $"addn-hosts={path1}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(f2, $"addn-hosts={path2}\naddn-hosts={path3}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource(new[] { f1, f2 }, managedPath);
+            Assert.Equal(3, result.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path1), result[0].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(f1), result[0].Source.FileName);
+            Assert.False(result[0].Source.IsManaged);
+            Assert.Equal(1, result[0].Source.LineNumber);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path2), result[1].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(f2), result[1].Source.FileName);
+            Assert.Equal(1, result[1].Source.LineNumber);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(path3), result[2].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(2, result[2].Source.LineNumber);
+            Assert.True(result[2].Source.IsReadOnly == !result[2].Source.IsManaged);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource_WhenManagedFileInList_IsManagedTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-mgd-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, "zz-managed.conf");
+        var readOnlyPath = "/other/hosts";
+        var managedAddnPath = "/managed/hosts";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, $"addn-hosts={readOnlyPath}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, $"addn-hosts={managedAddnPath}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource(new[] { mainPath, managedPath }, managedPath);
+            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
+            Assert.False(result[0].Source.IsManaged);
+            Assert.Equal(1, result[0].Source.LineNumber);
+            Assert.True(result[1].Source.IsManaged);
+            Assert.Equal(1, result[1].Source.LineNumber);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserIncludeTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Config discovery: conf-file=, conf-dir=, GetIncludedPaths, GetFirstConfDir, GetIncludedPathsWithSource, conf-dir suffix.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserIncludeTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_MainFileMissing_ReturnsOnlyMainPath()
+    {
+        var main = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "nonexistent-dnsmasq-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + ".conf");
+        var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+        Assert.Single(paths);
+        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_MainOnly_ReturnsSinglePath()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-main-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "domain=local\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Single(paths);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_OneConfFile_ReturnsMainThenConfFile()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-conffile-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var includeFileName = "extra.conf";
+            var includePath = Path.Combine(dir, includeFileName);
+            File.WriteAllText(includePath, "# extra\n");
+            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, $"conf-file={includeFileName}\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(includePath), paths[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_OneConfDir_ReturnsMainThenDirFilesSorted()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-confdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
+        var confDirName = "d";
+        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, confDirName);
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
+        var file1 = "aa.conf";
+        var file2 = "zz.conf";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, file2), "");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, file1), "");
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, $"conf-dir={confDirName}\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Equal(3, paths.Count); // main + aa.conf + zz.conf (alphabetical)
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(subDir, file1)), paths[1]);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(subDir, file2)), paths[2]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFirstConfDir_NoConfDir_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-noconfdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "domain=local\nconf-file=other.conf\n");
+            var first = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFirstConfDir(main);
+            Assert.Null(first);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFirstConfDir_HasConfDir_ReturnsResolvedPath()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-firstdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
+        var confDirName = "dnsmasq.d";
+        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, confDirName);
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
+        try
+        {
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, $"conf-dir={confDirName}\n");
+            var first = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFirstConfDir(main);
+            Assert.NotNull(first);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(subDir), first);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_CommentsAndBlanks_Ignored()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-comments-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        try
+        {
+            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "# comment\n\n  \nconf-file=extra.conf\n");
+            var extra = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(extra, "");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(extra), paths[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_ConfDirMissing_ReturnsMainOnly()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-confdir-missing-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
+        try
+        {
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=nonexistent-subdir\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Single(paths);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Mirrors harness layout: main + conf-dir with multiple files (including lan-dns.conf) + conf-file. Asserts all appear in load order with correct sources.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPathsWithSource_ConfDirAndConfFile_ReturnsAllFilesInLoadOrderWithSources()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-harness-layout-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
+        var confDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.d");
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(confDir);
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(confDir, "01-other.conf"), "# other\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(confDir, "02-servers.conf"), "# servers\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(confDir, "lan-dns.conf"), "# lan dns\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(baseDir, "zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf"), "# managed\n");
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=dnsmasq.d\nconf-file=zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf\n");
+            var withSource = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPathsWithSource(main);
+            Assert.Equal(5, withSource.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), withSource[0].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfFileSource.Main, withSource[0].Source);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(confDir, "01-other.conf")), withSource[1].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfDir, withSource[1].Source);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(confDir, "02-servers.conf")), withSource[2].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfDir, withSource[2].Source);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(confDir, "lan-dns.conf")), withSource[3].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfDir, withSource[3].Source);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(baseDir, "zz-dnsmasq-webui.conf")), withSource[4].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfFile, withSource[4].Source);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>dnsmasq conf-dir=dir,*.suffix only includes files ending with suffix (option.c match_suffix).</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_ConfDir_WithMatchSuffix_OnlyIncludesMatchingFiles()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-match-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "d");
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
+        var fileConf1 = "a.conf";
+        var fileTxt = "b.txt";
+        var fileConf2 = "c.conf";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, fileConf1), "");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, fileTxt), "");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, fileConf2), "");
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=d,*.conf\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Equal(3, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith(fileConf1, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith(fileConf2, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+            Assert.DoesNotContain(paths, p => p.EndsWith(fileTxt, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>dnsmasq conf-dir=dir,.suffix ignores files ending with suffix (option.c ignore_suffix).</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_ConfDir_WithIgnoreSuffix_ExcludesMatchingFiles()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ignore-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "d");
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
+        var fileIncluded = "a.conf";
+        var fileExcluded = "b.conf.bak";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, fileIncluded), "");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, fileExcluded), "");
+            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=d,.bak\n");
+            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
+            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith(fileIncluded, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+            Assert.DoesNotContain(paths, p => p.EndsWith(fileExcluded, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Direct test for EnumerateConfigLinesInDnsmasqOrder: main has line1, conf-file=extra, line2; extra has extra1. Asserts interleaving order.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnumerateConfigLinesInDnsmasqOrder_ConfFileInMiddle_InterleavesMainThenIncludedThenMain()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-enum-order-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var extra = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(main, "line1\nconf-file=extra.conf\nline2\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(extra, "extra1\n");
+            var mainFull = Path.GetFullPath(main);
+            var extraFull = Path.GetFullPath(extra);
+            var mainDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(mainFull) ?? "";
+            var seq = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.EnumerateConfigLinesInDnsmasqOrder(mainFull, mainDir, DnsmasqConfFileSource.Main, null).ToList();
+            Assert.Equal(5, seq.Count);
+            Assert.Equal((mainFull, 0, "", DnsmasqConfFileSource.Main), seq[0]);
+            Assert.Equal((mainFull, 1, "line1", DnsmasqConfFileSource.Main), seq[1]);
+            Assert.Equal((extraFull, 0, "", DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfFile), seq[2]);
+            Assert.Equal((extraFull, 1, "extra1", DnsmasqConfFileSource.ConfFile), seq[3]);
+            Assert.Equal((mainFull, 3, "line2", DnsmasqConfFileSource.Main), seq[4]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserInterfacesAndFilteringTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Interfaces, auth-server, DHCP/option/resolv multi-value, rebind/bogus/ignore/alias, filter-rr, cache-rr.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserInterfacesAndFilteringTests
+{
+    // --- Additional tests: one per conf field so every option has a documented example test ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Interface_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-if-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "interface=eth0\ninterface=wlan0\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Interface);
+            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
+            Assert.Equal("eth0", result[0]);
+            Assert.Equal("wlan0", result[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_ExceptInterface_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-except-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "except-interface=eth1\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExceptInterface);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal("eth1", result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_NoDhcpInterface_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-nodhcpi-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-dhcp-interface=eth2\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpInterface);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal("eth2", result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_NoDhcpv4Interface_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-nodhcp4-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-dhcpv4-interface=eth0\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpv4Interface);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal("eth0", result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_NoDhcpv6Interface_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-nodhcp6-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-dhcpv6-interface=eth0\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpv6Interface);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal("eth0", result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_AuthServer_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-auth-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "lan,eth0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"auth-server={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpHost_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcphost-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "00:11:22:33:44:55,192.168.1.100,router,12h";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-host={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHost);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpOption_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpopt-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "option:router,192.168.1.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-option={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOption);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_ResolvFile_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-resolv-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/etc/resolv.dnsmasq";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"resolv-file={path}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ResolvFile);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(path, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_RebindDomainOk_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-rebind-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "/local.lan/";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"rebind-domain-ok={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.RebindDomainOk);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_BogusNxdomain_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-bogusnx-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "64.94.110.11";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"bogus-nxdomain={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.BogusNxdomain);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_IgnoreAddress_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ignoreaddr-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "192.168.1.0/24";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"ignore-address={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.IgnoreAddress);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Alias_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-alias-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "1.2.3.0,6.7.8.0,255.255.255.0";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"alias={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Alias);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_FilterRr_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-filterrr-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "TXT,MX";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"filter-rr={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_CacheRr_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-cacherr-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "TXT";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"cache-rr={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheRr);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoHosts_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-nohosts-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "no-hosts\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoHosts);
+            Assert.True(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserNewOptionsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Positive parser tests for added options: key wired and "option present" behaviour.
+/// Ensures key names in DnsmasqConfKeys match what the parser expects (complement to OfficialExampleTests which assert "all commented → false/empty").
+/// Covers process flags (keep-in-foreground, no-daemon), DHCP include paths (dhcp-hostsfile, dhcp-optsfile, dhcp-hostsdir), proxy-dnssec, conntrack.
+/// </summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserNewOptionsTests
+{
+    // --- Flags (8): key-only line → GetFlag returns true ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_ReadEthers_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.ReadEthers);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DhcpRapidCommit_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRapidCommit);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_TftpNoFail_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpNoFail);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_TftpNoBlocksize_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpNoBlocksize);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Localmx_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.Localmx);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Selfmx_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.Selfmx);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_EnableRa_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableRa);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_LogDhcp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.LogDhcp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_KeepInForeground_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.KeepInForeground);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoDaemon_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDaemon);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_ProxyDnssec_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.ProxyDnssec);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_ConnmarkAllowlistEnable_WhenPresent_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        WriteLastWinsKeyOnlyAndAssertPresent(DnsmasqConfKeys.ConnmarkAllowlistEnable);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoRoundRobin_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.NoRoundRobin);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DnssecNoTimecheck_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecNoTimecheck);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DnssecDebug_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecDebug);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Leasequery_WhenPresent_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "leasequery\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal("", result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Leasequery_WithValue_IsParsed()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "leasequery=10.0.0.0/24\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery);
+            Assert.Equal("10.0.0.0/24", Assert.Single(result));
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_QuietDhcp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.QuietDhcp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_QuietTftp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.QuietTftp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpGenerateNames_WhenPresent_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        WriteLastWinsKeyOnlyAndAssertPresent(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpGenerateNames);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpBroadcast_WhenPresent_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        WriteLastWinsKeyOnlyAndAssertPresent(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpBroadcast);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DhcpSequentialIp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpSequentialIp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DhcpIgnoreClid_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnoreClid);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_BootpDynamic_WhenPresent_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        WriteLastWinsKeyOnlyAndAssertPresent(DnsmasqConfKeys.BootpDynamic);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_NoPing_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.NoPing);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_ScriptArp_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.ScriptArp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_ScriptOnRenewal_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.ScriptOnRenewal);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_DhcpNoOverride_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpNoOverride);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_QuietDhcp6_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.QuietDhcp6);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_QuietRa_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(DnsmasqConfKeys.QuietRa);
+    }
+
+    // --- Multi-value (6): key=value line(s) → GetMultiValue returns value(s) ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpOptionForce_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "208,f1:00:74:7e";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-option-force={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOptionForce);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Ipset_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "/example.com/vpn,search";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"ipset={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Ipset);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Nftset_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "/example.com/ip#test#vpn";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"nftset={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Nftset);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpMac_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "set:red,00:60:8C:*:*:*";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-mac={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpMac);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpNameMatch_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "set:wpad-ignore,wpad";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-name-match={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpNameMatch);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpIgnoreNames_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "tag:wpad-ignore";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-ignore-names={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnoreNames);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpHostsfile_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/etc/dnsmasq.d/hosts.d";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-hostsfile={path}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsfile);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(path, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpOptsfile_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/etc/dnsmasq.d/opts.conf";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-optsfile={path}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOptsfile);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(path, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpHostsdir_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/etc/dnsmasq.d/hosts.d";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-hostsdir={path}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsdir);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(path, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    // --- Single-value (2): key=value → GetLastValue returns value ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MxTarget_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var value = "mail.example.com";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"mx-target={value}\n");
+            var (result, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MxTarget);
+            Assert.Equal(value, result);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpScript_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var value = "/usr/bin/dnsmasq-script";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-script={value}\n");
+            var (result, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpScript);
+            Assert.Equal(value, result);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Conntrack_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "conntrack\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Conntrack));
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_Conntrack_WhenAbsent_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "port=53\n");
+            Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Conntrack));
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteFlagAndAssertTrue(string key)
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, key + "\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, key));
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteLastWinsKeyOnlyAndAssertPresent(string key)
+    {
+        var dir = CreateTempDir();
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, key + "\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, key);
+            Assert.NotNull(value);
+        }
+        finally { Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true); }
+    }
+
+    private static string CreateTempDir()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-newopts-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        return dir;
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserOfficialExampleTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests that the parser correctly handles the official dnsmasq example (testdata/dnsmasq.official.conf.example).
+/// All options in that file are commented out, so parsing it should yield no active values (single path, empty/false/null).
+/// </summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserOfficialExampleTests
+{
+    private static string GetOfficialExamplePath()
+    {
+        var path = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq.official.conf.example");
+        Assert.True(File.Exists(path), "Testdata dnsmasq.official.conf.example required (download from https://github.com/imp/dnsmasq)");
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIncludedPaths_OfficialExample_ReturnsSinglePath()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(mainPath);
+        Assert.Single(paths);
+        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(mainPath), paths[0]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_OfficialExample_AllCommented_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var (portVal, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
+        var (cacheVal, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheSize);
+        var (mxTargetVal, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.MxTarget);
+        var (dhcpScriptVal, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpScript);
+        Assert.Null(portVal);
+        Assert.Null(cacheVal);
+        Assert.Null(mxTargetVal);
+        Assert.Null(dhcpScriptVal);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_OfficialExample_AllCommented_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var servers = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+        var locals = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Local);
+        var dhcpOptionForce = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOptionForce);
+        var ipset = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Ipset);
+        var nftset = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Nftset);
+        var dhcpMac = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpMac);
+        var dhcpNameMatch = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpNameMatch);
+        var dhcpIgnoreNames = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnoreNames);
+        Assert.Empty(servers);
+        Assert.Empty(locals);
+        Assert.Empty(dhcpOptionForce);
+        Assert.Empty(ipset);
+        Assert.Empty(nftset);
+        Assert.Empty(dhcpMac);
+        Assert.Empty(dhcpNameMatch);
+        Assert.Empty(dhcpIgnoreNames);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_OfficialExample_AllCommented_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ReadEthers));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRapidCommit));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpNoFail));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.TftpNoBlocksize));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Localmx));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Selfmx));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableRa));
+        Assert.False(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogDhcp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OfficialExample_FileContainsExpectedOptionNames()
+    {
+        var path = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var content = File.ReadAllText(path);
+        // Sanity: official example documents the options we support (as commented lines).
+        Assert.Contains("read-ethers", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-option-force", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-rapid-commit", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-script", content);
+        Assert.Contains("tftp-no-fail", content);
+        Assert.Contains("tftp-no-blocksize", content);
+        Assert.Contains("mx-target", content);
+        Assert.Contains("localmx", content);
+        Assert.Contains("selfmx", content);
+        Assert.Contains("enable-ra", content);
+        Assert.Contains("log-dhcp", content);
+        Assert.Contains("ipset=", content);
+        Assert.Contains("nftset=", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-mac", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-name-match", content);
+        Assert.Contains("dhcp-ignore-names", content);
+        // SRV records use option name srv-host (not "srv")
+        Assert.Contains("srv-host", content);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_OfficialExample_AllCommented_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var addnHosts = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(paths);
+        Assert.NotNull(addnHosts);
+        Assert.Empty(addnHosts);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetNoHostsFromConfigFiles_OfficialExample_AllCommented_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        var mainPath = GetOfficialExamplePath();
+        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
+        var noHosts = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetNoHostsFromConfigFiles(paths);
+        Assert.False(noHosts);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserRecordsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>DNS records and local names: hostsdir, domain, cname, mx-host, srv, ptr/txt/naptr/host-record, dynamic-host, interface-name.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserRecordsTests
+{
+    // --- One test per option: key wired, when set returns value(s) ---
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_Hostsdir_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-hostsdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/etc/dnsmasq.d/hosts";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"hostsdir={path}\n");
+            var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Hostsdir);
+            Assert.Equal(path, value);
+            Assert.Equal(dir, configDir);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Domain_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-domain-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "home,192.168.1.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"domain={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Cname_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-cname-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "mail.example.com,real.example.com";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"cname={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_MxHost_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-mx-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "example.com,mail.example.com,50";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"mx-host={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_Srv_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-srv-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "_http._tcp.example.com,server.example.com,80";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"srv-host={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Srv);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_PtrRecord_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ptr-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa,host.example.com";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"ptr-record={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.PtrRecord);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_TxtRecord_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-txt-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "example.com,v=spf1 include:_spf.example.com";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"txt-record={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.TxtRecord);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_NaptrRecord_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-naptr-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "example.com,100,10,u,sip+E2U,sips:.*@example.com,.";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"naptr-record={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NaptrRecord);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_HostRecord_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-hostrecord-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "router.example.com,192.168.1.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"host-record={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.HostRecord);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DynamicHost_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dynamichost-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "hostname,example.com,192.168.1.50";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dynamic-host={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_InterfaceName_WhenSet_ReturnsValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ifname-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var line = "eth0,router.local";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"interface-name={line}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.InterfaceName);
+            Assert.Single(result);
+            Assert.Equal(line, result[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserServerAndResolvTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Server/local, rev-server, dhcp-range, all-servers, log-queries.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserServerAndResolvTests
+{
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_ServerAndLocal_CollectsBothInOrder()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-multi-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
+        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
+        var v1 = "1.1.1.1";
+        var v2 = "/local/";
+        var v3 = "/example.com/192.168.1.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(f1, $"server={v1}\nlocal={v2}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(f2, $"server={v3}\n");
+            var resultServer = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Server);
+            var resultLocal = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Local);
+            Assert.Equal(2, resultServer.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(v1, resultServer[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(v3, resultServer[1]);
+            Assert.Single(resultLocal);
+            Assert.Equal(v2, resultLocal[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpRange_CollectsAllInOrder()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcp-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var range1 = "172.28.0.10,172.28.0.50,12h";
+        var range2 = "192.168.1.10,192.168.1.100,255.255.255.0,24h";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"dhcp-range={range1}\ndhcp-range={range2}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRange);
+            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(range1, result[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(range2, result[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_AllServers_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-allsrv-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "all-servers\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.AllServers);
+            Assert.True(result);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogQueries_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logq-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "log-queries=extra\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogQueries);
+            Assert.Equal("extra", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_RevServer_ReturnsAllValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-rev-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var v1 = "1.2.3.0/24,192.168.0.1";
+        var v2 = "10.0.0.0/8,10.0.0.1";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"rev-server={v1}\nrev-server={v2}\n");
+            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.RevServer);
+            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(v1, result[0]);
+            Assert.Equal(v2, result[1]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserSingleValueTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+
+/// <summary>Single-value options (last wins): local-ttl, pid-file, user, group, auth-ttl, edns-packet-max, query-port, port-limit, min/max-port, log-async, local-service, dhcp-lease-max, neg/max/min-cache-ttl, dhcp-ttl.</summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserSingleValueTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_LeasefileRo_WhenPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-leasero-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "leasefile-ro\n");
+            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LeasefileRo));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LocalTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-localttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "local-ttl=300\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LocalTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("300", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_PidFile_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-pid-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var path = "/var/run/dnsmasq.pid";
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, $"pid-file={path}\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.PidFile);
+            Assert.Equal(path, value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_User_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-user-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "user=nobody\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.User);
+            Assert.Equal("nobody", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_Group_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-group-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "group=dip\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Group);
+            Assert.Equal("dip", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_AuthTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-authttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "auth-ttl=60\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("60", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_EdnsPacketMax_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-edns-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "edns-packet-max=1232\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.EdnsPacketMax);
+            Assert.Equal("1232", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_QueryPort_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-qport-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "query-port=0\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.QueryPort);
+            Assert.Equal("0", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_PortLimit_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-portlimit-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "port-limit=3\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.PortLimit);
+            Assert.Equal("3", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MinPort_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-minport-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "min-port=1024\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MinPort);
+            Assert.Equal("1024", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MaxPort_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-maxport-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "max-port=65535\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MaxPort);
+            Assert.Equal("65535", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogAsync_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logasync-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "log-async=25\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogAsync);
+            Assert.Equal("25", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LocalService_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-localsvc-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "local-service=host\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LocalService);
+            Assert.Equal("host", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpLeaseMax_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-leasemax-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dhcp-lease-max=150\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpLeaseMax);
+            Assert.Equal("150", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_NegTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-negttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "neg-ttl=60\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NegTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("60", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MaxTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-maxttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "max-ttl=3600\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MaxTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("3600", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MaxCacheTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-maxcttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "max-cache-ttl=86400\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MaxCacheTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("86400", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_MinCacheTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-mincttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "min-cache-ttl=60\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.MinCacheTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("60", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpTtl_WhenSet_ReturnsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcpttl-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dhcp-ttl=0\n");
+            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpTtl);
+            Assert.Equal("0", value);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfIncludeParserTests.cs

@@ -1,600 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Tests for DnsmasqConfIncludeParser. Discovers conf-file= and conf-dir= from main dnsmasq config
-/// to build ordered list of included file paths and first conf-dir for managed file.
-/// </summary>
-public class DnsmasqConfIncludeParserTests
-{
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_MainFileMissing_ReturnsOnlyMainPath()
-    {
-        var main = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "nonexistent-dnsmasq-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + ".conf");
-        var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-        Assert.Single(paths);
-        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_MainOnly_ReturnsSinglePath()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-main-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "domain=local\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Single(paths);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_OneConfFile_ReturnsMainThenConfFile()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-conffile-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var includePath = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(includePath, "# extra\n");
-            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-file=extra.conf\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(includePath), paths[1]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_OneConfDir_ReturnsMainThenDirFilesSorted()
-    {
-        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-confdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
-        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "d");
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "zz.conf"), "");
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "aa.conf"), "");
-            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=d\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Equal(3, paths.Count); // main + aa.conf + zz.conf (alphabetical)
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(main), paths[0]);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(subDir, "aa.conf")), paths[1]);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(subDir, "zz.conf")), paths[2]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetFirstConfDir_NoConfDir_ReturnsNull()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-noconfdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "domain=local\nconf-file=other.conf\n");
-            var first = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFirstConfDir(main);
-            Assert.Null(first);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetFirstConfDir_HasConfDir_ReturnsResolvedPath()
-    {
-        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-firstdir-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(baseDir);
-        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.d");
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
-        try
-        {
-            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=dnsmasq.d\n");
-            var first = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFirstConfDir(main);
-            Assert.NotNull(first);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(subDir), first);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_CommentsAndBlanks_Ignored()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-comments-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "# comment\n\n  \nconf-file=extra.conf\n");
-            var extra = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(extra, "");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(extra), paths[1]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_testdata_dnsmasq_conf_ReturnsMainOnlyWhenConfDirMissing()
-    {
-        var mainPath = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq.conf");
-        if (!File.Exists(mainPath))
-            return; // testdata not copied
-        var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(mainPath);
-        Assert.Single(paths);
-        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(mainPath), paths[0]);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_FromTestdata_ReturnsLeasesPath()
-    {
-        var mainPath = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq-test.conf");
-        if (!File.Exists(mainPath))
-            return;
-        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
-        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(paths);
-        Assert.NotNull(result);
-        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/data/leases"), result);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Uses testdata/dnsmasq-test.conf (harness main) to assert multi-value options are collected from testdata.</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_FromTestdata_ReturnsServerAndAddnHosts()
-    {
-        var mainPath = TestDataHelper.GetPath("dnsmasq-test.conf");
-        if (!File.Exists(mainPath))
-            return;
-        var paths = new[] { mainPath };
-        var servers = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ServerLocalKeys);
-        var addnHosts = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(paths);
-        var addresses = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Address);
-        var listenAddrs = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.ListenAddress);
-        Assert.True(servers.Count >= 2, "testdata dnsmasq-test.conf should have at least 2 server= lines");
-        Assert.Contains("1.1.1.1", servers);
-        Assert.Contains("8.8.8.8", servers);
-        Assert.True(addnHosts.Count >= 2, "testdata should have at least 2 addn-hosts paths");
-        Assert.True(addresses.Count >= 2, "testdata should have at least 2 address= lines");
-        Assert.Single(listenAddrs);
-        Assert.Equal("172.28.0.2", listenAddrs[0]);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_LastWins()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-lease-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var first = Path.Combine(dir, "first.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(first, "dhcp-leasefile=/var/first.leases\n");
-            var second = Path.Combine(dir, "second.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(second, "dhcp-leasefile=/var/second.leases\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(new[] { first, second });
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/var/second.leases"), result);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles_RelativePath_ResolvedAgainstConfigDir()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-lease-rel-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dhcp-leasefile=subdir/leases\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetDhcpLeaseFilePathFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf });
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, "subdir", "leases")), result);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_Empty_ReturnsEmpty()
-    {
-        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(Array.Empty<string>());
-        Assert.Empty(result);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_Cumulative_ReturnsAllInOrder()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var first = Path.Combine(dir, "first.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(first, "addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.d/first\n");
-            var second = Path.Combine(dir, "second.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(second, "addn-hosts=/data/hosts\naddn-hosts=/data/extra.hosts\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(new[] { first, second });
-            Assert.Equal(3, result.Count);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.d/first"), result[0]);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/data/hosts"), result[1]);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/data/extra.hosts"), result[2]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles_RelativePath_ResolvedAgainstConfigDir()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-rel-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "addn-hosts=hosts.d/app.hosts\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf });
-            Assert.Single(result);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, "hosts.d", "app.hosts")), result[0]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_OptionPresent_ReturnsTrue()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "expand-hosts\nno-resolv\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
-            Assert.True(result);
-            Assert.True(DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoResolv));
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_OptionAbsent_ReturnsFalse()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "port=53\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoHosts);
-            Assert.False(result);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LastWins()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-last-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
-        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(f1, "cache-size=100\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(f2, "cache-size=200\n");
-            var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheSize);
-            Assert.Equal("200", value);
-            Assert.Equal(dir, configDir);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogFacility_ReturnsValue()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logfac-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "log-facility=/data/dnsmasq.log\n");
-            var (value, configDir) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogFacility);
-            Assert.Equal("/data/dnsmasq.log", value);
-            Assert.Equal(dir, configDir);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_LogFacility_LastWins()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-logfac2-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
-        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(f1, "log-facility=/var/log/dnsmasq.log\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(f2, "log-facility=/data/dnsmasq.log\n");
-            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.LogFacility);
-            Assert.Equal("/data/dnsmasq.log", value);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void ResolvePath_Relative_ResolvesAgainstDir()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.GetTempPath();
-        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.ResolvePath("sub/pid.pid", dir);
-        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, "sub", "pid.pid")), result);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void ResolvePath_Absolute_ReturnsAsIs()
-    {
-        var abs = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "absolute.pid");
-        var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.ResolvePath(abs, "/some/dir");
-        Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(abs), result);
-    }
-
-    // --- Tests matching dnsmasq option.c semantics (ARG_ONE = last wins, flags = no value allowed) ---
-
-    /// <summary>dnsmasq option.c: opts[i].has_arg == 0 && arg -> "extraneous parameter"; flag with value is invalid, so we must not count it.</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetFlagFromConfigFiles_FlagWithValue_ReturnsFalse()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-flag-val-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "expand-hosts=1\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetFlagFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExpandHosts);
-            Assert.False(result);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>dnsmasq option.c: strcmp(opts[i].name, start) == 0 — option names are case-sensitive; "Port" is bad option.</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_CaseSensitive_PortWithCapitalP_ReturnsNull()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-case-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        try
-        {
-            var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "Port=53\n");
-            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
-            Assert.Null(value);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Path list is [main, conf-file...]. We read each file entirely in that order, so last port is last occurrence in that stream (main lines then extra). Main has port=53, port=5353; extra has port=54 → last is 54.</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetLastValueFromConfigFiles_TwoFiles_LastOccurrenceInPathOrderWins()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-two-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var main = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-        var extra = Path.Combine(dir, "extra.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "port=53\nconf-file=extra.conf\nport=5353\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(extra, "port=54\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            var (value, _) = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetLastValueFromConfigFiles(paths, DnsmasqConfKeys.Port);
-            Assert.Equal("54", value);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>dnsmasq conf-dir=dir,*.suffix only includes files ending with suffix (option.c match_suffix).</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_ConfDir_WithMatchSuffix_OnlyIncludesMatchingFiles()
-    {
-        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-match-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "d");
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "a.conf"), "");
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "b.txt"), "");
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "c.conf"), "");
-            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=d,*.conf\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Equal(3, paths.Count);
-            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith("a.conf", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith("c.conf", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-            Assert.DoesNotContain(paths, p => p.EndsWith("b.txt", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>dnsmasq conf-dir=dir,.suffix ignores files ending with suffix (option.c ignore_suffix).</summary>
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetIncludedPaths_ConfDir_WithIgnoreSuffix_ExcludesMatchingFiles()
-    {
-        var baseDir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-ignore-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        var subDir = Path.Combine(baseDir, "d");
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(subDir);
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "a.conf"), "");
-            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(subDir, "b.conf.bak"), "");
-            var main = Path.Combine(baseDir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-            File.WriteAllText(main, "conf-dir=d,.bak\n");
-            var paths = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetIncludedPaths(main);
-            Assert.Equal(2, paths.Count);
-            Assert.Contains(paths, p => p.EndsWith("a.conf", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-            Assert.DoesNotContain(paths, p => p.EndsWith("b.conf.bak", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(baseDir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource_ReturnsSourcePerPath()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-src-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
-        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
-        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, "managed.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(f1, "addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.a\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(f2, "addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.b\naddn-hosts=/etc/hosts.c\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource(new[] { f1, f2 }, managedPath);
-            Assert.Equal(3, result.Count);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.a"), result[0].Path);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(f1), result[0].Source.FileName);
-            Assert.False(result[0].Source.IsManaged);
-            Assert.Equal(1, result[0].Source.LineNumber);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.b"), result[1].Path);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(f2), result[1].Source.FileName);
-            Assert.Equal(1, result[1].Source.LineNumber);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.c"), result[2].Path);
-            Assert.Equal(2, result[2].Source.LineNumber);
-            Assert.True(result[2].Source.IsReadOnly == !result[2].Source.IsManaged);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource_WhenManagedFileInList_IsManagedTrue()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-addn-mgd-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, "zz-managed.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "addn-hosts=/other/hosts\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, "addn-hosts=/managed/hosts\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetAddnHostsPathsFromConfigFilesWithSource(new[] { mainPath, managedPath }, managedPath);
-            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
-            Assert.False(result[0].Source.IsManaged);
-            Assert.Equal(1, result[0].Source.LineNumber);
-            Assert.True(result[1].Source.IsManaged);
-            Assert.Equal(1, result[1].Source.LineNumber);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_ServerAndLocal_CollectsBothInOrder()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-multi-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var f1 = Path.Combine(dir, "01.conf");
-        var f2 = Path.Combine(dir, "02.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(f1, "server=1.1.1.1\nlocal=/local/\n");
-            File.WriteAllText(f2, "server=/example.com/192.168.1.1\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { f1, f2 }, DnsmasqConfKeys.ServerLocalKeys);
-            Assert.Equal(3, result.Count);
-            Assert.Equal("1.1.1.1", result[0]);
-            Assert.Equal("/local/", result[1]);
-            Assert.Equal("/example.com/192.168.1.1", result[2]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles_DhcpRange_CollectsAllInOrder()
-    {
-        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-dhcp-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
-        var conf = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(conf, "dhcp-range=172.28.0.10,172.28.0.50,12h\ndhcp-range=192.168.1.10,192.168.1.100,255.255.255.0,24h\n");
-            var result = DnsmasqConfIncludeParser.GetMultiValueFromConfigFiles(new[] { conf }, DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRange);
-            Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
-            Assert.Equal("172.28.0.10,172.28.0.50,12h", result[0]);
-            Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10,192.168.1.100,255.255.255.0,24h", result[1]);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfigServiceApplyChangesTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.Dnsmasq.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Save-path tests for DnsmasqConfigService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync.
+/// Verifies that pending changes produce the correct managed config lines.
+/// </summary>
+public class DnsmasqConfigServiceApplyChangesTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_ConntrackTrue_WritesBareFlagLine()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionResolver, DnsmasqConfKeys.Conntrack, false, true, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            Assert.True(File.Exists(managedPath));
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            var lines = content.TrimEnd().Split('\n').Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
+            Assert.Contains(lines, l => l == "conntrack");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_ConntrackFalse_RemovesFlagLine()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, "conntrack\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            cache.Invalidate();
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionResolver, DnsmasqConfKeys.Conntrack, true, false, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            var lines = content.TrimEnd().Split('\n').Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
+            Assert.DoesNotContain(lines, l => l == "conntrack" || l.StartsWith("conntrack=", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_StripMacTrue_WritesBareFlagLine()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.StripMac, false, true, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            Assert.True(File.Exists(managedPath));
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            var lines = content.TrimEnd().Split('\n').Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
+            Assert.Contains(lines, l => l == DnsmasqConfKeys.StripMac);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_StripSubnetFalse_RemovesFlagLine()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, "strip-subnet\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            cache.Invalidate();
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.StripSubnet, true, false, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            var lines = content.TrimEnd().Split('\n').Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
+            Assert.DoesNotContain(lines, l => l == DnsmasqConfKeys.StripSubnet || l.StartsWith($"{DnsmasqConfKeys.StripSubnet}=", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_DnssecCheckUnsignedNo_WritesEqualsNo()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionDnssec, DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, null, "no", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            Assert.True(File.Exists(managedPath));
+            var text = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("dnssec-check-unsigned=no", text);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_KeyOnlyOrValue_KeyOnly_WritesBareKey()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.UseStaleCache, null, "", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            Assert.True(File.Exists(managedPath));
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("use-stale-cache", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("use-stale-cache=", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_InversePair_Enabled_WritesDo0x20Encode()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionResolver, DnsmasqConfKeys.Do0x20Encode, ExplicitToggleState.Default, ExplicitToggleState.Enabled, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            Assert.True(File.Exists(managedPath));
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("do-0x20-encode", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("no-0x20-encode", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_Do0x20_Default_RemovesBothLines()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, "do-0x20-encode\nno-0x20-encode\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            cache.Invalidate();
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionResolver, DnsmasqConfKeys.Do0x20Encode, ExplicitToggleState.Disabled, ExplicitToggleState.Default, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            var lines = content.TrimEnd().Split('\n').Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
+            Assert.DoesNotContain(lines, l => l == "do-0x20-encode" || l == "no-0x20-encode");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_Do0x20_Disabled_WritesNo0x20Encode()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionResolver, DnsmasqConfKeys.Do0x20Encode, ExplicitToggleState.Default, ExplicitToggleState.Disabled, null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("no-0x20-encode", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("do-0x20-encode", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_UseStaleCache_Value_WritesKeyEqualsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.UseStaleCache, null, "60", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("use-stale-cache=60", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_AddMac_KeyOnly_WritesBareKey()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.AddMac, null, "", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("add-mac", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("add-mac=", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_AddMac_ValueBase64_WritesKeyEqualsValue()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.AddMac, null, "base64", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("add-mac=base64", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_AddSubnet_KeyOnly_WritesBareKey()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.AddSubnet, null, "", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("add-subnet", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("add-subnet=", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyChanges_Umbrella_KeyOnly_WritesBareKey()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\n");
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionCache, DnsmasqConfKeys.Umbrella, null, "", null)
+            };
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var content = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(managedPath);
+            Assert.Contains("umbrella", content);
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("umbrella=", content);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync_Leasequery_MultiKeyOnlyOrValue_DoesNotDuplicateReadonlyValues()
+    {
+        var dir = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dnsmasq-apply-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        var mainPath = Path.Combine(dir, "dnsmasq.conf");
+        var readonlyPath = Path.Combine(dir, "readonly.conf");
+        var managedName = "zz-managed.conf";
+        var managedPath = Path.Combine(dir, managedName);
+        ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, $"port=53\nconf-file={readonlyPath}\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(readonlyPath, "leasequery\nleasequery=10.0.0.0/24\n");
+            File.WriteAllText(managedPath, "leasequery=172.16.0.0/16\n");
+
+            var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions { MainConfigPath = mainPath, ManagedFileName = managedName });
+            cache = new ConfigSetCache(options, NullLogger<ConfigSetCache>.Instance);
+            cache.Invalidate();
+            var setService = new DnsmasqConfigSetService(cache);
+            var configService = new DnsmasqConfigService(setService, cache, NullLogger<DnsmasqConfigService>.Instance);
+
+            // Simulate UI effective values (readonly + managed). Save should write only managed-only values.
+            var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+            {
+                new(
+                    EffectiveConfigSections.SectionDhcp,
+                    DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery,
+                    null,
+                    new List<string> { "", "10.0.0.0/24", "192.168.50.0/24" },
+                    null)
+            };
+
+            await configService.ApplyEffectiveConfigChangesAsync(changes);
+
+            var lines = (await File.ReadAllLinesAsync(managedPath))
+                .Select(l => l.Trim())
+                .Where(l => l.StartsWith("leasequery", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                .ToList();
+
+            Assert.Single(lines);
+            Assert.Equal("leasequery=192.168.50.0/24", lines[0]);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            cache?.Dispose();
+            if (Directory.Exists(dir))
+                Directory.Delete(dir, recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqConfigSetServiceTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Configuration;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Services;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.Dnsmasq.Config;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ public class DnsmasqConfigSetServiceTests
         Assert.Empty(config.AddnHostsPaths);
         Assert.NotNull(sources);
         Assert.Empty(sources.AddnHostsPaths);
-        Assert.Empty(sources.ServerLocalValues);
+        Assert.Empty(sources.ServerValues);
+        Assert.Empty(sources.LocalValues);
         Assert.Empty(sources.DhcpRanges);
         Assert.Null(sources.NoHosts);
         Assert.Null(sources.Port);
@@ -40,7 +42,10 @@ public class DnsmasqConfigSetServiceTests
         ConfigSetCache? cache = null;
         try
         {
-            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, "port=53\ncache-size=500\naddn-hosts=/etc/hosts.extra\n");
+            int port = 53;
+            int cacheSize = 500;
+            var addnHostsPath = "/etc/hosts.extra";
+            File.WriteAllText(mainPath, $"port={port}\ncache-size={cacheSize}\naddn-hosts={addnHostsPath}\n");
             var options = Options.Create(new DnsmasqOptions
             {
                 MainConfigPath = mainPath,
@@ -51,11 +56,12 @@ public class DnsmasqConfigSetServiceTests
             var (config, sources) = service.GetEffectiveConfigWithSources();
 
             Assert.NotNull(config);
-            Assert.Equal(53, config.Port);
-            Assert.Equal(500, config.CacheSize);
+            Assert.Equal(port, config.Port);
+            Assert.Equal(cacheSize, config.CacheSize);
             Assert.Single(config.AddnHostsPaths);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.extra"), config.AddnHostsPaths[0]);
-            Assert.Empty(config.ServerLocalValues);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(addnHostsPath), config.AddnHostsPaths[0]);
+            Assert.Empty(config.ServerValues);
+            Assert.Empty(config.LocalValues);
             Assert.Empty(config.DhcpRanges);
 
             Assert.NotNull(sources);
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ public class DnsmasqConfigSetServiceTests
             Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(mainPath), sources.Port!.FileName);
             Assert.NotNull(sources.CacheSize);
             Assert.Single(sources.AddnHostsPaths);
-            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath("/etc/hosts.extra"), sources.AddnHostsPaths[0].Path);
+            Assert.Equal(Path.GetFullPath(addnHostsPath), sources.AddnHostsPaths[0].Path);
             Assert.NotNull(sources.AddnHostsPaths[0].Source);
             Assert.Equal(Path.GetFileName(mainPath), sources.AddnHostsPaths[0].Source!.FileName);
         }

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqDhcpRangeValueParserTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.Dnsmasq.Config;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+public class DnsmasqDhcpRangeValueParserTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void TryParse_ValidRange_ReturnsStructuredTokens()
+    {
+        var ok = DnsmasqDhcpRangeValueParser.TryParse(
+            "tag:guest,set:known,192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h",
+            out var parsed,
+            out var error);
+
+        Assert.True(ok);
+        Assert.Null(error);
+        Assert.NotNull(parsed);
+        Assert.Equal(["tag:guest", "set:known"], parsed!.Tags);
+        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.50", parsed.StartToken);
+        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.150", parsed.SecondToken);
+        Assert.Equal(["12h"], parsed.RemainingTokens);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TryParse_MalformedTrailingComma_ReturnsError()
+    {
+        var ok = DnsmasqDhcpRangeValueParser.TryParse("172.28.0.10,", out var parsed, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(ok);
+        Assert.Null(parsed);
+        Assert.Equal("dhcp-range contains an empty comma-separated segment.", error);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetIPv4StartEnd_ReturnsParsedIpv4Range()
+    {
+        var result = DnsmasqDhcpRangeValueParser.GetIPv4StartEnd("tag:guest,192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h");
+
+        Assert.Equal(("192.168.1.50", "192.168.1.150"), result);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParserTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dhcp;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -19,63 +19,113 @@ public class DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_ValidFiveFields_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689575 00:00:00:00:00:05 192.168.1.155 wdt 01:00:00:00:00:00:05");
+        long epoch = 946689575;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+        string name = "wdt";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:05";
+
+        var line = $"{epoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId}";
+        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal(946689575, e!.Epoch);
-        Assert.Equal("00:00:00:00:00:05", e.Mac);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.155", e.Address);
-        Assert.Equal("wdt", e.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("01:00:00:00:00:00:05", e.ClientId);
+        Assert.Equal(epoch, e!.Epoch);
+        Assert.Equal(mac, e.Mac);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(clientId, e.ClientId);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_UnknownHostname_Asterisk()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689522 00:00:00:00:00:04 192.168.1.237 * 01:00:00:00:00:00:04");
+        long epoch = 946689522;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:04";
+        string address = "192.168.1.237";
+        string name = "*";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:04";
+
+        var line = $"{epoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId}";
+        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("*", e!.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.237", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e!.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_UnknownClientId_Asterisk()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689351 00:0f:b0:3a:b5:0b 192.168.1.208 colinux *");
+        long epoch = 946689351;
+        string mac = "00:0f:b0:3a:b5:0b";
+        string address = "192.168.1.208";
+        string name = "colinux";
+        string clientId = "*";
+
+        var line = $"{epoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId}";
+        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("colinux", e!.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("*", e.ClientId);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e!.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(clientId, e.ClientId);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_MultipleSpacesBetweenFields_Parses()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("  946689575   00:00:00:00:00:05   192.168.1.155   wdt   01:00:00:00:00:00:05  ");
+        long epoch = 946689575;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+        string name = "wdt";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:05";
+
+        var line = $"  {epoch}   {mac}   {address}   {name}   {clientId}  ";
+        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal(946689575, e!.Epoch);
-        Assert.Equal("00:00:00:00:00:05", e.Mac);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.155", e.Address);
-        Assert.Equal("wdt", e.Name);
-        Assert.Equal("01:00:00:00:00:00:05", e.ClientId);
+        Assert.Equal(epoch, e!.Epoch);
+        Assert.Equal(mac, e.Mac);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(clientId, e.ClientId);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_TooFewFields_ReturnsNull()
     {
-        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689575 00:00:00:00:00:05 192.168.1.155"));
-        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689575 00:00:00:00:00:05"));
+        long epoch = 946689575;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+
+        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine($"{epoch} {mac} {address}"));
+        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine($"{epoch} {mac}"));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_TrailingJunk_ReturnsNull()
     {
         // Parser uses .End() so extra text after fifth field fails
-        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689575 00:00:00:00:00:05 192.168.1.155 wdt 01:00:00:00:00:00:05 extra"));
+        long epoch = 946689575;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+        string name = "wdt";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:05";
+
+        var line = $"{epoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId} extra";
+        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_InvalidEpoch_ReturnsNull()
     {
-        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("notanum 00:00:00:00:00:05 192.168.1.155 wdt 01:00:00:00:00:00:05"));
+        string invalidEpoch = "notanum";
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+        string name = "wdt";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:05";
+
+        var line = $"{invalidEpoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId}";
+        Assert.Null(DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line));
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -90,9 +140,18 @@ public class DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void Timestamp_ConvertsEpochToDateTime()
     {
-        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine("946689575 00:00:00:00:00:05 192.168.1.155 wdt 01:00:00:00:00:00:05");
+        long epoch = 946689575;
+        string mac = "00:00:00:00:00:05";
+        string address = "192.168.1.155";
+        string name = "wdt";
+        string clientId = "01:00:00:00:00:00:05";
+
+        var line = $"{epoch} {mac} {address} {name} {clientId}";
+        var e = DnsmasqLeasesFileLineParser.ParseLine(line);
+
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        var dt = e!.Timestamp;
+        Assert.Equal(epoch, e!.Epoch);
+        var dt = e.Timestamp;
         Assert.True(dt.Year >= 1999 && dt.Year <= 2000); // epoch 946689575 is ~1999-12
     }
 

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/Do0x20EncodeDisplayLabelTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Documents and guards the Do0x20 display label rule: Default and Disabled both show "Disabled" (product choice).
+/// Do not "fix" the display to show "Default" for unset without updating this test and the component comment.
+/// </summary>
+public class Do0x20EncodeDisplayLabelTests
+{
+    /// <summary>Same logic as Do0x20EncodeDisplay.razor view mode: Enabled → "Enabled", else "Disabled".</summary>
+    private static string GetDisplayLabel(ExplicitToggleState state) =>
+        state == ExplicitToggleState.Enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled";
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Do0x20_Default_ShowsDisabled()
+    {
+        Assert.Equal("Disabled", GetDisplayLabel(ExplicitToggleState.Default));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Do0x20_Disabled_ShowsDisabled()
+    {
+        Assert.Equal("Disabled", GetDisplayLabel(ExplicitToggleState.Disabled));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Do0x20_Enabled_ShowsEnabled()
+    {
+        Assert.Equal("Enabled", GetDisplayLabel(ExplicitToggleState.Enabled));
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/EffectiveConfigEditableOptionsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Ensures effective-config editable options list includes supported cache flags.
+/// </summary>
+public class EffectiveConfigEditableOptionsTests
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// strip-mac and strip-subnet are supported in the effective-config UI and should be listed in cache options.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void EditableOptions_Include_StripMac_And_StripSubnet()
+    {
+        var allOptionNames = EffectiveConfigSections.GetSectionsInOrder()
+            .SelectMany(t => EffectiveConfigSections.GetOptionsInSection(t.SectionId))
+            .ToHashSet(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        Assert.Contains(DnsmasqConfKeys.StripMac, allOptionNames);
+        Assert.Contains(DnsmasqConfKeys.StripSubnet, allOptionNames);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirementsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests for option -> feature mapping and capability checks.
+/// </summary>
+public class EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirementsTests
+{
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.Dnssec, DnsmasqFeature.Dnssec)]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, DnsmasqFeature.Dnssec)]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.TrustAnchor, DnsmasqFeature.Dnssec)]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRange, DnsmasqFeature.Dhcp)]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableTftp, DnsmasqFeature.Tftp)]
+    [InlineData(DnsmasqConfKeys.EnableDbus, DnsmasqFeature.Dbus)]
+    public void GetRequiredFeature_ReturnsExpectedFeature(string optionName, DnsmasqFeature expected)
+    {
+        var feature = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetRequiredFeature(optionName);
+        Assert.NotNull(feature);
+        Assert.Equal(expected, feature.Value);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetRequiredFeature_ForUnknownOption_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        var feature = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetRequiredFeature("no-such-option");
+        Assert.Null(feature);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsSupportedByCapabilities_WhenCapabilityPresent_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var caps = new DnsmasqCompileCapabilities(true, true, true, false,
+            new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase) { "DHCP", "TFTP", "DNSSEC" });
+        Assert.True(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, caps));
+        Assert.True(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRange, caps));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsSupportedByCapabilities_WhenDnssecMissing_ReturnsFalseForDnssecOptions()
+    {
+        var caps = new DnsmasqCompileCapabilities(true, true, false, false,
+            new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        Assert.False(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.Dnssec, caps));
+        Assert.False(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, caps));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsSupportedByCapabilities_ForOptionWithNoRequiredFeature_ReturnsTrue()
+    {
+        var caps = new DnsmasqCompileCapabilities(false, false, false, false,
+            new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        Assert.True(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.Port, caps));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetCapabilityDisabled_WhenStatusSupportsFeature_ReturnsNotDisabled()
+    {
+        var status = CreateStatusWithCapabilities(dnssec: true);
+        var (isDisabled, reason) = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetCapabilityDisabled(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, status);
+        Assert.False(isDisabled);
+        Assert.Null(reason);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetCapabilityDisabled_WhenStatusMissingDnssec_ReturnsDisabledWithReason()
+    {
+        var status = CreateStatusWithCapabilities(dnssec: false);
+        var (isDisabled, reason) = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetCapabilityDisabled(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, status);
+        Assert.True(isDisabled);
+        Assert.NotNull(reason);
+        Assert.Contains("DNSSEC", reason, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetCapabilityDisabled_WhenStatusNull_ReturnsNotDisabled()
+    {
+        var (isDisabled, _) = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetCapabilityDisabled(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, null);
+        Assert.False(isDisabled);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Save path uses IsSupportedByCapabilities(optionName, version.Capabilities) to reject changes before write.
+    /// This test asserts that logic: a build without DNSSEC would reject dnssec-check-unsigned.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void SaveGuard_WhenBuildHasNoDnssec_DnssecOptionChangesWouldBeRejected()
+    {
+        var noDnssecCaps = new DnsmasqCompileCapabilities(true, true, false, false,
+            new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase) { "DHCP", "TFTP" });
+        Assert.False(EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.IsSupportedByCapabilities(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, noDnssecCaps));
+        var reason = EffectiveConfigFeatureRequirements.GetUnsupportedReason(DnsmasqFeature.Dnssec);
+        Assert.Contains("DNSSEC", reason, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static DnsmasqServiceStatus CreateStatusWithCapabilities(bool dhcp = true, bool tftp = true, bool dnssec = true, bool dbus = false)
+    {
+        return new DnsmasqServiceStatus(
+            SystemHostsPath: null,
+            SystemHostsPathExists: false,
+            ManagedHostsFilePath: null,
+            ManagedHostsPathExists: false,
+            NoHosts: false,
+            AddnHostsPaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            EffectiveConfig: null,
+            EffectiveConfigSources: null,
+            MainConfigPath: null,
+            ManagedFilePath: null,
+            LeasesPath: null,
+            MainConfigPathExists: false,
+            ManagedFilePathExists: false,
+            LeasesPathConfigured: false,
+            LeasesPathExists: false,
+            ConfigFiles: null,
+            ReloadCommandConfigured: false,
+            StatusCommandConfigured: false,
+            StatusShowConfigured: false,
+            LogsConfigured: false,
+            LogsPath: null,
+            StatusShowCommand: null,
+            LogsCommand: null,
+            DnsmasqStatus: "active",
+            StatusCommandExitCode: null,
+            StatusCommandStdout: null,
+            StatusCommandStderr: null,
+            StatusShowOutput: null,
+            LogsOutput: null,
+            DhcpRangeStart: null,
+            DhcpRangeEnd: null,
+            DnsmasqVersion: "2.91",
+            MinimumSupportedDnsmasqVersion: "2.91",
+            DnsmasqVersionSupported: true,
+            DnsmasqVersionError: null,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDhcp: dhcp,
+            DnsmasqSupportsTftp: tftp,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDnssec: dnssec,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDbus: dbus);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/EffectiveConfigFieldBuilderCapabilityTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests that field descriptors get IsCapabilityDisabled set when the status indicates the option is not supported by the dnsmasq build.
+/// </summary>
+public class EffectiveConfigFieldBuilderCapabilityTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetSingleDescriptor_WhenDnssecOptionAndStatusHasNoDnssec_ReturnsDescriptorWithCapabilityDisabled()
+    {
+        var status = CreateStatusWithCapabilities(dnssec: false);
+        var descriptor = EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.GetSingleDescriptor(
+            null,
+            DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned,
+            status,
+            _ => null,
+            _ => null,
+            null);
+
+        Assert.True(descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled);
+        Assert.NotNull(descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason);
+        Assert.Contains("DNSSEC", descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetSingleDescriptor_WhenDnssecOptionAndStatusHasDnssec_ReturnsDescriptorWithCapabilityNotDisabled()
+    {
+        var status = CreateStatusWithCapabilities(dnssec: true);
+        var descriptor = EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.GetSingleDescriptor(
+            null,
+            DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned,
+            status,
+            _ => null,
+            _ => null,
+            null);
+
+        Assert.False(descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled);
+        Assert.Null(descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GetSingleDescriptor_WhenOptionWithNoFeatureRequirement_ReturnsDescriptorWithCapabilityNotDisabled()
+    {
+        var status = CreateStatusWithCapabilities(dnssec: false);
+        var descriptor = EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.GetSingleDescriptor(
+            null,
+            DnsmasqConfKeys.Port,
+            status,
+            _ => null,
+            _ => null,
+            null);
+
+        Assert.False(descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled);
+        Assert.Null(descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason);
+    }
+
+    private static DnsmasqServiceStatus CreateStatusWithCapabilities(bool dhcp = true, bool tftp = true, bool dnssec = true, bool dbus = false)
+    {
+        return new DnsmasqServiceStatus(
+            SystemHostsPath: null,
+            SystemHostsPathExists: false,
+            ManagedHostsFilePath: null,
+            ManagedHostsPathExists: false,
+            NoHosts: false,
+            AddnHostsPaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            EffectiveConfig: null,
+            EffectiveConfigSources: null,
+            MainConfigPath: null,
+            ManagedFilePath: null,
+            LeasesPath: null,
+            MainConfigPathExists: false,
+            ManagedFilePathExists: false,
+            LeasesPathConfigured: false,
+            LeasesPathExists: false,
+            ConfigFiles: null,
+            ReloadCommandConfigured: false,
+            StatusCommandConfigured: false,
+            StatusShowConfigured: false,
+            LogsConfigured: false,
+            LogsPath: null,
+            StatusShowCommand: null,
+            LogsCommand: null,
+            DnsmasqStatus: "active",
+            StatusCommandExitCode: null,
+            StatusCommandStdout: null,
+            StatusCommandStderr: null,
+            StatusShowOutput: null,
+            LogsOutput: null,
+            DhcpRangeStart: null,
+            DhcpRangeEnd: null,
+            DnsmasqVersion: "2.91",
+            MinimumSupportedDnsmasqVersion: "2.91",
+            DnsmasqVersionSupported: true,
+            DnsmasqVersionError: null,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDhcp: dhcp,
+            DnsmasqSupportsTftp: tftp,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDnssec: dnssec,
+            DnsmasqSupportsDbus: dbus);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/EffectiveConfigSemanticsWiringTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Validation;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Wiring tests that ensure special-option semantics actually feed parser and registry behavior.
+/// </summary>
+public class EffectiveConfigSemanticsWiringTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void ParserBehaviorMap_UsesSpecialSemantics_ForAllSpecialOptions()
+    {
+        foreach (var option in EffectiveConfigSpecialOptionSemantics.GetAllOptionNames())
+        {
+            var semantics = EffectiveConfigSpecialOptionSemantics.TryGetSemantics(option)!;
+            Assert.Equal(semantics.ParserBehavior, EffectiveConfigParserBehaviorMap.GetBehavior(option));
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Registry_WiresLeasequeryMultiValidator_FromSpecialSemantics()
+    {
+        var registry = new EffectiveConfigRenderFragmentRegistry(new OptionSemanticValidator([new LeasequerySemanticHandler()]));
+        var factory = registry.GetMultiDescriptorFactory(EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionDhcp, DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery);
+        Assert.NotNull(factory);
+
+        var descriptor = factory!(
+            EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionDhcp,
+            DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery,
+            status: null,
+            getItems: _ => null);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(descriptor.Validator);
+        Assert.NotNull(descriptor.Validator!.ValidateItem("not-an-ip", Array.Empty<string>()));
+        Assert.Null(descriptor.Validator.ValidateItem("10.0.0.0/24", Array.Empty<string>()));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Pre-save semantic blocking: invalid leasequery value produces errors; SaveService uses this and returns SemanticValidationFailed before write.</summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void SemanticValidationService_InvalidLeasequery_ReturnsError()
+    {
+        var validator = new OptionSemanticValidator([new LeasequerySemanticHandler()]);
+        var service = new EffectiveConfigSemanticValidationService(validator);
+        var changes = new List<PendingEffectiveConfigChange>
+        {
+            new(EffectiveConfigSections.SectionDhcp, DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery, null,
+                new List<string> { "not-an-ip" }, null)
+        };
+        var issues = service.Validate(changes);
+        Assert.NotEmpty(issues);
+        Assert.Contains(issues, i => i.Severity == FieldIssueSeverity.Error);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/EffectiveDnsmasqConfigTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ public class EffectiveDnsmasqConfigTests
         new(
             NoHosts: false,
             AddnHostsPaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
-            ServerLocalValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            HostsdirPath: null,
+            ServerValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            LocalValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            RevServerValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
             AddressValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
             Interfaces: Array.Empty<string>(),
             ListenAddresses: Array.Empty<string>(),
@@ -19,17 +22,110 @@ public class EffectiveDnsmasqConfigTests
             DhcpRanges: Array.Empty<string>(),
             DhcpHostLines: Array.Empty<string>(),
             DhcpOptionLines: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpMatchValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpBootValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpIgnoreValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpVendorclassValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpUserclassValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            RaParamValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            SlaacValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            PxeServiceValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            TrustAnchorValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
             ResolvFiles: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            RebindDomainOkValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            BogusNxdomainValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            IgnoreAddressValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AliasValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            FilterRrValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            CacheRrValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AuthServerValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            NoDhcpInterfaceValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            NoDhcpv4InterfaceValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            NoDhcpv6InterfaceValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DomainValues: Array.Empty<string>(), CnameValues: Array.Empty<string>(), MxHostValues: Array.Empty<string>(), SrvValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            PtrRecordValues: Array.Empty<string>(), TxtRecordValues: Array.Empty<string>(), NaptrRecordValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            HostRecordValues: Array.Empty<string>(), DynamicHostValues: Array.Empty<string>(), InterfaceNameValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpOptionForceLines: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            IpsetValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            NftsetValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpMacValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpNameMatchValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpIgnoreNamesValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpHostsfilePaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpOptsfilePaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpHostsdirPaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpOptsdirPaths: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            ConnmarkAllowlistValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            CaaRecordValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DnsRrValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            SynthDomainValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AuthZoneValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AuthSoaValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AuthSecServersValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            AuthPeerValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpRelayValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpCircuitidValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpRemoteidValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpSubscridValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpProxyValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            TagIfValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            BridgeInterfaceValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            SharedNetworkValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpOptionPxeValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
             ExpandHosts: false,
             BogusPriv: false,
             StrictOrder: false,
+            AllServers: false,
             NoResolv: false,
             DomainNeeded: false,
             NoPoll: false,
             BindInterfaces: false,
+            BindDynamic: false,
             NoNegcache: false,
+            DnsLoopDetect: false,
+            StopDnsRebind: false,
+            RebindLocalhostOk: false,
+            ClearOnReload: false,
+            Filterwin2k: false,
+            FilterA: false,
+            FilterAaaa: false,
+            LocaliseQueries: false,
+            LogDebug: false,
             DhcpAuthoritative: false,
             LeasefileRo: false,
+            EnableTftp: false,
+            TftpSecure: false,
+            TftpNoFail: false,
+            TftpNoBlocksize: false,
+            Dnssec: false,
+            DnssecCheckUnsigned: null,
+            ReadEthers: false,
+            DhcpRapidCommit: false,
+            Localmx: false,
+            Selfmx: false,
+            EnableRa: false,
+            LogDhcp: false,
+            KeepInForeground: false,
+            NoDaemon: false,
+            ProxyDnssec: false,
+            ConnmarkAllowlistEnable: null,
+            NoRoundRobin: false,
+            DnssecNoTimecheck: false,
+            DnssecDebug: false,
+            LeasequeryValues: Array.Empty<string>(),
+            DhcpGenerateNames: null,
+            DhcpBroadcast: null,
+            DhcpSequentialIp: false,
+            DhcpIgnoreClid: false,
+            BootpDynamic: null,
+            NoPing: false,
+            ScriptArp: false,
+            ScriptOnRenewal: false,
+            DhcpNoOverride: false,
+            QuietDhcp: false,
+            QuietDhcp6: false,
+            QuietRa: false,
+            QuietTftp: false,
             DhcpLeaseFilePath: null,
             CacheSize: null,
             Port: null,
@@ -38,12 +134,47 @@ public class EffectiveDnsmasqConfigTests
             User: null,
             Group: null,
             LogFacility: logFacility,
+            LogQueries: null,
+            AuthTtl: null,
+            EdnsPacketMax: null,
+            QueryPort: null,
+            PortLimit: null,
+            MinPort: null,
+            MaxPort: null,
+            LogAsync: null,
+            LocalService: null,
             DhcpLeaseMax: null,
             NegTtl: null,
             MaxTtl: null,
             MaxCacheTtl: null,
             MinCacheTtl: null,
-            DhcpTtl: null
+            DhcpTtl: null,
+            TftpRootPath: null,
+            PxePrompt: null,
+            EnableDbus: null,
+            EnableUbus: null,
+            FastDnsRetry: null,
+            DhcpScriptPath: null,
+            MxTarget: null,
+            DnsForwardMax: null,
+            DumpfilePath: null,
+            Dumpmask: null,
+            AddCpeId: null,
+            DnssecTimestamp: null,
+            DnssecLimits: null,
+            DhcpAlternatePort: null,
+            DhcpDuid: null,
+            DhcpLuascriptPath: null,
+            DhcpScriptuser: null,
+            DhcpPxeVendor: null,
+            UseStaleCache: null,
+            AddMac: null,
+            StripMac: false,
+            AddSubnet: null,
+            StripSubnet: false,
+            Umbrella: null,
+            Do0x20EncodeState: ExplicitToggleState.Default,
+            Conntrack: false
         );
 
     [Fact]
@@ -76,35 +207,41 @@ public class EffectiveDnsmasqConfigTests
     [Fact]
     public void GetLogsPath_AbsolutePath_ReturnsPath()
     {
-        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: "/data/dnsmasq.log");
-        Assert.Equal("/data/dnsmasq.log", EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
+        var path = "/data/dnsmasq.log";
+        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: path);
+        Assert.Equal(path, EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void GetLogsPath_AbsolutePathWithTrim_ReturnsPath()
     {
-        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: "  /var/log/dnsmasq.log  ");
-        Assert.Equal("/var/log/dnsmasq.log", EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
+        var path = "/var/log/dnsmasq.log";
+        var pathWithSpaces = $"  {path}  ";
+        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: pathWithSpaces);
+        Assert.Equal(path, EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void GetLogsPath_RelativePathWithSlash_ReturnsPath()
     {
-        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: "logs/dnsmasq.log");
-        Assert.Equal("logs/dnsmasq.log", EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
+        var path = "logs/dnsmasq.log";
+        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: path);
+        Assert.Equal(path, EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void GetLogsPath_SyslogFacilityName_ReturnsNull()
     {
-        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: "local0");
+        var facility = "local0";
+        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: facility);
         Assert.Null(EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void GetLogsPath_Stderr_ReturnsNull()
     {
-        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: "-");
+        var facility = "-";
+        var config = CreateConfig(logFacility: facility);
         Assert.Null(EffectiveDnsmasqConfig.GetLogsPath(config));
     }
 }

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/HostsFileLineParserTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Hosts;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Parsers;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Parsers;
 
 namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_WhitespaceOnly_ReturnsPassthrough()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("   \t  ", 2);
+        var raw = "   \t  ";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(raw, 2);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsPassthrough);
     }
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_CommentOnly_TreatsWholeLineAsComment()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("# This is a comment", 1);
+        var commentLine = "# This is a comment";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(commentLine, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsComment);
         Assert.True(e.IsPassthrough);
@@ -42,7 +44,10 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     public void ParseLine_CommentWithDataLikeContent_DoesNotParseAsAddress()
     {
         // Per hosts(5): text from # to EOL is comment - so "# 127.0.0.1 localhost" is entirely comment
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("# 127.0.0.1 localhost", 1);
+        string address = "127.0.0.1";
+        string name = "localhost";
+        var line = $"# {address} {name}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsComment);
         Assert.Equal("", e.Address);
@@ -52,75 +57,99 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_IPv4Localhost_ParsesAddressAndName()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("127.0.0.1 localhost", 1);
+        string address = "127.0.0.1";
+        string name = "localhost";
+        var line = $"{address} {name}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.False(e!.IsPassthrough);
-        Assert.Equal("127.0.0.1", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.Single(e.Names);
-        Assert.Equal("localhost", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_IPv4WithCanonicalAndAlias_ParsesAll()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("127.0.1.1 thishost.example.org thishost", 1);
+        string address = "127.0.1.1";
+        string canonical = "thishost.example.org";
+        string alias = "thishost";
+        var line = $"{address} {canonical} {alias}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("127.0.1.1", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.True(e.Names.Count >= 1);
-        Assert.Equal("thishost.example.org", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(canonical, e.Names[0]);
         if (e.Names.Count >= 2)
-            Assert.Equal("thishost", e.Names[1]);
+            Assert.Equal(alias, e.Names[1]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_IPv4WithMultipleSpaces_ParsesCorrectly()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("192.168.1.10    foo.example.org   foo", 1);
+        string address = "192.168.1.10";
+        string name1 = "foo.example.org";
+        string name2 = "foo";
+        var line = $"{address}    {name1}   {name2}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.10", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.True(e.Names.Count >= 1);
-        Assert.Equal("foo.example.org", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name1, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_IPv6_ParsesAddressAndNames()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback", 1);
+        string address = "::1";
+        string name1 = "localhost";
+        var line = $"{address} {name1} ip6-localhost ip6-loopback";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("::1", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.True(e.Names.Count >= 1);
-        Assert.Equal("localhost", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name1, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_IPv6Multicast_Parses()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("ff02::1 ip6-allnodes", 1);
+        string address = "ff02::1";
+        string name = "ip6-allnodes";
+        var line = $"{address} {name}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("ff02::1", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.Single(e.Names);
-        Assert.Equal("ip6-allnodes", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_InlineComment_StopsAtHash()
     {
         // Token stops at #; only address and names before # are parsed
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("127.0.0.1 localhost # loopback", 1);
+        string address = "127.0.0.1";
+        string name = "localhost";
+        string comment = "loopback";
+        var line = $"{address} {name} # {comment}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("127.0.0.1", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.Single(e.Names);
-        Assert.Equal("localhost", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ParseLine_LeadingWhitespace_TrimmedAndParsed()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("  192.168.1.13 bar", 1);
+        string address = "192.168.1.13";
+        string name = "bar";
+        var line = $"  {address} {name}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
-        Assert.Equal("192.168.1.13", e.Address);
+        Assert.Equal(address, e.Address);
         Assert.Single(e.Names);
-        Assert.Equal("bar", e.Names[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(name, e.Names[0]);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -136,7 +165,8 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     public void ParseLine_OnlyAddressNoNames_FailsContent_Passthrough()
     {
         // Content requires address + whitespace + at least one name
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("192.168.1.1", 1);
+        string address = "192.168.1.1";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(address, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         Assert.True(e!.IsPassthrough);
     }
@@ -144,7 +174,9 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Entry_Roundtrips()
     {
-        var line = "127.0.0.1 localhost";
+        string address = "127.0.0.1";
+        string name = "localhost";
+        var line = $"{address} {name}";
         var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(line, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         var back = HostsFileLineParser.ToLine(e!);
@@ -154,19 +186,23 @@ public class HostsFileLineParserTests
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_CommentedEntry_PrefixPreserved()
     {
-        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine("# 127.0.0.1 localhost", 1);
+        string address = "127.0.0.1";
+        string name = "localhost";
+        var commentLine = $"# {address} {name}";
+        var e = HostsFileLineParser.ParseLine(commentLine, 1);
         Assert.NotNull(e);
         // When we parse "# ..." we get isComment=true, address="", names=[]. ToLine for passthrough returns RawLine.
-        e = new HostEntry { LineNumber = 1, Address = "127.0.0.1", Names = ["localhost"], IsComment = true };
+        e = new HostEntry { LineNumber = 1, Address = address, Names = [name], IsComment = true };
         var back = HostsFileLineParser.ToLine(e);
-        Assert.Equal("# 127.0.0.1 localhost", back);
+        Assert.Equal(commentLine, back);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void ToLine_Passthrough_ReturnsRawLine()
     {
-        var e = new HostEntry { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = "  \t  ", IsPassthrough = true };
-        Assert.Equal("  \t  ", HostsFileLineParser.ToLine(e));
+        var raw = "  \t  ";
+        var e = new HostEntry { LineNumber = 1, RawLine = raw, IsPassthrough = true };
+        Assert.Equal(raw, HostsFileLineParser.ToLine(e));
     }
 
     [Fact]

src/DnsmasqWebUI.Tests/OptionSemanticValidatorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Validation;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests for the central semantic validator (handler dispatch and generic kind validation).
+/// </summary>
+public class OptionSemanticValidatorTests
+{
+    private readonly IOptionSemanticValidator _validator = new OptionSemanticValidator([
+        new LeasequerySemanticHandler(),
+        new ServerSemanticHandler(),
+        new LocalSemanticHandler(),
+        new RevServerSemanticHandler(),
+        new AddressSemanticHandler(),
+        new TrustAnchorSemanticHandler(),
+        new AliasSemanticHandler(),
+        new IpsetSemanticHandler(),
+        new NftsetSemanticHandler(),
+        new IgnoreAddressSemanticHandler(),
+        new ConnmarkAllowlistSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpRangeSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpHostSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpOptionSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpMatchSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpMacSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpRelaySemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpProxySemanticHandler(),
+        new RaParamSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpNameMatchSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpIgnoreSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpVendorclassSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpUserclassSemanticHandler(),
+        new TagIfSemanticHandler(),
+        new BridgeInterfaceSemanticHandler(),
+        new SharedNetworkSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpOptionPxeSemanticHandler(),
+        new RebindDomainOkSemanticHandler(),
+        new BogusNxdomainSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpIgnoreNamesSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpBootSemanticHandler(),
+        new SlaacSemanticHandler(),
+        new PxeServiceSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpCircuitidSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpRemoteidSemanticHandler(),
+        new DhcpSubscridSemanticHandler(),
+        new FilterRrSemanticHandler(),
+        new CacheRrSemanticHandler(),
+        new InterfaceNameSemanticHandler(),
+        new AuthServerSemanticHandler(),
+        new CnameSemanticHandler(),
+        new MxHostSemanticHandler(),
+        new PtrRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new InterfaceNameRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new CaaRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new SrvHostSemanticHandler(),
+        new NaptrRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new DnsRrSemanticHandler(),
+        new DynamicHostSemanticHandler(),
+        new AuthSoaSemanticHandler(),
+        new AuthSecServersSemanticHandler(),
+        new AuthPeerSemanticHandler(),
+        new HostRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new TxtRecordSemanticHandler(),
+        new DomainSemanticHandler(),
+        new SynthDomainSemanticHandler(),
+        new AuthZoneSemanticHandler(),
+    ]);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_LeasequeryHandler_InvalidIp_ReturnsError()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery, "not-an-ip", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery, "10.0.0.0/24", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Leasequery, "", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.4", true)]
+    [InlineData("::1", true)]
+    [InlineData("", true)]
+    [InlineData("x.y.z", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_IpAddressKind_AcceptsValid_RejectsInvalid(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.IpAddress, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem("option", value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("", true, true)]
+    [InlineData("x", true, true)]
+    [InlineData("", false, false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_StringKind_RespectsAllowEmpty(string value, bool allowEmpty, bool expectValid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.String, allowEmpty: allowEmpty);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem("option", value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(expectValid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("8.8.8.8", true)]
+    [InlineData("dns.example.com", true)]
+    [InlineData("/internal.lan/192.168.2.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("/google.com/#", true)]
+    [InlineData("//", true)]
+    [InlineData("", false)]
+    [InlineData("http://bad", false)]
+    [InlineData("/internal$lan/192.168.2.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("/google.com/192.168.2.1#70000", false)]
+    [InlineData("/google.com/@eth0", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Server_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Server, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("::1", true)]
+    [InlineData("", false)]
+    [InlineData("dns.example.com", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_ListenAddress_UsesIpAddressSemantics(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.IpAddress, allowEmpty: false);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.ListenAddress, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.0/24,192.168.1.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("2001:db8::/64,2001:4860:4860::8888", true)]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.0/33,192.168.1.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip/24,192.168.1.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.0/x,192.168.1.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.0/24,", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_RevServer_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.RevServer, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/192.168.1.10", true)]
+    [InlineData("/#/1.2.3.4", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/#", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/", true)]
+    [InlineData("example.local/192.168.1.10", false)]
+    [InlineData("//192.168.1.10", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/not-an-ip", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Address_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Address, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/", true)]
+    [InlineData("//", true)]
+    [InlineData("/*.example.local/", true)]
+    [InlineData("/internal$lan/", false)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/192.168.1.1", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Local_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Local, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(".,20326,8,2,abcdef", true)]
+    [InlineData("example.com", true)]
+    [InlineData("example.com,IN", true)]
+    [InlineData("example.com,IN,20326,8,2,abcdef", true)]
+    [InlineData("", false)]
+    [InlineData("example.com,BOGUS", false)]
+    [InlineData("example.com,IN,tag,8,2,abcdef", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_TrustAnchor_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TrustAnchor, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("1.2.3.0,6.7.8.0,255.255.255.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.0.10-192.168.0.40,10.0.0.0,255.255.255.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.0.10-,10.0.0.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip,10.0.0.1", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Alias_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Alias, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/ipset1", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/example.org/ipset1,ipset2", true)]
+    [InlineData("/internal$lan/ipset1", false)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Ipset_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Ipset, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/inet#filter#set1", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/4#inet#filter#set1", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/6#inet#filter#set1", true)]
+    [InlineData("/example.local/not#enough", false)]
+    [InlineData("/internal$lan/inet#filter#set1", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Nftset_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Nftset, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("64.94.110.11", true)]
+    [InlineData("10.0.0.0/24", true)]
+    [InlineData("2001:db8::/64", true)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_IgnoreAddress_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.IgnoreAddress, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("example.com", true)]
+    [InlineData("/domain1/domain2/", true)]
+    [InlineData("/domain1//", false)]
+    [InlineData("internal$lan", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_RebindDomainOk_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.RebindDomainOk, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("64.94.110.11", true)]
+    [InlineData("64.94.110.11/24", true)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_BogusNxdomain_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.BogusNxdomain, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("0xff,example.com", true)]
+    [InlineData("0xff/0xff,*", true)]
+    [InlineData("0xff,*.example.com/api.example.com", true)]
+    [InlineData("not-a-mark,example.com", false)]
+    [InlineData("0xff,local", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_ConnmarkAllowlist_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.ConnmarkAllowlist, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:guest,set:known,192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h", true)]
+    [InlineData("constructor:eth0,::,static", true)]
+    [InlineData("172.28.0.10,", false)]
+    [InlineData("172.28.0.10", false)]
+    [InlineData("tag:guest,", false)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip,192.168.1.150", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpRange_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRange, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("00:20:e0:3b:13:af,wap,infinite", true)]
+    [InlineData("lap,192.168.0.199", true)]
+    [InlineData("id:clientid,set:known,192.168.1.10,host1,12h", true)]
+    [InlineData("ignore", false)]
+    [InlineData("00:20:e0:3b:13:af,,host1", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpHost_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHost, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("3,192.168.4.4", true)]
+    [InlineData("option:router,192.168.4.4", true)]
+    [InlineData("vendor:PXEClient,1,0.0.0.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("encap:175,190,iscsi-client0", true)]
+    [InlineData("option:", false)]
+    [InlineData("vendor:,", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpOption_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOption, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:efi-ia32,option:client-arch,6", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:known,93", true)]
+    [InlineData("option:client-arch,6", false)]
+    [InlineData("set:,option:client-arch,6", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpMatch_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpMatch, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:3com,01:34:23:*:*:*", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:vendor,aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", true)]
+    [InlineData("01:34:23:*:*:*", false)]
+    [InlineData("set:,01:34:23:*:*:*", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpMac_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpMac, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:tag,hostname*", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:tag,hostname", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:tag,*host*", false)]
+    [InlineData("hostname*", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpNameMatch_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpNameMatch, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:guest", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:guest,tag:lab", true)]
+    [InlineData("guest", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpIgnoreNames_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnoreNames, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("tag:blocked", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:blocked,tag:!known", true)]
+    [InlineData("blocked", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpIgnore_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpIgnore, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:printers,Hewlett-Packard JetDirect", true)]
+    [InlineData("printers,enterprise:32473,VendorClass", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:printers,enterprise:notnum,VendorClass", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpVendorclass_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpVendorclass, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:userclass,ExampleClient", true)]
+    [InlineData("userclass,ExampleClient", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:,ExampleClient", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpUserclass_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpUserclass, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("set:ppp,tag:ppp*", true)]
+    [InlineData("set:guest,tag:!known", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:known", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_TagIf_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TagIf, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1,192.168.2.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1,192.168.2.1#1067,eth1", true)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1,eth1", true)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip,192.168.2.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1,server.example.com", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpRelay_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRelay, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2", true)]
+    [InlineData("not-an-ip", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpProxy_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpProxy, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("br0,eth0", true)]
+    [InlineData("br0,tap*", true)]
+    [InlineData("br0", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_BridgeInterface_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.BridgeInterface, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("pxelinux.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:pxe,pxelinux.0,,192.168.1.2", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:,pxelinux.0", false)]
+    [InlineData("", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpBoot_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpBoot, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("sharednet,192.168.10.0,255.255.255.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("eth0,192.168.10.1", true)]
+    [InlineData("sharednet", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_SharedNetwork_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.SharedNetwork, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("eth0,::10", true)]
+    [InlineData("slaac", true)]
+    [InlineData("ra-names,eth0", true)]
+    [InlineData("bad value", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Slaac_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Slaac, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("eth0,60", true)]
+    [InlineData("eth0,mtu:1280,low,60,1200", true)]
+    [InlineData("eth0,high", true)]
+    [InlineData("eth*,60", true)]
+    [InlineData("eth*0,60", false)]
+    [InlineData("*eth0,60", false)]
+    [InlineData(",60", false)]
+    [InlineData("eth0,mtu:", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_RaParam_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.RaParam, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("x86PC,\"PXE Boot\",pxelinux", true)]
+    [InlineData("tag:pxe,x86PC,\"PXE Boot\",pxelinux,192.168.1.2", true)]
+    [InlineData("x86PC", false)]
+    [InlineData("bad-csa,\"PXE Boot\",pxelinux", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PxeService_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.PxeService, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("vendor:PXEClient,1,0.0.0.0", true)]
+    [InlineData("encap:175,190,iscsi-client0", true)]
+    [InlineData("option:router,192.168.1.1", false)]
+    [InlineData("vendor:,1,0.0.0.0", false)]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpOptionPxe_UsesHandler(string value, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpOptionPxe, value, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateSingle_UseStaleCache_UsesEngineRule()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.UseStaleCache, "", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.UseStaleCache, "0", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.UseStaleCache, "x", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateSingle_AddMac_UsesEngineRule()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.AddMac, "", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.AddMac, "base64", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.AddMac, "bogus", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("")]
+    [InlineData("24,96")]
+    [InlineData("0/0")]
+    public void ValidateSingle_AddSubnet_RemainsIntentionallyPermissive(string input)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.AddSubnet, input, semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("")]
+    [InlineData("org-id,asset-id")]
+    [InlineData("device-123")]
+    public void ValidateSingle_Umbrella_RemainsIntentionallyPermissive(string input)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.Umbrella, input, semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("", true)]
+    [InlineData("0xff", true)]
+    [InlineData("255", true)]
+    [InlineData("0xZZ", false)]
+    [InlineData("-1", false)]
+    public void ValidateSingle_ConnmarkAllowlistEnable_UsesEngineRule(string input, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.ConnmarkAllowlistEnable, input, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("", true)]
+    [InlineData("no", true)]
+    [InlineData("yes", false)]
+    public void ValidateSingle_DnssecCheckUnsigned_UsesEngineRule(string input, bool valid)
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.KeyOnlyOrValue, allowEmpty: true);
+        var err = _validator.ValidateSingle(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnssecCheckUnsigned, input, semantics);
+        Assert.Equal(valid, err is null);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateSingle_IntKind_AcceptsIntOrNumericString()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Int);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle("option", 42, semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateSingle("option", "99", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateSingle("option", "abc", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OptionValidationSemantics_PathPolicy_OnNonPathKind_Throws()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() =>
+            new OptionValidationSemantics(
+                OptionValidationKind.Int,
+                pathPolicy: PathExistencePolicy.MustExist));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PathFile_RejectsDirectoryPath()
+    {
+        var validator = _validator;
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(
+            OptionValidationKind.PathFile,
+            allowEmpty: true,
+            pathPolicy: PathExistencePolicy.MustExist);
+
+        var dir = Directory.CreateTempSubdirectory("dnsmasq-webui-pathfile-");
+        try
+        {
+            var err = validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsfile, dir.FullName, semantics);
+            Assert.Equal("File does not exist.", err);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            dir.Delete(recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PathDirectory_RejectsFilePath()
+    {
+        var validator = _validator;
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(
+            OptionValidationKind.PathDirectory,
+            allowEmpty: true,
+            pathPolicy: PathExistencePolicy.MustExist);
+
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"dnsmasq-webui-pathdir-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.txt");
+        File.WriteAllText(filePath, "test");
+        try
+        {
+            var err = validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsdir, filePath, semantics);
+            Assert.Equal("Directory does not exist.", err);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            File.Delete(filePath);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PathFile_AcceptsExistingFile()
+    {
+        var validator = _validator;
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(
+            OptionValidationKind.PathFile,
+            allowEmpty: true,
+            pathPolicy: PathExistencePolicy.MustExist);
+
+        var filePath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), $"dnsmasq-webui-pathfile-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.txt");
+        File.WriteAllText(filePath, "test");
+        try
+        {
+            var err = validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsfile, filePath, semantics);
+            Assert.Null(err);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            File.Delete(filePath);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PathDirectory_AcceptsExistingDirectory()
+    {
+        var validator = _validator;
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(
+            OptionValidationKind.PathDirectory,
+            allowEmpty: true,
+            pathPolicy: PathExistencePolicy.MustExist);
+
+        var dir = Directory.CreateTempSubdirectory("dnsmasq-webui-pathdir-");
+        try
+        {
+            var err = validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpHostsdir, dir.FullName, semantics);
+            Assert.Null(err);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            dir.Delete(recursive: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpCircuitid_RequiresSetTagValue()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpCircuitid, "set:uplink,aa:bb:cc", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpCircuitid, "set:mytag,simple-string", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpCircuitid, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpCircuitid, "tag:uplink,id", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpCircuitid, "set:only", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpRemoteid_RequiresSetTagValue()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRemoteid, "set:uplink,remote-id", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpRemoteid, "set:tag,", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DhcpSubscrid_RequiresSetTagValue()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpSubscrid, "set:sub,subscriber-id", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DhcpSubscrid, "bad", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_FilterRr_AcceptsRrTypes()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "A", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "A,AAAA,TXT,MX", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "ANY", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "255", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.FilterRr, "A,,B", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_CacheRr_AcceptsRrTypes()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheRr, "TXT", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheRr, "A,AAAA,CNAME,SRV", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheRr, "ANY", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CacheRr, "", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_InterfaceNameOptions_AcceptInterfaceNameWithOptionalTrailingWildcard()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        foreach (var key in new[] { DnsmasqConfKeys.Interface, DnsmasqConfKeys.ExceptInterface, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpInterface, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpv4Interface, DnsmasqConfKeys.NoDhcpv6Interface })
+        {
+            Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(key, "eth0", semantics));
+            Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(key, "eth0*", semantics));
+            Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(key, "br-lan", semantics));
+            Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(key, "", semantics));
+            Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(key, "eth*0", semantics));
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_AuthServer_RequiresDomain_AcceptsInterfaceOrIp()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "example.com,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "example.com,192.168.1.1,eth1/4", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "ns.example.com,::1,eth0/6", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, ",eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthServer, "example.com,invalid@", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Cname_RequiresCnameAndTarget_AcceptsOptionalTtl()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "router.example.local,router", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "cname1,cname2,target", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "alias,host.example.com,60", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "only", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Cname, "bad..name,target", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_MxHost_AcceptsMxNameWithOptionalHostnameAndPreference()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "example.local", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "example.local,mail.example.local,10", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "mx.local,5", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "bad..name", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.MxHost, "mx.local,mail,99999", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_PtrRecord_NameAndOptionalTarget()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.PtrRecord, "1.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa,host.example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.PtrRecord, "name.only", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.PtrRecord, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.PtrRecord, "bad..name,target", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_InterfaceNameRecord_NameAndInterface()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.InterfaceName, "router.example.local,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.InterfaceName, "host.local,eth1/4", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.InterfaceName, "name", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.InterfaceName, "name,", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_CaaRecord_FourParts()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CaaRecord, "example.com,0,issue,letsencrypt.org", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CaaRecord, "a,b", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CaaRecord, "x,y,z,w", semantics)); // 4 but invalid name possible - "x" is valid DNS name
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.CaaRecord, "x,256,tag,val", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_SrvHost_ServiceNameAndOptionalTargetPortPriorityWeight()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Srv, "_sip._udp.example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Srv, "_sip._udp,sip.example.com,5060,0,0", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Srv, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Srv, "_sip._udp,host,70000", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_NaptrRecord_SixOrSevenParts()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.NaptrRecord, "name.example.com,0,0,s,a,x,replacement", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.NaptrRecord, "n.zone,1,10,flags,svc,regex", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.NaptrRecord, "a,b,c", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.NaptrRecord, "bad..name,0,0,f,s,r", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DnsRr_NameAndRrNumber_OptionalHex()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnsRr, "example.com,255", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnsRr, "name.example,1,01:02:03", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnsRr, "x", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DnsRr, "x,99999", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_DynamicHost_FourFields_NameAndInterface()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost, "example.com,0.0.0.8,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost, "example.com,,,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost, "host.local,0.0.0.8,,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost, "x,y", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.DynamicHost, "x,1.2.3.4,::1,bad if", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_AuthSoa_SerialAndOptionalFields()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSoa, "1", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSoa, "1,hostmaster.example.com,3600,600,86400", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSoa, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSoa, "x", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_AuthSecServers_OneOrMoreDomains()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSecServers, "ns1.example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSecServers, "a.com,b.com", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSecServers, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthSecServers, "bad..name", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_AuthPeer_OneOrMoreIps()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthPeer, "192.168.1.1", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthPeer, "::1,10.0.0.1", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthPeer, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthPeer, "not-an-ip", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_HostRecord_AtLeastOneName_OptionalIpv4Ipv6Ttl()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.HostRecord, "laptop,192.168.0.1", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.HostRecord, "host.example.com,192.168.0.1,::1,60", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.HostRecord, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.HostRecord, "bad..name,1.2.3.4", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_TxtRecord_NameRequired()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TxtRecord, "example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TxtRecord, "name.example.com,some text", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TxtRecord, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.TxtRecord, "bad..name,text", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_Domain_DomainOrHash_OptionalRangeOrInterface()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "thekelleys.org.uk", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "#", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "lan,192.168.0.0/24,local", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "local.zone,eth0", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.Domain, "bad..name", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_SynthDomain_DomainAndRange_OptionalPrefix()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.SynthDomain, "zone.example.com,192.168.0.50,192.168.0.70", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.SynthDomain, "zone,192.168.0.0/24,internal-*", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.SynthDomain, "only", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.SynthDomain, "bad..name,1.2.3.4", semantics));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValidateMultiItem_AuthZone_DomainRequired_OptionalSubnets()
+    {
+        var semantics = new OptionValidationSemantics(OptionValidationKind.Complex);
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthZone, "example.com", semantics));
+        Assert.Null(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthZone, "zone,192.168.0.0/24", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthZone, "", semantics));
+        Assert.NotNull(_validator.ValidateMultiItem(DnsmasqConfKeys.AuthZone, "bad..name", semantics));
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Http/Abstractions/IConfigSetClient.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-
-/// <summary>Typed client for GET api/config/set.</summary>
-public interface IConfigSetClient
-{
-    Task<DnsmasqConfigSet> GetConfigSetAsync(CancellationToken ct = default);
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Http/Abstractions/IHostsClient.cs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Hosts;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-
-/// <summary>Typed client for GET/PUT api/hosts.</summary>
-public interface IHostsClient
-{
-    Task<IReadOnlyList<HostEntry>> GetHostsAsync(CancellationToken ct = default);
-    Task<IReadOnlyList<ReadOnlyHostsFile>> GetReadOnlyHostsAsync(CancellationToken ct = default);
-    Task<SaveWithReloadResult> SaveHostsAsync(IReadOnlyList<HostEntry> entries, CancellationToken ct = default);
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Http/Abstractions/IReloadClient.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Services.Abstractions;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-
-/// <summary>Typed client for POST api/reload.</summary>
-public interface IReloadClient
-{
-    Task<ReloadResult> ReloadAsync(CancellationToken ct = default);
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Http/Abstractions/IStatusClient.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-
-/// <summary>Typed client for GET api/status.</summary>
-public interface IStatusClient
-{
-    Task<DnsmasqServiceStatus> GetStatusAsync(CancellationToken ct = default);
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Http/StatusClient.cs

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-using System.Text.Json;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status;
-using System.Net.Http.Json;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http;
-
-public sealed class StatusClient : IStatusClient
-{
-    private readonly HttpClient _http;
-
-    /// <summary>Matches API serialization (camelCase) so nested EffectiveConfigSources and tuple (value, source) deserialize correctly.</summary>
-    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
-    {
-        PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
-        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true
-    };
-
-    public StatusClient(HttpClient http) => _http = http;
-
-    public async Task<DnsmasqServiceStatus> GetStatusAsync(CancellationToken ct = default) =>
-        await _http.GetFromJsonAsync<DnsmasqServiceStatus>("api/status", JsonOptions, ct)
-            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected null from api/status.");
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Models/ClientSettings.cs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Models;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Client-side preferences persisted in browser local storage.
-/// </summary>
-public class ClientSettings
-{
-    /// <summary>Polling interval for the service status block (seconds).</summary>
-    public int ServiceStatusPollingIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
-
-    /// <summary>Polling interval for the recent logs block (seconds).</summary>
-    public int RecentLogsPollingIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 5;
-
-    /// <summary>Polling interval for the DHCP leases list (seconds).</summary>
-    public int LeasesPollingIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 5;
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Models/SettingsModalContext.cs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Models;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Which subset of client settings to show in the settings modal.
-/// </summary>
-public enum SettingsModalContext
-{
-    /// <summary>Show all settings with optional search.</summary>
-    All,
-
-    /// <summary>Show only service status polling interval.</summary>
-    ServicePolling,
-
-    /// <summary>Show only recent logs polling interval.</summary>
-    LogsPolling,
-
-    /// <summary>Show only DHCP leases refresh interval.</summary>
-    LeasesPolling
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Client/Services/ClientSettingsService.cs

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-using System.Text.Json;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Models;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Services.Abstractions;
-using Microsoft.JSInterop;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Services;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Loads and saves client-side settings to browser local storage via JS interop.
-/// Scoped per Blazor circuit; disposes the JS module when the scope is disposed.
-/// </summary>
-public sealed class ClientSettingsService : IClientSettingsService, IAsyncDisposable
-{
-    private readonly IJSRuntime _jsRuntime;
-    private IJSObjectReference? _module;
-    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
-    {
-        PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
-        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
-        WriteIndented = false
-    };
-
-    public ClientSettingsService(IJSRuntime jsRuntime) => _jsRuntime = jsRuntime;
-
-    private async Task<IJSObjectReference> GetModuleAsync()
-    {
-        if (_module != null) return _module;
-        _module = await _jsRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
-            "import", "./js/client-settings-storage.js");
-        return _module;
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc />
-    public async Task<ClientSettings> LoadSettingsAsync()
-    {
-        var module = await GetModuleAsync();
-        var json = await module.InvokeAsync<string?>("getItem");
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(json)) return new ClientSettings();
-        try
-        {
-            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ClientSettings>(json, JsonOptions) ?? new ClientSettings();
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            return new ClientSettings();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc />
-    public async Task SaveSettingsAsync(ClientSettings settings)
-    {
-        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(settings, JsonOptions);
-        var module = await GetModuleAsync();
-        await module.InvokeVoidAsync("setItem", json);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Disposes the JS module reference. Called when the Blazor circuit scope is disposed.
-    /// </summary>
-    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
-    {
-        if (_module == null) return;
-        try
-        {
-            await _module.DisposeAsync();
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            _module = null;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/App.razor

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+@using System.Reflection
 @inject IOptions<ApplicationOptions> AppOptions
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
@@ -6,26 +7,29 @@
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
     <base href="/" />
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap-icons/bootstrap-icons.min.css" />
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="app.css" />
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="DnsmasqWebUI.styles.css" />
-    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="favicon-16.png" />
-    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="favicon-32.png" />
-    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="favicon-48.png" />
-    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="favicon-192.png" />
-    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="512x512" href="favicon-512.png" />
-    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="apple-touch-icon.png" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap-icons/bootstrap-icons.min.css?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="app.css?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="DnsmasqWebUI.styles.css?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="favicon-16.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="favicon-32.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="favicon-48.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="favicon-192.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="512x512" href="favicon-512.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="apple-touch-icon.png?v=@_cacheBust" />
     <title>@_appTitle</title>
     <HeadOutlet />
 </head>
 
 <body>
-    <Routes />
+    <Routes @rendermode="InteractiveServer" />
+    <script src="js/copy-to-clipboard.js"></script>
     <script src="_framework/blazor.web.js"></script>
 </body>
 
 </html>
 @code {
+    private static readonly string _cacheBust = typeof(App).Assembly
+        .GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>()?.InformationalVersion ?? "0";
     private string? _appTitle => AppOptions?.Value?.EffectiveTitle;
 }

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsFiltersModal.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.AppLogs
+@inject ILoggingClient LoggingClient
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+@implements IAsyncDisposable
+
+@if (IsVisible)
+{
+    <dialog @ref="_dialogRef" class="settings-modal-dialog">
+        <div class="modal-content">
+            <div class="modal-header">
+                <h5 class="modal-title">App logs filters</h5>
+                <button type="button" class="btn-close" @onclick="Close" aria-label="Close"></button>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-body">
+                <p class="text-muted small mb-2">Logger categories matching these prefixes are excluded from the app logs display.</p>
+                <div class="input-group input-group-sm mb-2">
+                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="e.g. Microsoft.AspNetCore."
+                           @bind="_newPrefix" @bind:event="oninput" @onkeydown="OnNewPrefixKeydown" />
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary" @onclick="AddPrefix" disabled="@string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_newPrefix)"><i class="bi bi-plus me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Add</button>
+                </div>
+                <ul class="list-group list-group-flush" style="max-height: 12rem; overflow-y: auto;">
+                    @foreach (var prefix in _prefixes)
+                    {
+                        <li class="list-group-item d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between py-1 px-2">
+                            <code class="small text-break">@prefix</code>
+                            <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-danger" aria-label="Remove" @onclick="() => RemovePrefix(prefix)">
+                                <i class="bi bi-x-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+                            </button>
+                        </li>
+                    }
+                    @if (_prefixes.Count == 0)
+                    {
+                        <li class="list-group-item text-muted small py-2">No filters. All categories are shown.</li>
+                    }
+                </ul>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-footer d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center">
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" @onclick="RestoreDefaults" disabled="@_saving"><i class="bi bi-arrow-counterclockwise me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Restore defaults</button>
+                <div>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" @onclick="Close"><i class="bi bi-x me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Cancel</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" @onclick="Save" disabled="@_saving">@if (_saving) { <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm me-1" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span> } else { <i class="bi bi-floppy-fill me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i> }@(_saving ? "Saving…" : "Save")</button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </dialog>
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsFiltersModal.razor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Extensions.Interop;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Client.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
+using Microsoft.JSInterop;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.AppLogs;
+
+public partial class AppLogsFiltersModal : IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    private ElementReference _dialogRef;
+    private IJSObjectReference? _jsModule;
+    private DotNetObjectReference<AppLogsFiltersModal>? _dotNetRef;
+    private List<string> _prefixes = [];
+    private List<string> _originalPrefixes = [];
+    private string _newPrefix = string.Empty;
+    private bool _saving;
+    private bool _moduleLoaded;
+    private bool _dialogInitialized;
+    private bool _wasVisible;
+    private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new();
+
+    [Parameter] public bool IsVisible { get; set; }
+
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnClose { get; set; }
+
+    [JSInvokable]
+    public async Task OnDialogClosed(string returnValue)
+    {
+        await OnClose.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnParametersSetAsync()
+    {
+        var justOpened = IsVisible && !_wasVisible;
+        _wasVisible = IsVisible;
+        if (justOpened)
+        {
+            _dialogInitialized = false;
+            try
+            {
+                var filters = await LoggingClient.GetFiltersAsync(_cts.Token);
+                _prefixes = filters.ToList();
+                _originalPrefixes = filters.ToList();
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+            catch { /* leave current */ }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
+    {
+        if (firstRender)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _jsModule = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./js/dialog.js");
+                _dotNetRef = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
+                _moduleLoaded = true;
+            }
+            catch (InvalidOperationException) { }
+            catch (JSDisconnectedException) { }
+            catch (JSException) { }
+        }
+
+        if (IsVisible && _moduleLoaded && _jsModule != null)
+        {
+            if (!_dialogInitialized)
+            {
+                await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("initDialog", _dialogRef, _dotNetRef);
+                _dialogInitialized = true;
+            }
+            await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("showModal", _dialogRef);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task Close()
+    {
+        if (_jsModule != null)
+            await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("closeModal", _dialogRef);
+        await OnClose.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    private void AddPrefix()
+    {
+        var p = _newPrefix?.Trim();
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(p) || _prefixes.Contains(p, StringComparer.Ordinal)) return;
+        _prefixes.Add(p);
+        _newPrefix = string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    private void RemovePrefix(string prefix)
+    {
+        _prefixes.Remove(prefix);
+    }
+
+    private void OnNewPrefixKeydown(KeyboardEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (e.Key == "Enter")
+        {
+            AddPrefix();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task Save()
+    {
+        _saving = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
+        try
+        {
+            await LoggingClient.SetFiltersAsync(_prefixes, _cts.Token);
+            _originalPrefixes = [.. _prefixes];
+            await Close();
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch { /* leave modal open */ }
+        finally
+        {
+            _saving = false;
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task RestoreDefaults()
+    {
+        _saving = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
+        try
+        {
+            var defaults = await LoggingClient.RestoreFilterDefaultsAsync(_cts.Token);
+            _prefixes = defaults.ToList();
+            _originalPrefixes = [.. _prefixes];
+            await Close();
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch { /* leave modal open */ }
+        finally
+        {
+            _saving = false;
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        _cts.Cancel();
+        _cts.Dispose();
+        _dotNetRef?.Dispose();
+        await _jsModule.DisposeAsyncSafe();
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsFiltersModal.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/* App logs filters modal – scoped styles; root is the dialog */
+.settings-modal-dialog {
+    border: none;
+    border-radius: 0.5rem;
+    padding: 0;
+    box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 2rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+}
+
+.settings-modal-dialog::backdrop {
+    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
+}
+
+.modal-content {
+    max-width: 28rem;
+    margin: auto;
+}
+
+.modal-header {
+    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+}
+
+.modal-title {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+.modal-body {
+    padding: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+.modal-footer {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    justify-content: flex-end;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.75rem;
+    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
+    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+}
+
+.modal-footer .btn {
+    min-width: 4.5rem;
+    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+    border-radius: 0.375rem;
+    font-weight: 500;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsSection.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.AppLogs
+@* App logs — live view via SignalR from ILogger *@
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Logs
+@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client
+@inject NavigationManager Navigation
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+@inject ILogger<AppLogsSection> Logger
+@implements IAsyncDisposable
+
+<p class="mb-1 mt-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between flex-wrap gap-1">
+    <span class="d-flex align-items-center gap-1 flex-wrap">
+        <strong>App logs</strong>
+        <span class="status-dot d-inline-block rounded-circle flex-shrink-0 bg-success @(_justUpdated ? "status-dot-updating" : null)" style="width: 0.5rem; height: 0.5rem;" title="@(_justUpdated ? "Updating…" : "Live")" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+    </span>
+    <span class="d-flex align-items-center gap-1 flex-wrap">
+        <select class="form-select form-select-sm" style="width: auto;" aria-label="Log level" @bind="_logLevel" @bind:after="OnLogLevelChanged" disabled="@_logLevelDisabled">
+            <option value="Trace">Trace</option>
+            <option value="Debug">Debug</option>
+            <option value="Information">Information</option>
+            <option value="Warning">Warning</option>
+            <option value="Error">Error</option>
+            <option value="Critical">Critical</option>
+        </select>
+        <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-body" aria-label="App logs category filters" @onclick="OpenFiltersModal" title="Configure category filters">
+            <i class="bi bi-funnel-fill bi-gear-sm" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+        </button>
+        <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-body" aria-label="App logs polling settings" @onclick="() => OnOpenSettings.InvokeAsync()" title="Configure app logs polling interval">
+            <i class="bi bi-gear-fill bi-gear-sm" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+        </button>
+    </span>
+</p>
+<AppLogsFiltersModal IsVisible="_filtersModalVisible" OnClose="CloseFiltersModal" />
+<LogsPreView Id="app-logs-pre" Placeholder="@_initialPlaceholder" Freeze="_logsContentReceived" />
+<div class="mt-2 d-flex flex-wrap gap-2 align-items-center">
+    <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="RequestRefreshAsync" disabled="@_refreshing"><i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Refresh</button>
+    <a href="api/logging/logs/download" download="app.log" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-download me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Download logs</a>
+</div>

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsSection.razor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Extensions.Interop;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Client.Abstractions;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Logs;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client;
+using Microsoft.JSInterop;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.AppLogs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// App logs block: connects to LogsHub, receives AppLogsUpdate pushes, polls at interval as fallback.
+/// Snapshot on connect; RequestAppLogsUpdate on poll. Log level is configurable at runtime (persisted to appsettings.Overrides.json).
+/// </summary>
+public partial class AppLogsSection : IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    private const string AppLogsPreId = "app-logs-pre";
+
+    [Inject] private ILoggingClient LoggingClient { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    private bool _justUpdated;
+    private bool _logsContentReceived;
+    private bool _refreshing;
+    private int _intervalSeconds;
+    private string _logLevel = "Information";
+    private bool _logLevelDisabled;
+    private bool _filtersModalVisible;
+    private HubConnection? _hubConnection;
+    private IJSObjectReference? _logsJs;
+    private Timer? _pollTimer;
+    private Timer? _justUpdatedResetTimer;
+    private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new();
+
+    [Parameter] public int RefreshIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
+
+    [Parameter] public int LogsMaxLines { get; set; } = 500;
+
+    [Parameter] public bool LogsAutoScroll { get; set; } = true;
+
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnOpenSettings { get; set; }
+
+    private string _initialPlaceholder => _hubConnection?.State == HubConnectionState.Connected ? "Waiting for logs…" : "Connecting…";
+
+    private object LogsOptions => new { maxLines = LogsMaxLines, autoScroll = LogsAutoScroll };
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        if (RefreshIntervalSeconds == _intervalSeconds) return;
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
+        RestartPollTimer();
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
+    {
+        if (!firstRender) return;
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
+        var hubUri = new Uri(new Uri(Navigation.BaseUri), "hubs/logs").ToString();
+
+        _hubConnection = new HubConnectionBuilder()
+            .WithUrl(hubUri)
+            .WithAutomaticReconnect()
+            .Build();
+
+        _hubConnection.On<LogsUpdatePayload>("AppLogsUpdate", OnAppLogsUpdate);
+
+        try
+        {
+            _logsJs = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./js/logs.js");
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "AppLogsSection: JS import skipped (prerender)"); return; }
+        catch (JSDisconnectedException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "AppLogsSection: JS import skipped (circuit disconnected)"); return; }
+        catch (JSException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "AppLogsSection: JS import failed"); return; }
+
+        await _hubConnection.StartAsync(_cts.Token);
+        RestartPollTimer();
+
+        try
+        {
+            _logLevel = await LoggingClient.GetLevelAsync(_cts.Token);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception) { /* leave default */ }
+
+        // Request initial snapshot (replace)
+        try
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.InvokeAsync("RequestAppLogsSnapshot", _cts.Token);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+
+    private void OpenFiltersModal() => _filtersModalVisible = true;
+    private void CloseFiltersModal() => _filtersModalVisible = false;
+
+    private async Task RequestRefreshAsync()
+    {
+        if (_hubConnection?.State != HubConnectionState.Connected)
+            return;
+        _refreshing = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
+        try
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.InvokeAsync("RequestAppLogsSnapshot", _cts.Token);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception) { /* ignore */ }
+        finally
+        {
+            _refreshing = false;
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnLogLevelChanged()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_logLevel)) return;
+        _logLevelDisabled = true;
+        try
+        {
+            var updated = await LoggingClient.SetLevelAsync(_logLevel, _cts.Token);
+            _logLevel = updated;
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception) { /* leave binding as-is */ }
+        finally
+        {
+            _logLevelDisabled = false;
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RestartPollTimer()
+    {
+        _pollTimer?.Dispose();
+        _pollTimer = new Timer(
+            _ => _ = InvokeAsync(PollTick),
+            null,
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds),
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds));
+    }
+
+    private async Task PollTick()
+    {
+        if (_cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested || _hubConnection?.State != HubConnectionState.Connected)
+            return;
+        try
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.InvokeAsync("RequestAppLogsUpdate", _cts.Token);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+
+    private async void OnAppLogsUpdate(LogsUpdatePayload payload)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            await InvokeAsync(async () =>
+            {
+                if (_logsJs == null) return;
+                if (payload.Mode == "replace")
+                    await _logsJs.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("replaceLogs", AppLogsPreId, payload.Content, LogsOptions);
+                else
+                    await _logsJs.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("appendLogs", AppLogsPreId, payload.Content, LogsOptions);
+                _logsContentReceived = true;
+                SetJustUpdated();
+                StateHasChanged();
+            });
+        }
+        catch (ObjectDisposedException) { /* Component disposed; ignore */ }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException) { /* Circuit disconnected; ignore */ }
+    }
+
+    private void SetJustUpdated()
+    {
+        _justUpdated = true;
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer = new Timer(_ =>
+        {
+            _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+            _justUpdatedResetTimer = null;
+            _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                _justUpdated = false;
+                StateHasChanged();
+            });
+        }, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2), Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan);
+    }
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        _pollTimer?.Dispose();
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+        _cts.Cancel();
+        _cts.Dispose();
+        if (_hubConnection != null)
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.DisposeAsync();
+            _hubConnection = null;
+        }
+        await _logsJs.DisposeAsyncSafe();
+        _logsJs = null;
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/AppLogs/AppLogsSection.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* Status dot pulse – shared with StatusSection, LogsSection */
+@keyframes status-dot-pulse {
+    0%, 100% {
+        opacity: 1;
+    }
+    50% {
+        opacity: 0.35;
+    }
+}
+
+.status-dot.status-dot-updating {
+    animation: status-dot-pulse 0.7s ease-in-out infinite;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/ConfigFileList.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+
+<div class="config-file-list">
+    @{
+        var configFileList = Status.ConfigFiles?.Count > 0 ? Status.ConfigFiles : ConfigSet?.Files;
+        var hasList = configFileList != null && configFileList.Count > 0;
+        var mainEntry = hasList ? configFileList![0] : null;
+        var hasMoreThanOne = hasList && configFileList!.Count > 1;
+        var fileCount = hasList ? configFileList!.Count : 2;
+        var showToggle = hasMoreThanOne || (!hasList && Status.ManagedFilePath != null);
+    }
+    <div class="config-file-list-header">
+        <p class="config-file-list-title mb-0">Config files (load order)</p>
+        @if (showToggle)
+        {
+            <button type="button"
+                    class="config-file-list-toggle"
+                    @onclick="ToggleExpanded"
+                    aria-expanded="@_expanded"
+                    aria-label="@(_expanded ? "Show only main config" : "Show all config files")">
+                <i class="bi @(_expanded ? "bi-chevron-up" : "bi-chevron-down")" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+                <span>@(_expanded ? "Show less" : $"Show all ({fileCount} files)")</span>
+            </button>
+        }
+    </div>
+    <div class="config-file-list-content-row">
+        <div class="config-file-list-list">
+            <ul class="list-unstyled config-file-list-main">
+                @if (hasList)
+                {
+                    <ConfigFileListItem Entry="@mainEntry" Status="Status" />
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    <li><strong>Main config:</strong> @(Status.MainConfigPath ?? "—") @(Status.MainConfigPathExists ? "✓" : "(missing)")</li>
+                }
+            </ul>
+            @if (showToggle)
+            {
+                <div class="config-file-list-expandable @(_expanded ? "expanded" : null)">
+                    <div class="config-file-list-expandable-inner">
+                        <ul class="list-unstyled">
+                            @if (hasList)
+                            {
+                                @foreach (var f in configFileList!.Skip(1))
+                                {
+                                    <ConfigFileListItem Entry="f" Status="Status" />
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                <li><strong>Managed file:</strong> @(Status.ManagedFilePath ?? "—") @(Status.ManagedFilePathExists ? "✓" : "(not created yet)")</li>
+                            }
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            }
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter, EditorRequired]
+    public DnsmasqServiceStatus Status { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    [Parameter]
+    public DnsmasqConfigSet? ConfigSet { get; set; }
+
+    private bool _expanded;
+
+    private void ToggleExpanded() => _expanded = !_expanded;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/ConfigFileList.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/* Config file list: card-style block with expandable list */
+.config-file-list {
+    --cfl-radius: var(--app-radius, 0.375rem);
+    --cfl-spacing: var(--app-spacing-md, 1rem);
+    --cfl-border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
+    --cfl-bg: #f8f9fa;
+    --cfl-bg-hover: #e9ecef;
+}
+
+.config-file-list {
+    border-radius: var(--cfl-radius);
+    border: var(--cfl-border);
+    background: var(--cfl-bg);
+    padding: var(--cfl-spacing);
+    margin-top: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.config-file-list-header {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    gap: 0.75rem;
+    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.config-file-list .config-file-list-title {
+    font-size: 0.9375rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    color: #212529;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.config-file-list ul {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding-left: 1.25rem;
+    font-size: 0.875rem;
+    line-height: 1.6;
+    color: #495057;
+}
+
+.config-file-list ul li {
+    padding: 0.2rem 0;
+}
+
+/* List content row (toggle is in header now) */
+.config-file-list-content-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: flex-start;
+    gap: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.config-file-list-list {
+    flex: 1;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.config-file-list .config-file-list-toggle {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.35rem;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
+    font-size: 0.8125rem;
+    font-weight: 500;
+    color: #0d6efd;
+    background: transparent;
+    border: none;
+    border-radius: var(--cfl-radius);
+    cursor: pointer;
+    transition: background-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
+}
+
+.config-file-list .config-file-list-toggle:hover {
+    background: var(--cfl-bg-hover);
+    color: #0a58ca;
+}
+
+.config-file-list .config-file-list-toggle:focus-visible {
+    outline: 0;
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.25);
+}
+
+.config-file-list .config-file-list-toggle .bi {
+    font-size: 0.875rem;
+    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
+}
+
+/* Expandable section: animate height with grid 0fr → 1fr */
+.config-file-list-expandable {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-rows: 0fr;
+    transition: grid-template-rows 0.25s ease-out;
+}
+
+.config-file-list-expandable.expanded {
+    grid-template-rows: 1fr;
+}
+
+.config-file-list-expandable-inner {
+    min-height: 0;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.config-file-list-expandable-inner ul {
+    padding-top: 0.15rem;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/ConfigFileListItem.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+
+<li>
+    @if (Entry.IsManaged)
+    {
+        <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.Managed" Text="managed" Class="me-1" />
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.SourceMain" Text="@(Entry.Source.ToString().ToLowerInvariant())" Class="me-1" />
+    }
+    @Entry.Path
+    @{
+        var isMain = string.Equals(Entry.Path, Status.MainConfigPath, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        var isManaged = Entry.IsManaged;
+        var exists = isMain ? Status.MainConfigPathExists : (isManaged ? Status.ManagedFilePathExists : (bool?)null);
+    }
+    @if (exists == true) { <text> ✓</text> }
+    @if (exists == false) { <text> @(isManaged ? "(not created yet)" : "(missing)")</text> }
+</li>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter, EditorRequired]
+    public DnsmasqConfigSetEntry Entry { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    [Parameter, EditorRequired]
+    public DnsmasqServiceStatus Status { get; set; } = null!;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/FlagValueDisplay.razor

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-@* Reusable value-only display for boolean/flag options. Edit mode: checkbox (unless readonly); View: "Enabled" / "Disabled". *@
-@if (DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
-{
-    var isSet = Descriptor.GetValue() is bool b && b;
-    <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" checked="@isSet" @onchange="OnCheckedChange" />
-}
-else
-{
-    @(Descriptor.GetValue() is bool isSet && isSet ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
-}
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; set; } = null!;
-    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-    [Parameter] public EventCallback<bool> CheckedChanged { get; set; }
-
-    private async Task OnCheckedChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
-    {
-        await CheckedChanged.InvokeAsync(e.Value is true);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/PortValueDisplay.razor

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-@* Value-only display for the port option. Edit mode: number input (unless readonly); View: text with "(default DNS port)". *@
-@if (DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
-{
-    var port = Descriptor.GetValue() is int p ? p : 53;
-    <input type="number" class="form-control form-control-sm" style="max-width: 6rem;" min="1" max="65535" value="@port" @oninput="OnPortInput" />
-}
-else
-{
-    @(Descriptor.GetValue() is int port ? $"{port} (default DNS port)" : "(not set)")
-}
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; set; } = null!;
-    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-    [Parameter] public EventCallback<int?> PortChanged { get; set; }
-
-    private async Task OnPortInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
-    {
-        if (int.TryParse(e.Value?.ToString(), out var port) && port >= 1 && port <= 65535)
-            await PortChanged.InvokeAsync(port);
-        else
-            await PortChanged.InvokeAsync(null);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigFieldDisplay.razor

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Services.Abstractions
-@inject IEffectiveConfigRenderFragmentRegistry RenderFragmentRegistry
-
-@* Custom fragment renders only the value; we keep the row shell (label + value slot + badge) here for consistency. *@
-@if (_customFragment is { } fragment)
-{
-    var labelTooltip = DnsmasqOptionTooltips.Get(Descriptor.OptionName);
-    <li class="ec-field" title="@(Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
-        <span class="ec-field-label" title="@(labelTooltip ?? Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())"><strong>@Descriptor.OptionName:</strong></span>
-        <span class="ec-field-value">@fragment(Descriptor)</span>
-        @if (Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly == true)
-        {
-            <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-1">readonly</span>
-        }
-    </li>
-}
-else if (Descriptor.IsMultiValue)
-{
-    var items = Descriptor.GetItems();
-    <EffectiveConfigMultiValueRow Label="@Descriptor.OptionName" Items="@items" LabelTooltip="@_labelTooltip" />
-}
-else
-{
-    var value = Descriptor.GetValue();
-    var displayValue = value == null ? "(not set)" : (value is IReadOnlyList<string> list ? (list.Count == 0 ? "(none)" : string.Join(", ", list)) : value.ToString());
-    <EffectiveConfigOptionItem Label="@Descriptor.OptionName" DisplayValue="@(displayValue ?? "(not set)")" Source="@Descriptor.GetSource()" LabelTooltip="@_labelTooltip" />
-}
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; set; } = null!;
-    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-
-    private RenderFragment<EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor>? _customFragment;
-    private string? _labelTooltip;
-
-    protected override void OnParametersSet()
-    {
-        _customFragment = RenderFragmentRegistry.GetDisplayFragment(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName);
-        _labelTooltip = DnsmasqOptionTooltips.Get(Descriptor.OptionName);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigMultiValueItem.razor

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-<span class="ec-field-value-item" title="@(Source?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
-    @Value
-    @if (Source?.IsReadOnly == true)
-    {
-        <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-1">readonly</span>
-    }
-</span>
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public string Value { get; set; } = "";
-    [Parameter] public ConfigValueSource? Source { get; set; }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigMultiValueRow.razor

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-<li class="ec-field">
-    <span class="ec-field-label" title="@LabelTooltip"><strong>@Label:</strong></span>
-    @if (DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit)
-    {
-        <span class="ec-field-value ec-field-value-multi">
-            <textarea class="form-control form-control-sm" rows="@(Math.Max(2, (Items?.Count ?? 0) + 1))" @oninput="OnLinesInput" placeholder="One value per line">@_editLines</textarea>
-        </span>
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        <span class="ec-field-value ec-field-value-multi">
-            @if (Items?.Count > 0)
-            {
-                <ol class="ec-field-value-list">
-                    @foreach (var item in Items!)
-                    {
-                        <li><EffectiveConfigMultiValueItem Value="@item.Value" Source="@item.Source" /></li>
-                    }
-                </ol>
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                <span class="text-muted">(none)</span>
-            }
-        </span>
-    }
-</li>
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public string Label { get; set; } = "";
-    [Parameter] public IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? Items { get; set; }
-    [Parameter] public EventCallback<IReadOnlyList<string>> ItemsChanged { get; set; }
-    [Parameter] public string? LabelTooltip { get; set; }
-    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-
-    private string _editLines = "";
-
-    protected override void OnParametersSet()
-    {
-        if (Items != null && Items.Count > 0)
-            _editLines = string.Join("\n", Items.Select(i => i.Value));
-        else
-            _editLines = "";
-    }
-
-    private async Task OnLinesInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
-    {
-        var text = e.Value?.ToString() ?? "";
-        _editLines = text;
-        var lines = text.Split('\n', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Select(l => l.Trim()).Where(l => l.Length > 0).ToList();
-        await ItemsChanged.InvokeAsync(lines);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigOptionItem.razor

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-<li class="ec-field" title="@(Source?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
-    <span class="ec-field-label" title="@(LabelTooltip ?? Source?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())"><strong>@Label:</strong></span>
-    @if (DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && Source?.IsReadOnly != true)
-    {
-        <span class="ec-field-value">
-            <input type="text" class="form-control form-control-sm" value="@DisplayValue" @oninput="OnValueInput" />
-        </span>
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        <span class="ec-field-value">@DisplayValue</span>
-        @if (Source?.IsReadOnly == true)
-        {
-            <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-1">readonly</span>
-        }
-    }
-</li>
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public string Label { get; set; } = "";
-    [Parameter] public string DisplayValue { get; set; } = "";
-    [Parameter] public ConfigValueSource? Source { get; set; }
-    /// <summary>Optional explainer shown on hover over the label (e.g. from DnsmasqOptionTooltips).</summary>
-    [Parameter] public string? LabelTooltip { get; set; }
-    /// <summary>When Edit and not readonly: raised when the user changes the value. Not yet wired to save.</summary>
-    [Parameter] public EventCallback<string> DisplayValueChanged { get; set; }
-    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-
-    private async Task OnValueInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
-    {
-        var value = e.Value?.ToString() ?? "";
-        await DisplayValueChanged.InvokeAsync(value);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigSection.razor

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
-
-@if (Status != null)
-{
-<div class="ec-sections small">
-    @{
-        var descriptors = EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.BuildFieldDescriptors(Status);
-        var sections = new[]
-        {
-            (EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionHosts, "Hosts"),
-            (EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionResolver, "Resolver / DNS"),
-            (EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionDhcp, "DHCP"),
-            (EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionCache, "Cache"),
-            (EffectiveConfigFieldBuilder.SectionProcess, "Process & networking")
-        };
-    }
-    @foreach (var (sectionId, title) in sections)
-    {
-        var sectionDescriptors = descriptors.Where(d => d.SectionId == sectionId).ToList();
-        if (sectionDescriptors.Count > 0)
-        {
-            <EffectiveConfigSectionPanel SectionId="@sectionId" Title="@title" Descriptors="@sectionDescriptors" IsOpen="@IsOpen(sectionId)" OnToggle="@OnSectionToggle" DisplayMode="@DisplayMode" />
-        }
-    }
-</div>
-}
-
-@code {
-    [Parameter] public DnsmasqServiceStatus? Status { get; set; }
-    /// <summary>View = read-only; Edit = editable (future). Cascaded to field displays.</summary>
-    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
-
-    private HashSet<string> _openPanels = new();
-
-    private bool IsOpen(string id) => _openPanels.Contains(id);
-
-    private void OnSectionToggle(string id)
-    {
-        if (_openPanels.Contains(id))
-            _openPanels.Remove(id);
-        else
-            _openPanels.Add(id);
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/EffectiveConfig/EffectiveConfigSection.razor.css

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-/* Effective config sections – mobile-first, touch-friendly.
-   Use ::deep so styles apply to EffectiveConfigSectionPanel (child component) markup. */
-.ec-sections {
-    display: flex;
-    flex-direction: column;
-    gap: 0;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section {
-    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section:last-child {
-    border-bottom: none;
-}
-
-/* Touch-friendly header: min 44px tap target (WCAG 2.5.5), breathing room from edges */
-::deep .ec-section-header {
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: space-between;
-    width: 100%;
-    min-height: 2.75rem;
-    padding: 0.625rem 1rem;
-    margin: 0;
-    border: none;
-    border-radius: 0.25rem;
-    background: transparent;
-    color: inherit;
-    text-align: left;
-    cursor: pointer;
-    font-size: inherit;
-    line-height: 1.3;
-    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
-    transition: background-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-header:hover {
-    color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
-    background-color: var(--bs-secondary-bg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04));
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-header:focus-visible {
-    outline: 2px solid var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
-    outline-offset: 2px;
-}
-
-/* Open state: header reads as "active" and clearly separates from body */
-::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-header {
-    background-color: var(--bs-secondary-bg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05));
-    color: var(--bs-emphasis-color, inherit);
-    font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-header:hover {
-    background-color: var(--bs-tertiary-bg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08));
-    color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-title {
-    flex: 1;
-    min-width: 0;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-chevron {
-    flex-shrink: 0;
-    font-size: 0.8rem;
-    opacity: 0.8;
-    margin-left: 0.35rem;
-    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-chevron {
-    opacity: 1;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-body {
-    padding: 0.25rem 1rem 0.5rem 1rem;
-    padding-left: 1rem;
-    border-left: 2px solid var(--bs-border-color-translucent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075));
-    margin-left: 0;
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    word-break: break-word;
-}
-
-/* Long paths/values wrap on small screens; badges stay inline */
-::deep .ec-section-body ul {
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    word-break: break-word;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-section-body li {
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    word-break: break-word;
-}
-
-/* Field row: label + value + optional badge. Same structure for custom and default displays. */
-::deep .ec-field {
-    display: flex;
-    flex-wrap: wrap;
-    align-items: baseline;
-    gap: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
-    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field:last-child {
-    margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-label {
-    flex-shrink: 0;
-    min-width: 0;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value {
-    flex: 1 1 auto;
-    min-width: 0;
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    word-break: break-word;
-}
-
-/* Multi-value: full width below label, indented ordered list */
-::deep .ec-field-value-multi {
-    flex-basis: 100%;
-    padding-left: 1.25rem;
-    margin-top: 0.15rem;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value-list {
-    margin: 0;
-    padding-left: 1.25rem;
-    list-style-type: decimal;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value-list li {
-    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    word-break: break-word;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value-list li:last-child {
-    margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value-item {
-    display: inline;
-}
-
-::deep .ec-field-value-sep {
-    margin-right: 0.25rem;
-}
-
-@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
-    ::deep .ec-section-header {
-        padding-left: 0.75rem;
-        padding-right: 0.75rem;
-    }
-    ::deep .ec-section-body {
-        padding-left: 0.75rem;
-        padding-right: 0.75rem;
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Logs/LogsPreView.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.Logs
+@* Renders a pre element for logs. Once Freeze is true, stops re-rendering so Blazor does not overwrite JS-owned content. *@
+<pre id="@Id" class="pre-block mb-0" style="max-height: 24rem;">@Placeholder</pre>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string Id { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public string Placeholder { get; set; } = "Connecting…";
+    [Parameter] public bool Freeze { get; set; }
+
+    protected override bool ShouldRender() => !Freeze;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Logs/LogsSection.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.Logs
+@* Recent logs — live view via SignalR from LogsCommand; client polls at interval, server pushes deltas *@
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Logs
+@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client
+@inject NavigationManager Navigation
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+@inject ILogger<LogsSection> Logger
+@implements IAsyncDisposable
+
+@if (_status != null && (_status.LogsConfigured || _status.LogsPath != null))
+{
+    <p class="mb-1 mt-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between flex-wrap gap-1">
+        <span class="d-flex align-items-center gap-1">
+            <strong>Recent logs</strong>
+            <span class="status-dot d-inline-block rounded-circle flex-shrink-0 bg-success @(_justUpdated ? "status-dot-updating" : null)" style="width: 0.5rem; height: 0.5rem;" title="@(_justUpdated ? "Updating…" : "Live")" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+        </span>
+        <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-body" aria-label="Recent logs polling settings" @onclick="() => OnOpenSettings.InvokeAsync()" title="Configure recent logs polling interval">
+            <i class="bi bi-gear-fill bi-gear-sm" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+        </button>
+    </p>
+    @if (_status.LogsConfigured)
+    {
+        <p class="text-muted small mb-1"><code>@_status.LogsCommand</code></p>
+    }
+    @if (_status.LogsConfigured)
+    {
+        <LogsPreView Id="dnsmasq-logs-pre" Placeholder="@_initialPlaceholder" Freeze="_logsContentReceived" />
+    }
+    <div class="mt-2 d-flex flex-wrap gap-2 align-items-center">
+        <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="RequestRefreshAsync" disabled="@_refreshing"><i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Refresh</button>
+        @if (_status.LogsPath != null)
+        {
+            <a href="api/status/logs/download" download="dnsmasq.log" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-download me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Download logs</a>
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" disabled title="No log file path detected. Set log-facility=/path/to/file in your dnsmasq config to enable download."><i class="bi bi-download me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Download logs</button>
+        }
+    </div>
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Logs/LogsSection.razor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Extensions.Interop;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Logs;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client;
+using Microsoft.JSInterop;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.Logs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Recent logs block: connects to LogsHub, polls at interval via RequestDnsmasqLogs,
+/// receives DnsmasqLogsUpdate pushes, updates DOM via JS interop.
+/// </summary>
+public partial class LogsSection : IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    private const string LogsPreId = "dnsmasq-logs-pre";
+
+    private DnsmasqServiceStatus? _status;
+    private bool _refreshing;
+    private bool _justUpdated;
+    private bool _logsContentReceived;
+    private int _intervalSeconds;
+    private HubConnection? _hubConnection;
+    private IJSObjectReference? _logsJs;
+    private Timer? _pollTimer;
+    private Timer? _justUpdatedResetTimer;
+    private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new();
+
+    [Parameter] public DnsmasqServiceStatus? Status { get; set; }
+
+    [Parameter] public int RefreshIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
+
+    [Parameter] public int LogsMaxLines { get; set; } = 500;
+
+    [Parameter] public bool LogsAutoScroll { get; set; } = true;
+
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnOpenSettings { get; set; }
+
+    private object LogsOptions => new { maxLines = LogsMaxLines, autoScroll = LogsAutoScroll };
+
+    private string _initialPlaceholder => _hubConnection?.State == HubConnectionState.Connected ? "Waiting for logs…" : "Connecting…";
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        _status = Status;
+        if (RefreshIntervalSeconds == _intervalSeconds) return;
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
+        RestartPollTimer();
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
+    {
+        if (!firstRender) return;
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
+        _status = Status;
+
+        var hubUri = new Uri(new Uri(Navigation.BaseUri), "hubs/logs").ToString();
+
+        _hubConnection = new HubConnectionBuilder()
+            .WithUrl(hubUri)
+            .WithAutomaticReconnect()
+            .Build();
+
+        _hubConnection.On<LogsUpdatePayload>("DnsmasqLogsUpdate", OnDnsmasqLogsUpdate);
+
+        try
+        {
+            _logsJs = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./js/logs.js");
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "LogsSection: JS import skipped (prerender)"); return; }
+        catch (JSDisconnectedException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "LogsSection: JS import skipped (circuit disconnected)"); return; }
+        catch (JSException ex) { Logger.LogDebug(ex, "LogsSection: JS import failed"); return; }
+
+        await _hubConnection.StartAsync(_cts.Token);
+        RestartPollTimer();
+
+        // Initial request
+        await RequestRefreshAsync();
+    }
+
+    private void RestartPollTimer()
+    {
+        _pollTimer?.Dispose();
+        _pollTimer = new Timer(
+            _ => _ = InvokeAsync(PollTick),
+            null,
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds),
+            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds));
+    }
+
+    private async Task PollTick()
+    {
+        if (_cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested || _hubConnection?.State != HubConnectionState.Connected)
+            return;
+        await RequestRefreshAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task RequestRefreshAsync()
+    {
+        if (_hubConnection?.State != HubConnectionState.Connected)
+            return;
+        _refreshing = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
+        try
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.InvokeAsync("RequestDnsmasqLogs", _cts.Token);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            // Don't overwrite on background refresh
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _refreshing = false;
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async void OnDnsmasqLogsUpdate(LogsUpdatePayload payload)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            await InvokeAsync(async () =>
+            {
+                if (_logsJs == null) return;
+                if (payload.Mode == "replace")
+                    await _logsJs.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("replaceLogs", LogsPreId, payload.Content, LogsOptions);
+                else
+                    await _logsJs.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("appendLogs", LogsPreId, payload.Content, LogsOptions);
+                _logsContentReceived = true;
+                SetJustUpdated();
+                StateHasChanged();
+            });
+        }
+        catch (ObjectDisposedException) { /* Component disposed; ignore */ }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException) { /* Circuit disconnected; ignore */ }
+    }
+
+    private void SetJustUpdated()
+    {
+        _justUpdated = true;
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer = new Timer(_ =>
+        {
+            _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+            _justUpdatedResetTimer = null;
+            _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                _justUpdated = false;
+                StateHasChanged();
+            });
+        }, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2), Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan);
+    }
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        _pollTimer?.Dispose();
+        _justUpdatedResetTimer?.Dispose();
+        _cts.Cancel();
+        _cts.Dispose();
+        if (_hubConnection != null)
+        {
+            await _hubConnection.DisposeAsync();
+            _hubConnection = null;
+        }
+        await _logsJs.DisposeAsyncSafe();
+        _logsJs = null;
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Logs/LogsSection.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* Status dot pulse – shared with StatusSection */
+@keyframes status-dot-pulse {
+    0%, 100% {
+        opacity: 1;
+    }
+    50% {
+        opacity: 0.35;
+    }
+}
+
+.status-dot.status-dot-updating {
+    animation: status-dot-pulse 0.7s ease-in-out infinite;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/LogsSection.razor

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq
-@* Recent logs — live view from LogsCommand; only this component re-renders on its timer *@
-@if (_status != null && (_status.LogsConfigured || _status.LogsPath != null))
-{
-    <p class="mb-1 mt-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between">
-        <strong>Recent logs</strong>
-        <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-body" aria-label="Recent logs polling settings" @onclick="() => OnOpenSettings.InvokeAsync()" title="Configure recent logs polling interval">
-            <i class="bi bi-gear-fill bi-gear-sm" aria-hidden="true"></i>
-        </button>
-    </p>
-    @if (_status.LogsConfigured)
-    {
-        <p class="text-muted small mb-1"><code>@_status.LogsCommand</code></p>
-    }
-    @if (_status.LogsConfigured)
-    {
-        @if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_status.LogsOutput))
-        {
-            <p class="text-muted small">No output.</p>
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            <pre class="pre-block mb-0" style="max-height: 24rem;">@_status.LogsOutput</pre>
-        }
-    }
-    <div class="mt-2 d-flex flex-wrap gap-2 align-items-center">
-        <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="RefreshAsync" disabled="@_refreshing">Refresh</button>
-        @if (_status.LogsPath != null)
-        {
-            <a href="api/status/logs/download" download="dnsmasq.log" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Download logs</a>
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" disabled title="No log file path detected. Set log-facility=/path/to/file in your dnsmasq config to enable download.">Download logs</button>
-        }
-    </div>
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/LogsSection.razor.cs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
-
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Recent logs block: polls LogsCommand output at its own interval and re-renders only itself.
-/// </summary>
-public partial class LogsSection : IDisposable
-{
-    private DnsmasqServiceStatus? _status;
-    private bool _refreshing;
-    private int _intervalSeconds;
-    private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new();
-    private Timer? _timer;
-
-    [Parameter] public int RefreshIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
-
-    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnOpenSettings { get; set; }
-
-    [Inject] private IStatusClient StatusClient { get; set; } = null!;
-
-    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
-    {
-        _intervalSeconds = Math.Clamp(RefreshIntervalSeconds, 5, 300);
-        await RefreshAsync();
-        _timer = new Timer(
-            _ => _ = InvokeAsync(OnRefreshTick),
-            null,
-            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds),
-            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds));
-    }
-
-    protected override void OnParametersSet()
-    {
-        var next = Math.Clamp(RefreshIntervalSeconds, 5, 300);
-        if (next == _intervalSeconds) return;
-        _intervalSeconds = next;
-        _timer?.Dispose();
-        _timer = new Timer(
-            _ => _ = InvokeAsync(OnRefreshTick),
-            null,
-            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds),
-            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(_intervalSeconds));
-    }
-
-    private async Task OnRefreshTick()
-    {
-        if (_cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested) return;
-        await RefreshAsync();
-        StateHasChanged();
-    }
-
-    private async Task RefreshAsync()
-    {
-        _refreshing = true;
-        try
-        {
-            var token = _cts.Token;
-            _status = await StatusClient.GetStatusAsync(token);
-        }
-        catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
-        catch
-        {
-            // Don't overwrite on background refresh
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            _refreshing = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        _timer?.Dispose();
-        _timer = null;
-        _cts.Cancel();
-        _cts.Dispose();
-    }
-}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Status/StatusSection.razor

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.Status
 @* Service status — output of StatusShowCommand; only this component re-renders on its timer *@
 @if (_status != null && _status.StatusShowConfigured)
 {
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@
             <strong>Service status</strong>
             @{
                 var isActive = _status.DnsmasqStatus == "active";
+                var isUpdating = _refreshing || IsReloading;
             }
-            <span class="status-dot d-inline-block rounded-circle flex-shrink-0 @(isActive ? "bg-success" : "bg-danger")" style="width: 0.5rem; height: 0.5rem;" title="@(isActive ? "Running" : "Not running")" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+            <span class="status-dot d-inline-block rounded-circle flex-shrink-0 @(isActive ? "bg-success" : "bg-danger") @(isUpdating ? "status-dot-updating" : null)" style="width: 0.5rem; height: 0.5rem;" title="@(isUpdating ? "Updating…" : (isActive ? "Running" : "Not running"))" aria-hidden="true"></span>
         </span>
         <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-sm p-0 text-body" aria-label="Service status polling settings" @onclick="() => OnOpenSettings.InvokeAsync()" title="Configure service status polling interval">
             <i class="bi bi-gear-fill bi-gear-sm" aria-hidden="true"></i>
@@ -23,7 +24,21 @@
     {
         <pre class="pre-block mb-0" style="max-height: 22rem;">@_status.StatusShowOutput</pre>
     }
-    <div class="mt-2">
-        <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="RefreshAsync" disabled="@_refreshing">Refresh</button>
+    <div class="mt-2 d-flex align-items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
+        <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="RefreshAsync" disabled="@_refreshing"><i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Refresh</button>
+        @if (ReloadCommandConfigured && OnReloadRequested.HasDelegate)
+        {
+            <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="InvokeReloadAsync" disabled="@IsReloading" title="Reload dnsmasq config (e.g. SIGHUP)">
+                @if (IsReloading)
+                {
+                    <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm me-1" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    <i class="bi bi-arrow-repeat me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+                }
+                Reload
+            </button>
+        }
     </div>
 }

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Status/StatusSection.razor.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Client.Http.Abstractions;
-using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Status;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Client.Abstractions;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
 
-namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq;
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.Status;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Service status block: polls StatusShowCommand output at its own interval and re-renders only itself.
@@ -17,13 +17,20 @@ public partial class StatusSection : IDisposable
 
     [Parameter] public int RefreshIntervalSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
 
+    [Parameter] public bool IsReloading { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>When set and reload is configured, show a "Reload config" button next to Refresh.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnReloadRequested { get; set; }
+
+    [Parameter] public bool ReloadCommandConfigured { get; set; }
+
     [Parameter] public EventCallback OnOpenSettings { get; set; }
 
     [Inject] private IStatusClient StatusClient { get; set; } = null!;
 
     protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
     {
-        _intervalSeconds = Math.Clamp(RefreshIntervalSeconds, 5, 300);
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
         await RefreshAsync();
         _timer = new Timer(
             _ => _ = InvokeAsync(OnRefreshTick),
@@ -34,9 +41,8 @@ public partial class StatusSection : IDisposable
 
     protected override void OnParametersSet()
     {
-        var next = Math.Clamp(RefreshIntervalSeconds, 5, 300);
-        if (next == _intervalSeconds) return;
-        _intervalSeconds = next;
+        if (RefreshIntervalSeconds == _intervalSeconds) return;
+        _intervalSeconds = RefreshIntervalSeconds;
         _timer?.Dispose();
         _timer = new Timer(
             _ => _ = InvokeAsync(OnRefreshTick),
@@ -52,9 +58,15 @@ public partial class StatusSection : IDisposable
         StateHasChanged();
     }
 
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MinUpdatingDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
+
+    private Task InvokeReloadAsync() => OnReloadRequested.InvokeAsync();
+
     private async Task RefreshAsync()
     {
+        var started = DateTime.UtcNow;
         _refreshing = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
         try
         {
             var token = _cts.Token;
@@ -67,6 +79,13 @@ public partial class StatusSection : IDisposable
         }
         finally
         {
+            var elapsed = DateTime.UtcNow - started;
+            var remaining = MinUpdatingDuration - elapsed;
+            if (remaining > TimeSpan.Zero)
+            {
+                try { await Task.Delay(remaining, _cts.Token).ConfigureAwait(false); }
+                catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+            }
             _refreshing = false;
         }
     }

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/Dnsmasq/Status/StatusSection.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* Status dot pulse when fetching/updating status */
+@keyframes status-dot-pulse {
+    0%, 100% {
+        opacity: 1;
+    }
+    50% {
+        opacity: 0.35;
+    }
+}
+
+.status-dot.status-dot-updating {
+    animation: status-dot-pulse 0.7s ease-in-out infinite;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Common/CopyableCodeLine.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+
+<div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-1 @CssClass">
+    <code class="flex-grow-1 text-break @CodeCssClass">@Text</code>
+    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary py-0" @onclick="CopyAsync" title="@CopyTitle"><i class="bi bi-clipboard me-1" aria-hidden="true"></i>Copy</button>
+</div>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string Text { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public string? CssClass { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? CodeCssClass { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string CopyTitle { get; set; } = "Copy";
+
+    private async Task CopyAsync()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(Text)) return;
+        try
+        {
+            await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("copyToClipboard", Text);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Clipboard not available or failed
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Common/EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig;
+using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Abstractions;
+
+namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Base for effective-config custom value displays. Provides shared parameters,
+/// <see cref="NotifyValueChanged"/>, and <see cref="GetEffectiveDisplayValue"/> so pending changes are shown before save.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase : ComponentBase
+{
+    [Parameter]
+    public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    [CascadingParameter]
+    public bool IsActiveEditor { get; set; }
+
+    [CascadingParameter]
+    public EventCallback<FocusEventArgs> OnCommitRequested { get; set; }
+
+    [Parameter]
+    public EventCallback<object?> ValueChanged { get; set; }
+
+    [CascadingParameter]
+    public IEffectiveConfigEditSession? Session { get; set; }
+
+    protected Task NotifyValueChanged(object? value) => ValueChanged.InvokeAsync(value);
+
+    /// <summary>Returns the value to display: pending change NewValue if this field has one, else descriptor value (not yet written to disk).</summary>
+    protected object? GetEffectiveDisplayValue()
+    {
+        var pending = Session?.PendingChanges.FirstOrDefault(c =>
+            string.Equals(c.SectionId, Descriptor.SectionId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+            string.Equals(c.OptionName, Descriptor.OptionName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        return pending != null ? pending.NewValue : Descriptor.GetValue();
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Composition/EffectiveConfigPanels.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@inject IEffectiveConfigRenderFragmentRegistry RenderFragmentRegistry
+
+<div class="ec-sections small">
+    @{
+        var views = EffectiveConfigViews.GetViewsForContext(Context);
+        var descriptorsBySection = EffectiveConfigViews.GetDescriptorsBySection(Status, views, RenderFragmentRegistry);
+        var hasSearch = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(SearchTerm);
+        var term = SearchTerm?.Trim() ?? "";
+    }
+    @foreach (var view in views)
+    {
+        if (!descriptorsBySection.TryGetValue(view.SectionId, out var contextDescriptors))
+            continue;
+        var sectionDescriptors = hasSearch
+            ? contextDescriptors.Where(d => DescriptorMatchesSearch(d, term)).ToList()
+            : contextDescriptors.ToList();
+        if (sectionDescriptors.Count == 0)
+            continue;
+        var isOpen = hasSearch || IsSectionOpen(view.SectionId);
+        <EffectiveConfigSectionPanel SectionId="@view.SectionId" Title="@view.Title" Descriptors="@sectionDescriptors" IsOpen="@isOpen" OnToggle="@OnSectionToggle"
+            DisplayMode="@( IsEditMode ? EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit : EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View )"
+            IsEditMode="@IsEditMode" ActiveFieldKey="@ActiveFieldKey" />
+    }
+</div>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public DnsmasqServiceStatus? Status { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigContext Context { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigContext.All;
+    [Parameter] public string SearchTerm { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public HashSet<string> OpenSectionIds { get; set; } = new();
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<string> OnSectionToggle { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? ActiveFieldKey { get; set; }
+
+    private bool IsSectionOpen(string id) => OpenSectionIds.Contains(id);
+
+    private static bool DescriptorMatchesSearch(EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor d, string term)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(term)) return true;
+        var searchable = (d.OptionName + " " + (DnsmasqOptionTooltips.Get(d.OptionName) ?? "")).Trim();
+        return searchable.Contains(term, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Composition/EffectiveConfigSection.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Abstractions
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Validation
+@inject IEffectiveConfigEditSession Session
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+
+@if (Status != null)
+{
+<div class="ec-container" @onclick="DeactivateActiveFieldIfClicked">
+    <OptionHelpController @ref="_optionHelpControllerRef" Visible="@_showOptionHelp" HelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" AnchorId="@_optionHelpAnchorId" Title="@_optionHelpTitle" OnCloseRequested="CloseOptionHelp" />
+    <ReadonlyPopoverController @ref="_readonlyPopoverControllerRef" Visible="@_showReadonlyPopover" AnchorId="@_readonlyPopoverAnchorId" Source="@_readonlyPopoverSource" OptionName="@(_readonlyPopoverOptionName ?? "")" Value="@_readonlyPopoverValue" ManagedFilePath="@(Status?.ManagedFilePath)" OnCloseRequested="CloseReadonlyPopover" />
+    @{
+        var _sectionViews = EffectiveConfigViews.GetViewsForContext(Context);
+        var _allSectionsExpanded = _sectionViews.Count > 0 && _sectionViews.All(v => _openPanels.Contains(v.SectionId));
+    }
+    <EffectiveConfigToolbar ShowSearchBox="@ShowSearchBox" SearchTerm="@_searchTerm" SearchTermChanged="@OnSearchTermChanged"
+        IsEditMode="@Session.IsEditMode" PendingChangesCount="@Session.PendingChanges.Count"
+        ValidationSummary="@Session.GetValidationSummary()"
+        AllSectionsExpanded="@_allSectionsExpanded"
+        OnExpandAll="ExpandAll" OnCollapseAll="CollapseAll" OnEnterEditMode="EnterEditMode" OnExitEditModeWithConfirm="ExitEditModeWithConfirmAsync" OnOpenSaveModal="OpenSaveModal" />
+    <CascadingValue Value="@Session">
+    <CascadingValue Value="@_uiContext">
+        <EffectiveConfigPanels Status="@Status" Context="@Context" SearchTerm="@_searchTerm" OpenSectionIds="@_openPanels"
+            OnSectionToggle="OnSectionToggle" IsEditMode="@Session.IsEditMode" ActiveFieldKey="@Session.ActiveFieldKey" />
+    </CascadingValue>
+    </CascadingValue>
+    <EffectiveConfigSaveFlow ShowModal="@_showSaveModal" PendingChanges="@Session.PendingChanges" Status="@Status" Session="@Session"
+        OnClose="CloseSaveModal" OnRevertedNotify="OnRevertedFromSaveModal" OnSaveCompleted="OnSaveCompleted" OnContinueEditingAfterSavedFailure="ContinueEditingAfterSavedFailureAsync" OnCloseAndEndEdit="CloseSaveModalAndEndEdit" />
+</div>
+}
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public DnsmasqServiceStatus? Status { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigContext Context { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigContext.All;
+    [Parameter] public bool ShowSearchBox { get; set; } = true;
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnSaveCompleted { get; set; }
+
+    private string _searchTerm = "";
+    private HashSet<string> _openPanels = new();
+    private bool _showSaveModal;
+
+    private string? _optionHelpKey;
+    private string? _optionHelpAnchorId;
+    private string _optionHelpTitle = "Option help";
+    private bool _showOptionHelp;
+    private OptionHelpController? _optionHelpControllerRef;
+
+    private bool _showReadonlyPopover;
+    private ReadonlyPopoverController? _readonlyPopoverControllerRef;
+    private string? _readonlyPopoverAnchorId;
+    private ConfigValueSource? _readonlyPopoverSource;
+    private string? _readonlyPopoverOptionName;
+    private object? _readonlyPopoverValue;
+
+    private EffectiveConfigUiContext? _uiContext;
+
+    protected override void OnInitialized()
+    {
+        _uiContext = new EffectiveConfigUiContext
+        {
+            RequestOptionHelpAsync = HandleOptionHelpRequested,
+            RequestReadonlyPopoverAsync = HandleReadonlyBadgeClicked,
+            ScheduleReadonlyPopoverCloseAsync = () =>
+            {
+                _readonlyPopoverControllerRef?.ScheduleCloseFromBadgeLeave();
+                return Task.CompletedTask;
+            },
+            ActivateFieldAsync = fieldKey => { ActivateField(fieldKey); return Task.CompletedTask; },
+            DeactivateFieldAsync = () => { Session.DeactivateField(); return InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged); },
+            CommitFieldAsync = args => { HandleFieldEditCommitted(args); return Task.CompletedTask; },
+            RevertFieldAsync = (sectionId, optionName) => { Session.RevertChange(sectionId, optionName); RunCrossOptionEvaluator(); return InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged); }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnSearchTermChanged(string value)
+    {
+        _searchTerm = value ?? "";
+        await InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);
+    }
+
+    private void CloseOptionHelp()
+    {
+        _showOptionHelp = false;
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleOptionHelpRequested(ConfigOptionHelpRequestEventArgs args)
+    {
+        if (args.IsLabelMouseLeave)
+        {
+            if (args.AnchorId == _optionHelpAnchorId)
+                _optionHelpControllerRef?.ScheduleCloseFromLabelLeave();
+            await InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);
+            return;
+        }
+        _optionHelpControllerRef?.CancelCloseFromLabelEnter();
+        _optionHelpKey = args.HelpKey;
+        _optionHelpTitle = args.OptionLabel;
+        _optionHelpAnchorId = args.AnchorId;
+        _showOptionHelp = true;
+        await InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);
+    }
+
+    private void CloseReadonlyPopover()
+    {
+        _showReadonlyPopover = false;
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleReadonlyBadgeClicked(ReadonlyBadgeClickedEventArgs args)
+    {
+        _readonlyPopoverControllerRef?.CancelCloseFromBadgeEnter();
+        _readonlyPopoverAnchorId = args.AnchorId;
+        _readonlyPopoverSource = args.Source;
+        _readonlyPopoverOptionName = args.OptionName;
+        _readonlyPopoverValue = args.Value;
+        _showReadonlyPopover = true;
+        await InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);
+    }
+
+    private void OnSectionToggle(string id)
+    {
+        if (_openPanels.Contains(id))
+            _openPanels.Remove(id);
+        else
+            _openPanels.Add(id);
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void ExpandAll()
+    {
+        foreach (var view in EffectiveConfigViews.GetViewsForContext(Context))
+            _openPanels.Add(view.SectionId);
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void CollapseAll()
+    {
+        _openPanels.Clear();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void EnterEditMode()
+    {
+        Session.EnterEditMode();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private async Task ExitEditModeWithConfirmAsync()
+    {
+        if (Session.PendingChanges.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var module = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./js/dialog.js");
+            try
+            {
+                var confirmed = await module.InvokeAsync<bool>("confirmMessage", "Discard unsaved changes and exit edit mode?");
+                if (!confirmed) return;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                await module.DisposeAsync();
+            }
+        }
+        Session.ExitEditModeDiscard();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void DeactivateActiveFieldIfClicked()
+    {
+        if (Session.IsEditMode && Session.ActiveFieldKey != null)
+        {
+            Session.DeactivateField();
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ActivateField(string fieldKey)
+    {
+        Session.ActivateField(fieldKey);
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void HandleFieldEditCommitted(EffectiveConfigEditCommittedArgs args)
+    {
+        Session.TrackCommit(args);
+        RunCrossOptionEvaluator();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void RunCrossOptionEvaluator()
+    {
+        var issues = EffectiveConfigCrossOptionEvaluator.Evaluate(Status, Session.PendingChanges);
+        Session.SetCrossOptionIssues(issues);
+    }
+
+    private void OnRevertedFromSaveModal()
+    {
+        RunCrossOptionEvaluator();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void OpenSaveModal()
+    {
+        if (Session.PendingChanges.Count == 0) return;
+        _showSaveModal = true;
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void CloseSaveModal()
+    {
+        _showSaveModal = false;
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private async Task ContinueEditingAfterSavedFailureAsync()
+    {
+        _showSaveModal = false;
+        Session.ExitEditModeDiscard();
+        await OnSaveCompleted.InvokeAsync();
+        Session.EnterEditMode();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void CloseSaveModalAndEndEdit()
+    {
+        _showSaveModal = false;
+        Session.ExitEditModeDiscard();
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Composition/EffectiveConfigSection.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/* Effective config sections – mobile-first, touch-friendly.
+   Use ::deep so styles apply to EffectiveConfigSectionPanel (child component) markup. */
+
+/* Wrapper: border and grouping around all sections. Margin-top separates from config files list above. */
+.ec-container {
+    margin-top: 0.75rem;
+    border: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+    border-radius: 0.5rem;
+    padding: 1rem;
+    background-color: var(--bs-secondary-bg, #f8f9fa);
+    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
+    min-width: 0;
+    overflow: visible;
+}
+
+/* Toolbar: single row, search left and actions right. Use ::deep so styles apply to EffectiveConfigToolbar (child) markup. */
+::deep .ec-toolbar {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: nowrap;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-toolbar-search {
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    min-width: 0;
+    max-width: 24rem;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-toolbar-actions {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: nowrap;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-toolbar-changes-link {
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-toolbar-changes-link:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.ec-sections {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 0;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section:last-child {
+    border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+/* Section header: clear separation from background, touch-friendly (min 44px), distinct so search jumps are obvious */
+::deep .ec-section-header {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    width: 100%;
+    min-height: 2.75rem;
+    padding: 0.625rem 1rem;
+    margin: 0;
+    border: none;
+    border-left: 3px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+    border-radius: 0.25rem;
+    background-color: var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);
+    color: inherit;
+    text-align: left;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    font-size: inherit;
+    line-height: 1.3;
+    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
+    transition: background-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-header:hover {
+    color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+    background-color: var(--bs-secondary-bg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04));
+    border-left-color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-header:focus-visible {
+    outline: 2px solid var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+    outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+
+/* Open state: header reads as "active", left border accent */
+::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-header {
+    background-color: var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);
+    color: var(--bs-emphasis-color, inherit);
+    font-weight: 600;
+    border-left-color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-header:hover {
+    background-color: var(--bs-secondary-bg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04));
+    color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-title {
+    flex: 1;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-chevron {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    opacity: 0.8;
+    margin-left: 0.35rem;
+    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-open .ec-section-chevron {
+    opacity: 1;
+}
+
+/* Animated expand/collapse: grid 0fr → 1fr */
+::deep .ec-section-collapse {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-rows: 0fr;
+    transition: grid-template-rows 0.25s ease-out;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-collapse-open {
+    grid-template-rows: 1fr;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-collapse-inner {
+    min-height: 0;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-body {
+    padding: 0.25rem 1rem 0.5rem 1rem;
+    padding-left: 1rem;
+    border-left: 2px solid var(--bs-border-color-translucent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075));
+    margin-left: 0;
+    min-width: 0;
+    overflow: visible;
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+/* Long paths/values wrap on small screens; badges stay inline */
+::deep .ec-section-body ul {
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-section-body li {
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+/* Field row: label + value + optional badge. Same structure for custom and default displays. */
+::deep .ec-field {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    align-items: baseline;
+    gap: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-label {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+/* Clickable label: open full option help on click (hover tooltip unchanged) */
+::deep .ec-field-label-help {
+    cursor: pointer;
+    text-decoration: underline;
+    text-decoration-style: dotted;
+    text-underline-offset: 2px;
+}
+::deep .ec-field-label-help:hover {
+    color: var(--bs-primary, #0d6efd);
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-value {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    align-items: center;
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    min-width: 0;
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+    gap: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* When a field is active: value + badges in one block so any click inside (checkbox, input, ok/cancel) doesn't deactivate */
+::deep .ec-field-value-when-editing {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.25rem;
+    min-width: 0;
+    max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+/* Edit wrapper (checkbox/input) shrinks to content */
+::deep .ec-field-edit-wrapper {
+    flex: 0 1 auto;
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    min-width: 0;
+    max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+/* Input/select in value area can shrink so the editable badge stays on the same line */
+::deep .ec-field-value > .form-control,
+::deep .ec-field-value > .form-select {
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+/* Multi-value: full width below label, indented ordered list. min-width: 0 so flex doesn't prevent wrapping. */
+::deep .ec-field-value-multi {
+    flex-basis: 100%;
+    min-width: 0;
+    padding-left: 1.25rem;
+    margin-top: 0.15rem;
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+/* Row-level ok/cancel (and revert) for multi-value: right-align on the row below the list */
+::deep .ec-field .ec-field-value-multi + .status-badge-inline {
+    margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-value-list {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding-left: 1.25rem;
+    list-style-type: decimal;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-value-list li {
+    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
+    min-width: 0;
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-value-list li:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* Long paths/URLs wrap; allow break anywhere so nothing is clipped */
+::deep .ec-field-value-item {
+    display: inline;
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+::deep .ec-field-value-sep {
+    margin-right: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* StatusBadge inside field rows: alignment; spacing comes from StatusBadge .status-badge-inline */
+::deep .ec-field .status-badge,
+::deep .ec-field-value-item .status-badge {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+/* Only when field is in edit mode: push ok/cancel/revert to end and allow them to wrap first on narrow widths */
+::deep .ec-field-value-when-editing > .status-badge-inline {
+    flex: 0 0 auto;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
+    ::deep .ec-field-value-when-editing > .status-badge-inline {
+        flex-basis: 100%;
+        margin-left: 0;
+        margin-top: 0.15rem;
+    }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
+    ::deep .ec-section-header {
+        padding-left: 0.75rem;
+        padding-right: 0.75rem;
+    }
+    ::deep .ec-section-body {
+        padding-left: 0.75rem;
+        padding-right: 0.75rem;
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Composition/EffectiveConfigSectionPanel.razor

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
-@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.EffectiveConfig
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
 
 <CascadingValue Value="DisplayMode">
     <div class="ec-section @(IsOpen ? "ec-section-open" : "")">
@@ -7,14 +8,18 @@
             <span class="ec-section-title fw-bold">@Title</span>
             <i class="bi @(IsOpen ? "bi-chevron-down" : "bi-chevron-right") ec-section-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></i>
         </button>
-        <div class="collapse @(IsOpen ? "show" : "")">
-            <div class="ec-section-body">
+        <div class="ec-section-collapse @(IsOpen ? "ec-section-collapse-open" : "")">
+            <div class="ec-section-collapse-inner">
+                <div class="ec-section-body">
                 <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0">
                     @foreach (var f in Descriptors)
                     {
-                        <EffectiveConfigFieldDisplay Descriptor="@f" />
+                        var fieldKey = $"{SectionId}:{f.OptionName}";
+                        <EffectiveConfigFieldDisplay Descriptor="@f" FieldKey="@fieldKey"
+                            IsEditMode="@IsEditMode" IsActive="@(ActiveFieldKey == fieldKey)" />
                     }
                 </ul>
+                </div>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -26,8 +31,10 @@
     [Parameter] public IReadOnlyList<EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor> Descriptors { get; set; } = null!;
     [Parameter] public bool IsOpen { get; set; }
     [Parameter] public EventCallback<string> OnToggle { get; set; }
-    /// <summary>Cascaded from EffectiveConfigSection. View = read-only; Edit = editable (future).</summary>
+    /// <summary>Cascaded from EffectiveConfigSection. View = read-only; Edit = editable.</summary>
     [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? ActiveFieldKey { get; set; }
 
     private async Task ToggleSection() => await OnToggle.InvokeAsync(SectionId);
 }

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Composition/EffectiveConfigToolbar.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+
+<div class="ec-toolbar @(IsEditMode ? "ec-edit-toolbar" : "")">
+    @if (ShowSearchBox)
+    {
+        <input type="search" id="ec-search-input" class="form-control form-control-sm ec-toolbar-search" placeholder="Search..." autocomplete="off"
+               value="@SearchTerm" @oninput="OnSearchInput" />
+    }
+    <div class="ec-toolbar-actions">
+        <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" @onclick="OnToggleExpandCollapse"
+                title="@(AllSectionsExpanded ? "Collapse all sections" : "Expand all sections")"
+                aria-label="@(AllSectionsExpanded ? "Collapse all sections" : "Expand all sections")">
+            <i class="bi @(AllSectionsExpanded ? "bi-arrows-collapse" : "bi-arrows-expand")" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+        </button>
+        @if (IsEditMode)
+        {
+            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" @onclick="OnOpenSaveModal" disabled="@(PendingChangesCount == 0)" title="Save changes to managed config" aria-label="Save">
+                <i class="bi bi-floppy-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+            </button>
+            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" @onclick="OnExitEditModeWithConfirm" title="Exit edit mode" aria-label="Exit edit mode">
+                <i class="bi bi-box-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+            </button>
+            @if (PendingChangesCount > 0)
+            {
+                <span class="text-muted small ec-toolbar-changes-link" role="button" tabindex="0"
+                      @onclick="OnOpenSaveModal"
+                      @onkeydown="OnChangesLinkKeyDown"
+                      title="Open save dialog"
+                      aria-label="Open save dialog">
+                    @PendingChangesCount change(s)
+                </span>
+            }
+            @if (ValidationErrorCount > 0 || ValidationWarningCount > 0)
+            {
+                <span class="small ec-toolbar-validation-count" aria-live="polite">
+                    @if (ValidationErrorCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        <span class="text-danger fw-medium ec-toolbar-changes-link" role="button" tabindex="0"
+                              title="@ValidationErrorTooltip"
+                              aria-label="Open save dialog"
+                              @onclick="OnOpenSaveModal"
+                              @onkeydown="OnValidationLinkKeyDown">
+                            @ValidationErrorCount error(s)
+                        </span>
+                    }
+                    @if (ValidationErrorCount > 0 && ValidationWarningCount > 0) { <span class="text-muted">·</span> }
+                    @if (ValidationWarningCount > 0)
+                    {
+                        <span class="text-warning ec-toolbar-changes-link" role="button" tabindex="0"
+                              title="@ValidationWarningTooltip"
+                              aria-label="Open save dialog"
+                              @onclick="OnOpenSaveModal"
+                              @onkeydown="OnValidationLinkKeyDown">
+                            @ValidationWarningCount warning(s)
+                        </span>
+                    }
+                </span>
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" @onclick="OnEnterEditMode" title="Edit effective config" aria-label="Edit">
+                <i class="bi bi-pencil" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+            </button>
+        }
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public bool ShowSearchBox { get; set; } = true;
+    [Parameter] public string SearchTerm { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<string> SearchTermChanged { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public int PendingChangesCount { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public IReadOnlyList<FieldIssue>? ValidationSummary { get; set; }
+    private int ValidationErrorCount => ValidationSummary?.Count(i => i.Severity == FieldIssueSeverity.Error) ?? 0;
+    private int ValidationWarningCount => ValidationSummary?.Count(i => i.Severity == FieldIssueSeverity.Warning) ?? 0;
+    private string ValidationErrorTooltip => ValidationSummary == null ? "" : string.Join("\n", ValidationSummary.Where(i => i.Severity == FieldIssueSeverity.Error).Select(i => i.Message));
+    private string ValidationWarningTooltip => ValidationSummary == null ? "" : string.Join("\n", ValidationSummary.Where(i => i.Severity == FieldIssueSeverity.Warning).Select(i => i.Message));
+    [Parameter] public bool AllSectionsExpanded { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnExpandAll { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnCollapseAll { get; set; }
+
+    private async Task OnToggleExpandCollapse()
+    {
+        if (AllSectionsExpanded)
+            await OnCollapseAll.InvokeAsync();
+        else
+            await OnExpandAll.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnEnterEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnExitEditModeWithConfirm { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnOpenSaveModal { get; set; }
+
+    private async Task OnSearchInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await SearchTermChanged.InvokeAsync(e.Value?.ToString() ?? "");
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnChangesLinkKeyDown(KeyboardEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (e.Key == "Enter" || e.Key == " ")
+            await OnOpenSaveModal.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnValidationLinkKeyDown(KeyboardEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (e.Key == "Enter" || e.Key == " ")
+            await OnOpenSaveModal.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/Do0x20EncodeDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* do-0x20-encode / no-0x20-encode: tri-state. Switch shows Enabled vs not-Enabled; uncheck maps back to Default when that was the value at activation, else Disabled. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    var isOn = GetState() == ExplicitToggleState.Enabled;
+    <div class="form-check form-switch ec-effective-switch">
+        <input type="checkbox"
+               class="form-check-input"
+               checked="@isOn"
+               aria-label="Enable @Descriptor.OptionName"
+               title="Set @Descriptor.OptionName"
+               @onchange="OnCheckedChange"
+               @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested" />
+    </div>
+}
+else
+{
+    @* Intentionally show both Default and Disabled as "Disabled" (product choice: collapse unset and off). Do not "fix" to show "Default" for unset. *@
+    @(GetState() == ExplicitToggleState.Enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+}
+
+@code {
+    private ExplicitToggleState _stateAtActivation;
+    private bool _wasActiveEditor;
+
+    private ExplicitToggleState GetState()
+    {
+        var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue();
+        if (v is ExplicitToggleState s) return s;
+        return ExplicitToggleState.Default;
+    }
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        if (!IsActiveEditor)
+            _stateAtActivation = GetState();
+        else if (!_wasActiveEditor)
+            _stateAtActivation = GetState();
+        _wasActiveEditor = IsActiveEditor;
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnCheckedChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var isChecked = e.Value is true;
+        if (isChecked)
+        {
+            await NotifyValueChanged(ExplicitToggleState.Enabled);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var pending = Session?.PendingChanges.FirstOrDefault(c =>
+            string.Equals(c.SectionId, Descriptor.SectionId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+            string.Equals(c.OptionName, Descriptor.OptionName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        if (pending?.OldValue is ExplicitToggleState previousState)
+        {
+            await NotifyValueChanged(previousState);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // No existing pending edit for this field: map unchecked based on the state at activation.
+        // Default and Disabled both display as "Disabled" in view mode, so we preserve true intent here.
+        await NotifyValueChanged(_stateAtActivation == ExplicitToggleState.Default ? ExplicitToggleState.Default : ExplicitToggleState.Disabled);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/FlagValueDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* Reusable value-only display for boolean/flag options. When active editor: switch (unless readonly); View: "Enabled" / "Disabled". Pending value shown until save. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    var isSet = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is bool b && b;
+    <div class="form-check form-switch ec-effective-switch">
+        <input type="checkbox"
+               class="form-check-input"
+               checked="@isSet"
+               aria-label="Enable @Descriptor.OptionName"
+               title="Set @Descriptor.OptionName"
+               @onchange="OnCheckedChange"
+               @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested" />
+    </div>
+}
+else
+{
+    @(GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is bool isSet && isSet ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+}
+
+@code {
+    private async Task OnCheckedChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await NotifyValueChanged(e.Value is true);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/IntegerValueDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* Value-only display for int? options. Pending value shown until save. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    var current = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is int i ? i : DefaultValue;
+    <input type="number" class="form-control form-control-sm" style="max-width: 8rem;"
+           min="@Min" max="@Max" value="@(current?.ToString() ?? "")" @oninput="OnInput" @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested" />
+}
+else
+{
+    var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is int n ? n : (int?)null;
+    if (v is null)
+    {
+        @("(not set)")
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @v
+        @if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ViewSuffix)) { <text> @ViewSuffix</text> }
+        @if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Unit)) { <text> @Unit</text> }
+    }
+}
+
+@code {
+    private EffectiveIntegerConfigFieldDescriptor? IntDescriptor => Descriptor as EffectiveIntegerConfigFieldDescriptor;
+    private string? ViewSuffix => IntDescriptor?.ViewSuffix;
+    private string? Unit => IntDescriptor?.Unit;
+    private int Min => IntDescriptor?.Min ?? 0;
+    private int Max => IntDescriptor?.Max ?? int.MaxValue;
+    private int? DefaultValue => IntDescriptor?.DefaultValue;
+
+    private async Task OnInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var raw = e.Value?.ToString();
+        object? value = null;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(raw))
+        {
+            value = null;
+        }
+        else if (int.TryParse(raw, out var num))
+        {
+            value = num;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            value = raw;
+        }
+        await NotifyValueChanged(value);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/KeyOnlyOrValueDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* Options that can be: not set, key-only (e.g. use-stale-cache), or key=value (e.g. use-stale-cache=60). Checkbox to enable; when enabled, optional value input. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    var isEnabled = _editorValue != null;
+    var valuePart = _editorValue is { Length: > 0 } ? _editorValue : "";
+    <div class="ec-key-only-or-value-editor">
+        <div class="form-check form-switch mb-0 ec-key-only-or-value-switch">
+            <input type="checkbox"
+                   class="form-check-input"
+                   checked="@isEnabled"
+                   aria-label="Enable @Descriptor.OptionName"
+                   title="Set @Descriptor.OptionName"
+                   @onchange="OnCheckedChange" />
+        </div>
+        @if (isEnabled)
+        {
+            <input type="text"
+                   class="form-control form-control-sm ec-key-only-or-value-input"
+                   placeholder="@(DnsmasqOptionPlaceholders.Get(Descriptor.OptionName) ?? "Optional value")"
+                   value="@valuePart"
+                   @oninput="OnValueInput" />
+        }
+    </div>
+}
+else
+{
+    var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string;
+    if (v is null)
+    {
+        @("(not set)")
+    }
+    else if (v.Length == 0)
+    {
+        @("Enabled")
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @v
+    }
+}
+
+@code {
+    private string? _editorValue;
+    private bool _wasActiveEditor;
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        var effective = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string;
+        if (!IsActiveEditor)
+        {
+            _editorValue = effective;
+        }
+        else if (!_wasActiveEditor)
+        {
+            _editorValue = effective;
+        }
+
+        _wasActiveEditor = IsActiveEditor;
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnCheckedChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var isChecked = e.Value switch
+        {
+            bool b => b,
+            string s when bool.TryParse(s, out var parsed) => parsed,
+            _ => false
+        };
+
+        _editorValue = isChecked ? "" : null;
+        await NotifyValueChanged(_editorValue);
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnValueInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var raw = e.Value?.ToString()?.Trim();
+        _editorValue = string.IsNullOrEmpty(raw) ? "" : raw;
+        await NotifyValueChanged(_editorValue);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/KeyOnlyOrValueDisplay.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.ec-key-only-or-value-editor {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    min-width: 0;
+    max-width: 100%;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ec-key-only-or-value-switch {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    flex: 0 0 auto;
+    min-height: 1.25rem;
+    padding-left: 0;
+}
+
+.ec-key-only-or-value-switch .form-check-input {
+    float: none;
+    margin: 0;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    position: relative;
+    top: 2px;
+}
+
+.ec-key-only-or-value-input {
+    flex: 1 1 7rem;
+    min-width: 0;
+    width: 7rem;
+    max-width: 9rem;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/LocalServiceDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* local-service: net | host. Pending value shown until save. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    <select class="form-select form-select-sm" style="max-width: 10rem;" value="@(GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string ?? "")" @onchange="OnChange" @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested">
+        <option value="">(not set)</option>
+        <option value="net">net</option>
+        <option value="host">host</option>
+    </select>
+}
+else
+{
+    var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string;
+    @(string.IsNullOrEmpty(v) ? "(not set)" : (v.Trim().ToLowerInvariant() is "net" or "host" ? v.Trim() : v))
+}
+
+@code {
+    private async Task OnChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var v = e.Value?.ToString()?.Trim();
+        var value = string.IsNullOrEmpty(v) ? null : (v == "net" || v == "host" ? v : null);
+        await NotifyValueChanged(value);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/LogQueriesDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* log-queries: optional value extra|proto|auth. View: Off / On / On (extra|proto|auth). When active editor: dropdown. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    <select class="form-select form-select-sm" style="max-width: 12rem;" value="@GetEditValue()" @onchange="OnChange" @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested">
+        <option value="">Off</option>
+        <option value="on">On</option>
+        <option value="extra">On (extra)</option>
+        <option value="proto">On (proto)</option>
+        <option value="auth">On (auth)</option>
+    </select>
+}
+else
+{
+    @GetViewText()
+}
+
+@code {
+    private string GetEditValue()
+    {
+        var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(v)) return "";
+        var lower = v.Trim().ToLowerInvariant();
+        if (lower is "extra" or "proto" or "auth") return lower;
+        return "on";
+    }
+
+    private string GetViewText()
+    {
+        var v = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() as string;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(v)) return "Off";
+        var lower = v.Trim().ToLowerInvariant();
+        return lower switch
+        {
+            "extra" => "On (extra)",
+            "proto" => "On (proto)",
+            "auth" => "On (auth)",
+            _ => "On"
+        };
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var sel = e.Value?.ToString()?.Trim().ToLowerInvariant();
+        string? newValue = sel switch
+        {
+            "" or "off" => null,
+            "on" => "",
+            "extra" => "extra",
+            "proto" => "proto",
+            "auth" => "auth",
+            _ => null
+        };
+        await NotifyValueChanged(newValue);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/CustomDisplays/PortValueDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig.CustomDisplays
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@inherits EffectiveConfigValueDisplayBase
+
+@* Value-only display for the port option. Pending value shown until save. *@
+@if (IsActiveEditor && Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly != true)
+{
+    var port = GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is int p ? p : 53;
+    <input type="number" class="form-control form-control-sm" style="max-width: 6rem;" min="1" max="65535" value="@port" @oninput="OnPortInput" @onfocusout="OnCommitRequested" />
+}
+else
+{
+    @(GetEffectiveDisplayValue() is int port ? $"{port} (default DNS port)" : "(not set)")
+}
+
+@code {
+    private async Task OnPortInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (int.TryParse(e.Value?.ToString(), out var port) && port >= 1 && port <= 65535)
+            await NotifyValueChanged(port);
+        else
+            await NotifyValueChanged(null);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigFieldDisplay.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Abstractions
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.UI.Notifications.Abstractions
+@inject IEffectiveConfigRenderFragmentRegistry RenderFragmentRegistry
+@inject INotificationService NotificationService
+
+@* Custom fragment renders only the value; we keep the row shell (label + value slot + badge) here for consistency. Pending value shown until save. *@
+@if (_customFragment is { } fragment)
+{
+    var labelTooltip = DnsmasqOptionTooltips.Get(Descriptor.OptionName);
+    var isReadonly = Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly == true;
+    var showEditableBadge = !isReadonly && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled;
+    var isActiveEditor = IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled;
+    var fragmentWithCallback = isActiveEditor ? _fragmentWithCallback : null;
+    var effectiveValue = _effectiveValue;
+    <li class="ec-field @(isActiveEditor ? "ec-field-editing" : "")" title="@(Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
+        <OptionHelpLabel AnchorId="@_anchorId" HelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" OptionLabel="@Descriptor.OptionName" Title="@(labelTooltip ?? Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())"><strong>@Descriptor.OptionName:</strong></OptionHelpLabel>
+        <span class="ec-field-value">
+            @if (isActiveEditor)
+            {
+                <div class="ec-field-value-when-editing" @onclick:stopPropagation="true">
+                    <div class="ec-field-edit-wrapper">
+                        <CascadingValue Value="@true">
+                            <CascadingValue Value="@(EventCallback.Factory.Create<FocusEventArgs>(this, OnBlur))">
+                                @((fragmentWithCallback ?? fragment)(Descriptor))
+                            </CascadingValue>
+                        </CascadingValue>
+                    </div>
+                    <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId" Source="@Descriptor.GetSource()" OptionName="@Descriptor.OptionName" Value="@effectiveValue" IsInteractive="@IsEditMode" ShowEditableBadge="@showEditableBadge" HasPendingChange="@_hasPendingChange" EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="@isActiveEditor" IsCapabilityDisabled="@Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason" OnConfirmRequested="@HandleConfirmEdit" OnCancelRequested="@HandleCancelEdit" OnRevertRequested="@HandleRevertEdit" />
+                </div>
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                <CascadingValue Value="@false">
+                    @fragment(Descriptor)
+                </CascadingValue>
+                <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId" Source="@Descriptor.GetSource()" OptionName="@Descriptor.OptionName" Value="@effectiveValue" IsInteractive="@IsEditMode" ShowEditableBadge="@showEditableBadge" HasPendingChange="@_hasPendingChange" EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="@isActiveEditor" IsCapabilityDisabled="@Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason" OnConfirmRequested="@HandleConfirmEdit" OnCancelRequested="@HandleCancelEdit" OnRevertRequested="@HandleRevertEdit" />
+            }
+        </span>
+    </li>
+}
+else if (Descriptor.IsMultiValue)
+{
+    var customMulti = RenderFragmentRegistry.BuildMultiFieldComponentFragment(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName, EventCallback.Factory.Create<IReadOnlyList<string>>(this, HandleMultiValueChanged));
+    if (customMulti is not null)
+    {
+        @* Custom multi editor (e.g. server): same row shell as generic multi, value slot uses custom fragment. *@
+        <li class="ec-field @(IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled ? "ec-field-editing" : "")">
+            <OptionHelpLabel AnchorId="@_anchorId" HelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" OptionLabel="@Descriptor.OptionName" Title="@(_labelTooltip ?? Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())"><strong>@Descriptor.OptionName:</strong></OptionHelpLabel>
+            <span class="ec-field-value">
+                <CascadingValue Value="@(IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)">
+                    <CascadingValue Value="@IsEditMode">
+                        @customMulti(Descriptor)
+                    </CascadingValue>
+                </CascadingValue>
+            </span>
+            <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId" Source="@_multiValueRowSource" OptionName="@Descriptor.OptionName" Value="@_multiValueItems"
+                IsInteractive="@(IsEditMode && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)" ShowEditableBadge="@(IsEditMode && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)" HasPendingChange="@_multiValueHasPendingOrDraft" EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="@(IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)"
+                IsCapabilityDisabled="@Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason"
+                OnConfirmRequested="@HandleConfirmEdit" OnCancelRequested="@HandleCancelEdit" OnRevertRequested="@HandleRevertEdit" />
+        </li>
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        @* Multi-value state is computed in OnParametersSet and in HandleMultiValueChanged; we only read cached fields here. *@
+        <EffectiveConfigMultiValueRow Descriptor="@Descriptor" Label="@Descriptor.OptionName" Items="@_multiValueItems" LabelTooltip="@_labelTooltip" OptionHelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" OptionHelpAnchorId="@_anchorId"
+            IsActiveEditor="@(IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)" IsEditMode="@IsEditMode" ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId"
+            Source="@_multiValueRowSource" ShowEditableBadge="@(IsEditMode && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled)" HasPendingChange="@_multiValueHasPendingOrDraft" FieldKey="@FieldKey"
+            ItemsChanged="@HandleMultiValueChanged" OnConfirmRequested="@HandleConfirmEdit" OnCancelRequested="@HandleCancelEdit" OnRevertRequested="@HandleRevertEdit" />
+    }
+}
+else
+{
+    var value = _effectiveValue;
+    var displayValue = value == null ? "(not set)" : (value is IReadOnlyList<string> list ? (list.Count == 0 ? "(none)" : string.Join(", ", list)) : value.ToString());
+    var editValue = value?.ToString() ?? "";
+    var isReadonly = Descriptor.GetSource()?.IsReadOnly == true;
+    var showReadonlyHint = IsEditMode && isReadonly;
+    var isActiveEditor = IsEditMode && IsActive && !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled;
+    var showEditableForDefault = !Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled;
+    @if (showReadonlyHint)
+    {
+        <li class="ec-field" title="@(Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
+            <EffectiveConfigOptionItem Label="@Descriptor.OptionName" DisplayValue="@(displayValue ?? "(not set)")" Source="@Descriptor.GetSource()" LabelTooltip="@_labelTooltip" OptionHelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" OptionHelpAnchorId="@_anchorId"
+                FieldKey="@FieldKey" ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId" RawValue="@value" HasPendingChange="@_hasPendingChange" />
+        </li>
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        <li class="ec-field @(isActiveEditor ? "ec-field-editing" : "")" title="@(Descriptor.GetSource()?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
+            <EffectiveConfigOptionItem Label="@Descriptor.OptionName" DisplayValue="@(displayValue ?? "(not set)")" Source="@Descriptor.GetSource()" LabelTooltip="@_labelTooltip" OptionHelpKey="@_optionHelpKey" OptionHelpAnchorId="@_anchorId"
+                EditValue="@editValue"
+                ShowEditableBadge="@showEditableForDefault" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActive="@IsActive"
+                ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId="@_readonlyBadgeAnchorId" RawValue="@value" HasPendingChange="@_hasPendingChange"
+                IsCapabilityDisabled="@Descriptor.IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor.CapabilityDisabledReason"
+                DisplayValueChanged="@HandleDefaultValueChanged" OnBlur="@HandleDefaultBlur" OnConfirmRequested="@HandleConfirmEdit" OnCancelRequested="@HandleCancelEdit" OnRevertRequested="@HandleRevertEdit" />
+        </li>
+    }
+}
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; set; } = null!;
+    [Parameter] public string FieldKey { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool IsActive { get; set; }
+    [CascadingParameter] public IEffectiveConfigEditSession? Session { get; set; }
+
+    private readonly string _anchorId = "ec-help-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")[..8];
+    private readonly string _readonlyBadgeAnchorId = "ec-readonly-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")[..8];
+    private RenderFragment<EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor>? _customFragment;
+    private RenderFragment<EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor>? _fragmentWithCallback;
+    private string? _labelTooltip;
+    private string? _optionHelpKey;
+    private object? _effectiveValue;
+    private bool _hasPendingChange;
+    private object? _valueAtActivation;
+    private object? _draftValue;
+    private bool _hasDraftValue;
+    private bool _wasActive;
+    private ExitAction _exitAction = ExitAction.None;
+
+    /// <summary>Cached for multi-value: items to pass to the row (with sources preserved for draft merge).</summary>
+    private IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? _multiValueItems;
+    /// <summary>Cached for multi-value: true when there is an uncommitted draft list.</summary>
+    private bool _multiValueHasDraft;
+    /// <summary>Cached for multi-value: row-level source for badge (readonly when all items readonly and not edit mode).</summary>
+    private ConfigValueSource? _multiValueRowSource;
+    /// <summary>Cached for multi-value: whether row should show ok/cancel (session pending or local draft).</summary>
+    private bool _multiValueHasPendingOrDraft;
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        _customFragment = RenderFragmentRegistry.BuildFieldComponentFragment(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName);
+        _fragmentWithCallback = RenderFragmentRegistry.BuildFieldComponentFragment(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName, EventCallback.Factory.Create<object?>(this, HandleValueChanged));
+        _labelTooltip = DnsmasqOptionTooltips.Get(Descriptor.OptionName);
+        _optionHelpKey = Descriptor.OptionName;
+        var pending = Session?.PendingChanges.FirstOrDefault(c =>
+            string.Equals(c.SectionId, Descriptor.SectionId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+            string.Equals(c.OptionName, Descriptor.OptionName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        var descriptorValue = Descriptor.IsMultiValue
+            ? (Descriptor.GetItems()?.Select(i => i.Value).ToList() ?? new List<string>())
+            : Descriptor.GetValue();
+        _hasPendingChange = pending != null;
+        _effectiveValue = pending != null ? pending.NewValue : descriptorValue;
+        if (Descriptor.IsMultiValue)
+            ComputeMultiValueState(Descriptor.GetItems(), pending?.NewValue as IReadOnlyList<string>, _draftValue as IReadOnlyList<string>);
+        if (!_wasActive && IsActive)
+        {
+            // Use pending.OldValue when present so "revert to original" clears the pending change (e.g. do-0x20-encode: Disabled → Enable → Disable).
+            _valueAtActivation = pending != null ? pending.OldValue : descriptorValue;
+            _hasDraftValue = false;
+            _draftValue = null;
+        }
+        if (_wasActive && !IsActive && _exitAction == ExitAction.None)
+            _ = InvokeAsync(CommitIfChangedAsync);
+        if (_wasActive && !IsActive)
+            _exitAction = ExitAction.None;
+        _wasActive = IsActive;
+    }
+
+    private void ComputeMultiValueState(IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? descriptorItems, IReadOnlyList<string>? pendingList, IReadOnlyList<string>? draftList)
+    {
+        var descriptorValues = descriptorItems?.Select(i => i.Value).ToList() ?? new List<string>();
+        _multiValueHasDraft = draftList != null && !ValuesEqual(descriptorValues, draftList);
+        if (_multiValueHasDraft && draftList != null)
+        {
+            _multiValueItems = BuildItemsWithSource(descriptorItems, draftList);
+        }
+        else if (_hasPendingChange && pendingList != null)
+        {
+            _multiValueItems = BuildItemsWithSource(descriptorItems, pendingList);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _multiValueItems = descriptorItems;
+        }
+        var allReadonly = _multiValueItems != null && _multiValueItems.Count > 0 && _multiValueItems.All(i => i.Source?.IsReadOnly == true);
+        _multiValueRowSource = allReadonly && !IsEditMode ? _multiValueItems?.FirstOrDefault()?.Source : null;
+        _multiValueHasPendingOrDraft = _hasPendingChange || _multiValueHasDraft;
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource> BuildItemsWithSource(IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? descriptorItems, IReadOnlyList<string> values)
+    {
+        var pool = descriptorItems?.ToList() ?? new List<ValueWithSource>();
+        var list = new List<ValueWithSource>(values.Count);
+        foreach (var s in values)
+        {
+            var idx = pool.FindIndex(x => string.Equals(x.Value, s, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+            if (idx >= 0)
+            {
+                list.Add(pool[idx]);
+                pool.RemoveAt(idx);
+            }
+            else
+                list.Add(new ValueWithSource(s, null));
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    private void HandleValueChanged(object? value)
+    {
+        _draftValue = value;
+        _hasDraftValue = true;
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnBlur(FocusEventArgs _)
+    {
+        if (!IsActive) return;
+        await CommitIfChangedAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task<bool> CommitIfChangedAsync()
+    {
+        var newValue = _hasDraftValue ? _draftValue : _effectiveValue;
+        if (IsDefaultSingleValueField)
+            newValue = NormalizeDefaultSingleCommitValue(newValue);
+        if (ValuesEqual(_valueAtActivation, newValue))
+        {
+            _draftValue = null;
+            _hasDraftValue = false;
+            if (_hasPendingChange && Ui?.RevertFieldAsync != null)
+                await Ui.RevertFieldAsync(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName);
+            return true;
+        }
+        var validationError = Descriptor.Validate(newValue);
+        if (validationError != null)
+        {
+            NotificationService.ShowError(validationError);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var source = Descriptor.GetSource();
+        object? valueToCommit = newValue;
+        if (newValue is IReadOnlyList<string> list)
+        {
+            var deduped = list.Distinct(StringComparer.Ordinal).ToList();
+            valueToCommit = deduped;
+        }
+        var args = new EffectiveConfigEditCommittedArgs(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName, _valueAtActivation, valueToCommit, source?.FilePath);
+        if (Ui != null)
+            await Ui.CommitFieldAsync(args);
+        _draftValue = null;
+        _hasDraftValue = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private bool IsDefaultSingleValueField =>
+        !Descriptor.IsMultiValue && _customFragment is null;
+
+    [CascadingParameter] private EffectiveConfigUiContext? Ui { get; set; }
+
+    private void HandleDefaultValueChanged(string value)
+    {
+        _draftValue = value;
+        _hasDraftValue = true;
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleDefaultBlur(string? value)
+    {
+        if (!IsActive) return;
+        _draftValue = NormalizeDefaultSingleCommitValue(value);
+        _hasDraftValue = true;
+        if (!await CommitIfChangedAsync() && Ui != null)
+            await Ui.ActivateFieldAsync(FieldKey);
+    }
+
+    private static object? NormalizeDefaultSingleCommitValue(object? value)
+    {
+        if (value is string s && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
+            return null;
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private void HandleMultiValueChanged(IReadOnlyList<string> values)
+    {
+        _draftValue = values.ToList();
+        _hasDraftValue = true;
+        if (Descriptor.IsMultiValue)
+            ComputeMultiValueState(Descriptor.GetItems(), _effectiveValue as IReadOnlyList<string>, _draftValue as IReadOnlyList<string>);
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleConfirmEdit()
+    {
+        if (!await CommitIfChangedAsync())
+            return;
+        _exitAction = ExitAction.Confirm;
+        if (Ui != null)
+            await Ui.DeactivateFieldAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleCancelEdit()
+    {
+        _draftValue = null;
+        _hasDraftValue = false;
+        _exitAction = ExitAction.Cancel;
+        if (Ui != null)
+            await Ui.DeactivateFieldAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task HandleRevertEdit()
+    {
+        _draftValue = null;
+        _hasDraftValue = false;
+        Session?.RevertChange(Descriptor.SectionId, Descriptor.OptionName);
+        _exitAction = ExitAction.Revert;
+        if (Ui != null)
+            await Ui.DeactivateFieldAsync();
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<string>? AsStringList(object? value)
+    {
+        return value as IReadOnlyList<string>;
+    }
+
+    private static bool ValuesEqual(object? oldValue, object? newValue)
+    {
+        var oldList = AsStringList(oldValue);
+        var newList = AsStringList(newValue);
+        if (oldList != null || newList != null)
+            return (oldList ?? Array.Empty<string>()).SequenceEqual(newList ?? Array.Empty<string>(), StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        return Equals(oldValue, newValue);
+    }
+
+    private enum ExitAction { None, Confirm, Cancel, Revert }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigMultiValueItem.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+
+<span class="ec-field-value-item" title="@(ReadonlyClickActivatesField ? ReadonlyTitleOverride : Source?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())">
+    @Value
+    <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId ?? "")" Source="@Source" OptionName="@OptionName" Value="@Value"
+                     IsInteractive="@(IsEditMode && !ReadonlyClickActivatesField && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId))"
+                     ShowEditableBadge="@(Source?.IsReadOnly != true)" EditableAsButton="true"
+                     FieldKey="@FieldKey" ReadonlyClickActivatesField="@ReadonlyClickActivatesField" ReadonlyTitleOverride="@ReadonlyTitleOverride" />
+</span>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string Value { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public ConfigValueSource? Source { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string OptionName { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? FieldKey { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool ReadonlyClickActivatesField { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? ReadonlyTitleOverride { get; set; }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigMultiValueListEditor.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.EffectiveConfig.Validation
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Services.UI.Notifications.Abstractions
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+@inject INotificationService NotificationService
+
+<div class="ec-field-value ec-field-value-multi ec-multi-list-editor" @onclick:stopPropagation="true">
+    <ol class="ec-field-value-list">
+        @if (_displayItems.Count > 0)
+        {
+            @for (var i = 0; i < _displayItems.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var item = _displayItems[i];
+                var anchorId = $"{ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase}-{i}";
+                var itemReadonly = item.Source?.IsReadOnly == true;
+                var rowIndex = i;
+                var rowValue = item.Value;
+
+                <li class="ec-multi-list-row @(_editingIndex == rowIndex && !itemReadonly ? "ec-multi-list-row-with-controls" : "")" @key="anchorId">
+                    @if (_editingIndex == rowIndex && !itemReadonly)
+                    {
+                        <div class="ec-multi-list-row-controls">
+                            <div class="ec-multi-list-input-group">
+                                <input class="form-control form-control-sm ec-multi-list-input"
+                                       placeholder="@(DnsmasqOptionPlaceholders.Get(OptionName) ?? "Value")"
+                                       @bind="_draftValue" @bind:event="oninput" />
+                            </div>
+                            <span class="status-badge-inline">
+                                <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.ActionOk" Text="save" Clickable="true"
+                                             Title="Apply change" AriaLabel="Apply change"
+                                             PreventBlurOnMouseDown="true" OnClick="@(() => SaveEdit(rowIndex))" Class="status-badge-inline" />
+                                <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.ActionCancel" Text="cancel" Clickable="true"
+                                             Title="Discard edit" AriaLabel="Cancel edit"
+                                             PreventBlurOnMouseDown="true" OnClick="CancelInline" Class="status-badge-inline" />
+                            </span>
+                        </div>
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        <span class="ec-field-value-item">@rowValue</span>
+
+                        <span class="status-badge-inline">
+                            <OptionStateBadge
+                                AnchorId="@anchorId"
+                                Source="@item.Source"
+                                OptionName="@OptionName"
+                                Value="@rowValue"
+                                IsInteractive="@IsEditMode"
+                                ShowEditableBadge="@(!itemReadonly)"
+                                EditableAsButton="@(!itemReadonly)"
+                                OnEditableClickRequested="@(!itemReadonly ? EventCallback.Factory.Create(this, () => { BeginEdit(rowIndex, rowValue); return Task.CompletedTask; }) : default)" />
+                            @if (!itemReadonly)
+                            {
+                                <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.ActionRevert" Text="remove" Clickable="true"
+                                             Title="Remove this value" AriaLabel="Remove"
+                                             PreventBlurOnMouseDown="true"
+                                             OnClick="@(() => RemoveAt(rowIndex))" Class="status-badge-inline" />
+                            }
+                        </span>
+                    }
+                </li>
+            }
+        }
+        else if (!AllowAddManagedValue)
+        {
+            <li class="ec-multi-list-row ec-multi-list-empty-hint">
+                <span class="text-muted">(none)</span>
+            </li>
+        }
+
+        @if (AllowAddManagedValue)
+        {
+            <li class="ec-multi-list-row ec-multi-list-add-item @(_addingNew ? "ec-multi-list-row-with-controls" : "")" @key="AddItemKey">
+                @if (_addingNew)
+                {
+                    <div class="ec-multi-list-row-controls">
+                        <div class="ec-multi-list-input-group">
+                            <input @ref="_addNewInputRef" class="form-control form-control-sm ec-multi-list-input"
+                                   placeholder="@(DnsmasqOptionPlaceholders.Get(OptionName) ?? "Value")"
+                                   @bind="_draftValue" @bind:event="oninput" />
+                        </div>
+                        <span class="status-badge-inline">
+                            <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.ActionOk" Text="add" Clickable="true"
+                                         Title="Add this value" AriaLabel="Add"
+                                         PreventBlurOnMouseDown="true" OnClick="SaveNew" Class="status-badge-inline" />
+                            <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.ActionCancel" Text="cancel" Clickable="true"
+                                         Title="Discard" AriaLabel="Cancel"
+                                         PreventBlurOnMouseDown="true" OnClick="CancelInline" Class="status-badge-inline" />
+                        </span>
+                    </div>
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    <StatusBadge Kind="StatusBadgeKind.Editable" Text="add item" Clickable="true"
+                                 Title="Add a new value" AriaLabel="Add item"
+                                 OnClick="BeginAdd" Class="status-badge-inline ec-multi-list-add-btn" />
+                }
+            </li>
+        }
+    </ol>
+</div>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? SourceItems { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string OptionName { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public string ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase { get; set; } = "";
+
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool AllowAddManagedValue { get; set; } = true;
+
+    [Parameter] public IMultiValueEditBehavior? Behavior { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public IMultiValueOptionValidator? Validator { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? FieldKey { get; set; }
+
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<IReadOnlyList<string>> OnValuesChanged { get; set; }
+
+    private const string AddItemKey = "add-item";
+    private static readonly TimeSpan ValidationToastDedupeWindow = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);
+
+    private int? _editingIndex;
+    private bool _addingNew;
+    private string _draftValue = "";
+    private bool _didAutoOpenAdd;
+    private bool _shouldFocusAddInput;
+    private ElementReference _addNewInputRef;
+    private string? _lastValidationErrorMessage;
+    private DateTime _lastValidationErrorUtc;
+
+    private List<ValueWithSource> _displayItems = new();
+    private IReadOnlyList<string> _currentValues => _displayItems.Select(x => x.Value).ToList();
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        _displayItems = (SourceItems ?? Array.Empty<ValueWithSource>()).ToList();
+
+        if (!_didAutoOpenAdd && (SourceItems?.Count ?? 0) == 0 && AllowAddManagedValue)
+        {
+            _didAutoOpenAdd = true;
+            _addingNew = true;
+            _shouldFocusAddInput = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
+    {
+        if (_shouldFocusAddInput && _addingNew)
+        {
+            _shouldFocusAddInput = false;
+            try
+            {
+                await _addNewInputRef.FocusAsync();
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Focus can fail if the element is not yet in the DOM (e.g. prerender)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void BeginEdit(int index, string current)
+    {
+        _addingNew = false;
+        _editingIndex = index;
+        _draftValue = current;
+    }
+
+    private void BeginAdd()
+    {
+        _editingIndex = null;
+        _addingNew = true;
+        _draftValue = "";
+        _shouldFocusAddInput = true;
+    }
+
+    private void CancelInline()
+    {
+        _editingIndex = null;
+        _addingNew = false;
+        _draftValue = "";
+        _lastValidationErrorMessage = null;
+    }
+
+    private void ShowValidationError(string message)
+    {
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        if (string.Equals(_lastValidationErrorMessage, message, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            (now - _lastValidationErrorUtc) < ValidationToastDedupeWindow)
+            return;
+        _lastValidationErrorMessage = message;
+        _lastValidationErrorUtc = now;
+        NotificationService.ShowError(message);
+    }
+
+    private async Task SaveEdit(int index)
+    {
+        var current = _currentValues;
+        var next = current.ToList();
+        if (index < 0 || index >= next.Count) return;
+
+        var raw = _draftValue ?? "";
+        var normalized = Behavior?.Normalize(raw) ?? raw.Trim();
+        if (normalized.Length == 0)
+        {
+            ShowValidationError("Value cannot be empty.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var validationError = Validator?.ValidateItem(normalized, current, index);
+        if (validationError != null)
+        {
+            ShowValidationError(validationError);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Behavior?.AllowDuplicates == false && next.Where((v, i) => i != index).Any(v => string.Equals(v, normalized, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
+        {
+            ShowValidationError("Duplicate values are not allowed.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        next[index] = normalized;
+        _displayItems[index] = _displayItems[index] with { Value = normalized };
+        await OnValuesChanged.InvokeAsync(next);
+        CancelInline();
+    }
+
+    private async Task SaveNew()
+    {
+        var raw = _draftValue ?? "";
+        var normalized = Behavior?.Normalize(raw) ?? raw.Trim();
+        if (normalized.Length == 0)
+        {
+            ShowValidationError("Value cannot be empty.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var current = _currentValues;
+        var validationError = Validator?.ValidateItem(normalized, current, null);
+        if (validationError != null)
+        {
+            ShowValidationError(validationError);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Behavior?.AllowDuplicates == false && current.Contains(normalized, StringComparer.Ordinal))
+        {
+            ShowValidationError("Duplicate values are not allowed.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var next = current.ToList();
+        next.Add(normalized);
+        _displayItems.Add(new ValueWithSource(normalized, null));
+        await OnValuesChanged.InvokeAsync(next);
+        CancelInline();
+    }
+
+    private async Task RemoveAt(int index)
+    {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= _displayItems.Count) return;
+        var item = _displayItems[index];
+        if (item?.Source?.IsReadOnly == true) return;
+
+        var next = _displayItems.Select(x => x.Value).ToList();
+        if (index < 0 || index >= next.Count) return;
+
+        next.RemoveAt(index);
+        _displayItems.RemoveAt(index);
+        await OnValuesChanged.InvokeAsync(next);
+        StateHasChanged();
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigMultiValueListEditor.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* Editor block: distinct from display mode (border + background) */
+.ec-multi-list-editor {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
+    margin-top: 0.25rem;
+    border: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+    border-radius: 0.375rem;
+    background-color: var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-editor .ec-field-value-list {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    min-height: 2rem;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row.ec-multi-list-row-with-controls {
+    align-items: flex-start;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row-controls {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: flex-start;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    flex-wrap: nowrap;
+    min-width: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-input-group {
+    display: flex;
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    min-width: 0;
+    max-width: 28rem;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-invalid-feedback {
+    margin-top: 0.25rem;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row .ec-field-value-item {
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row .status-badge-inline {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.25rem;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-row .form-control.ec-multi-list-input {
+    max-width: none;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-empty-hint {
+    list-style: none;
+    margin-left: -1.25rem;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-add-item {
+    list-style: none;
+    margin-left: -1.25rem;
+    margin-top: 0.25rem;
+    padding-top: 0.25rem;
+    border-top: 1px dashed var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+    flex-wrap: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-add-item .form-control.ec-multi-list-input {
+    min-width: 12rem;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-add-item .ec-multi-list-input-group {
+    max-width: none;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-add-item .status-badge-inline {
+    margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+.ec-multi-list-add-btn {
+    font-size: 0.875rem;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigMultiValueRow.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+
+<li class="ec-field">
+    <OptionHelpLabel AnchorId="@(OptionHelpAnchorId ?? "")" HelpKey="@OptionHelpKey" OptionLabel="@Label" Title="@LabelTooltip"><strong>@Label:</strong></OptionHelpLabel>
+    @if (IsActiveEditor)
+    {
+        <EffectiveConfigMultiValueListEditor
+            SourceItems="@(Items ?? Array.Empty<ValueWithSource>())"
+            OptionName="@Label"
+            ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase="@(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase ?? "")"
+            IsEditMode="@IsEditMode"
+            AllowAddManagedValue="@IsEditMode"
+            FieldKey="@FieldKey"
+            Behavior="@(_multiDesc?.Behavior)"
+            Validator="@(_multiDesc?.Validator)"
+            OnValuesChanged="@ItemsChanged" />
+        <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase ?? "")" Source="@Source" OptionName="@Label" Value="@Items"
+                         IsInteractive="@IsEditMode" ShowEditableBadge="@ShowEditableBadge" HasPendingChange="@HasPendingChange"
+                         EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="@IsActiveEditor"
+                         IsCapabilityDisabled="@(Descriptor?.IsCapabilityDisabled == true)" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor?.CapabilityDisabledReason"
+                         OnConfirmRequested="@OnConfirmRequested" OnCancelRequested="@OnCancelRequested" OnRevertRequested="@OnRevertRequested" />
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        <div class="ec-field-value ec-field-value-multi">
+            @if (Items?.Count > 0)
+            {
+                <ol class="ec-field-value-list">
+                    @foreach (var (item, index) in Items!.Select((item, index) => (item, index)))
+                    {
+                        var anchorId = ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase != null ? ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase + "-" + index : "";
+                        <li><EffectiveConfigMultiValueItem Value="@item.Value" Source="@item.Source" OptionName="@Label" IsEditMode="@IsEditMode" ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId="@anchorId" FieldKey="@FieldKey" ReadonlyClickActivatesField="true" ReadonlyTitleOverride="New values can still be added. Click to edit." /></li>
+                    }
+                </ol>
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                <span class="text-muted">(none)</span>
+                <OptionStateBadge OptionName="@Label" ShowEditableBadge="@(!(Descriptor?.IsCapabilityDisabled == true))" EditableAsButton="true"
+                    FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="false" IsInteractive="true" IsCapabilityDisabled="@(Descriptor?.IsCapabilityDisabled == true)" CapabilityDisabledReason="@Descriptor?.CapabilityDisabledReason" />
+            }
+        </div>
+    }
+</li>
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string Label { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public EffectiveConfigFieldDescriptor? Descriptor { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public IReadOnlyList<ValueWithSource>? Items { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<IReadOnlyList<string>> ItemsChanged { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? LabelTooltip { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? OptionHelpKey { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? OptionHelpAnchorId { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool IsActiveEditor { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool IsEditMode { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? ReadonlyBadgeAnchorIdBase { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public ConfigValueSource? Source { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool ShowEditableBadge { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool HasPendingChange { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string FieldKey { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnConfirmRequested { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnCancelRequested { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnRevertRequested { get; set; }
+
+    private EffectiveMultiValueConfigFieldDescriptor? _multiDesc => Descriptor as EffectiveMultiValueConfigFieldDescriptor;
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Fields/EffectiveConfigOptionItem.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Infrastructure.Helpers.Config
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Models.Dnsmasq.EffectiveConfig
+
+<OptionHelpLabel AnchorId="@(OptionHelpAnchorId ?? "")" HelpKey="@OptionHelpKey" OptionLabel="@Label" Title="@(LabelTooltip ?? Source?.GetReadOnlyTooltip())"><strong>@Label:</strong></OptionHelpLabel>
+@if (DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && IsActive && Source?.IsReadOnly != true && !IsCapabilityDisabled)
+{
+    <span class="ec-field-value" @onclick:stopPropagation="true">
+        <input type="text"
+               class="form-control form-control-sm"
+               placeholder="@(DnsmasqOptionPlaceholders.Get(Label) ?? "Value")"
+               value="@(_editValue ?? EditValue)"
+               @oninput="OnValueInput"
+               @onfocusout="OnInputBlur" />
+        <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId ?? "")" Source="@Source" OptionName="@Label" Value="@(RawValue ?? DisplayValue)" IsInteractive="@(DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId))" ShowEditableBadge="@ShowEditableBadge" HasPendingChange="@HasPendingChange" EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="true" IsCapabilityDisabled="@IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@CapabilityDisabledReason" OnConfirmRequested="@OnConfirmRequested" OnCancelRequested="@OnCancelRequested" OnRevertRequested="@OnRevertRequested" />
+    </span>
+}
+else
+{
+    <span class="ec-field-value">
+        @DisplayValue
+        <OptionStateBadge AnchorId="@(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId ?? "")" Source="@Source" OptionName="@Label" Value="@(RawValue ?? DisplayValue)" IsInteractive="@(DisplayMode == EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId))" ShowEditableBadge="@ShowEditableBadge" HasPendingChange="@HasPendingChange" EditableAsButton="true" FieldKey="@FieldKey" IsActiveEditor="false" IsCapabilityDisabled="@IsCapabilityDisabled" CapabilityDisabledReason="@CapabilityDisabledReason" OnConfirmRequested="@OnConfirmRequested" OnCancelRequested="@OnCancelRequested" OnRevertRequested="@OnRevertRequested" />
+    </span>
+}
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string Label { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public string DisplayValue { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public string EditValue { get; set; } = "";
+    [Parameter] public ConfigValueSource? Source { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>Optional explainer shown on hover over the label (e.g. from DnsmasqOptionTooltips).</summary>
+    [Parameter] public string? LabelTooltip { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? OptionHelpKey { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? OptionHelpAnchorId { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When set in edit mode, the readonly badge is rendered as a button with this id so the popover can anchor to it.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public string? ReadonlyBadgeAnchorId { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>Raw value for the readonly popover override line (e.g. from descriptor); falls back to DisplayValue.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public object? RawValue { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When true, show an 'editable' badge next to non-readonly fields; clicking it activates edit for this field.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public bool ShowEditableBadge { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When true, badge shows "pending" and warning style to indicate this field has an unsaved change.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public bool HasPendingChange { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>Field key for activation via context when editable badge is clicked.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public string FieldKey { get; set; } = "";
+    /// <summary>When true, add ec-field-editing class and show input when DisplayMode is Edit.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public bool IsActive { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When true, option is disabled because dnsmasq build does not support it; show disabled badge and no editor.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public bool IsCapabilityDisabled { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>Tooltip when <see cref="IsCapabilityDisabled"/> is true.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public string? CapabilityDisabledReason { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When Edit and not readonly: raised when the user changes the value. Not yet wired to save.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<string> DisplayValueChanged { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When Edit and not readonly: raised when the input loses focus; argument is the current value.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback<string?> OnBlur { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When user clicks OK; parent should commit and deactivate.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnConfirmRequested { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When user clicks Cancel; parent should clear draft and deactivate.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnCancelRequested { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>When user clicks Revert; parent should revert pending, clear draft, and deactivate.</summary>
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnRevertRequested { get; set; }
+    [CascadingParameter] public EffectiveConfigDisplayMode DisplayMode { get; set; } = EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.View;
+
+    private string? _editValue;
+
+    protected override void OnParametersSet()
+    {
+        if (DisplayMode != EffectiveConfigDisplayMode.Edit)
+            _editValue = null;
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnValueInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var value = e.Value?.ToString() ?? "";
+        _editValue = value;
+        await DisplayValueChanged.InvokeAsync(value);
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnInputBlur(FocusEventArgs _)
+    {
+        if (OnBlur.HasDelegate)
+            await OnBlur.InvokeAsync(_editValue ?? EditValue);
+    }
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Modals/ConfigOptionHelpModal.razor

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+@namespace DnsmasqWebUI.Components.EffectiveConfig
+@using DnsmasqWebUI.Extensions.DependencyInjection
+@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
+@using Microsoft.JSInterop
+@using System.Text.Json.Serialization
+@inject IHttpClientFactory HttpFactory
+@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
+@implements IAsyncDisposable
+
+@if (Visible)
+{
+    <div class="config-option-help-popover" id="@_popoverId" style="@_positionStyle" @onmouseenter="OnModalMouseEnter" @onmouseleave="OnModalMouseLeave">
+        <div class="config-option-help-popover-content">
+            <div class="config-option-help-popover-header">
+                <span class="config-option-help-popover-title">@Title</span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="config-option-help-popover-body">
+                @if (_loading)
+                {
+                    <p class="text-muted small mb-0">Loading…</p>
+                }
+                else if (_error != null)
+                {
+                    <p class="text-danger small mb-0">@_error</p>
+                }
+                else if (_helpHtml != null)
+                {
+                    <div class="option-help">@((MarkupString)_helpHtml)</div>
+                }
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+}
+
+@code {
+    [Parameter] public string? HelpKey { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string? AnchorId { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public bool Visible { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public string Title { get; set; } = "Option help";
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnClose { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnMouseEnterModal { get; set; }
+    [Parameter] public EventCallback OnMouseLeaveModal { get; set; }
+
+    private string? _helpHtml;
+    private string? _error;
+    private bool _loading;
+    private string? _lastKey;
+    private string _positionStyle = "";
+    private readonly string _popoverId = "config-option-help-popover-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")[..8];
+    private DotNetObjectReference<ConfigOptionHelpModal>? _dotNetRef;
+    private bool _scrollListenerAdded;
+    private bool _mouseOverModal;
+    private IJSObjectReference? _jsModule;
+    private bool _moduleLoaded;
+
+    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
+    {
+        if (firstRender)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _jsModule = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./js/config-option-help.js");
+                _moduleLoaded = true;
+            }
+            catch (InvalidOperationException) { /* prerender */ }
+            catch (JSDisconnectedException) { /* circuit disconnected */ }
+            catch (JSException) { /* import failed */ }
+        }
+
+        if (Visible && !_scrollListenerAdded && _moduleLoaded && _jsModule != null)
+        {
+            _scrollListenerAdded = true;
+            _dotNetRef = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
+            await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("addScrollCloseListener", _dotNetRef);
+        }
+        else if (!Visible && _scrollListenerAdded && _jsModule != null)
+        {
+            _scrollListenerAdded = false;
+            await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("removeScrollCloseListener");
+            _dotNetRef?.Dispose();
+            _dotNetRef = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [JSInvokable]
+    public async Task OnScrollClose()
+    {
+        await PositionUnderAnchorAsync();
+        StateHasChanged();
+        if (!_mouseOverModal)
+            await OnClose.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        if (_scrollListenerAdded && _jsModule != null)
+        {
+            _scrollListenerAdded = false;
+            await _jsModule.InvokeVoidAsyncSafe("removeScrollCloseListener");
+            _dotNetRef?.Dispose();
+            _dotNetRef = null;
+        }
+        await _jsModule.DisposeAsyncSafe();
+        _jsModule = null;
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnParametersSetAsync()
+    {
+        if (!Visible || string.IsNullOrEmpty(HelpKey))
+        {
+            _helpHtml = null;
+            _error = null;
+            _loading = false;
+            _positionStyle = "";
+            _mouseOverModal = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (HelpKey == _lastKey && _helpHtml != null)
+        {
+            await PositionUnderAnchorAsync();
+            return;
+        }
+        _lastKey = HelpKey;
+        _loading = true;
+        _error = null;
+        _helpHtml = null;
+        _positionStyle = "visibility: hidden;"; // avoid flash before position is set
+        StateHasChanged();
+
+        try
+        {
+            var http = HttpFactory.CreateClient(ServiceCollectionExtensions.DnsmasqApiClientName);
+            var response = await http.GetAsync($"option-help/{HelpKey}.html");
+            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+                _helpHtml = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
+            else
+                _error = "Help not available for this option.";
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            _error = "Could not load help.";
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _loading = false;
+            await PositionUnderAnchorAsync();
+            StateHasChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task PositionUnderAnchorAsync()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(AnchorId) || _jsModule == null) return;
+        var rect = await _jsModule.InvokeAsyncSafe<BoundingRect?>("getAnchorRect", AnchorId);
+        if (rect is { } r)
+        {
+            var gap = 4;
+            var topPx = r.Bottom + gap;
+            var leftPx = r.Left;
+            _positionStyle = $"position: fixed; top: {topPx}px; left: {leftPx}px; visibility: visible;";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _positionStyle = "visibility: visible;";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnModalMouseEnter()
+    {
+        _mouseOverModal = true;
+        await OnMouseEnterModal.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task OnModalMouseLeave()
+    {
+        _mouseOverModal = false;
+        await OnMouseLeaveModal.InvokeAsync();
+    }
+
+    private sealed record BoundingRect(
+        [property: JsonPropertyName("top")] double Top,
+        [property: JsonPropertyName("left")] double Left,
+        [property: JsonPropertyName("bottom")] double Bottom,
+        [property: JsonPropertyName("width")] double Width,
+        [property: JsonPropertyName("height")] double Height);
+}

src/DnsmasqWebUI/Components/EffectiveConfig/Modals/ConfigOptionHelpModal.razor.css

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* Popover anchored under the label (position set in code from anchor rect) */
+.config-option-help-popover {
+    position: fixed;
+    z-index: 1060;
+    max-width: min(420px, calc(100vw - 1rem));
+    max-height: min(70vh, 400px);
+    overflow: auto;
+    border: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6);
+    border-radius: 0.375rem;
+    box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
+    background: var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);
+}
+
+.config-option-help-popover-content {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.config-option-help-popover-header {
+    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color-translucent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075));
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.config-option-help-popover-title {
+    font-weight: 600;
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+}
+
+.config-option-help-popover-body {
+    padding: 0.75rem;
+    overflow: auto;
+    flex: 1;
+    min-height: 0;
+}
+
+/* Option help content: man-page fragments (dt/dd, b, p, a) */
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help dt {
+    font-weight: 600;
+    margin-top: 0.75rem;
+    font-size: 0.85rem;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help dt:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help dd {
+    margin-left: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+    padding-left: 0.75rem;
+    border-left: 2px solid var(--bs-border-color-translucent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1));
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help dd p {
+    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help dd p:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help b {
+    font-weight: 600;
+}
+.config-option-help-popover-body .option-help a {
+    color: var(--bs-link-color, #0d6efd);
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}