Add libnotify to setup-native (GitHub Actions)

Use libnotify for meshtasticd desktop notifications.

Add "HAS_LIBNOTIFY" macro to guard for builds where libnotify is expected.
This is not included in buildroot/openwrt builds. (no libnotify except when extra repos are added).

Install desktop icon in the correct location on Debian and Fedora packages.
Update dependencies in packaging and dockerfiles.

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
     libxcb-xkb-dev \
     libxkbcommon-dev \
     libinput-dev \
+    libnotify-dev \
     && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 RUN pipx install platformio

.github/actions/setup-native/action.yml

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ runs:
     - name: Install libs needed for native build
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get install -y libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev openssl libssl-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev
+        sudo apt-get install -y libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev openssl libssl-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev libnotify-dev

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -70,6 +70,70 @@ PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) messages have special handling:
 - Accepted on a special "PKI" channel
 - Allow encrypted DMs between nodes that discovered each other on downlink-enabled channels
 
+## Encryption & Key Management
+
+Meshtastic packets on the air are typically encrypted one of two ways: the **per-channel symmetric** layer (AES-CTR with a shared PSK) for broadcasts and channel traffic, and the **per-peer PKI** layer (X25519 ECDH → AES-256-CCM) for direct messages and remote admin. A channel with a 0-byte PSK (or Ham mode, which wipes PSKs) transmits cleartext — see the size table below. Both are implemented in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`; the send/receive dispatch lives in `src/mesh/Router.cpp`; admin authorization lives in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`.
+
+### High-level model
+
+- **Channels** are symmetric rooms: anyone with the PSK can read any message on the channel. Channel 0 is the "primary" channel and ships with the short-form default PSK on factory devices, forming the public mesh most users join. (The LoRa modem preset `LONG_FAST` lives on `config.lora.modem_preset` and is an independent field — don't conflate "channel 0 default PSK" with the modem preset name.)
+- **DMs** addressed to a single node require PKI so that other holders of the channel PSK can't read them. Outside Ham mode, Meshtastic does not fall back to channel-symmetric encryption when the destination public key is unknown.
+- **Remote admin** is a DM carrying an `AdminMessage`. The receiver only acts on it if the sender's public key is on its allowlist (`config.security.admin_key[0..2]`).
+- **Ham mode** (`owner.is_licensed=true`, where `owner` is the local `meshtastic_User` record) disables PKI entirely and sends cleartext — FCC Part 97 prohibits encryption on amateur bands.
+- **No ratchet, no session.** Every packet is encrypted from scratch — a stateless design that matches the high-loss, store-and-forward nature of LoRa.
+
+### Symmetric channel encryption (AES-CTR)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptPacket` / `decrypt` / `encryptAESCtr` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Cipher**: AES-CTR, AES-128 or AES-256 depending on key length. Same routine in both directions (CTR is a stream cipher, so encrypt == decrypt).
+- **Key**: `ChannelSettings.psk` bytes. Size semantics:
+  - **0 bytes** → no encryption, cleartext on the air
+  - **1 byte** → short-form index into the well-known `defaultpsk[]` in `src/mesh/Channels.h`. Index 0 = cleartext; 1 = defaultpsk unchanged; 2..255 = defaultpsk with its last byte incremented by (index − 1). This is what the CLI's `--ch-set psk default` produces.
+  - **16 bytes** → raw AES-128 key
+  - **32 bytes** → raw AES-256 key
+  - **2..15 bytes** → zero-padded to 16 and used as AES-128 (with a warn log); **17..31 bytes** → zero-padded to 32 and used as AES-256 (with a warn log). Defensive fallback for malformed PSK input, not something to rely on.
+- **Nonce (128 bit)**: `packet_id` (u64 LE) ‖ `from_node` (u32 LE) ‖ `block_counter` (u32, starts at 0). Built in `CryptoEngine::initNonce`.
+- **No AEAD**: channel packets carry no MAC, so the channel-hash byte is not an integrity or authenticity check. `Channels::getHash` is a 1-byte XOR-derived hint over the channel name bytes and PSK bytes that helps receivers pick a candidate channel/PSK for decryption. Because it is only a small hint and collisions are easy to find, it should be described purely as a PSK-selection aid, not as a security filter an attacker cannot bypass.
+- **Channel 0 is special in one way only**: it's the channel the Router attempts PKI decryption on before falling through to AES-CTR. Non-zero channels always go straight to AES-CTR.
+
+### PKI encryption for DMs (X25519 ECDH + AES-256-CCM)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptCurve25519` / `decryptCurve25519` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Keypair**: Curve25519 (aka X25519), 32-byte public + 32-byte private. Stored in `config.security.public_key` / `private_key`; the public half is mirrored into `owner.public_key` so it rides along in NodeInfo broadcasts and propagates through the mesh like any other identity field.
+- **Key generation** (`generateKeyPair`): stirs `HardwareRNG::fill()` (64 B from platform TRNG when available), the 16-byte `myNodeInfo.device_id`, and a call to `random()` into the rweather/Crypto library's software RNG, then `Curve25519::dh1`. `regeneratePublicKey` recomputes the public half from a known private (used when restoring from backup).
+- **Keygen entry points**: at boot, `NodeDB` calls `generateKeyPair` (or `regeneratePublicKey` when a stored private key is present and passes a low-entropy check) **directly** when `!owner.is_licensed` and `config.lora.region != UNSET`. `ensurePkiKeys` wraps the same logic for runtime/admin flows — it's the path `AdminModule::handleSetConfig` runs when first assigning a valid region or when security config is written; **do not assume it's the universal boot-time gate**, because the NodeDB path bypasses it.
+- **Handshake**: `Curve25519::dh2(local_private, remote_public) → 32-byte shared secret → SHA-256 → 32-byte AES-256 key`. Recomputed per packet. The SHA-256 step is effectively a KDF over the raw ECDH output.
+- **Cipher**: AES-256-CCM via `aes_ccm_ae` / `aes_ccm_ad` (`src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`). MAC length (the `M` parameter) is **8 bytes**. No AAD — the MAC covers ciphertext only.
+- **Nonce (13 bytes / 104 bit)**: `aes_ccm_ae`/`aes_ccm_ad` use a 13-byte CCM nonce (`L = 2` is hardcoded in `src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`), not a 16-byte nonce. For PKI packets, `CryptoEngine::initNonce(fromNode, packetNum, extraNonce)` starts from the usual packet-derived nonce material, then overwrites nonce bytes `4..7` with a fresh 32-bit `extraNonce = random()`. The effective nonce bytes are therefore: bytes `0..3` = `packet_id`, bytes `4..7` = transmitted `extraNonce`, bytes `8..11` = `from_node`, byte `12` = `0x00`. The receiver reconstructs the same 13-byte nonce from the packet metadata plus the appended `extraNonce`.
+- **Wire overhead**: 12 bytes appended to the ciphertext = 8-byte MAC ‖ 4-byte extraNonce. Defined as `MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD = 12` in `src/mesh/RadioInterface.h`. Only the 4-byte `extraNonce` is sent; the rest of the 13-byte CCM nonce is reconstructed from packet fields as described above. The Router's send path checks this overhead against `MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN` before committing to PKI.
+- **Send selection** (`Router::send`): the sender enters the PKI path when **all** hold — we're the originator AND not Ham mode AND not Portduino simradio AND not on the `serial`/`gpio` channels (unless the packet is already marked `pki_encrypted`) AND `config.security.private_key.size == 32` AND destination is a single node (not broadcast) AND the portnum isn't infrastructure. `TRACEROUTE_APP`, `NODEINFO_APP`, `ROUTING_APP`, and `POSITION_APP` are routed through channel encryption even when DMed (these need to be readable by relaying peers). Once on the PKI path, if the destination's public key isn't in our NodeDB the send **fails** with `PKI_SEND_FAIL_PUBLIC_KEY` — it does not silently fall back to channel encryption. If the client explicitly set `pki_encrypted=true` and any condition blocks PKI, the send fails with `PKI_FAILED`.
+- **Receive selection** (`Router::perhapsDecode`): try PKI decrypt first when `channel == 0` AND `isToUs(p)` AND not broadcast AND both peers have public keys in NodeDB AND `rawSize > MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`. On success the packet gets `pki_encrypted=true` stamped and the sender's public key copied into `p->public_key` for downstream authorization.
+
+### Remote admin authorization
+
+Implemented in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp` → `handleReceivedProtobuf`. The authorization check runs in this order:
+
+1. **Response messages** — if `messageIsResponse(r)` is true (the payload is a response to one of our earlier admin requests), it's accepted without any further check. The in-file comment flags this as a known-untightened gap: a stricter implementation would remember which `public_key` we last queried and reject responses that don't match.
+2. **Local admin** — `mp.from == 0` (phone app over BLE, serial CLI, internal module); never travels over the air. **Rejected** if `config.security.is_managed` is true, because managed devices expect admin to arrive over the air through an authorized remote path.
+3. **Legacy admin channel (deprecated)** — the packet arrived on a channel named literally `"admin"`. Gated by `config.security.admin_channel_enabled`; returns `NOT_AUTHORIZED` if the flag is false. Kept for backward compatibility; new deployments should use PKI admin.
+4. **PKI admin (preferred for remote)** — `mp.pki_encrypted == true` AND `mp.public_key` matches one of `config.security.admin_key[0..2]` (up to three authorized 32-byte Curve25519 public keys, typically copied from the admin node's own `user.public_key`).
+5. **Fallthrough** → `NOT_AUTHORIZED`.
+
+On top of authorization, any remote admin message that **mutates** state (not a request, not a response) also has to pass a session-key check (`checkPassKey`): the client must first pull a fresh 8-byte `session_passkey` via `get_admin_session_key_request`, then echo that passkey back in the mutating message. The device rotates the passkey after 150 s and rejects values older than 300 s — a narrow anti-replay window on top of the PKI layer.
+
+`config.security.is_managed = true` disables **local** admin writes (`mp.from == 0` is rejected). It does not by itself force every admin action through PKI — the legacy `"admin"` channel still authorizes remote admin when `config.security.admin_channel_enabled == true`. The AdminModule refuses to persist `is_managed=true` unless at least one `admin_key` is populated — a deliberate guard against operators locking themselves out.
+
+### Key-rotation hazards (actions that invalidate peers)
+
+- **`factory_reset_device`** (the "full" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset(eraseBleBonds=true)`) → **wipes** the X25519 private key; a fresh keypair is generated on the next region-set. Every existing peer holds the old public key, so DMs to this node silently fail PKI decrypt until every peer re-exchanges NodeInfo.
+- **`factory_reset_config`** (the "partial" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset()` with `eraseBleBonds=false`) → **preserves** the X25519 private key in `installDefaultConfig(preserveKey=true)`; the public key is zeroed and gets rebuilt from the preserved private key on the next boot via the NodeDB path's `regeneratePublicKey` call. Identity is preserved and the mesh does not need to re-exchange keys.
+- **`region=UNSET → valid region`** → `ensurePkiKeys` runs inside the same `handleSetConfig` path; missing keys get generated at that moment.
+- **Ham mode transitions** — entering Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`) runs `Channels::ensureLicensedOperation`, which **wipes every channel PSK** (all traffic becomes cleartext) and disables the legacy admin channel. The X25519 private key is preserved on the device but not used because `Router::send` skips PKI when `owner.is_licensed` is true. Leaving Ham mode re-enables PKI with the preserved keypair but does not restore the wiped channel PSKs — the operator has to re-set them.
+- **Channel 0 PSK change** → every peer must re-learn the channel hash; cached NodeInfo becomes temporarily unreachable until the next broadcast.
+- **`security.private_key` blanked via admin** → regenerates both halves (unless in Ham mode) and propagates the new public key via NodeInfo.
+
 ## Project Structure
 
 ```
@@ -80,7 +144,7 @@ firmware/
 │   │   ├── NodeDB.*       # Node database management
 │   │   ├── Router.*       # Packet routing
 │   │   ├── Channels.*     # Channel management
-│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CCM encryption
+│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CTR (channels) + X25519 ECDH→AES-256-CCM (PKI for DMs/admin)
 │   │   ├── *Interface.*   # Radio interface implementations
 │   │   ├── api/           # WiFi/Ethernet server APIs (ServerAPI, PacketAPI)
 │   │   ├── http/          # HTTP server (WebServer, ContentHandler)
@@ -296,6 +360,23 @@ Key defines in variant.h:
 
 ## Build System
 
+## Agent Tooling Baseline
+
+Mirror counterpart: `AGENTS.md` under **Agent Tooling Baseline**.
+
+To reduce avoidable agent mistakes, assume these tools are available (or install them before significant repo work):
+
+- **Required CLI basics**: `bash`, `git`, `find`, `grep`, `sed`, `awk`, `xargs`
+- **Strongly recommended**: `rg` (ripgrep) for fast file/text search, `jq` for JSON processing
+- **Build/test tools**: `python3`, `pip`, virtualenv (`python3 -m venv`), `platformio` (`pio`)
+- **Containerized native testing**: `docker` (especially important on macOS / non-Linux hosts)
+
+Fallback expectations for agents:
+
+- If `rg` is unavailable, use `find` + `grep` instead of failing.
+- For native tests on hosts without Linux deps, prefer `./bin/test-native-docker.sh`.
+- The simulator helper script is `./bin/test-simulator.sh`.
+
 Uses **PlatformIO** with custom scripts:
 
 - `bin/platformio-pre.py` - Pre-build script
@@ -448,6 +529,8 @@ Run with: `pio test -e native`
 
 Simulation testing: `bin/test-simulator.sh`
 
+Quick entry point for new test modules: `test/README.md` (native unit-test authoring guide, skeleton, pitfalls, and setup checklist).
+
 ### Hardware-in-the-loop tests (`mcp-server/tests/`)
 
 Separate pytest suite that exercises real USB-connected Meshtastic devices. See the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section below for invocation, tier layout, and agent usage rules.

.github/prompts/new-module.prompt.md

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ CallbackObserver<MyModule, const meshtastic::Status *> statusObserver =
 
 Add test suite in `test/test_mymodule/`:
 
-```
+```text
 test/
 └── test_mymodule/
     └── test_main.cpp

.github/prompts/new-variant.prompt.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Guide for adding a new Meshtastic hardware variant to the firmware.
 
 Create under `variants/<arch>/<name>/`:
 
-```
+```text
 variants/
 ├── esp32/          # ESP32
 ├── esp32s3/        # ESP32-S3

.github/workflows/build_one_target.yml

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV_GHA_7)
+      target:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
       arch:
         type: choice
         options:
+          - all
           - esp32
           - esp32s3
           - esp32c3
@@ -15,32 +20,18 @@ on:
           - rp2040
           - rp2350
           - stm32
-      target:
-        type: string
-        required: false
-        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
-      # find-target:
-      #   type: boolean
-      #   default: true
-      #   description: 'Find the available targets'
+        description: Choose an arch to limit the search, or 'all' to search all architectures.
+        default: all
 
 permissions: read-all
 
 jobs:
   find-targets:
-    if: ${{ inputs.target == '' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
+          - all
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -51,14 +42,37 @@ jobs:
       - run: pip install -U platformio
       - name: Generate matrix
         id: jsonStep
+        env:
+          BUILDTARGET: ${{ inputs.target }}
+          MATRIXARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
         run: |
           TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level extra)
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Arch: ${{matrix.arch}}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Targets:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) |.[] | "- " + .board' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          if [ "$BUILDTARGET" = "" ]; then
+            echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Arch: $MATRIXARCH" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "## 🎯 The following target boards are available to build:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) | sort_by(.platform) |.[] | "| " + .platform + " | " + .board + " |" ' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          else
+            echo "We build this one:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            ARCH=$(echo "$TARGETS" | jq --arg BUILDTARGET "$BUILDTARGET" -r '.[] | select(.board==$BUILDTARGET) | .platform')
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| $ARCH | "$BUILDTARGET" |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            if [[ "$ARCH" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "## ❌ Error: Target "$BUILDTARGET" not found!" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            else
+              echo "## ✅ Target "$BUILDTARGET" found, proceeding to build." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            fi
+            echo "You may need to refresh this page to make the built firmware appear below." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "arch=$ARCH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+    outputs:
+      arch: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.arch }}
 
   version:
     if: ${{ inputs.target != '' }}
@@ -78,12 +92,12 @@ jobs:
 
   build:
     if: ${{ inputs.target != '' && inputs.arch != 'native' }}
-    needs: [version]
+    needs: [version, find-targets]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
     with:
       version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
       pio_env: ${{ inputs.target }}
-      platform: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      platform: ${{ needs.find-targets.outputs.arch }}
 
   gather-artifacts:
     permissions:

AGENTS.md

@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ Three test-and-diagnose workflows exist as slash commands:
 
 Bodies live in `.claude/commands/` and `.github/prompts/` respectively. `.claude/commands/README.md` is the index.
 
+## Encryption at a glance
+
+Two layers, both in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`:
+
+- **Channel (symmetric)** — **AES-CTR** with a channel-wide PSK (AES-128 or AES-256). Nonce = packet_id ‖ from_node ‖ block_counter. No AEAD; integrity is soft (channel-hash filter). The well-known default PSK lives in `src/mesh/Channels.h`; a 1-byte PSK is a short-form index into it.
+- **Per-peer PKI** — **X25519 ECDH** (Curve25519, 32-byte keys) → SHA-256 → **AES-256-CCM** with an 8-byte MAC. Fresh 32-bit `extraNonce` per packet, sent in the clear alongside the MAC. 12-byte wire overhead (`MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`). Used for DMs. Also used for remote admin (`src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`), where AdminMessage authorization is gated by `config.security.admin_key[0..2]`. Disabled entirely in Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`).
+
+Key rotation to never trigger casually: only the **full** factory reset (`factory_reset_device`, `eraseBleBonds=true`) wipes `security.private_key` and regenerates the keypair — every peer holds the old public key, so DMs silently fail PKI decrypt until NodeInfo re-exchanges. The **partial** config reset (`factory_reset_config`) preserves the private key and doesn't invalidate peer relationships. Explicitly blanking `security.private_key` via admin also triggers regen. See the **Encryption & Key Management** section of `.github/copilot-instructions.md` for the full spec (nonce layout, send/receive selection logic including infrastructure-portnum exceptions, admin-key + session-passkey authorization, `is_managed` scope, key-rotation hazards).
+
 ## House rules
 
 - **No destructive device operations without operator approval.** `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `reboot`, `shutdown`, history-rewriting git ops — describe the action and stop. Operator authorizes.

Dockerfile

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
         curl wget g++ zip git ca-certificates pkg-config \
         libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
         libusb-1.0-0-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libssl-dev \
-        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev \
+        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev libnotify-dev \
     && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && pip install --no-cache-dir -U platformio \
     && mkdir /tmp/firmware
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ USER root
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get --no-install-recommends -y install \
         libc-bin libc6 libgpiod3 libyaml-cpp0.8 libi2c0 libuv1t64 libusb-1.0-0-dev \
         liborcania2.3 libulfius2.7t64 libssl3t64 \
-        libx11-6 libinput10 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libsdl2-2.0-0 \
+        libx11-6 libinput10 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libsdl2-2.0-0 libnotify4 \
     && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && mkdir -p /var/lib/meshtasticd \
     && mkdir -p /etc/meshtasticd/config.d \

Dockerfile.test

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
         g++ git ca-certificates pkg-config \
         libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
         libusb-1.0-0-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libssl-dev \
-        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev \
+        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev libnotify-dev \
     && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && pip install --no-cache-dir platformio==6.1.19 \
         && useradd --create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin meshtastic

alpine.Dockerfile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RUN apk --no-cache add \
         bash g++ libstdc++-dev linux-headers zip git ca-certificates libbsd-dev \
         libgpiod-dev yaml-cpp-dev bluez-dev \
         libusb-dev i2c-tools-dev libuv-dev openssl-dev pkgconf argp-standalone \
-        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev sqlite-dev sdl2-dev \
+        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev sqlite-dev sdl2-dev libnotify-dev \
     && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \
     && pip install --no-cache-dir -U platformio \
     && mkdir /tmp/firmware
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ USER root
 
 RUN apk --no-cache add \
         shadow libstdc++ libbsd libgpiod yaml-cpp libusb \
-        i2c-tools libuv libx11 libinput libxkbcommon sdl2 \
+        i2c-tools libuv libx11 libinput libxkbcommon sdl2 libnotify \
     && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \
     && mkdir -p /var/lib/meshtasticd \
     && mkdir -p /etc/meshtasticd/config.d \

bin/config.d/femtofox/femtofox_E80-900M2213S.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [HIGH, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HF: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_GNSS: [LOW, LOW, HIGH]
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0

bin/config.d/femtofox/femtofox_LR1121 generic.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins:
+    - DIO5
+    - DIO6
+  MODE_STBY:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_RX:
+    - HIGH
+    - LOW
+  MODE_TX:
+    - HIGH
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HP:
+    - LOW
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HF:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_GNSS:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_WIFI:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0

bin/config.d/femtofox/femtofox_WIO-LR1121.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  # MODE_TX_HF: []
+  # MODE_GNSS: []
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0

bin/config.d/lora-luckfox-pico-max-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-hat.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# For use with Armbian luckfox-pico-max
+# Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
+# https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LoRa-SX1262
+
+Meta:
+  name: luckfox-pico-max-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-hat
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-max # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  spidev: spidev0.0
+  Busy: # GPIO1_C7 / GP2
+    pin: 55
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 23
+  CS: # GPIO1_C6 / GP3
+    pin: 54
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 22
+  Reset: # GPIO1_D1 / GP15
+    pin: 57
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 25
+  IRQ: # GPIO2_A2 / GP20
+    pin: 66
+    gpiochip: 2
+    line: 2

debian/control

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13),
                libinput-dev,
                libxkbcommon-x11-dev,
                libsqlite3-dev,
-               libsdl2-dev
+               libsdl2-dev,
+               libnotify-dev
 Standards-Version: 4.6.2
 Homepage: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware
 Rules-Requires-Root: no

debian/meshtasticd.install

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ bin/meshtasticd.service            lib/systemd/system
 bin/meshtasticd-start.sh           usr/bin
 
 web/*                              usr/share/meshtasticd/web
+
+bin/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.svg usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps

meshtasticd.spec.rpkg

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ BuildRequires: pkgconfig(x11)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libinput)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(xkbcommon-x11)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(sdl2)
+BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libnotify)
 
 # libbsd is needed on older Fedora/RHEL to provide 'strlcpy'
 %if 0%{?fedora} >= 39 || 0%{?rhel} >= 10
@@ -112,6 +113,10 @@ cp -r web/* %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/meshtasticd/web
 # Install default SSL storage directory (for web)
 mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/meshtasticd/ssl
 
+# Install desktop icon
+mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps
+install -m 0644 bin/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.svg %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.svg
+
 %pre
 # create spi group (for udev rules)
 getent group spi > /dev/null || groupadd -r spi
@@ -171,6 +176,7 @@ fi
 %dir %{_datadir}/meshtasticd/web
 %{_datadir}/meshtasticd/web/*
 %dir %{_sysconfdir}/meshtasticd/ssl
+%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.svg
 
 %changelog
 %autochangelog

platformio.ini

@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERSTRESS=1 ; exclude power stress test module from main firmware
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GENERIC_THREAD_MODULE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERMON=1
-	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS=1
 	-D MAX_THREADS=40 ; As we've split modules, we have more threads to manage
-	-DLED_BUILTIN=-1
 	#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME ; set in platformio-custom.py now
 	#-D OLED_PL=1
 	#-D DEBUG_HEAP=1 ; uncomment to add free heap space / memory leak debugging logs
@@ -227,6 +225,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-sfa3x/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Sensirion I2C SCD30 packageName=sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=arduino-sht packageName=sensirion/arduino-sht
+	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-sht/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.6.zip
 
 ; Environmental sensors with BSEC2 (Bosch proprietary IAQ)
 [environmental_extra]

src/DisplayFormatters.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ const char *DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(meshtastic_Config_LoRaC
                                                          bool usePreset)
 {
 
-    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom"
+    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom" — callers such as RadioInterface and Channels
+    // rely on this being a stable literal for channel-name hashing and default-channel detection.
     if (!usePreset) {
         return "Custom";
     }

src/Power.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,22 @@
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #endif
 
+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && defined(BATTERY_PIN)
+#include "stm32yyxx_ll_adc.h"
+
+/* Analog read resolution */
+#if defined(LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#elif defined(LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#else
+#error "ADC resolution could not be defined!"
+#endif
+#define ADC_RANGE (1 << BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DEBUG_HEAP_MQTT) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
@@ -328,11 +344,17 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
             float scaled = 0;
 
             battery_adcEnable();
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ADC block for espressif platforms
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+            // STM32 ADC with VREFINT runtime calibration
+            Vref = __LL_ADC_CALC_VREFANALOG_VOLTAGE(analogRead(AVREF), LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            raw = analogRead(BATTERY_PIN);
+            scaled = __LL_ADC_CALC_DATA_TO_VOLTAGE(Vref, raw, LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ADC block for espressif platforms
             raw = espAdcRead();
             scaled = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw, adc_characs);
             scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
-#else // block for all other platforms
+#else                     // block for all other platforms
 #ifdef ARCH_NRF52
             concurrency::LockGuard saadcGuard(concurrency::nrf52SaadcLock);
 #endif
@@ -530,6 +552,11 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     bool initial_read_done = false;
     float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
     uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    // 3300mV placeholder for STM32 errata where VREFINT factory calibration may be missing
+    // (e.g. STM32U0, see DS14756 Rev 3 §2.4.1 "VREFINT offset")
+    uint32_t Vref = 3300;
+#endif
 
 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && defined(HAS_RAKPROT)
 
@@ -639,7 +666,9 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 10
 #endif
 
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
 
 #ifndef ADC_WIDTH // max resolution by default
     static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12;
@@ -649,7 +678,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1
     adc1_config_width(width);
     adc1_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
-#else // ADC2
+#else                        // ADC2
     adc2_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
     // ADC2 wifi bug workaround
@@ -679,7 +708,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 
     // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform
 
-#ifndef ARCH_ESP32
+#if !defined(ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
     analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
 #endif
 

src/RedirectablePrint.cpp

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
         if (color) {
             ::printf("\u001b[0m");
         }
-        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u.%03u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
         printf("%s ", logLevel);
         if (color) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
         if (color) {
             ::printf("\u001b[0m");
         }
-        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u ", millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u.%03u ", millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
         printf("%s ", logLevel);
         if (color) {

src/SerialConsole.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ SerialConsole *console;
 
 void consoleInit()
 {
+    if (console) {
+        return;
+    }
     auto sc = new SerialConsole(); // Must be dynamically allocated because we are now inheriting from thread
 
 #if defined(SERIAL_HAS_ON_RECEIVE)

src/configuration.h

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 // Configuration
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+// Pre-hop drop handling (compile-time flag).
+#ifndef MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+#define MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP 0
+#endif
+
 /// Convert a preprocessor name into a quoted string
 #define xstr(s) ystr(s)
 #define ystr(s) #s
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define BME_ADDR 0x76
 #define BME_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x77
 #define MCP9808_ADDR 0x18
-#define INA_ADDR 0x40
+#define INA_ADDR 0x40 // same as SHT2X
 #define INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x41
 #define INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS 0x43
 #define INA3221_ADDR 0x42
@@ -239,8 +244,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR 0x5C
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR_ALT 0x5D
 #define SFA30_ADDR 0x5D
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR 0x44
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT 0x45
+#define SHTXX_ADDR 0x44
+#define SHTXX_ADDR_ALT 0x45
 #define PMSA003I_ADDR 0x12
 #define QMA6100P_ADDR 0x12
 #define AHT10_ADDR 0x38
@@ -510,6 +515,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REMOTEHARDWARE 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STOREFORWARD 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TEXTMESSAGE 1
+#define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ATAK 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_CANNEDMESSAGES 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_NEIGHBORINFO 1

src/detect/ScanI2C.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class ScanI2C
         SHT31,
         SHT4X,
         SHTC3,
+        SHTXX,
         LPS22HB,
         QMC6310U,
         QMC6310N,

src/detect/ScanI2CTwoWire.cpp

@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ bool ScanI2CTwoWire::i2cCommandResponseLength(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress addr, uint1
     return match;
 }
 
-/// for SEN5X detection
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
+// FIXME Move to a separate file for detection of sensors that require more complex interactions?
+// For SEN5X detection
 // Note, this code needs to be called before setting the I2C bus speed
 // for the screen at high speed. The speed needs to be at 100kHz, otherwise
 // detection will not work
@@ -174,6 +176,46 @@ String readSEN5xProductName(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
 
     return String(productName);
 }
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+bool detectSHT21SerialNumber(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
+{
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFA);
+    i2cBus->write(0x0F);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)8) != 8)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 8) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFC);
+    i2cBus->write(0xC9);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)6) != 6)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 6) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    // Assume we detect the SHT21 if something came back from the request
+    return true;
+}
+#endif
 
 #define SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(ADDR, T, ...)                                                                                           \
     case ADDR:                                                                                                                   \
@@ -371,7 +413,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                 break;
 #endif
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
-            case INA_ADDR:
+            case INA_ADDR: // Same as SHT2X
             case INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE:
             case INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS:
                 registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
@@ -387,7 +429,12 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                         logFoundDevice("INA260", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                         type = INA260;
                     }
-                } else { // Assume INA219 if INA260 ID is not found
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+                } else if (detectSHT21SerialNumber(i2cBus, (uint8_t)addr.address)) {
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX (SHT2X)", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    type = SHTXX;
+#endif
+                } else { // Assume INA219 if none of the above ones are found
                     logFoundDevice("INA219", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                     type = INA219;
                 }
@@ -448,22 +495,19 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                     }
                     break;
                 }
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
+            case SHTXX_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
+            case SHTXX_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
                 if (getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0x7E), 2) == 0x5449) {
                     type = OPT3001;
                     logFoundDevice("OPT3001", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else if (i2cCommandResponseLength(addr, 0x89, 6)) { // SHT4x serial number (6 bytes inc. CRC)
-                    type = SHT4X;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT4X", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else {
-                    type = SHT31;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT31", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                } else { // SHTXX
+                    type = SHTXX;
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                 }
 
                 break;
 
-                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTC3, "SHTC3", (uint8_t)addr.address)
+                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTXX, "SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address)
             case RCWL9620_ADDR:
                 // get MAX30102 PARTID
                 registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFF), 1);
@@ -699,6 +743,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                     logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                     break;
                 } else {
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
                     String prod = "";
                     prod = readSEN5xProductName(i2cBus, addr.address);
                     if (prod.startsWith("SEN55")) {
@@ -714,6 +759,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                         logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN50", addr.address);
                         break;
                     }
+#endif
                     if (addr.address == BMX160_ADDR) {
                         type = BMX160;
                         logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);

src/gps/GPS.cpp

@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ static int32_t gpsSwitch()
     if (gps) {
         int currentState = digitalRead(PIN_GPS_SWITCH);
 
+        // Respect explicit NOT_PRESENT mode and do not let the hardware switch re-enable GPS.
+        if (config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            gps->disable();
+            lastState = currentState;
+            firstrun = false;
+            return 1000;
+        }
+
         // if the switch is set to zero, disable the GPS Thread
         if (firstrun)
             if (currentState == LOW)

src/graphics/Screen.cpp

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh-pb-constants.h"
 #include "mesh/Channels.h"
+#include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/deviceonly.pb.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
 #include "modules/TextMessageModule.h"
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ namespace graphics
 
 // This means the *visible* area (sh1106 can address 132, but shows 128 for example)
 #define IDLE_FRAMERATE 1 // in fps
+#define COMPASS_ACTIVE_FRAMERATE 20
 
 // DEBUG
 #define NUM_EXTRA_FRAMES 3 // text message and debug frame
@@ -135,6 +137,60 @@ static bool heartbeat = false;
 
 extern bool hasUnreadMessage;
 
+static inline float wrapHeading360(float heading)
+{
+    if (heading < 0.0f) {
+        heading += 360.0f;
+    } else if (heading >= 360.0f) {
+        heading -= 360.0f;
+    }
+    return heading;
+}
+
+void Screen::setHeading(float heading)
+{
+    const float wrappedHeading = wrapHeading360(heading);
+
+    if (!hasCompass) {
+        hasCompass = true;
+        compassHeading = wrappedHeading;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Interpolate using shortest-path angular delta to avoid jumps around 0/360.
+    float delta = wrappedHeading - compassHeading;
+    if (delta > 180.0f) {
+        delta -= 360.0f;
+    } else if (delta < -180.0f) {
+        delta += 360.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Adaptive filtering:
+    // - Strong damping for tiny deltas (jitter)
+    // - Faster response for larger turns
+    const float absDelta = (delta >= 0.0f) ? delta : -delta;
+    if (absDelta < 1.0f) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float alpha = 0.35f;
+    if (absDelta > 25.0f) {
+        alpha = 0.85f;
+    } else if (absDelta > 10.0f) {
+        alpha = 0.65f;
+    }
+
+    float step = delta * alpha;
+    const float maxStep = 12.0f;
+    if (step > maxStep) {
+        step = maxStep;
+    } else if (step < -maxStep) {
+        step = -maxStep;
+    }
+
+    compassHeading = wrapHeading360(compassHeading + step);
+}
+
 // ==============================
 // Overlay Alert Banner Renderer
 // ==============================
@@ -272,10 +328,25 @@ static void drawModuleFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int
 float Screen::estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
 {
     static double oldLat, oldLon;
-    static float b;
+    static float b = -1.0f;
+    static uint32_t lastHeadingAtMs = 0;
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    const uint32_t gpsUpdateIntervalSecs =
+        Default::getConfiguredOrDefault(config.position.gps_update_interval, default_gps_update_interval);
+    uint32_t effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs = gpsUpdateIntervalSecs;
+    if (config.position.position_broadcast_smart_enabled) {
+        const uint32_t smartMinIntervalSecs = Default::getConfiguredOrDefault(
+            config.position.broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs, default_broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs);
+        if (smartMinIntervalSecs > effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs) {
+            effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs = smartMinIntervalSecs;
+        }
+    }
+    // Two expected update windows; keep arithmetic 32-bit to avoid pulling in larger 64-bit helpers.
+    const uint32_t headingStaleMs =
+        (effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs > (UINT32_MAX / 2000U)) ? UINT32_MAX : (effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs * 2000U);
 
     if (oldLat == 0) {
-        // just prepare for next time
+        // Need at least two position points before we can infer heading.
         oldLat = lat;
         oldLon = lon;
 
@@ -283,12 +354,20 @@ float Screen::estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
     }
 
     float d = GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(oldLat, oldLon, lat, lon);
-    if (d < 10) // haven't moved enough, just keep current bearing
+    if (d < 10) { // haven't moved enough, keep previous heading (invalid until first real movement)
+        if (lastHeadingAtMs != 0 && (now - lastHeadingAtMs) >= headingStaleMs) {
+            // Heading is stale after prolonged no-movement; force reacquire.
+            b = -1.0f;
+            oldLat = lat;
+            oldLon = lon;
+        }
         return b;
+    }
 
     b = GeoCoord::bearing(oldLat, oldLon, lat, lon) * RAD_TO_DEG;
     oldLat = lat;
     oldLon = lon;
+    lastHeadingAtMs = now;
 
     return b;
 }
@@ -923,9 +1002,22 @@ int32_t Screen::runOnce()
     // but we should only call setTargetFPS when framestate changes, because
     // otherwise that breaks animations.
 
-    if (targetFramerate != IDLE_FRAMERATE && ui->getUiState()->frameState == FIXED) {
+    uint32_t desiredFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
+#if HAS_GPS && !defined(USE_EINK)
+    if (showingNormalScreen && hasCompass) {
+        const uint8_t currentFrame = ui->getUiState()->currentFrame;
+        if ((framesetInfo.positions.gps != 255 && currentFrame == framesetInfo.positions.gps) ||
+            (framesetInfo.positions.waypoint != 255 && currentFrame == framesetInfo.positions.waypoint) ||
+            (framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite != 255 && currentFrame >= framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite &&
+             currentFrame <= framesetInfo.positions.lastFavorite)) {
+            desiredFramerate = COMPASS_ACTIVE_FRAMERATE;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (targetFramerate != desiredFramerate && ui->getUiState()->frameState == FIXED) {
         // oldFrameState = ui->getUiState()->frameState;
-        targetFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
+        targetFramerate = desiredFramerate;
 
         ui->setTargetFPS(targetFramerate);
         forceDisplay();
@@ -1197,7 +1289,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
         for (size_t i = 0; i < nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes(); i++) {
             const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *n = nodeDB->getMeshNodeByIndex(i);
             if (n && n->num != nodeDB->getNodeNum() && n->is_favorite) {
-                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo);
+                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1226,7 +1318,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
     static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
     ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
 
-    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawNodeInfo to pick a new node (because our list just changed)
+    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawFavoriteNode to pick a new node (because our list just changed)
 
     // Focus on a specific frame, in the frame set we just created
     switch (focus) {

src/graphics/Screen.h

@@ -330,15 +330,11 @@ class Screen : public concurrency::OSThread
 
     // Function to allow the AccelerometerThread to set the heading if a sensor provides it
     // Mutex needed?
-    void setHeading(long _heading)
-    {
-        hasCompass = true;
-        compassHeading = fmod(_heading, 360);
-    }
+    void setHeading(float heading);
 
     bool hasHeading() { return hasCompass; }
 
-    long getHeading() { return compassHeading; }
+    float getHeading() { return compassHeading; }
 
     void setEndCalibration(uint32_t _endCalibrationAt) { endCalibrationAt = _endCalibrationAt; }
     uint32_t getEndCalibration() { return endCalibrationAt; }
@@ -792,4 +788,4 @@ extern std::vector<std::string> functionSymbol;
 extern std::string functionSymbolString;
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/TFTDisplay.cpp

@@ -1254,14 +1254,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
 
         // Did we find a pixel that needs updating on this row?
         if (x_FirstPixelUpdate < displayWidth) {
+            // Align the first pixel for update to an even number so the total alignment of
+            // the data will be at 32-bit boundary, which is required by GDMA SPI transfers.
+            x_FirstPixelUpdate &= ~1;
 
-            // Quickly write out the first changed pixel (saves another array lookup)
-            linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;
-            x_LastPixelUpdate = x_FirstPixelUpdate;
-
-            // Step 3: copy all remaining pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
-            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating
-            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1; x < displayWidth; x++) {
+            // Step 3a: copy rest of the pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
+            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating.
+            // Since the first changed pixel will be looked up, the x_LastPixelUpdate will be set.
+            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate; x < displayWidth; x++) {
                 isset = buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
                 linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;
 
@@ -1274,6 +1274,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
                     x_LastPixelUpdate = x;
                 }
             }
+            // Step 3b: Round up the last pixel to odd number to maintain 32-bit alignment for SPIs.
+            // Most displays will have even number of pixels in a row -- this will be in bounds
+            // of the displayWidth. (Hopefully odd displays will just ignore that extra pixel.)
+            x_LastPixelUpdate |= 1;
+            // Ensure the last pixel index does not exceed the display width.
+            if (x_LastPixelUpdate >= displayWidth) {
+                x_LastPixelUpdate = displayWidth - 1;
+            }
 #if defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
             tft->draw16bitBeRGBBitmap(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate],
                                       (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1);

src/graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #if HAS_SCREEN
 #include "CompassRenderer.h"
-#include "NodeDB.h"
-#include "UIRenderer.h"
-#include "configuration.h"
-#include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
 #include <cmath>
@@ -21,8 +17,8 @@ struct Point {
 
     void rotate(float angle)
     {
-        float cos_a = cos(angle);
-        float sin_a = sin(angle);
+        float cos_a = cosf(angle);
+        float sin_a = sinf(angle);
         float new_x = x * cos_a - y * sin_a;
         float new_y = x * sin_a + y * cos_a;
         x = new_x;
@@ -51,21 +47,30 @@ void drawCompassNorth(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY,
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
         radius += 4;
     }
-    Point north(0, -radius);
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-        north.rotate(-myHeading);
-    north.translate(compassX, compassY);
+    float northX = 0.0f;
+    float northY = -radius;
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING) {
+        const float c = cosf(-myHeading);
+        const float s = sinf(-myHeading);
+        const float rx = northX * c - northY * s;
+        const float ry = northX * s + northY * c;
+        northX = rx;
+        northY = ry;
+    }
+    northX += compassX;
+    northY += compassY;
 
     display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
     display->setColor(BLACK);
+    const int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N");
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
-        display->fillRect(north.x - 8, north.y - 1, display->getStringWidth("N") + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(northX - 8, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
     } else {
-        display->fillRect(north.x - 4, north.y - 1, display->getStringWidth("N") + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(northX - 4, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
     }
     display->setColor(WHITE);
-    display->drawString(north.x, north.y - 3, "N");
+    display->drawString(northX, northY - 3, "N");
 }
 
 void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, uint16_t compassDiam, float headingRadian)
@@ -113,11 +118,46 @@ void drawArrowToNode(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t size, f
     display->fillTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, right.x, right.y, tail.x, tail.y);
 }
 
-float estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
+bool getHeadingRadians(double lat, double lon, float &headingRadian)
 {
-    // Simple magnetic declination estimation
-    // This is a very basic implementation - the original might be more sophisticated
-    return 0.0f; // Return 0 for now, indicating no heading available
+    headingRadian = 0.0f;
+
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
+        return true;
+
+    if (!screen)
+        return false;
+
+    if (screen->hasHeading()) {
+        headingRadian = screen->getHeading() * DEG_TO_RAD;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const float estimatedHeadingDeg = screen->estimatedHeading(lat, lon);
+    if (!(estimatedHeadingDeg >= 0.0f))
+        return false;
+
+    headingRadian = estimatedHeadingDeg * DEG_TO_RAD;
+    return true;
+}
+
+float adjustBearingForCompassMode(float bearingRadian, float headingRadian)
+{
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+        return bearingRadian - headingRadian;
+
+    return bearingRadian;
+}
+
+float radiansToDegrees360(float angleRadian)
+{
+    constexpr float fullTurnDeg = 360.0f;
+    float degrees = angleRadian * RAD_TO_DEG;
+    if (degrees < 0.0f)
+        degrees += fullTurnDeg;
+    else if (degrees >= fullTurnDeg)
+        degrees -= fullTurnDeg;
+    return degrees;
 }
 
 uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight)
@@ -137,4 +177,4 @@ uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight)
 
 } // namespace CompassRenderer
 } // namespace graphics
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
-#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
 #include <OLEDDisplayUi.h>
 
@@ -25,7 +24,9 @@ void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, u
 void drawArrowToNode(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t size, float bearing);
 
 // Navigation and location functions
-float estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon);
+bool getHeadingRadians(double lat, double lon, float &headingRadian);
+float adjustBearingForCompassMode(float bearingRadian, float headingRadian);
+float radiansToDegrees360(float angleRadian);
 uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight);
 
 } // namespace CompassRenderer

src/graphics/draw/DebugRenderer.cpp

@@ -408,7 +408,16 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
     display->drawString(nameX, getTextPositions(display)[line++], device_role);
 
     // === Third Row: Radio Preset ===
-    auto mode = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset);
+    // For custom modem settings show the actual parameters; for presets use the preset name.
+    char modeStr[16];
+    if (!config.lora.use_preset) {
+        snprintf(modeStr, sizeof(modeStr), "BW%u-SF%u-CR%u", static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.bandwidth),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.spread_factor), static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.coding_rate));
+    } else {
+        strncpy(modeStr, DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, true),
+                sizeof(modeStr) - 1);
+        modeStr[sizeof(modeStr) - 1] = '\0';
+    }
 
     char regionradiopreset[25];
     const char *region = myRegion ? myRegion->name : NULL;
@@ -416,7 +425,7 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
         if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
             snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s", region);
         } else {
-            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, mode);
+            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, modeStr);
         }
     }
     textWidth = display->getStringWidth(regionradiopreset);

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/MeshTypes.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"
 #include "modules/AdminModule.h"
 #include "modules/CannedMessageModule.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -159,31 +161,22 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
                 return;
             }
 
+            // Guard: without a reboot, reconfigure() applies the region directly.
+            // Reject LORA_24 on sub-GHz-only hardware — getRadio() used to catch this post-reboot.
+            // TODO: change this to either use the validateLoraConfig() logic or at least check the region for wideLora
+            // rather than a hardcoded check for LORA_24.
+            if (selectedRegion == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24 &&
+                !(RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora())) {
+                LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; ignoring region selection");
+                return;
+            }
+
             config.lora.region = selectedRegion;
             auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
 
-        // FIXME: This should be a method consolidated with the same logic in the admin message as well
-        // This is needed as we wait til picking the LoRa region to generate keys for the first time.
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    // public key is derived from private, so this will always have the same result.
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
+            if (crypto) {
+                crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
             }
 #endif
             config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
@@ -199,7 +192,6 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
             }
 
             service->reloadConfig(changes);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
         });
 
     bannerOptions.durationMs = duration;
@@ -265,13 +257,24 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
     optionsEnumArray[options++] = 0;
 
     // Calculate number of channels (copied from RadioInterface::applyModemConfig())
+
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
     double bw = loraConfig.use_preset ? modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora)
                                       : bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
 
     uint32_t numChannels = 0;
     if (myRegion) {
-        numChannels = (uint32_t)floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000.0)));
+        // Match RadioInterface::applyModemConfig(): include padding, add spacing in numerator, and use round()
+        const double spacing = myRegion->profile->spacing;
+        const double padding = myRegion->profile->padding;
+        const double channelBandwidthMHz = bw / 1000.0;
+        const double numerator = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) + spacing;
+        const double denominator = spacing + (padding * 2) + channelBandwidthMHz;
+        if (denominator > 0.0) {
+            numChannels = static_cast<uint32_t>(round(numerator / denominator));
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid region configuration: non-positive channel spacing/width");
+        }
     } else {
         LOG_WARN("Region not set, cannot calculate number of channels");
         return;
@@ -307,7 +310,6 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
 
         config.lora.channel_num = selected;
         service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-        rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
     };
 
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -346,7 +348,6 @@ void menuHandler::radioPresetPicker()
             config.lora.channel_num = 0;        // Reset to default channel for the preset
             config.lora.override_frequency = 0; // Clear any custom frequency
             service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
         });
 
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);

src/graphics/draw/NodeListRenderer.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "CompassRenderer.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h" // for getTime() function
@@ -92,8 +95,41 @@ std::string getSafeNodeName(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node,
 
     // 1) Choose target candidate (long vs short) only if present
     const char *raw = nullptr;
-    if (node && node->has_user) {
-        raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // If long-name mode is enabled, and we have a recent status for this node,
+    // prefer "(short_name) statusText" as the raw candidate.
+    std::string composedFromStatus;
+    if (config.display.use_long_node_name && node && node->has_user && statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            const char *shortName = node->user.short_name;
+            composedFromStatus.reserve(4 + (shortName ? std::strlen(shortName) : 0) + 1 + found->statusText.size());
+            composedFromStatus += "(";
+            if (shortName && *shortName) {
+                composedFromStatus += shortName;
+            }
+            composedFromStatus += ") ";
+            composedFromStatus += found->statusText;
+
+            raw = composedFromStatus.c_str(); // safe for now; we'll sanitize immediately into std::string
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // If we didn't compose from status, use normal long/short selection
+    if (!raw) {
+        if (node && node->has_user) {
+            raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+        }
     }
 
     // 2) Preserve UTF-8 names so emotes can be detected and rendered.
@@ -373,14 +409,13 @@ void drawNodeDistance(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
         }
     }
 
-    if (strlen(distStr) > 0) {
-        int offset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High)
-                         ? (isLeftCol ? 7 : 10) // Offset for Wide Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
-                         : (isLeftCol ? 4 : 7); // Offset for Narrow Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
-        int rightEdge = x + columnWidth - offset;
-        int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(distStr);
-        display->drawString(rightEdge - textWidth, y, distStr);
-    }
+    const char *distanceLabel = (strlen(distStr) > 0) ? distStr : "?";
+    int offset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High)
+                     ? (isLeftCol ? 7 : 10) // Offset for Wide Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
+                     : (isLeftCol ? 4 : 7); // Offset for Narrow Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
+    int rightEdge = x + columnWidth - offset;
+    int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(distanceLabel);
+    display->drawString(rightEdge - textWidth, y, distanceLabel);
 }
 
 void drawEntryDynamic_Nodes(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth)
@@ -431,8 +466,8 @@ void drawEntryCompass(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
     }
 }
 
-void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float myHeading,
-                      double userLat, double userLon)
+void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth,
+                      float myHeadingRadian, double userLat, double userLon)
 {
     if (!nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node))
         return;
@@ -446,11 +481,11 @@ void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
     double nodeLat = node->position.latitude_i * 1e-7;
     double nodeLon = node->position.longitude_i * 1e-7;
     float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(userLat, userLon, nodeLat, nodeLon);
-    float bearingToNode = RAD_TO_DEG * bearing;
-    float relativeBearing = fmod((bearingToNode - myHeading + 360), 360);
+    float relativeBearing = CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearing, myHeadingRadian);
+    float relativeBearingDeg = CompassRenderer::radiansToDegrees360(relativeBearing);
     // Shrink size by 2px
     int size = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 5;
-    CompassRenderer::drawArrowToNode(display, centerX, centerY, size, relativeBearing);
+    CompassRenderer::drawArrowToNode(display, centerX, centerY, size, relativeBearingDeg);
     /*
     float angle = relativeBearing * DEG_TO_RAD;
     float halfSize = size / 2.0;
@@ -480,12 +515,27 @@ void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
     */
 }
 
+void drawCompassUnknown(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float, double,
+                        double)
+{
+    if (!nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node))
+        return;
+
+    bool isLeftCol = (x < SCREEN_WIDTH / 2);
+    int arrowXOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? (isLeftCol ? 22 : 24) : (isLeftCol ? 12 : 18);
+    int centerX = x + columnWidth - arrowXOffset;
+
+    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+    display->drawString(centerX, y, "?");
+}
+
 // =============================
 // Main Screen Functions
 // =============================
 
 void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *title,
-                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras, float heading, double lat, double lon)
+                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras, float headingRadian, double lat, double lon)
 {
     const int COMMON_HEADER_HEIGHT = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1;
     const int rowYOffset = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 3;
@@ -570,7 +620,7 @@ void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t
         renderer(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth);
 
         if (extras)
-            extras(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth, heading, lat, lon);
+            extras(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth, headingRadian, lat, lon);
 
         lastNodeY = max(lastNodeY, yPos + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL);
         yOffset += rowYOffset;
@@ -765,9 +815,13 @@ void drawDistanceScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t
 #endif
 void drawNodeListWithCompasses(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
-    float heading = 0;
-    bool validHeading = false;
+    float headingRadian = 0.0f;
     auto ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
+    if (!ourNode || !nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode)) {
+        drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassUnknown, headingRadian, 0.0, 0.0);
+        return;
+    }
+
     double lat = DegD(ourNode->position.latitude_i);
     double lon = DegD(ourNode->position.longitude_i);
 
@@ -779,21 +833,12 @@ void drawNodeListWithCompasses(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,
         lastSwitchTime = now;
     }
 #endif
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-#if HAS_GPS
-        if (screen->hasHeading()) {
-            heading = screen->getHeading(); // degrees
-            validHeading = true;
-        } else {
-            heading = screen->estimatedHeading(lat, lon);
-            validHeading = !isnan(heading);
-        }
-#endif
-
-        if (!validHeading)
-            return;
+    if (!CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(lat, lon, headingRadian)) {
+        drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassUnknown, headingRadian, lat, lon);
+        return;
     }
-    drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassArrow, heading, lat, lon);
+
+    drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassArrow, headingRadian, lat, lon);
 }
 
 /// Draw a series of fields in a column, wrapping to multiple columns if needed

src/graphics/draw/NodeListRenderer.h

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ enum ListMode_Location { MODE_DISTANCE = 0, MODE_BEARING = 1, MODE_COUNT_LOCATIO
 
 // Main node list screen function
 void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *title,
-                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras = nullptr, float heading = 0, double lat = 0,
+                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras = nullptr, float headingRadian = 0, double lat = 0,
                         double lon = 0);
 
 // Entry renderers
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ void drawEntryDynamic_Nodes(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node,
 void drawEntryCompass(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth);
 
 // Extras renderers
-void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float myHeading,
-                      double userLat, double userLon);
+void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth,
+                      float myHeadingRadian, double userLat, double userLon);
 
 // Screen frame functions
 void drawLastHeardScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);

src/graphics/draw/UIRenderer.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "airtime.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
@@ -38,6 +41,15 @@ static inline void drawSatelliteIcon(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y)
     }
 }
 
+static void drawCompassStatusText(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, const char *statusLine1,
+                                  const char *statusLine2)
+{
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+    display->drawString(compassX, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, statusLine1);
+    display->drawString(compassX, compassY, statusLine2);
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
+}
+
 void graphics::UIRenderer::rebuildFavoritedNodes()
 {
     favoritedNodes.clear();
@@ -290,7 +302,7 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodes(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const mes
 // * Favorite Node Info *
 // **********************
 // cppcheck-suppress constParameterPointer; signature must match FrameCallback typedef from OLEDDisplayUi library
-void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
+void UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
     if (favoritedNodes.empty())
         return;
@@ -342,6 +354,57 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
         UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], username, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, false);
     }
 
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // === Optional: Last received StatusMessage line for this node ===
+    // Display it directly under the username line (if we have one).
+    if (statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+
+        // Search newest-to-oldest
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            std::string statusLine = std::string(" Status: ") + found->statusText;
+            {
+                const int screenW = display->getWidth();
+                const int ellipseW = display->getStringWidth("...");
+                int w = display->getStringWidth(statusLine.c_str());
+
+                // Only do work if it overflows
+                if (w > screenW) {
+                    bool truncated = false;
+                    if (ellipseW > screenW) {
+                        statusLine.clear();
+                    } else {
+                        while (!statusLine.empty()) {
+                            // remove one char (byte) at a time
+                            statusLine.pop_back();
+                            truncated = true;
+
+                            // Measure candidate with ellipsis appended
+                            std::string candidate = statusLine + "...";
+                            if (display->getStringWidth(candidate.c_str()) <= screenW) {
+                                statusLine = std::move(candidate);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (statusLine.empty() && ellipseW <= screenW) {
+                            statusLine = "...";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], statusLine.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
     // === 2. Signal and Hops (combined on one line, if available) ===
     char signalHopsStr[32] = "";
     bool haveSignal = false;
@@ -638,51 +701,54 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
         display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], batLine);
     }
 
+    bool showCompass = false;
+    float myHeading = 0.0f;
+    float bearing = 0.0f;
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const bool hasNodePositionFix = nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node);
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;
+    if (hasOwnPositionFix && hasNodePositionFix) {
+        const auto &op = ourNode->position;
+        showCompass = CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), myHeading);
+        if (showCompass) {
+            const auto &p = node->position;
+            bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
+            bearing = CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearing, myHeading);
+        } else {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
+        }
+    } else if (!hasOwnPositionFix || !hasNodePositionFix) {
+        statusLine1 = "No";
+        statusLine2 = "Fix";
+    }
+
     // --- Compass Rendering: landscape (wide) screens use the original side-aligned logic ---
     if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
-        bool showCompass = false;
-        if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading()) && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node)) {
-            showCompass = true;
-        }
-        if (showCompass) {
+        if (showCompass || statusLine1) {
             const int16_t topY = getTextPositions(display)[1];
             const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
             const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;
             int16_t compassRadius = usableHeight / 2;
             if (compassRadius < 8)
                 compassRadius = 8;
-            const int16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;
             const int16_t compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH - compassRadius - 8;
             const int16_t compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;
-
-            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
-            float myHeading = screen->hasHeading() ? screen->getHeading() * PI / 180
-                                                   : screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-
-            const auto &p = node->position;
-            /* unused
-            float d =
-                GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            */
-            float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-                myHeading = 0;
-            } else {
-                bearing -= myHeading;
-            }
+            const int16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;
 
             display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
-            CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearing);
+            if (showCompass) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearing);
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
         }
         // else show nothing
     } else {
         // Portrait or square: put compass at the bottom and centered, scaled to fit available space
-        bool showCompass = false;
-        if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading()) && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node)) {
-            showCompass = true;
-        }
-        if (showCompass) {
+        if (showCompass || statusLine1) {
             int yBelowContent = (line > 0 && line <= 5) ? (getTextPositions(display)[line - 1] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2)
                                                         : getTextPositions(display)[1];
             const int margin = 4;
@@ -693,8 +759,8 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
 #else
             const int navBarHeight = 0;
 #endif
-            int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;
             // --------- END PATCH FOR EINK NAV BAR -----------
+            int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;
 
             if (availableHeight < FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL * 2)
                 return;
@@ -708,25 +774,13 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
             int compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
             int compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;
 
-            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
-            float myHeading = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-                myHeading = screen->hasHeading() ? screen->getHeading() * PI / 180
-                                                 : screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            }
-            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
-
-            const auto &p = node->position;
-            /* unused
-            float d =
-                GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            */
-            float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
-                bearing -= myHeading;
-            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, bearing);
-
             display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (showCompass) {
+                graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+                graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, bearing);
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
         }
         // else show nothing
     }
@@ -1162,6 +1216,7 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
 
     // === Header ===
     graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
+    const int *textPos = getTextPositions(display);
 
     // === First Row: My Location ===
 #if HAS_GPS
@@ -1176,12 +1231,12 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
         } else {
             displayLine = config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT ? "No GPS" : "GPS off";
         }
-        drawSatelliteIcon(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line]);
+        drawSatelliteIcon(display, x, textPos[line]);
         int xOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 6 : 0;
-        display->drawString(x + 11 + xOffset, getTextPositions(display)[line++], displayLine);
+        display->drawString(x + 11 + xOffset, textPos[line++], displayLine);
     } else {
         // Onboard GPS
-        UIRenderer::drawGps(display, 0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus);
+        UIRenderer::drawGps(display, 0, textPos[line++], gpsStatus);
     }
 
     config.display.heading_bold = origBold;
@@ -1190,18 +1245,36 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
     geoCoord.updateCoords(int32_t(gpsStatus->getLatitude()), int32_t(gpsStatus->getLongitude()),
                           int32_t(gpsStatus->getAltitude()));
 
-    // === Determine Compass Heading ===
-    float heading = 0;
+    meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const bool hasLiveGpsFix =
+        (gpsStatus && gpsStatus->getHasLock() && (gpsStatus->getLatitude() != 0 || gpsStatus->getLongitude() != 0));
+    const bool hasSensorHeading = screen->hasHeading();
+    float heading = 0.0f;
     bool validHeading = false;
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-        validHeading = true;
-    } else {
-        if (screen->hasHeading()) {
-            heading = radians(screen->getHeading());
-            validHeading = true;
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;
+    if (hasSensorHeading || hasLiveGpsFix || hasOwnPositionFix) {
+        double headingLat = 0.0;
+        double headingLon = 0.0;
+        if (hasLiveGpsFix) {
+            headingLat = DegD(gpsStatus->getLatitude());
+            headingLon = DegD(gpsStatus->getLongitude());
+        } else if (hasOwnPositionFix) {
+            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
+            headingLat = DegD(op.latitude_i);
+            headingLon = DegD(op.longitude_i);
+        }
+        validHeading = CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(headingLat, headingLon, heading);
+    }
+
+    if (!validHeading) {
+        if (hasSensorHeading || hasLiveGpsFix || hasOwnPositionFix) {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
         } else {
-            heading = screen->estimatedHeading(geoCoord.getLatitude() * 1e-7, geoCoord.getLongitude() * 1e-7);
-            validHeading = !isnan(heading);
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Fix";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1219,18 +1292,18 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
             getUptimeStr(delta, "Last: ", uptimeStr, sizeof(uptimeStr), true);
 #endif
 
-            display->drawString(0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], uptimeStr);
+            display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], uptimeStr);
         } else {
-            display->drawString(0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], "Last: ?");
+            display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], "Last: ?");
         }
 
         // === Third Row: Line 1 GPS Info ===
-        UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus, "line1");
+        UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, textPos[line++], gpsStatus, "line1");
 
         if (uiconfig.gps_format != meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig_GpsCoordinateFormat_OLC &&
             uiconfig.gps_format != meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig_GpsCoordinateFormat_MLS) {
             // === Fourth Row: Line 2 GPS Info ===
-            UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus, "line2");
+            UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, textPos[line++], gpsStatus, "line2");
         }
 
         // === Final Row: Altitude ===
@@ -1241,14 +1314,14 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
         } else {
             snprintf(altitudeLine, sizeof(altitudeLine), "Alt: %.0im", alt);
         }
-        display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], altitudeLine);
+        display->drawString(x, textPos[line++], altitudeLine);
     }
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
-    // === Draw Compass if heading is valid ===
-    if (validHeading) {
+    // === Draw Compass ===
+    if (validHeading || statusLine1) {
         // --- Compass Rendering: landscape (wide) screens use original side-aligned logic ---
         if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
-            const int16_t topY = getTextPositions(display)[1];
+            const int16_t topY = textPos[1];
             const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1); // nav row height
             const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;
 
@@ -1261,29 +1334,33 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
             // Center vertically and nudge down slightly to keep "N" clear of header
             const int16_t compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;
 
-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, -heading);
             display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (validHeading) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, -heading);
 
-            // "N" label
-            float northAngle = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-                northAngle = -heading;
-            float radius = compassRadius;
-            int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
-            int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
-            int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
-            int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
+                // "N" label
+                float northAngle = 0;
+                if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+                    northAngle = -heading;
+                float radius = compassRadius;
+                int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
+                int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
+                int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
+                int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
 
-            display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-            display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
-            display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+                display->setColor(BLACK);
+                display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
+                display->setColor(WHITE);
+                display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+                display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+                display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
         } else {
             // Portrait or square: put compass at the bottom and centered, scaled to fit available space
             // For E-Ink screens, account for navigation bar at the bottom!
-            int yBelowContent = getTextPositions(display)[5] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
+            int yBelowContent = textPos[5] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
             const int margin = 4;
             int availableHeight =
 #if defined(USE_EINK)
@@ -1304,25 +1381,29 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
             int compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
             int compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;
 
-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, -heading);
             display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (validHeading) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, -heading);
 
-            // "N" label
-            float northAngle = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-                northAngle = -heading;
-            float radius = compassRadius;
-            int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
-            int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
-            int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
-            int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
+                // "N" label
+                float northAngle = 0;
+                if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+                    northAngle = -heading;
+                float radius = compassRadius;
+                int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
+                int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
+                int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
+                int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
 
-            display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-            display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
-            display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+                display->setColor(BLACK);
+                display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
+                display->setColor(WHITE);
+                display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+                display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+                display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
         }
     }
 #endif

src/graphics/draw/UIRenderer.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class UIRenderer
     // Navigation bar overlay
     static void drawNavigationBar(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
 
-    static void drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+    static void drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 
     static void drawDeviceFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.cpp

@@ -177,24 +177,8 @@ static void applyLoRaRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region)
     auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
 
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-    if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-        bool keygenSuccess = false;
-
-        if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-            if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                keygenSuccess = true;
-            }
-        } else {
-            crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-            keygenSuccess = true;
-        }
-
-        if (keygenSuccess) {
-            config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-            config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-            owner.public_key.size = 32;
-            memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-        }
+    if (crypto) {
+        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
     }
 #endif
 

src/memGet.cpp

@@ -10,8 +10,26 @@
 #include "memGet.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 
-#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+#if defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP)
 #include <malloc.h>
+#include <unistd.h> // sbrk
+
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+// Returns the uncommitted sbrk headroom: addressable space between the current heap
+// break and the stack pointer that has not yet been committed to the arena.
+static uint32_t sbrkHeadroom()
+{
+    // defined in STM32 linker script
+    extern char _estack;
+    extern char _Min_Stack_Size;
+
+    uint32_t max_sp = (uint32_t)(&_estack - &_Min_Stack_Size);
+    uint32_t heap_end = (uint32_t)sbrk(0);
+    return (max_sp > heap_end) ? (max_sp - heap_end) : 0;
+}
+#else
+#error Unsupported architecture!
+#endif
 #endif
 
 MemGet memGet;
@@ -28,9 +46,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getFreeHeap()
     return dbgHeapFree();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
     return rp2040.getFreeHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
     struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.fordblks; // Total free space (bytes)
+    return m.fordblks + sbrkHeadroom(); // Free space within arena + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
     // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
     return UINT32_MAX;
@@ -49,9 +67,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getHeapSize()
     return dbgHeapTotal();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
     return rp2040.getTotalHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
     struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.arena; // Non-mmapped space allocated (bytes)
+    return m.arena + sbrkHeadroom(); // Non-mmapped space allocated + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
     // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
     return UINT32_MAX;

src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "aes-ccm.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,15 @@ void CryptoEngine::generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
 {
     // Mix in any randomness we can, to make key generation stronger.
     CryptRNG.begin(optstr(APP_VERSION));
+
+    uint8_t hardwareEntropy[64] = {0};
+    if (HardwareRNG::fill(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy), true)) {
+        CryptRNG.stir(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+    } else {
+        LOG_WARN("Hardware entropy unavailable, falling back to software RNG");
+    }
+    memset(hardwareEntropy, 0, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+
     if (myNodeInfo.device_id.size == 16) {
         CryptRNG.stir(myNodeInfo.device_id.bytes, myNodeInfo.device_id.size);
     }
@@ -61,6 +71,33 @@ bool CryptoEngine::regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
     }
     return true;
 }
+
+bool CryptoEngine::ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user)
+{
+    if (user.is_licensed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool keygenSuccess = false;
+    if (security.private_key.size == 32) {
+        if (regeneratePublicKey(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes)) {
+            keygenSuccess = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
+        generateKeyPair(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes);
+        keygenSuccess = true;
+    }
+
+    if (keygenSuccess) {
+        security.public_key.size = 32;
+        security.private_key.size = 32;
+        user.public_key.size = 32;
+        memcpy(user.public_key.bytes, security.public_key.bytes, 32);
+    }
+
+    return keygenSuccess;
+}
 #endif
 
 /**

src/mesh/CryptoEngine.h

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class CryptoEngine
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN)
     virtual void generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
     virtual bool regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
+    virtual bool ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user);
 
 #endif
     void setDHPrivateKey(uint8_t *_private_key);

src/mesh/Default.h

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 #define min_node_info_broadcast_secs 60 * 60 // No regular broadcasts of more than once an hour
 #define min_neighbor_info_broadcast_secs 4 * 60 * 60
 #define default_map_publish_interval_secs 60 * 60
+
+// Traffic management defaults
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_precision_bits 24               // ~10m grid cells
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_min_interval_secs (ONE_DAY / 2) // 12 hours between identical positions
+
 #ifdef USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #define default_ringtone_nag_secs USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #else

src/mesh/HardwareRNG.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+#include "RadioLibInterface.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+#include <Adafruit_nRFCrypto.h>
+extern Adafruit_nRFCrypto nRFCrypto;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#include <esp_system.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+#include <random>
+#include <sys/random.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+void fillWithRandomDevice(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    std::random_device rd;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rd();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+}
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+bool mixWithLoRaEntropy(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    // Only attempt to pull entropy from the modem if it is initialized and exposes the helper.
+    // When the radio stack is disabled or has not yet been configured, we simply skip this step
+    // and return false so callers know no extra mixing occurred.
+    RadioLibInterface *radio = RadioLibInterface::instance;
+    if (!radio) {
+        // Intentionally silent: this path runs during portduinoSetup() before the
+        // console/SerialConsole is initialized, so LOG_* here would dereference a null pointer.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t chunkSize = 16;
+    uint8_t scratch[chunkSize];
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    bool mixed = false;
+
+    while (offset < length) {
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, chunkSize);
+
+        // randomBytes() returns false if the modem does not support it or is not ready
+        // (for instance, when the radio is powered down). We break immediately to avoid
+        // blocking or returning partially-filled entropy and simply report failure.
+        if (!radio->randomBytes(scratch, toCopy)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < toCopy; ++i) {
+            buffer[offset + i] ^= scratch[i];
+        }
+
+        mixed = true;
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid leaving the modem-sourced bytes sitting on the stack longer than needed.
+    if (mixed) {
+        memset(scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
+    }
+
+    return mixed;
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace
+
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool filled = false;
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+    // The Nordic SDK RNG provides cryptographic-quality randomness backed by hardware.
+    nRFCrypto.begin();
+    auto result = nRFCrypto.Random.generate(buffer, length);
+    nRFCrypto.end();
+    filled = result;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+    // ESP32 exposes a true RNG via esp_fill_random().
+    esp_fill_random(buffer, length);
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+    // RP2040 has a hardware random number generator accessible through the Arduino core.
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rp2040.hwrand32();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+    // Prefer the host OS RNG first when running under Portduino.
+    ssize_t generated = ::getrandom(buffer, length, 0);
+    if (generated == static_cast<ssize_t>(length)) {
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        // As a last resort, fall back to std::random_device. This should only be reached
+        // if a platform-specific source was unavailable.
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+    if (useRadioEntropy) {
+        // Best-effort: if the radio is active and can provide modem entropy, XOR it over the
+        // buffer to improve overall quality. We consider the filling a success if either a
+        // good platform RNG or the modem RNG provided data, so we return true as long as at
+        // least one of those steps succeeded.
+        filled = mixWithLoRaEntropy(buffer, length) || filled;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return filled;
+}
+
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut)
+{
+    uint32_t candidate = 0;
+    if (!fill(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&candidate), sizeof(candidate), true)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    seedOut = candidate;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG

src/mesh/HardwareRNG.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+/**
+ * Fill the provided buffer with random bytes sourced from the most
+ * appropriate hardware-backed RNG available on the current platform.
+ *
+ * @param buffer Destination buffer for random bytes
+ * @param length Number of bytes to write
+ * @param useRadioEntropy If true, attempt to mix radio entropy into the output as well.
+ * @return true if the buffer was fully populated with entropy, false on failure
+ */
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy = false);
+
+/**
+ * Populate a 32-bit seed value with hardware-backed randomness where possible.
+ *
+ * @param seedOut Destination for the generated seed value
+ * @return true if a seed was produced from a reliable entropy source
+ */
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut);
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG

src/mesh/LR11x0Interface.cpp

@@ -71,12 +71,10 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::init()
 
     RadioLibInterface::init();
 
-    limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER);
-
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) &&
-        (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) { // clamp again if wide freq range
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-        preambleLength = 12; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
     }
 
 #ifdef LR11X0_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ
@@ -177,6 +175,12 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
     err = lora.setSyncWord(syncWord);
     assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
 
+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
+    }
+
     err = lora.setPreambleLength(preambleLength);
     assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
 
@@ -184,14 +188,14 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
         RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
 
-    if (power > LR1110_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = LR1110_MAX_POWER;
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) && (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) // 2.4G power limit
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-
     err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
     assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
 
+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY, matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("LR11x0 setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
     startReceive(); // restart receiving
 
     return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;

src/mesh/MeshRadio.h

@@ -4,19 +4,54 @@
 #include "MeshTypes.h"
 #include "PointerQueue.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include "detect/LoRaRadioType.h"
+
+// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array
+static constexpr meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
+    static_cast<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>(0xFF);
+
+// Region profile: bundles the preset list with regulatory parameters shared across regions
+struct RegionProfile {
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *presets; // sentinel-terminated; first entry is the default
+    float spacing;                                           // gaps between radio channels
+    float padding;                                           // padding at each side of the "operating channel"
+    bool audioPermitted;
+    bool licensedOnly;        // a region profile for licensed operators only
+    int8_t textThrottle;      // throttle for text - future expansion
+    int8_t positionThrottle;  // throttle for location data - future expansion
+    int8_t telemetryThrottle; // throttle for telemetry - future expansion
+    uint8_t overrideSlot;     // a per-region override slot for if we need to fix it in place
+};
+
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_LITE;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_NARROW;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_HAM;
 
 // Map from old region names to new region enums
 struct RegionInfo {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code;
     float freqStart;
     float freqEnd;
-    float dutyCycle;
-    float spacing;
+    float dutyCycle;    // modified by getEffectiveDutyCycle
     uint8_t powerLimit; // Or zero for not set
-    bool audioPermitted;
     bool freqSwitching;
     bool wideLora;
+    const RegionProfile *profile;
     const char *name; // EU433 etc
+
+    // Preset accessors (delegate through profile)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset getDefaultPreset() const { return profile->presets[0]; }
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *getAvailablePresets() const { return profile->presets; }
+    size_t getNumPresets() const
+    {
+        size_t n = 0;
+        while (profile->presets[n] != MODEM_PRESET_END)
+            n++;
+        return n;
+    }
 };
 
 extern const RegionInfo regions[];
@@ -25,7 +60,7 @@ extern const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 extern void initRegion();
 
 // Valid LoRa spread factor range and defaults
-constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 7;
+constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 5;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MAX = 12;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_DEFAULT = 11; // LONG_FAST default
 
@@ -37,10 +72,14 @@ constexpr uint8_t LORA_CR_DEFAULT = 5; // LONG_FAST default
 // Default bandwidth in kHz (LONG_FAST)
 constexpr float LORA_BW_DEFAULT_KHZ = 250.0f;
 
-/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [7, 12].
+/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [5, 12].
 /// Out-of-range values (including 0 from unset preset mode) return LORA_SF_DEFAULT.
 static inline uint8_t clampSpreadFactor(uint8_t sf)
 {
+    // We check for RF95 radios that are incompatible with Spreading Factors 5 and 6.
+    if (radioType == RF95_RADIO && (sf == 5 || sf == 6))
+        return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
+
     if (sf < LORA_SF_MIN || sf > LORA_SF_MAX)
         return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
     return sf;

src/mesh/NextHopRouter.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #endif
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 
 NextHopRouter::NextHopRouter() {}
@@ -126,15 +129,28 @@ void NextHopRouter::sniffReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtast
 /* Check if we should be rebroadcasting this packet if so, do so. */
 bool NextHopRouter::perhapsRebroadcast(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 {
-    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && p->hop_limit > 0) {
+    // Check if traffic management wants to exhaust this packet's hops
+    bool exhaustHops = false;
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    if (trafficManagementModule && trafficManagementModule->shouldExhaustHops(*p)) {
+        exhaustHops = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Allow rebroadcast if hop_limit > 0 OR if we're exhausting hops (which sets hop_limit = 0 but still needs one relay)
+    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && (p->hop_limit > 0 || exhaustHops)) {
         if (p->id != 0) {
             if (isRebroadcaster()) {
                 if (p->next_hop == NO_NEXT_HOP_PREFERENCE || p->next_hop == nodeDB->getLastByteOfNodeNum(getNodeNum())) {
                     meshtastic_MeshPacket *tosend = packetPool.allocCopy(*p); // keep a copy because we will be sending it
                     LOG_INFO("Rebroadcast received message coming from %x", p->relay_node);
 
-                    // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
-                    if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                    // If exhausting hops, force hop_limit = 0 regardless of other logic
+                    if (exhaustHops) {
+                        tosend->hop_limit = 0;
+                        LOG_INFO("Traffic management: exhausting hops for 0x%08x, setting hop_limit=0", getFrom(p));
+                    } else if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                        // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
                         tosend->hop_limit--; // bump down the hop count
                     } else {
                         LOG_INFO("favorite-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE-to-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE rebroadcast: preserving hop_limit");

src/mesh/NodeDB.cpp

@@ -863,6 +863,10 @@ void NodeDB::installDefaultModuleConfig()
     moduleConfig.external_notification.nag_timeout = default_ringtone_nag_secs;
 #endif
 #endif
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
+    moduleConfig.external_notification.enabled = true;
+    moduleConfig.external_notification.alert_message = true;
+#endif
 #ifdef NANO_G2_ULTRA
     moduleConfig.external_notification.enabled = true;
     moduleConfig.external_notification.alert_message = true;
@@ -1306,7 +1310,7 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
     // Coerce LoRa config fields derived from presets while bootstrapping.
     // Some clients/UI components display bandwidth/spread_factor directly from config even in preset mode.
     if (config.has_lora && config.lora.use_preset) {
-        RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(config.lora);
+        RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(config.lora);
     }
 
 #if defined(USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED) && USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED
@@ -1657,6 +1661,25 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
     return delta;
 }
 
+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+    // Guard against invalid values.
+    if (p.hop_start < p.hop_limit)
+        return HopStartStatus::INVALID;
+
+    if (p.hop_start == 0) {
+        // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
+        // bitfield that is always present. Use the presence of the bitfield to determine if the origin's firmware
+        // version is guaranteed to have hop_start populated. Note that this can only be done for decoded packets as
+        // the bitfield is encrypted under the channel encryption key.
+        if (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag && p.decoded.has_bitfield)
+            return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+        return HopStartStatus::MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+}
+
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown)
 {
     // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
@@ -1694,6 +1717,22 @@ size_t NodeDB::getNumOnlineMeshNodes(bool localOnly)
 #include "MeshModule.h"
 #include "Throttle.h"
 
+static constexpr uint32_t HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
+
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context)
+{
+    static uint32_t lastLogMs = 0;
+    if (Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastLogMs, HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    lastLogMs = millis();
+    const bool decoded = (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag);
+    const bool hasBitfield = decoded && p.decoded.has_bitfield;
+    LOG_DEBUG(
+        "Drop packet (%s): hop_start invalid/missing (from=0x%x id=%u hop_start=%u hop_limit=%u decoded=%d has_bitfield=%d)",
+        context ? context : "unknown", p.from, p.id, p.hop_start, p.hop_limit, decoded, hasBitfield);
+}
+
 /** Update position info for this node based on received position data
  */
 void NodeDB::updatePosition(uint32_t nodeId, const meshtastic_Position &p, RxSource src)

src/mesh/NodeDB.h

@@ -114,6 +114,27 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p);
 /// Returns defaultIfUnknown if the number of hops couldn't be determined.
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown = -1);
 
+enum class HopStartStatus : uint8_t { VALID = 0, MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN, INVALID };
+
+/// Classify hop_start validity for forwarding decisions.
+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p);
+
+inline bool shouldDropPacketForPreHop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+#if !MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+    (void)p;
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (isFromUs(&p)) {
+        return false; // local-originated packets should never be dropped by pre-hop drop policy
+    }
+    return classifyHopStart(p) != HopStartStatus::VALID;
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Rate-limited debug log when hop_start is invalid/missing and packet is dropped.
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context);
+
 enum LoadFileResult {
     // Successfully opened the file
     LOAD_SUCCESS = 1,

src/mesh/PhoneAPI.cpp

@@ -465,6 +465,11 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
             fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
             fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
             break;
+        case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+            LOG_DEBUG("Send module config: traffic management");
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
         default:
             LOG_ERROR("Unknown module config type %d", config_state);
         }

src/mesh/PointerQueue.h

@@ -17,14 +17,4 @@ template <class T> class PointerQueue : public TypedQueue<T *>
 
         return this->dequeue(&p, maxWait) ? p : nullptr;
     }
-
-#ifdef HAS_FREE_RTOS
-    // returns a ptr or null if the queue was empty
-    T *dequeuePtrFromISR(BaseType_t *higherPriWoken)
-    {
-        T *p;
-
-        return this->dequeueFromISR(&p, higherPriWoken) ? p : nullptr;
-    }
-#endif
 };

src/mesh/RF95Interface.cpp

@@ -240,8 +240,7 @@ bool RF95Interface::reconfigure()
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
         RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
 
-    if (power > RF95_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = RF95_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(RF95_MAX_POWER);
 
 #ifdef USE_RF95_RFO
     err = lora->setOutputPower(power, true);

src/mesh/RadioInterface.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <pb_decode.h>
 #include <pb_encode.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
@@ -32,10 +33,32 @@
 #include "STM32WLE5JCInterface.h"
 #endif
 
-#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, frequency_switching, wide_lora)      \
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_STD[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,    MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_EU_868[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_UNDEF[] = {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+                                                                         MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+// Region profiles: bundle preset list + regulatory parameters shared across regions
+// presets, spacing, padding, audio, licensed, text throttle, position throttle, telemetry throttle, override slot
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD = {PRESETS_STD, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868 = {PRESETS_EU_868, 0, 0, false, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF = {PRESETS_UNDEF, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching, wide_lora, profile_ptr)                   \
     {                                                                                                                            \
-        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, \
-            frequency_switching, wide_lora, #name                                                                                \
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching,      \
+            wide_lora, &profile_ptr, #name                                                                                       \
     }
 
 const RegionInfo regions[] = {
@@ -43,7 +66,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
         https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4842-4357-2%2F1.pdf
         https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
     */
-    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         EN300220 ETSI V3.2.1 [Table B.1, Item H, p. 21]
@@ -51,8 +74,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
         https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.02.01_60/en_30022002v030201p.pdf
         FIXME: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3371
      */
-    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
+    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
     /*
        https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/duty-cycle/
        https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
@@ -67,33 +89,33 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        AFA) to avoid a duty cycle. (Please refer to line P page 22 of this document.)
        https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.01.01_60/en_30022002v030101p.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 0, 27, false, false, false),
+    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_EU868),
 
     /*
         https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 0, 19, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 19, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
         https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/5-STD-T108v1_5-E1.pdf
         https://qiita.com/ammo0613/items/d952154f1195b64dc29f
      */
-    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 0, 13, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 13, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         https://www.iot.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/IoTSpectrumFactSheet.pdf
         https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
         Also used in Brazil.
      */
-    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         433.05 - 434.79 MHz, 25mW EIRP max, No duty cycle restrictions
         AU Low Interference Potential https://www.acma.gov.au/licences/low-interference-potential-devices-lipd-class-licence
         NZ General User Radio Licence for Short Range Devices https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-go3100
      */
-    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         https://digital.gov.ru/uploaded/files/prilozhenie-12-k-reshenyu-gkrch-18-46-03-1.pdf
@@ -101,13 +123,13 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
         Note:
             - We do LBT, so 100% is allowed.
      */
-    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=53943&efYd=0
         https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp002-1-0-4-regional-parameters
      */
-    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 0, 23, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 23, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Taiwan, 920-925Mhz, limited to 0.5W indoor or coastal, 1.0W outdoor.
@@ -115,44 +137,40 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
         https://www.ncc.gov.tw/english/files/23070/102_5190_230703_1_doc_C.PDF
         https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/egFront/e_detail.do?metaid=147283
      */
-    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
          https://rrf.rsm.govt.nz/smart-web/smart/page/-smart/domain/licence/LicenceSummary.wdk?id=219752
          https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
       */
-    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 36, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 36, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
        https://standard.nbtc.go.th/getattachment/Standards/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1/1033-2565.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH
        Thailand 920–925 MHz set max TX power to 27 dBm and enforce 10% duty cycle, aligned with NBTC regulations.
     */
-    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         433,05-434,7 Mhz 10 mW
-        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
-    */
-    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
-    /*
         868,0-868,6 Mhz 25 mW
         https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Malaysia
         433 - 435 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
         https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Malaysia
@@ -161,14 +179,14 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
         Frequency hopping is used for 919 - 923 MHz.
         https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, true, false),
+    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 27, true, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Singapore
         SG_923 Band 30d: 917 - 925 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
         https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulation-licensing-and-consultations/ict-standards/telecommunication-standards/radio-comms/imdatssrd.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Philippines
@@ -178,8 +196,9 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                 https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/4948#issuecomment-2394926135
     */
 
-    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false), RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 0, 24, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 24, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Kazakhstan
@@ -187,37 +206,38 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                 863 - 868 MHz <25 mW EIRP, 500kHz channels allowed, must not be used at airfields
                                 https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/7204
     */
-    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Nepal
         865 MHz to 868 MHz frequency band for IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), and smart metering use,
        specifically in non-cellular mode. https://www.nta.gov.np/uploads/contents/Radio-Frequency-Policy-2080-English.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         Brazil
         902 - 907.5 MHz , 1W power limit, no duty cycle restrictions
         https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3741
     */
-    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
        2.4 GHZ WLAN Band equivalent. Only for SX128x chips.
     */
-    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, true),
+    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, PROFILE_STD),
 
     /*
         This needs to be last. Same as US.
     */
-    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false)
+    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_UNDEF)
 
 };
 
 const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 bool RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+bool RadioInterface::uses_custom_channel_name = false;
 
 static uint8_t bytes[MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 1];
 
@@ -503,45 +523,14 @@ void initRegion()
     myRegion = r;
 }
 
-void RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
 {
-    if (!loraConfig.use_preset) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Find region info to determine whether "wide" LoRa is permitted (2.4 GHz uses wider bandwidth codes).
     const RegionInfo *r = regions;
-    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != loraConfig.region; r++)
+    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != code; r++)
         ;
-
-    const bool regionWideLora = r->wideLora;
-
-    float bwKHz = 0;
-    uint8_t sf = 0;
-    uint8_t cr = 0;
-    modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-
-    // If selected preset requests a bandwidth larger than the region span, fall back to LONG_FAST.
-    if (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && (r->freqEnd - r->freqStart) < (bwKHz / 1000.0f)) {
-        loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
-        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-    }
-
-    loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(bwKHz);
-    loraConfig.spread_factor = sf;
+    return r;
 }
 
-/**
- * ## LoRaWAN for North America
-
-LoRaWAN defines 64, 125 kHz channels from 902.3 to 914.9 MHz increments.
-
-The maximum output power for North America is +30 dBM.
-
-The band is from 902 to 928 MHz. It mentions channel number and its respective channel frequency. All the 13 channels are
-separated by 2.16 MHz with respect to the adjacent channels. Channel zero starts at 903.08 MHz center frequency.
-*/
-
 uint32_t RadioInterface::getPacketTime(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool received)
 {
     uint32_t pl = 0;
@@ -751,7 +740,7 @@ void RadioInterface::saveFreq(float freq)
 }
 
 /**
- * Save our channel for later reuse.
+ * Save our frequency slot (aka channel) for later reuse.
  */
 void RadioInterface::saveChannelNum(uint32_t channel_num)
 {
@@ -774,113 +763,304 @@ uint32_t RadioInterface::getChannelNum()
     return savedChannelNum;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Send an error-level client notification. Safe to call when service is null (e.g. in tests).
+ */
+static void sendErrorNotification(const char *msg)
+{
+    if (!service)
+        return;
+    meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
+    if (!cn)
+        return;
+    cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
+    snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", msg);
+    service->sendClientNotification(cn);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a region is valid for the current settings.
+ * Returns false if not compatible.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    // If you are not licensed, you can't use ham regions.
+    if (newRegion->profile->licensedOnly && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed) {
+        char err_string[160];
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Region %s requires licensed mode", newRegion->name);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Internal helper: validate or clamp a LoRa config against its region.
+ * When clamp==false, returns false on first error (pure validation).
+ * When clamp==true, fixes invalid settings in-place and returns true.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp)
+{
+    char err_string[160];
+    float check_bw;
+
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    const char *presetName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+
+    // Check preset validity (only when use_preset is true)
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+
+        bool preset_valid = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newRegion->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (loraConfig.modem_preset == newRegion->getAvailablePresets()[i]) {
+                preset_valid = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!preset_valid) {
+            const char *defaultName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), false, true);
+            if (clamp) {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s, using %s", presetName, newRegion->name,
+                         defaultName);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s", presetName, newRegion->name);
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+                check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate width of slots (aka channels) based on bandwidth and any spacing or padding required by the region:
+    // spacing = gap between slots (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the slots (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+
+    // Check if the region supports the requested bandwidth
+    if ((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) < freqSlotWidth) {
+        const float regionSpanKHz = (newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz", newRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, check_bw);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+        if (clamp) {
+            loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(modemPresetToBwKHz(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), newRegion->wideLora));
+            check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+
+            // Recompute slot width and number of slots based on the new bandwidth
+            freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+            numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+    const char *presetNameDisplay =
+        DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+    uint32_t channelNameHashSlot = hash(channelName) % numFreqSlots;
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot = hash(presetNameDisplay) % numFreqSlots;
+
+    if (loraConfig.override_frequency == 0) {
+
+        // Check if we use the default frequency slot
+        uses_default_frequency_slot =
+            (loraConfig.channel_num == 0) || // user choice unset, no frequency override, so use default
+            (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0 &&
+             loraConfig.channel_num == newRegion->profile->overrideSlot) || // user setting matches override
+            ((newRegion->profile->overrideSlot == 0) &&
+             ((uint32_t)(loraConfig.channel_num - 1) == presetNameHashSlot)); // user setting matches preset hash, no override
+
+        // check if user setting different to preset name
+        uses_custom_channel_name = (strcmp(channelName, presetNameDisplay) != 0);
+
+        if (loraConfig.channel_num > numFreqSlots) {
+            snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Channel number %u invalid for %s, max is %u", loraConfig.channel_num,
+                     newRegion->name, numFreqSlots);
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                if (uses_custom_channel_name) { // clamp to channel name hash
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        channelNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                } else if ((loraConfig.use_preset) && (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0)) { // clamp to preset override slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        newRegion->profile->overrideSlot; // use the override slot specified by the region profile
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else if (loraConfig.use_preset) {                  // clamp to preset slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num = presetNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else { // if not using preset, and no custom channel name, just clamp to default anyway
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                };
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } // end of channel number check
+    } else {
+        // if we have a frequency override, we ignore the channel number and just use the override frequency
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Frequency override in place, using %.3f", loraConfig.override_frequency);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    auto copy = loraConfig;
+    return checkOrClampConfigLora(copy, false);
+}
+
+void RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    checkOrClampConfigLora(loraConfig, true);
+}
+
 /**
  * Pull our channel settings etc... from protobufs to the dumb interface settings
+ * Note: this must be given only settings which have been validated or clamped!
  */
 void RadioInterface::applyModemConfig()
 {
     // Set up default configuration
     // No Sync Words in LORA mode
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
-    bool validConfig = false; // We need to check for a valid configuration
-    while (!validConfig) {
-        if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
-            modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, cr);
-            if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate != cr) {
-                cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-                LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
-            }
-        } else {
-            sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+    myRegion = newRegion;
+
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        if (!validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+            loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+        }
+        uint8_t newcr;
+        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, newcr);
+        // If custom CR is being used already, check if the new preset is higher
+        if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate < newcr) {
+            cr = newcr;
+            LOG_INFO("Default Coding Rate is higher than custom setting, using %u", cr);
+        }
+        // If the custom CR is higher than the preset, use it
+        else if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate > newcr) {
             cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-            bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
-        }
-
-        if ((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) < bw / 1000) {
-            const float regionSpanKHz = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
-            const float requestedBwKHz = bw;
-            const bool isWideRequest = requestedBwKHz >= 499.5f; // treat as 500 kHz preset
-            const char *presetName =
-                DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
-
-            char err_string[160];
-            if (isWideRequest) {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region too narrow for 500kHz preset (%s). Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, presetName);
-            } else {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz. Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, requestedBwKHz);
-            }
-            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
-            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-            meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
-            cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
-            snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", err_string);
-            service->sendClientNotification(cn);
-
-            // Set to default modem preset
-            loraConfig.use_preset = true;
-            loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+            LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
         } else {
-            validConfig = true;
+            cr = newcr;
         }
+
+    } else { // if not using preset, then just use the custom settings
+        if (validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config settings, cannot apply requested modem config - falling back to %s defaults",
+                     newRegion->name);
+            clampConfigLora(loraConfig);
+        }
+        bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+        sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+        cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
     }
 
     power = loraConfig.tx_power;
 
-    if ((power == 0) || ((power > myRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
-        power = myRegion->powerLimit;
+    if ((power == 0) || ((power > newRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
+        power = newRegion->powerLimit;
 
     if (power == 0)
-        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of myRegion defaults
+        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of newRegion defaults
                     // to 0, currently no region has an actual power limit of 0 [dBm] so we can assume regions which have this
                     // variable set to 0 don't have a valid power limit)
 
     // Set final tx_power back onto config
     loraConfig.tx_power = (int8_t)power; // cppcheck-suppress assignmentAddressToInteger
 
-    // Calculate the number of channels
-    uint32_t numChannels = floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000)));
+    uint32_t channel_num;
+    float freq;
 
-    // If user has manually specified a channel num, then use that, otherwise generate one by hashing the name
-    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
-    // channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numChannels - 1)
-    uint32_t channel_num = (loraConfig.channel_num ? loraConfig.channel_num - 1 : hash(channelName)) % numChannels;
+    // Calculate number of frequency slots (aka Channels):
+    // spacing = gap between channels (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the channel (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
 
-    // Check if we use the default frequency slot
-    RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot =
-        channel_num ==
-        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset)) % numChannels;
-
-    // Old frequency selection formula
-    // float freq = myRegion->freqStart + ((((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / numChannels) / 2) * channel_num);
-
-    // New frequency selection formula
-    float freq = myRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + (channel_num * (bw / 1000));
+    // Calculate hash of channel name and preset name to pick a default frequency slot if user has not specified one.
+    // Note that channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to
+    // (numFreqSlots - 1).
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot =
+        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset)) % numFreqSlots;
 
     // override if we have a verbatim frequency
     if (loraConfig.override_frequency) {
         freq = loraConfig.override_frequency;
         channel_num = -1;
+        uses_default_frequency_slot = false;
+    } else {
+
+        // If user has not manually specified a frequency slot, or has not specified one that is different than the default or the
+        // override for the new region, then use the default or override. If the user has not specified one, but has specified a
+        // custom channel name, then use the hash of that channel name to pick a frequency slot. Note that channel_num is actually
+        // (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numFreqSlots - 1).
+        // NB: channel_num is also know as frequency slot but it's too late to fix now.
+        if (uses_default_frequency_slot) {
+            // if there's an override slot, use that
+            if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+                channel_num = newRegion->profile->overrideSlot - 1;
+            } else {
+                channel_num = presetNameHashSlot;
+            }
+        } else { // use the manually defined one
+            channel_num = loraConfig.channel_num - 1;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate frequency: freqStart is band edge, add half bandwidth (plus optional padding) to get middle of first channel
+        // subsequent channels are spaced by freqSlotWidth
+        freq = newRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + newRegion->profile->padding + (channel_num * freqSlotWidth); // in MHz
     }
 
     saveChannelNum(channel_num);
     saveFreq(freq + loraConfig.frequency_offset);
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+
+    if (newRegion->wideLora) {                          // clamp if wide freq range
+        preambleLength = wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    } else {
+        preambleLength =
+            preambleLengthDefault; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    }
 
     slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
     preambleTimeMsec = preambleLength * (pow_of_2(sf) / bw);
 
     LOG_INFO("Radio freq=%.3f, config.lora.frequency_offset=%.3f", freq, loraConfig.frequency_offset);
-    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", myRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
+    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", newRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
              channel_num, power);
-    LOG_INFO("myRegion->freqStart -> myRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", myRegion->freqStart, myRegion->freqEnd,
-             myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart);
-    LOG_INFO("numChannels: %d x %.3fkHz", numChannels, bw);
+    LOG_INFO("newRegion->freqStart -> newRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", newRegion->freqStart, newRegion->freqEnd,
+             newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart);
+    LOG_INFO("numFreqSlots: %d x %.3fkHz", numFreqSlots, bw);
+    if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+        LOG_INFO("Using region override slot: %d", newRegion->profile->overrideSlot);
+    }
     LOG_INFO("channel_num: %d", channel_num + 1);
     LOG_INFO("frequency: %f", getFreq());
     LOG_INFO("Slot time: %u msec, preamble time: %u msec", slotTimeMsec, preambleTimeMsec);
-}
+} // end of applyModemConfig
 
 /** Slottime is the time to detect a transmission has started, consisting of:
   - CAD duration;
@@ -994,4 +1174,4 @@ size_t RadioInterface::beginSending(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 
     sendingPacket = p;
     return p->encrypted.size + sizeof(PacketHeader);
-}
+}

src/mesh/RadioInterface.h

@@ -92,15 +92,20 @@ class RadioInterface
     uint8_t sf = 9;
     uint8_t cr = 5;
 
-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD = 2;       // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ = 4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD =
+        2; // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ =
+        4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
     uint32_t slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
-    uint16_t preambleLength = 16;    // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
-    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165; // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
-    const uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
-        4500;                // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
-    const uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
-    const uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize
+    uint16_t preambleLength = 16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t preambleLengthDefault =
+        16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault = 12; // 12 is default for wide Lora
+    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165;                              // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
+    static constexpr uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
+        4500;                           // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize
 
     meshtastic_MeshPacket *sendingPacket = NULL; // The packet we are currently sending
     uint32_t lastTxStart = 0L;
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@ class RadioInterface
      * Coerce LoRa config fields (bandwidth/spread_factor) derived from presets.
      * This is used during early bootstrapping so UIs that display these fields directly remain consistent.
      */
-    static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+    // static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig); // maybe superseded?
 
     /**
      * Return true if we think the board can go to sleep (i.e. our tx queue is empty, we are not sending or receiving)
@@ -234,6 +239,20 @@ class RadioInterface
     // Whether we use the default frequency slot given our LoRa config (region and modem preset)
     static bool uses_default_frequency_slot;
 
+    // Whether we have a custom channel name
+    static bool uses_custom_channel_name;
+
+    static bool checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp);
+
+    // Check if a candidate region is compatible and valid.
+    static bool validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Check if a candidate radio configuration is valid.
+    static bool validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Make a candidate radio configuration valid, even if it isn't.
+    static void clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
   protected:
     int8_t power = 17; // Set by applyModemConfig()
 

src/mesh/RadioLibInterface.cpp

@@ -246,6 +246,24 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id)
     return txQueue.find(from, id);
 }
 
+bool RadioLibInterface::randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0 || !iface) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Older RadioLib versions only expose random(min, max), so fill the buffer byte-by-byte.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        int32_t value = iface->random(0, 255);
+        if (value < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        buffer[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 /** radio helper thread callback.
 We never immediately transmit after any operation (either Rx or Tx). Instead we should wait a random multiple of
 'slotTimes' (see definition in RadioInterface.h) taken from a contention window (CW) to lower the chance of collision.
@@ -587,4 +605,4 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::startSend(meshtastic_MeshPacket *txp)
 
         return res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
     }
-}
+}

src/mesh/RadioLibInterface.h

@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
     /** Attempt to find a packet in the TxQueue. Returns true if the packet was found. */
     virtual bool findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id) override;
 
+    /**
+     * Request randomness sourced from the LoRa modem, if supported by the active RadioLib interface.
+     * @return true if len bytes were produced, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+
   private:
     /** if we have something waiting to send, start a short (random) timer so we can come check for collision before actually
      * doing the transmit */

src/mesh/Router.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #include "mesh-pb-constants.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #endif
@@ -95,6 +98,20 @@ bool Router::shouldDecrementHopLimit(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
         return true;
     }
 
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // When router_preserve_hops is enabled, preserve hops for decoded packets that are not
+    // position or telemetry (those have their own exhaust_hop controls).
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled &&
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management.router_preserve_hops && p->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag &&
+        p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP && p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Router hop preserved: port=%d from=0x%08x (traffic_management)", p->decoded.portnum, getFrom(p));
+        if (trafficManagementModule) {
+            trafficManagementModule->recordRouterHopPreserved();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+
     // For subsequent hops, check if previous relay is a favorite router
     // Optimized search for favorite routers with matching last byte
     // Check ordering optimized for IoT devices (cheapest checks first)
@@ -858,6 +875,12 @@ void Router::perhapsHandleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
         return;
     }
 
+    if (shouldDropPacketForPreHop(*p)) {
+        logHopStartDrop(*p, "pre-hop drop");
+        packetPool.release(p);
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (shouldFilterReceived(p)) {
         LOG_DEBUG("Incoming msg was filtered from 0x%x", p->from);
         packetPool.release(p);

src/mesh/SX126xInterface.cpp

@@ -245,14 +245,21 @@ template <typename T> bool SX126xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
         RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
 
-    if (power > SX126X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX126X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX126X_MAX_POWER);
+    // Make sure we reach the minimum power supported to turn the chip on (-9dBm)
+    if (power < -9)
+        power = -9;
 
     err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
         LOG_ERROR("SX126X setOutputPower %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
     assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
 
+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY (datasheet §9.6), matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("SX126X setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
     startReceive(); // restart receiving
 
     return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;

src/mesh/SX128xInterface.cpp

@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ template <typename T> bool SX128xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
         RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
 
-    if (power > SX128X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX128X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX128X_MAX_POWER);
 
     err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
     if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)

src/mesh/mesh-pb-constants.h

@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ static inline int get_max_num_nodes()
 /// Max number of channels allowed
 #define MAX_NUM_CHANNELS (member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels) / member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels[0]))
 
+// Traffic Management module configuration
+// Enable per-variant by defining HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT=1 in variant.h
+#ifndef HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 0
+#endif
+
+// Cache size for traffic management (number of nodes to track)
+// Can be overridden per-variant based on available memory
+#ifndef TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 1000
+#else
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /// helper function for encoding a record as a protobuf, any failures to encode are fatal and we will panic
 /// returns the encoded packet size
 size_t pb_encode_to_bytes(uint8_t *destbuf, size_t destbufsize, const pb_msgdesc_t *fields, const void *src_struct);
@@ -90,4 +106,4 @@ bool writecb(pb_ostream_t *stream, const uint8_t *buf, size_t count);
  */
 bool is_in_helper(uint32_t n, const uint32_t *array, pb_size_t count);
 
-#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)
+#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)

src/modules/AdminModule.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 
 #include "Default.h"
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "RadioInterface.h"
 #include "TypeConversions.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"
 
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
@@ -197,10 +199,35 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
         handleSetOwner(r->set_owner);
         break;
 
-    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag:
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag: {
         LOG_DEBUG("Client set config");
-        handleSetConfig(r->set_config);
+
+        // Non-LoRa configs need no further validation.
+        if (r->set_config.which_payload_variant != meshtastic_Config_lora_tag) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("Non-LoRa config, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Only LORA_24 requires hardware capability validation.
+        if (r->set_config.payload_variant.lora.region != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LoRa config, region is not LORA_24, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Hardware supports 2.4 GHz — apply the config.
+        // Fail closed: null instance is treated as incapable.
+        if (RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora()) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LORA_24 requested, radio hardware supports 2.4 GHz, applying");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; rejecting LORA_24 region");
+        myReply = allocErrorResponse(meshtastic_Routing_Error_BAD_REQUEST, &mp);
         break;
+    }
 
     case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_module_config_tag:
         LOG_DEBUG("Client set module config");
@@ -453,7 +480,7 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
 #if HAS_SCREEN
         IF_SCREEN(screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is rebooting\ninto DFU mode.", 0));
 #endif
-#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
         enterDfuMode();
 #endif
         break;
@@ -626,7 +653,7 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o)
     }
 }
 
-void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
+void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers)
 {
     auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
     auto existingRole = config.device.role;
@@ -770,18 +797,57 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
             validatedLora.spread_factor = LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
         }
 
-        // If no lora radio parameters change, don't need to reboot
-        if (oldLoraConfig.use_preset == validatedLora.use_preset && oldLoraConfig.region == validatedLora.region &&
-            oldLoraConfig.modem_preset == validatedLora.modem_preset && oldLoraConfig.bandwidth == validatedLora.bandwidth &&
-            oldLoraConfig.spread_factor == validatedLora.spread_factor &&
-            oldLoraConfig.coding_rate == validatedLora.coding_rate && oldLoraConfig.tx_power == validatedLora.tx_power &&
-            oldLoraConfig.frequency_offset == validatedLora.frequency_offset &&
-            oldLoraConfig.override_frequency == validatedLora.override_frequency &&
-            oldLoraConfig.channel_num == validatedLora.channel_num &&
-            oldLoraConfig.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain == validatedLora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain) {
-            requiresReboot = false;
+        // If we're setting a new region, check the region is valid and then init the region or discard the change
+        if (validatedLora.region != myRegion->code) {
+            //  Region has changed so check whether it is valid for e.g. licensing conditions and if the lora config is valid
+            if (RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(validatedLora) && RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+                // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
+                if (isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+                    if (crypto) {
+                        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
+                    }
+#endif
+                    // new region is valid and we're coming from an unset region, so enable tx
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = true;
+                }
+                // If we're unsetting the region for some reason, disable tx
+                if (!isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = false;
+                }
+                // Ensure initRegion() uses the newly validated region
+                config.lora.region = validatedLora.region;
+                initRegion();
+                if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
+                    validatedLora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
+                }
+                if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
+                    //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
+                    sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
+                }
+                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
+            } else {
+                //  Region validation has failed, so just copy all of the old config over the new config
+                validatedLora = oldLoraConfig;
+            }
+        } // end of new region handling
+
+        if (!RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+            if (fromOthers) {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from another node, rejecting changes");
+                //  modem_preset set to use the old setting if the check fails
+                validatedLora.modem_preset = oldLoraConfig.modem_preset;
+            } else {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from client, using corrected values");
+                RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(validatedLora);
+            }
+            //  use_preset and bandwidth are coerced into valid values by the check.
         }
 
+        // All LoRa radio changes apply live via configChanged observer → reconfigure().
+        // reconfigure() puts the radio in standby, reprograms all modem parameters, and restarts receive.
+        requiresReboot = false;
+
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
         // If running on portduino and using SimRadio, do not require reboot
         if (SimRadio::instance) {
@@ -797,63 +863,21 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
             digitalWrite(RF95_FAN_EN, HIGH ^ 0);
         }
 #endif
-        config.lora = validatedLora;
 
 #if HAS_LORA_FEM
         // Apply FEM LNA mode from config (only meaningful on hardware that supports it)
+        // Note that a rejected lora config will revert this as well.
         if (loraFEMInterface.isLnaCanControl()) {
-            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
-        } else if (config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
+        } else if (validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
             // Hardware FEM does not support LNA control; normalize stored config to match actual capability
             LOG_WARN("FEM LNA mode configured but current FEM does not support LNA control; normalizing to NOT_PRESENT");
-            config.lora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
+            validatedLora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
         }
 #endif
-        // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
-        if (isRegionUnset && config.lora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
-#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
-            }
-#endif
-            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
-            initRegion();
-            if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
-                config.lora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
-            }
-            //  Compare the entire string, we are sure of the length as a topic has never been set
-            if (strcmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root) == 0) {
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-            }
-        }
-        if (config.lora.region != myRegion->code) {
-            //  Region has changed so check whether there is a regulatory one we should be using instead.
-            //  Additionally as a side-effect, assume a new value under myRegion
-            initRegion();
 
-            if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
-                //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-            }
+        config.lora = validatedLora; // Finally, return the validated config back to the main config
 
-            changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-        }
         break;
     }
     case meshtastic_Config_bluetooth_tag:
@@ -901,10 +925,10 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
     }
     if (requiresReboot && !hasOpenEditTransaction) {
         disableBluetooth();
-    }
+    } // end of switch case which_payload_variant
 
     saveChanges(changes, requiresReboot);
-}
+} // end of handleSetConfig
 
 bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
 {
@@ -1010,6 +1034,11 @@ bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
         moduleConfig.statusmessage = c.payload_variant.statusmessage;
         shouldReboot = false;
         break;
+    case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+        LOG_INFO("Set module config: Traffic Management");
+        moduleConfig.has_traffic_management = true;
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management = c.payload_variant.traffic_management;
+        break;
     }
     saveChanges(SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG, shouldReboot);
     return true;
@@ -1124,78 +1153,85 @@ void AdminModule::handleGetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &req, const
     meshtastic_AdminMessage res = meshtastic_AdminMessage_init_default;
 
     if (req.decoded.want_response) {
+        const char *configName = "?";
         switch (configType) {
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_MQTT_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: MQTT");
+            configName = "MQTT";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_mqtt_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.mqtt = moduleConfig.mqtt;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_SERIAL_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Serial");
+            configName = "Serial";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_serial_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.serial = moduleConfig.serial;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_EXTNOTIF_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: External Notification");
+            configName = "External Notification";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_external_notification_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.external_notification = moduleConfig.external_notification;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STOREFORWARD_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Store & Forward");
+            configName = "Store & Forward";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_store_forward_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.store_forward = moduleConfig.store_forward;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_RANGETEST_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Range Test");
+            configName = "Range Test";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_range_test_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.range_test = moduleConfig.range_test;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TELEMETRY_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Telemetry");
+            configName = "Telemetry";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_telemetry_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.telemetry = moduleConfig.telemetry;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_CANNEDMSG_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Canned Message");
+            configName = "Canned Message";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_canned_message_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.canned_message = moduleConfig.canned_message;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AUDIO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Audio");
+            configName = "Audio";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_audio_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.audio = moduleConfig.audio;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_REMOTEHARDWARE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Remote Hardware");
+            configName = "Remote Hardware";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_remote_hardware_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.remote_hardware = moduleConfig.remote_hardware;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_NEIGHBORINFO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Neighbor Info");
+            configName = "Neighbor Info";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_neighbor_info_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.neighbor_info = moduleConfig.neighbor_info;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_DETECTIONSENSOR_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Detection Sensor");
+            configName = "Detection Sensor";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_detection_sensor_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.detection_sensor = moduleConfig.detection_sensor;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AMBIENTLIGHTING_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Ambient Lighting");
+            configName = "Ambient Lighting";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_ambient_lighting_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.ambient_lighting = moduleConfig.ambient_lighting;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_PAXCOUNTER_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Paxcounter");
+            configName = "Paxcounter";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
             break;
         case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STATUSMESSAGE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: StatusMessage");
+            configName = "StatusMessage";
             res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_statusmessage_tag;
             res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.statusmessage = moduleConfig.statusmessage;
             break;
+        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TRAFFICMANAGEMENT_CONFIG:
+            configName = "Traffic Management";
+            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
         }
+        LOG_INFO("Get module config: %s", configName);
 
         // NOTE: The phone app needs to know the ls_secsvalue so it can properly expect sleep behavior.
         // So even if we internally use 0 to represent 'use default' we still need to send the value we are
@@ -1378,23 +1414,17 @@ void AdminModule::handleStoreDeviceUIConfig(const meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig &uic
 void AdminModule::handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &p)
 {
     // Validate ham parameters before setting since this would bypass validation in the owner struct
-    if (*p.call_sign) {
-        const char *start = p.call_sign;
-        // Skip all whitespace
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham call_sign: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (*p.short_name) {
-        const char *start = p.short_name;
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham short_name: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
+    const char *fieldsToCheck[] = {p.call_sign, p.short_name};
+    const char *fieldNames[] = {"call_sign", "short_name"};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        if (*fieldsToCheck[i]) {
+            const char *start = fieldsToCheck[i];
+            while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
+                start++;
+            if (*start == '\0') {
+                LOG_WARN("Rejected ham %s: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character", fieldNames[i]);
+                return;
+            }
         }
     }
 

src/modules/AdminModule.h

@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ class AdminModule : public ProtobufModule<meshtastic_AdminMessage>, public Obser
      */
     void handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o);
     void handleSetChannel(const meshtastic_Channel &cc);
-    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c);
+
+  protected:
+    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers);
+
+  private:
     bool handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c);
     void handleSetChannel();
     void handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &req);

src/modules/ExternalNotificationModule.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/rtttl.pb.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
 
+#if HAS_LIBNOTIFY
+#include <libnotify/notify.h>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(HAS_RGB_LED)
 #include "AmbientLightingThread.h"
 uint8_t red = 0;
@@ -408,6 +412,9 @@ ProcessMessage ExternalNotificationModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshP
             if (genericShouldAlert) {
                 LOG_INFO("externalNotificationModule - Generic alert");
                 setExternalState(0, true);
+#if HAS_LIBNOTIFY
+                portduinoNotify(mp);
+#endif
             }
 
             if (vibraShouldAlert) {
@@ -521,3 +528,40 @@ int ExternalNotificationModule::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
     }
     return 0;
 }
+
+#if HAS_LIBNOTIFY
+void ExternalNotificationModule::portduinoNotify(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
+{
+    std::string senderName;
+    const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *sender = nodeDB->getMeshNode(mp.from);
+    if (sender && sender->has_user) {
+        if (sender->user.long_name[0] != '\0') {
+            senderName = sender->user.long_name;
+        } else {
+            senderName = sender->user.short_name;
+        }
+    } else {
+        senderName = std::to_string(mp.from);
+    }
+    std::string notificationSummary = "From: " + senderName;
+    std::string notificationBody = std::string((char *)mp.decoded.payload.bytes, mp.decoded.payload.size);
+
+    if (!notify_is_initted()) {
+        if (!notify_init("Meshtasticd")) {
+            LOG_WARN("Failed to initialize libnotify");
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    NotifyNotification *notification =
+        notify_notification_new(notificationSummary.c_str(), notificationBody.c_str(), "org.meshtastic.meshtasticd");
+    if (notification) {
+        GError *error = nullptr;
+        if (!notify_notification_show(notification, &error)) {
+            LOG_WARN("Failed to show notification: %s", error ? error->message : "unknown error");
+            if (error)
+                g_error_free(error);
+        }
+        g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(notification));
+    }
+}
+#endif

src/modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h

@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ class ExternalNotificationModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency:
     virtual AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessageForModule(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp,
                                                                  meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
                                                                  meshtastic_AdminMessage *response) override;
+
+#if HAS_LIBNOTIFY
+    void portduinoNotify(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp);
+#endif
 };
 
 extern ExternalNotificationModule *externalNotificationModule;

src/modules/Modules.cpp

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 #include "modules/PowerStressModule.h"
 #endif
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "modules/TextMessageModule.h"
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
@@ -120,6 +123,14 @@ void setupModules()
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REPLYBOT
     new ReplyBotModule();
 #endif
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // Instantiate only when enabled to avoid extra memory use and background work.
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled) {
+        trafficManagementModule = new TrafficManagementModule();
+    }
+#endif
+
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ADMIN
     adminModule = new AdminModule();
 #endif

src/modules/SerialModule.cpp

@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ void SerialModule::processWXSerial()
         LOG_INFO("WS8X : %i %.1fg%.1f %.1fv %.1fv %.1fC rain: %.1f, %i sum", atoi(windDir), strtof(windVel, nullptr),
                  strtof(windGust, nullptr), batVoltageF, capVoltageF, temperatureF, rain, rainSum);
     }
-    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis)) {
+    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis) && velCount > 0 && dirCount > 0) {
         // calculate averages and send to the mesh
         float velAvg = 1.0 * velSum / velCount;
 

src/modules/StatusMessageModule.cpp

@@ -29,10 +29,23 @@ int32_t StatusMessageModule::runOnce()
 ProcessMessage StatusMessageModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
     if (mp.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
-        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage;
+        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage = meshtastic_StatusMessage_init_zero;
+
         if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp.decoded.payload.bytes, mp.decoded.payload.size, meshtastic_StatusMessage_fields,
                                  &incomingMessage)) {
+
             LOG_INFO("Received a NodeStatus message %s", incomingMessage.status);
+
+            RecentStatus entry;
+            entry.fromNodeId = mp.from;
+            entry.statusText = incomingMessage.status;
+
+            recentReceived.push_back(std::move(entry));
+
+            // Keep only last MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+            if (recentReceived.size() > MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES) {
+                recentReceived.erase(recentReceived.begin()); // drop oldest
+            }
         }
     }
     return ProcessMessage::CONTINUE;

src/modules/StatusMessageModule.h

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
 #include "SinglePortModule.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThread
 {
-
   public:
     /** Constructor
      * name is for debugging output
@@ -19,16 +20,28 @@ class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThre
             this->setInterval(1000 * 12 * 60 * 60);
         }
         // TODO: If we have a string, set the initial delay (15 minutes maybe)
+
+        // Keep vector from reallocating as we fill up to MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+        recentReceived.reserve(MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES);
     }
 
     virtual int32_t runOnce() override;
 
+    struct RecentStatus {
+        uint32_t fromNodeId;    // mp.from
+        std::string statusText; // incomingMessage.status
+    };
+
+    const std::vector<RecentStatus> &getRecentReceived() const { return recentReceived; }
+
   protected:
     /** Called to handle a particular incoming message
      */
     virtual ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
 
   private:
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES = 5;
+    std::vector<RecentStatus> recentReceived;
 };
 
 extern StatusMessageModule *statusMessageModule;

src/modules/Telemetry/EnvironmentTelemetry.cpp

@@ -66,18 +66,10 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/MCP9808Sensor.h"
 #endif
 
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT31Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
 #include "Sensor/LPS22HBSensor.h"
 #endif
 
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
 #include "Sensor/RAK12035Sensor.h"
 #endif
@@ -94,8 +86,8 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/OPT3001Sensor.h"
 #endif
 
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT4XSensor.h"
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+#include "Sensor/SHTXXSensor.h"
 #endif
 
 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
@@ -155,6 +147,15 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
     }
     LOG_INFO("Environment Telemetry adding I2C devices...");
 
+    /*
+        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
+        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
+    */
+
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;
+
     // order by priority of metrics/values (low top, high bottom)
 
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
@@ -202,15 +203,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_MCP9808.h>)
     addSensor<MCP9808Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MCP9808);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT31Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT31);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
     addSensor<LPS22HBSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::LPS22HB);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-    addSensor<SHTC3Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTC3);
-#endif
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
     addSensor<RAK12035Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::RAK12035);
 #endif
@@ -223,13 +218,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<ClosedCube_OPT3001.h>)
     addSensor<OPT3001Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::OPT3001);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT4XSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT4X);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
     addSensor<MLX90632Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MLX90632);
 #endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_BMP3XX.h>)
     addSensor<BMP3XXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BMP_3XX);
 #endif
@@ -245,7 +236,10 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<BH1750_WE.h>)
     addSensor<BH1750Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BH1750);
 #endif
-
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+    // TODO Can we scan for multiple sensors connected on the same bus?
+    addSensor<SHTXXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTXX);
+#endif
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -260,14 +254,6 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
     }
 
     uint32_t result = UINT32_MAX;
-    /*
-        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
-        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
-    */
-
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;
 
     if (!(moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled || moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled ||
           ENVIRONMENTAL_TELEMETRY_MODULE_ENABLE)) {

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHT31Sensor.cpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT31Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-SHT31Sensor::SHT31Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT31, "SHT31") {}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    sht31 = Adafruit_SHT31(bus);
-    status = sht31.begin(dev->address.address);
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht31.readTemperature();
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht31.readHumidity();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHT31Sensor.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-class SHT31Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT31 sht31;
-
-  public:
-    SHT31Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHT4XSensor.cpp

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT4XSensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-SHT4XSensor::SHT4XSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT4X, "SHT4X") {}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-
-    uint32_t serialNumber = 0;
-
-    status = sht4x.begin(bus);
-    if (!status) {
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    serialNumber = sht4x.readSerial();
-    if (serialNumber != 0) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("serialNumber : %x", serialNumber);
-        status = 1;
-    } else {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Error trying to execute readSerial(): ");
-        status = 0;
-    }
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    sht4x.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHT4XSensor.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-class SHT4XSensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT4x sht4x = Adafruit_SHT4x();
-
-  public:
-    SHT4XSensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTC3Sensor.cpp

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-SHTC3Sensor::SHTC3Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTC3, "SHTC3") {}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    status = shtc3.begin(bus);
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    shtc3.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTC3Sensor.h

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-class SHTC3Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHTC3 shtc3 = Adafruit_SHTC3();
-
-  public:
-    SHTC3Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTXXSensor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "SHTXXSensor.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+SHTXXSensor::SHTXXSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTXX, "SHTXX") {}
+
+void SHTXXSensor::getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType sensorType)
+{
+    switch (sensorType) {
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT2X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT2x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x/SHT85";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW2:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC3:
+        sensorVariant = "SHTC1/SHTC3/SHTW1/SHTW2";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT4x";
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        sensorVariant = "Unknown";
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
+{
+    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
+
+    _bus = bus;
+    _address = dev->address.address;
+
+    if (sht.init(*_bus)) {
+        LOG_INFO("%s: init(): success", sensorName);
+        getSensorVariant(sht.mSensorType);
+        LOG_INFO("%s Sensor detected: %s on 0x%x", sensorName, sensorVariant, _address);
+        status = 1;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s: init(): failed", sensorName);
+    }
+
+    initI2CSensor();
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accuracy setting of measurement.
+ * Not all sensors support changing the sampling accuracy (only SHT3X and SHT4X)
+ * SHTAccuracy:
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH: Highest repeatability at the cost of slower measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM: Balanced repeatability and speed of measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_LOW: Fastest measurement but lowest repeatability
+ */
+bool SHTXXSensor::setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy)
+{
+    // Only SHT3X-family (including alternates) and SHT4X support changing accuracy
+    if (sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT &&
+        sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85 && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X) {
+        LOG_WARN("%s doesn't support accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+    LOG_INFO("%s: setting new accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+    accuracy = newAccuracy;
+    return sht.setAccuracy(accuracy);
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
+{
+    if (sht.readSample()) {
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht.getTemperature();
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht.getHumidity();
+
+        LOG_INFO("%s (%s): Got: temp:%fdegC, hum:%f%%rh", sensorName, sensorVariant,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity);
+
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s (%s): read sample failed", sensorName, sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+AdminMessageHandleResult SHTXXSensor::handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                         meshtastic_AdminMessage *response)
+{
+    AdminMessageHandleResult result;
+    result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+
+    switch (request->which_payload_variant) {
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_sensor_config_tag:
+        if (!request->sensor_config.has_shtxx_config) {
+            result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Check for sensor accuracy setting
+        if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.has_set_accuracy) {
+            SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy;
+            if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 0) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_LOW;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 1) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 2) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH;
+            } else {
+                LOG_ERROR("%s: incorrect accuracy setting", sensorName);
+                result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+                break;
+            }
+            this->setAccuracy(newAccuracy);
+        }
+
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+#endif

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTXXSensor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+class SHTXXSensor : public TelemetrySensor
+{
+  private:
+    SHTSensor sht;
+    TwoWire *_bus{};
+    uint8_t _address{};
+    SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy accuracy{};
+    bool setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy);
+
+  public:
+    SHTXXSensor();
+    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
+    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
+    void getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType);
+    const char *sensorVariant{};
+
+    AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                meshtastic_AdminMessage *response) override;
+};
+
+#endif

src/modules/TrafficManagementModule.h

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "MeshModule.h"
+#include "concurrency/Lock.h"
+#include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+
+/**
+ * TrafficManagementModule - Packet inspection and traffic shaping for mesh networks.
+ *
+ * This module provides:
+ * - Position deduplication (drop redundant position broadcasts)
+ * - Per-node rate limiting (throttle chatty nodes)
+ * - Unknown packet filtering (drop undecoded packets from repeat offenders)
+ * - NodeInfo direct response (answer queries from cache to reduce mesh chatter)
+ * - Local-only telemetry/position (exhaust hop_limit for local broadcasts)
+ * - Router hop preservation (maintain hop_limit for router-to-router traffic)
+ *
+ * Memory Optimization:
+ * Uses a unified cache with cuckoo hashing for O(1) lookups and 56% memory reduction
+ * compared to separate per-feature caches. Timestamps are stored as 8-bit relative
+ * offsets from a rolling epoch to further reduce memory footprint.
+ */
+class TrafficManagementModule : public MeshModule, private concurrency::OSThread
+{
+  public:
+    TrafficManagementModule();
+    ~TrafficManagementModule();
+
+    // Singleton — no copying or moving
+    TrafficManagementModule(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+    TrafficManagementModule &operator=(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats getStats() const;
+    void resetStats();
+    void recordRouterHopPreserved();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this packet should have its hops exhausted.
+     * Called from perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 regardless of
+     * router_preserve_hops or favorite node logic.
+     */
+    bool shouldExhaustHops(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) const
+    {
+        return exhaustRequested && exhaustRequestedFrom == getFrom(&mp) && exhaustRequestedId == mp.id;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    bool wantPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override { return true; }
+    void alterReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    int32_t runOnce() override;
+    // Protected so test shims can force epoch rollover behavior.
+    void resetEpoch(uint32_t nowMs);
+
+  private:
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Unified Cache Entry (10 bytes) - Same for ALL platforms
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // A single compact structure used across ESP32, NRF52, and all other platforms.
+    // Memory: 10 bytes × 2048 entries = 20KB
+    //
+    // Position Fingerprinting:
+    //   Instead of storing full coordinates (8 bytes) or a computed hash,
+    //   we store an 8-bit fingerprint derived deterministically from the
+    //   truncated lat/lon. This extracts the lower 4 significant bits from
+    //   each coordinate: fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    //   Benefits over hash:
+    //   - Adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints (no collision)
+    //   - Two positions only collide if 16+ grid cells apart in BOTH dimensions
+    //   - Deterministic: same input always produces same output
+    //
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution:
+    //   All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated
+    //   from config at startup. Resolution = max(60, min(339, interval/2)).
+    //   - Min 60 seconds ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - Max 339 seconds allows ~24 hour range (255 * 339 = 86445 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Layout:
+    //   [0-3]   node            - NodeNum (4 bytes)
+    //   [4]     pos_fingerprint - 4 bits lat + 4 bits lon (1 byte)
+    //   [5]     rate_count      - Packets in current window (1 byte)
+    //   [6]     unknown_count   - Unknown packets count (1 byte)
+    //   [7]     pos_time        - Position timestamp (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [8]     rate_time       - Rate window start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [9]     unknown_time    - Unknown tracking start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //
+    struct __attribute__((packed)) UnifiedCacheEntry {
+        NodeNum node;            // 4 bytes - Node identifier (0 = empty slot)
+        uint8_t pos_fingerprint; // 1 byte  - Lower 4 bits of lat + lon
+        uint8_t rate_count;      // 1 byte  - Packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t unknown_count;   // 1 byte  - Unknown packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t pos_time;        // 1 byte  - Position timestamp (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t rate_time;       // 1 byte  - Rate window start (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t unknown_time;    // 1 byte  - Unknown tracking start (adaptive resolution)
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(UnifiedCacheEntry) == 10, "UnifiedCacheEntry should be 10 bytes");
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cuckoo Hash Table Implementation
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Cuckoo hashing provides O(1) worst-case lookup time using two hash functions.
+    // Each key can be in one of two possible locations (h1 or h2). On collision,
+    // the existing entry is "kicked" to its alternate location.
+    //
+    // Benefits over linear scan:
+    // - O(1) lookup vs O(n) - critical at packet processing rates
+    // - O(1) insertion (amortized) with simple eviction on cycles
+    // - ~95% load factor achievable
+    //
+    // Cache size rounds to power-of-2 for fast modulo via bitmask.
+    // TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE=2000 → cacheSize()=2048
+    //
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheSize();
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheMask();
+
+    // Hash functions for cuckoo hashing
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & cacheMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash2(NodeNum node) const { return ((node * 2654435769u) >> (32 - cuckooHashBits())) & cacheMask(); }
+    static constexpr uint8_t cuckooHashBits();
+
+    // NodeInfo cache configuration (PSRAM path):
+    // - Payload lives in PSRAM
+    // - DRAM keeps packed 12-bit tags with 4-way bucketed cuckoo hashing
+    //   (Fan et al., CoNEXT 2014). Tag value 0 is reserved as "empty".
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes = 3072; // 3KB DRAM tag store
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent = 95;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoBucketSize = 4;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTagBits = 12;
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTagMask = static_cast<uint16_t>((1u << kNodeInfoTagBits) - 1u);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes * 8u) / kNodeInfoTagBits);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlots =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>(kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw - (kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw % kNodeInfoBucketSize));
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTargetEntries =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexSlots * kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent) / 100u);
+    static_assert((kNodeInfoIndexSlots % kNodeInfoBucketSize) == 0, "NodeInfo slot count must align to bucket size");
+    static_assert(kNodeInfoTargetEntries < (1u << kNodeInfoTagBits), "NodeInfo tag bits must encode payload index");
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTargetEntries();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketSize();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTagBits();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTagMask();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexSlots();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketCount();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketHashBits();
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & nodeInfoBucketMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash2(NodeNum node) const
+    {
+        return ((node * 2246822519u) >> (32 - nodeInfoBucketHashBits())) & nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated from
+    // config at startup. This allows ~24 hour range while maintaining precision.
+    //
+    // Resolution formula: max(60, min(339, interval/2))
+    //   - 60 sec minimum ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - 339 sec maximum allows 24 hour range (255 * 339 ≈ 86400 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Since config changes require reboot, resolution is calculated once.
+    //
+    uint32_t cacheEpochMs = 0;
+    uint16_t posTimeResolution = 60;     // Seconds per tick for position
+    uint16_t rateTimeResolution = 60;    // Seconds per tick for rate limiting
+    uint16_t unknownTimeResolution = 60; // Seconds per tick for unknown tracking
+
+    // Calculate resolution from configured interval (called once at startup)
+    static uint16_t calcTimeResolution(uint32_t intervalSecs)
+    {
+        // Resolution = interval/2 to ensure at least 2 ticks per interval
+        // Clamped to [60, 339] for min precision and max 24h range
+        uint32_t res = (intervalSecs > 0) ? (intervalSecs / 2) : 60;
+        if (res < 60)
+            res = 60;
+        if (res > 339)
+            res = 339;
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(res);
+    }
+
+    // Convert to/from 8-bit relative timestamps with given resolution
+    uint8_t toRelativeTime(uint32_t nowMs, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        uint32_t ticks = (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) / (resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+        return (ticks > UINT8_MAX) ? UINT8_MAX : static_cast<uint8_t>(ticks);
+    }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeTime(uint8_t ticks, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        return cacheEpochMs + (static_cast<uint32_t>(ticks) * resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+    }
+
+    // Convenience wrappers for each timestamp type
+    uint8_t toRelativePosTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, posTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativePosTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, posTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeRateTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, rateTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeRateTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, rateTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeUnknownTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, unknownTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeUnknownTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, unknownTimeResolution); }
+
+    // Epoch reset when any timestamp approaches overflow
+    // With max resolution of 339 sec, 200 ticks = ~19 hours (safe margin for 24h max)
+    bool needsEpochReset(uint32_t nowMs) const
+    {
+        uint16_t maxRes = posTimeResolution;
+        if (rateTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = rateTimeResolution;
+        if (unknownTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = unknownTimeResolution;
+        return (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) > (200UL * maxRes * 1000UL);
+    }
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Position Fingerprint
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Computes 8-bit fingerprint from truncated lat/lon coordinates.
+    // Extracts lower 4 significant bits from each coordinate.
+    //
+    // fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    // Unlike a hash, adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints,
+    // so nearby positions never collide. Collisions only occur for
+    // positions 16+ grid cells apart in both dimensions.
+    //
+    // Guards: If precision < 4 bits, uses min(precision, 4) bits.
+    //
+    static uint8_t computePositionFingerprint(int32_t lat_truncated, int32_t lon_truncated, uint8_t precision);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Storage
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    mutable concurrency::Lock cacheLock; // Protects all cache access
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *cache = nullptr;  // Cuckoo hash table (unified for all platforms)
+    bool cacheFromPsram = false;         // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+
+    struct NodeInfoPayloadEntry {
+        // Node identifier associated with this payload slot.
+        // 0 means the slot is currently unused.
+        NodeNum node;
+
+        // Cached NODEINFO_APP payload body. This is separate from NodeDB and is only
+        // used by the PSRAM-backed direct-response path in this module.
+        meshtastic_User user;
+
+        // Extra response metadata captured from the latest observed NODEINFO_APP
+        // packet for this node. shouldRespondToNodeInfo() uses this metadata when
+        // building spoofed replies for requesting clients.
+
+        // Last local uptime tick (millis) when this entry was refreshed.
+        uint32_t lastObservedMs;
+
+        // Last RTC/packet timestamp (seconds) observed for this NodeInfo frame.
+        // If unavailable in packet, remains 0.
+        uint32_t lastObservedRxTime;
+
+        // Channel where we most recently heard this node's NodeInfo.
+        uint8_t sourceChannel;
+
+        // Cached decoded bitfield metadata from the source packet.
+        // We preserve non-OK_TO_MQTT bits in direct replies when available.
+        bool hasDecodedBitfield;
+        uint8_t decodedBitfield;
+    };
+
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *nodeInfoPayload = nullptr; // NodeInfo payloads in PSRAM
+    bool nodeInfoPayloadFromPsram = false;           // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+    uint8_t *nodeInfoIndex = nullptr;                // Packed 12-bit NodeInfo tags in DRAM
+    uint16_t nodeInfoAllocHint = 0;
+    uint16_t nodeInfoEvictCursor = 0;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats stats;
+
+    // Flag set during alterReceived() when packet should be exhausted.
+    // Checked by perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 only for the
+    // matching packet key (from + id). Reset at start of handleReceived().
+    bool exhaustRequested = false;
+    NodeNum exhaustRequestedFrom = 0;
+    PacketId exhaustRequestedId = 0;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Operations
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    // Find or create entry for node using cuckoo hashing
+    // Returns nullptr if cache is full and eviction fails
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findOrCreateEntry(NodeNum node, bool *isNew);
+
+    // Find existing entry (no creation)
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findEntry(NodeNum node);
+
+    // NodeInfo cache operations (bucketed cuckoo index + PSRAM payloads)
+    const NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node) const;
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findOrCreateNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node, bool *usedEmptySlot);
+    uint16_t findNodeInfoPayloadIndex(NodeNum node) const;
+    bool removeNodeInfoIndexEntry(NodeNum node, uint16_t payloadIndex);
+    uint16_t allocateNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    uint16_t evictNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    bool tryInsertNodeInfoEntryInBucket(uint16_t bucket, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t encodeNodeInfoTag(uint16_t payloadIndex) const;
+    uint16_t decodeNodeInfoPayloadIndex(uint16_t tag) const;
+    uint16_t getNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot) const;
+    void setNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t countNodeInfoEntriesLocked() const;
+    void cacheNodeInfoPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Traffic Management Logic
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    bool shouldDropPosition(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtastic_Position *pos, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldRespondToNodeInfo(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool sendResponse);
+    bool isMinHopsFromRequestor(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) const;
+    bool isRateLimited(NodeNum from, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldDropUnknown(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, uint32_t nowMs);
+
+    void logAction(const char *action, const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const char *reason) const;
+    void incrementStat(uint32_t *field);
+};
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Compile-time Cache Size Calculations
+// =========================================================================
+//
+// Round TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE up to next power of 2 for efficient
+// cuckoo hash indexing (allows bitmask instead of modulo).
+//
+// These use C++11-compatible constexpr (single return statement).
+//
+
+namespace detail
+{
+// Helper: round up to next power of 2 using bit manipulation
+constexpr uint16_t nextPow2(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n == 0 ? 0 : (((n - 1) | ((n - 1) >> 1) | ((n - 1) >> 2) | ((n - 1) >> 4) | ((n - 1) >> 8)) + 1);
+}
+
+// Helper: floor(log2(n)) for n >= 0, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Floor(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n >> 1)));
+}
+
+// Helper: ceil(log2(n)) for n >= 1, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Ceil(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n - 1)));
+}
+} // namespace detail
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheSize()
+{
+    return detail::nextPow2(TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE);
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheMask()
+{
+    return cacheSize() > 0 ? cacheSize() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::cuckooHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(cacheSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetEntries()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetEntries;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketSize()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoBucketSize;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagBits()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagBits;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagMask()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagMask;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexSlots()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexSlots;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketCount()
+{
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(nodeInfoIndexSlots() / nodeInfoBucketSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketMask()
+{
+    return nodeInfoBucketCount() > 0 ? nodeInfoBucketCount() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(nodeInfoBucketCount());
+}
+
+extern TrafficManagementModule *trafficManagementModule;
+
+#endif

src/modules/WaypointModule.cpp

@@ -15,15 +15,6 @@
 
 WaypointModule *waypointModule;
 
-static inline float degToRad(float deg)
-{
-    return deg * PI / 180.0f;
-}
-static inline float radToDeg(float rad)
-{
-    return rad * 180.0f / PI;
-}
-
 ProcessMessage WaypointModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
 #if defined(DEBUG_PORT) && !defined(DEBUG_MUTE)
@@ -91,9 +82,7 @@ void WaypointModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,
 
     // === Header ===
     graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
-
-    const int w = display->getWidth();
-    const int h = display->getHeight();
+    const int *textPos = graphics::getTextPositions(display);
 
     // Decode the waypoint
     const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp = devicestate.rx_waypoint;
@@ -108,71 +97,118 @@ void WaypointModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,
     getTimeAgoStr(sinceReceived(&mp), lastStr, sizeof(lastStr));
 
     // Will contain distance information, passed as a field to drawColumns
-    char distStr[20];
+    char distStr[20] = "";
 
     // Get our node, to use our own position
     meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
 
-    // Dimensions / co-ordinates for the compass/circle
-    const uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(w, h);
-    const int16_t compassX = x + w - (compassDiam / 2) - 5;
-    const int16_t compassY = (config.display.displaymode == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_DEFAULT)
-                                 ? y + h / 2
-                                 : y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (h - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
+    // Match compass sizing/placement to favorite node screen logic.
+    const int w = display->getWidth();
+    int16_t compassRadius = 8;
+    int16_t compassX = x + w - compassRadius - 8;
+    int16_t compassY = y + display->getHeight() / 2;
 
-    // If our node has a position:
-    if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading())) {
-        const meshtastic_PositionLite &op = ourNode->position;
-        float myHeading;
-        if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-            myHeading = 0;
-        } else {
-            if (screen->hasHeading())
-                myHeading = degToRad(screen->getHeading());
-            else
-                myHeading = screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
+    if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
+        const int16_t topY = textPos[1];
+        const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
+        const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;
+        compassRadius = usableHeight / 2;
+        if (compassRadius < 8)
+            compassRadius = 8;
+        compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH - compassRadius - 8;
+        compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;
+    } else {
+        // Waypoint content uses rows 1..4, so place the compass below that block.
+        const int yBelowContent = textPos[4] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
+        const int margin = 4;
+#if defined(USE_EINK)
+        const int iconSize = (graphics::currentResolution == graphics::ScreenResolution::High) ? 16 : 8;
+        const int navBarHeight = iconSize + 6;
+#else
+        const int navBarHeight = 0;
+#endif
+        const int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;
+        if (availableHeight > 0) {
+            compassRadius = availableHeight / 2;
+            if (compassRadius < 8)
+                compassRadius = 8;
+            if (compassRadius * 2 > SCREEN_WIDTH - 16)
+                compassRadius = (SCREEN_WIDTH - 16) / 2;
+            if (compassRadius < 8)
+                compassRadius = 8;
+            compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
+            compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;
         }
-        graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, (compassDiam / 2));
+    }
+    const uint16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;
 
-        // Compass bearing to waypoint
-        float bearingToOther =
-            GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i));
-        // If the top of the compass is a static north then bearingToOther can be drawn on the compass directly
-        // If the top of the compass is not a static north we need adjust bearingToOther based on heading
-        if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
-            bearingToOther -= myHeading;
-        graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearingToOther);
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;
 
-        float bearingToOtherDegrees = (bearingToOther < 0) ? bearingToOther + 2 * PI : bearingToOther;
-        bearingToOtherDegrees = radToDeg(bearingToOtherDegrees);
+    // Distance only needs our own position fix; compass/bearing additionally needs heading.
+    if (hasOwnPositionFix) {
+        const meshtastic_PositionLite &op = ourNode->position;
+        const float d =
+            GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
 
-        // Distance to Waypoint
-        float d = GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
+        // Always show distance once we have an own-position fix, even without heading.
         if (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) {
             float feet = d * METERS_TO_FEET;
-            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft   %.0f°" : "%.1fmi   %.0f°",
-                     feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET, bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft" : "%.1fmi",
+                     feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET);
         } else {
-            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm   %.0f°" : "%.1fkm   %.0f°", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000,
-                     bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm" : "%.1fkm", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000);
         }
+
+        float myHeading = 0.0f;
+        const bool hasHeading =
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), myHeading);
+        if (hasHeading) {
+            // Draw compass circle
+            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+
+            // Compass bearing to waypoint
+            float bearingToOther =
+                GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i));
+            bearingToOther = graphics::CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearingToOther, myHeading);
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearingToOther);
+
+            const float bearingToOtherDegrees = graphics::CompassRenderer::radiansToDegrees360(bearingToOther);
+
+            // Distance to waypoint with relative bearing when heading is available.
+            if (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) {
+                float feet = d * METERS_TO_FEET;
+                snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft   %.0f°" : "%.1fmi   %.0f°",
+                         feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET, bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm   %.0f°" : "%.1fkm   %.0f°", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000,
+                         bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
+        }
+    } else {
+        // No own fix yet, so compass/bearing data would be misleading.
+        statusLine1 = "No";
+        statusLine2 = "Fix";
     }
 
-    else {
-        display->drawString(compassX - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 4, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "?");
-
-        // ? in the distance field
-        snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), "? %s ?°",
-                 (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) ? "mi" : "km");
+    if (statusLine1) {
+        display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+        display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+        display->drawString(compassX, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, statusLine1);
+        display->drawString(compassX, compassY, statusLine2);
     }
 
-    // Draw compass circle
-    display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassDiam / 2);
-
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT); // Something above me changes to a different alignment, forcing a fix here!
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], lastStr);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], wp.name);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], wp.description);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], distStr);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], lastStr);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], wp.name);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], wp.description);
+    if (distStr[0])
+        display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], distStr);
 }
 #endif

src/modules/esp32/AudioModule.cpp

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ AudioModule::AudioModule() : SinglePortModule("Audio", meshtastic_PortNum_AUDIO_
     // moduleConfig.audio.i2s_sck = 14;
     // moduleConfig.audio.ptt_pin = 39;
 
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
         LOG_INFO("Set up codec2 in mode %u", (moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
         codec2 = codec2_create((moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
         memcpy(tx_header.magic, c2_magic, sizeof(c2_magic));
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void AudioModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int
 
 int32_t AudioModule::runOnce()
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
         esp_err_t res;
         if (firstTime) {
             // Set up I2S Processor configuration. This will produce 16bit samples at 8 kHz instead of 12 from the ADC
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void AudioModule::sendPayload(NodeNum dest, bool wantReplies)
 
 ProcessMessage AudioModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
         auto &p = mp.decoded;
         if (!isFromUs(&mp)) {
             memcpy(rx_encode_frame, p.payload.bytes, p.payload.size);

src/motion/BMM150Sensor.cpp

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 #endif
 
-// Flag when an interrupt has been detected
-volatile static bool BMM150_IRQ = false;
-
 BMM150Sensor::BMM150Sensor(ScanI2C::FoundDevice foundDevice) : MotionSensor::MotionSensor(foundDevice) {}
 
 bool BMM150Sensor::init()
@@ -23,24 +20,7 @@ int32_t BMM150Sensor::runOnce()
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
     float heading = sensor->getCompassDegree();
-
-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
     if (screen)
         screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -90,4 +70,4 @@ bool BMM150Singleton::init(ScanI2C::FoundDevice device)
     return true;
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/motion/BMX160Sensor.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ bool BMX160Sensor::init()
     if (sensor.begin()) {
         // set output data rate
         sensor.ODR_Config(BMX160_ACCEL_ODR_100HZ, BMX160_GYRO_ODR_100HZ);
+        loadMagnetometerCalibration(compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
         LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 init ok");
         return true;
     }
@@ -33,42 +34,12 @@ int32_t BMX160Sensor::runOnce()
     sensor.getAllData(&magAccel, NULL, &gAccel);
 
     if (doCalibration) {
-
-        if (!showingScreen) {
-            powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
-            showingScreen = true;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
-        }
-
-        if (magAccel.x > highestX)
-            highestX = magAccel.x;
-        if (magAccel.x < lowestX)
-            lowestX = magAccel.x;
-        if (magAccel.y > highestY)
-            highestY = magAccel.y;
-        if (magAccel.y < lowestY)
-            lowestY = magAccel.y;
-        if (magAccel.z > highestZ)
-            highestZ = magAccel.z;
-        if (magAccel.z < lowestZ)
-            lowestZ = magAccel.z;
-
-        uint32_t now = millis();
-        if (now > endCalibrationAt) {
-            doCalibration = false;
-            endCalibrationAt = 0;
-            showingScreen = false;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->endAlert();
-        }
-
-        // LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 min_x: %.4f, max_X: %.4f, min_Y: %.4f, max_Y: %.4f, min_Z: %.4f, max_Z: %.4f", lowestX, highestX,
-        // lowestY, highestY, lowestZ, highestZ);
+        beginCalibrationDisplay(showingScreen);
+        updateCalibrationExtrema(magAccel.x, magAccel.y, magAccel.z, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+        finishCalibrationIfExpired(showingScreen, compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ,
+                                   lowestZ);
     }
 
-    int highestRealX = highestX - (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
-
     magAccel.x -= (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
     magAccel.y -= (highestY + lowestY) / 2;
     magAccel.z -= (highestZ + lowestZ) / 2;
@@ -88,23 +59,7 @@ int32_t BMX160Sensor::runOnce()
 
     float heading = FusionCompassCalculateHeading(FusionConventionNed, ga, ma);
 
-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
     if (screen)
         screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -119,15 +74,8 @@ void BMX160Sensor::calibrate(uint16_t forSeconds)
     sBmx160SensorData_t gAccel;
     LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 calibration started for %is", forSeconds);
     sensor.getAllData(&magAccel, NULL, &gAccel);
-    highestX = magAccel.x, lowestX = magAccel.x;
-    highestY = magAccel.y, lowestY = magAccel.y;
-    highestZ = magAccel.z, lowestZ = magAccel.z;
-
-    doCalibration = true;
-    uint16_t calibrateFor = forSeconds * 1000; // calibrate for seconds provided
-    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
-    if (screen)
-        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+    seedCalibrationExtrema(magAccel.x, magAccel.y, magAccel.z, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+    startCalibrationWindow(forSeconds);
 #endif
 }
 

src/motion/BMX160Sensor.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class BMX160Sensor : public MotionSensor
   private:
     RAK_BMX160 sensor;
     bool showingScreen = false;
+    static constexpr const char *compassCalibrationFileName = "/prefs/compass_bmx160.dat";
     float highestX = 0, lowestX = 0, highestY = 0, lowestY = 0, highestZ = 0, lowestZ = 0;
 
   public:
@@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ class BMX160Sensor : public MotionSensor
 
 #endif
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/motion/ICM20948Sensor.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ bool ICM20948Sensor::init()
         return false;
 
     // Enable simple Wake on Motion
-    return sensor->setWakeOnMotion();
+    bool wakeOnMotionOk = sensor->setWakeOnMotion();
+    if (wakeOnMotionOk) {
+        loadMagnetometerCalibration(compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+    }
+    return wakeOnMotionOk;
 }
 
 #ifdef ICM_20948_INT_PIN
@@ -47,7 +51,8 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
-    if (screen && !screen->isScreenOn() && !config.display.wake_on_tap_or_motion && !config.device.double_tap_as_button_press) {
+    if (screen && !doCalibration && !screen->isScreenOn() && !config.display.wake_on_tap_or_motion &&
+        !config.device.double_tap_as_button_press) {
         if (!isAsleep) {
             LOG_DEBUG("sleeping IMU");
             sensor->sleep(true);
@@ -69,38 +74,10 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
     }
 
     if (doCalibration) {
-
-        if (!showingScreen) {
-            powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
-            showingScreen = true;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
-        }
-
-        if (magX > highestX)
-            highestX = magX;
-        if (magX < lowestX)
-            lowestX = magX;
-        if (magY > highestY)
-            highestY = magY;
-        if (magY < lowestY)
-            lowestY = magY;
-        if (magZ > highestZ)
-            highestZ = magZ;
-        if (magZ < lowestZ)
-            lowestZ = magZ;
-
-        uint32_t now = millis();
-        if (now > endCalibrationAt) {
-            doCalibration = false;
-            endCalibrationAt = 0;
-            showingScreen = false;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->endAlert();
-        }
-
-        // LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 min_x: %.4f, max_X: %.4f, min_Y: %.4f, max_Y: %.4f, min_Z: %.4f, max_Z: %.4f", lowestX, highestX,
-        //           lowestY, highestY, lowestZ, highestZ);
+        beginCalibrationDisplay(showingScreen);
+        updateCalibrationExtrema(magX, magY, magZ, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+        finishCalibrationIfExpired(showingScreen, compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ,
+                                   lowestZ);
     }
 
     magX -= (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
@@ -122,23 +99,7 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 
     float heading = FusionCompassCalculateHeading(FusionConventionNed, ga, ma);
 
-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
     if (screen)
         screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -169,26 +130,16 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 void ICM20948Sensor::calibrate(uint16_t forSeconds)
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
-    LOG_DEBUG("Old calibration data: highestX = %f, lowestX = %f, highestY = %f, lowestY = %f, highestZ = %f, lowestZ = %f",
-              highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
-    LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 calibration started for %is", forSeconds);
+    LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 cal start %is", forSeconds);
     if (sensor->dataReady()) {
         sensor->getAGMT();
-        highestX = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x;
-        lowestX = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x;
-        highestY = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y;
-        lowestY = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y;
-        highestZ = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z;
-        lowestZ = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z;
+        seedCalibrationExtrema(sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x, sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y, sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z, highestX, lowestX,
+                               highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
     } else {
-        highestX = 0, lowestX = 0, highestY = 0, lowestY = 0, highestZ = 0, lowestZ = 0;
+        seedCalibrationExtrema(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
     }
 
-    doCalibration = true;
-    uint16_t calibrateFor = forSeconds * 1000; // calibrate for seconds provided
-    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
-    if (screen)
-        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+    startCalibrationWindow(forSeconds);
 #endif
 }
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -314,11 +265,6 @@ bool ICM20948Singleton::setWakeOnMotion()
     status = intEnableWOM(true);
     LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 init set intEnableWOM - %s", statusString());
     return status == ICM_20948_Stat_Ok;
-
-    // Clear any current interrupts
-    ICM20948_IRQ = false;
-    clearInterrupts();
-    return true;
 }
 
 #endif

src/motion/ICM20948Sensor.h

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class ICM20948Sensor : public MotionSensor
     ICM20948Singleton *sensor = nullptr;
     bool showingScreen = false;
     bool isAsleep = false;
+    static constexpr const char *compassCalibrationFileName = "/prefs/compass_icm20948.dat";
 #ifdef MUZI_BASE
     float highestX = 449.000000, lowestX = -140.000000, highestY = 422.000000, lowestY = -232.000000, highestZ = 749.000000,
           lowestZ = 98.000000;
@@ -103,4 +104,4 @@ class ICM20948Sensor : public MotionSensor
 
 #endif
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/motion/MotionSensor.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,37 @@
 #include "MotionSensor.h"
+#include "FSCommon.h"
+#include "SPILock.h"
+#include "SafeFile.h"
 #include "graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.h"
 
 #if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C
 
 char timeRemainingBuffer[12];
 
+namespace
+{
+constexpr uint32_t COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC = 0x4D43414CL; // "MCAL"
+constexpr uint16_t COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION = 1;
+
+struct CompassCalibrationRecord {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint16_t reserved;
+    float highestX;
+    float lowestX;
+    float highestY;
+    float lowestY;
+    float highestZ;
+    float lowestZ;
+};
+
+bool isRangeValid(float highest, float lowest)
+{
+    // NaN/Inf guard without pulling in extra math helpers.
+    return (highest == highest) && (lowest == lowest) && (highest > lowest);
+}
+} // namespace
+
 // screen is defined in main.cpp
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 
@@ -32,33 +59,237 @@ ScanI2C::I2CPort MotionSensor::devicePort()
     return device.address.port;
 }
 
+bool MotionSensor::saveMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY, float lowestY,
+                                               float highestZ, float lowestZ)
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    if (!isRangeValid(highestX, lowestX) || !isRangeValid(highestY, lowestY) || !isRangeValid(highestZ, lowestZ)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
+    CompassCalibrationRecord record = {
+        COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC, COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION, 0, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ};
+
+    auto file = SafeFile(filePath, true);
+    const size_t written = file.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    return (written == sizeof(record)) && file.close();
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool MotionSensor::loadMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                               float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    CompassCalibrationRecord record = {};
+    size_t bytesRead = 0;
+
+    spiLock->lock();
+    auto file = FSCom.open(filePath, FILE_O_READ);
+    if (!file) {
+        spiLock->unlock();
+        return false;
+    }
+    bytesRead = file.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    file.close();
+    spiLock->unlock();
+
+    const bool headerValid = (bytesRead == sizeof(record)) && (record.magic == COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC) &&
+                             (record.version == COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION) && (record.reserved == 0U);
+    const bool rangeValid = isRangeValid(record.highestX, record.lowestX) && isRangeValid(record.highestY, record.lowestY) &&
+                            isRangeValid(record.highestZ, record.lowestZ);
+    if (!headerValid || !rangeValid) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    highestX = record.highestX;
+    lowestX = record.lowestX;
+    highestY = record.highestY;
+    lowestY = record.lowestY;
+    highestZ = record.highestZ;
+    lowestZ = record.lowestZ;
+
+    return true;
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::beginCalibrationDisplay(bool &showingScreen)
+{
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (!showingScreen) {
+        powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
+        showingScreen = true;
+        if (screen)
+            screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
+    }
+#else
+    (void)showingScreen;
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::finishCalibrationIfExpired(bool &showingScreen, const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX,
+                                              float highestY, float lowestY, float highestZ, float lowestZ)
+{
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    if ((int32_t)(now - endCalibrationAt) < 0)
+        return;
+
+    doCalibration = false;
+    endCalibrationAt = 0;
+    showingScreen = false;
+    saveMagnetometerCalibration(filePath, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (screen) {
+        screen->setEndCalibration(0);
+        screen->endAlert();
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::startCalibrationWindow(uint16_t forSeconds)
+{
+    doCalibration = true;
+    const uint32_t calibrateFor = static_cast<uint32_t>(forSeconds) * 1000U;
+    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (screen)
+        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::seedCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                          float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+    highestX = lowestX = x;
+    highestY = lowestY = y;
+    highestZ = lowestZ = z;
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::updateCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                            float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+    if (x > highestX)
+        highestX = x;
+    if (x < lowestX)
+        lowestX = x;
+    if (y > highestY)
+        highestY = y;
+    if (y < lowestY)
+        lowestY = y;
+    if (z > highestZ)
+        highestZ = z;
+    if (z < lowestZ)
+        lowestZ = z;
+}
+
+float MotionSensor::applyCompassOrientation(float heading)
+{
+    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 90;
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 180;
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 270;
+    default:
+        return heading;
+    }
+}
+
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
 void MotionSensor::drawFrameCalibration(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
     if (screen == nullptr)
         return;
-    // int x_offset = display->width() / 2;
-    // int y_offset = display->height() <= 80 ? 0 : 32;
-    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
-    display->setFont(FONT_MEDIUM);
-    display->drawString(x, y, "Calibrating\nCompass");
 
-    uint8_t timeRemaining = (screen->getEndCalibration() - millis()) / 1000;
-    sprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, "( %02d )", timeRemaining);
-    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-    display->drawString(x, y + 40, timeRemainingBuffer);
+    const int16_t width = display->getWidth();
+    const int16_t height = display->getHeight();
+    const bool compactLayout = (height <= 80);
+    const int16_t margin = 4;
+
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    const uint32_t endCalibrationAt = screen->getEndCalibration();
+    uint32_t timeRemaining = 0;
+    if (endCalibrationAt > now) {
+        timeRemaining = (endCalibrationAt - now + 999) / 1000;
+    }
 
     int16_t compassX = 0, compassY = 0;
-    uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(display->getWidth(), display->getHeight());
+    uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(width, height);
+    const int16_t compassRadius = compassDiam / 2;
 
     // coordinates for the center of the compass/circle
     if (config.display.displaymode == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_DEFAULT) {
-        compassX = x + display->getWidth() - compassDiam / 2 - 5;
-        compassY = y + display->getHeight() / 2;
+        compassX = x + width - compassRadius - margin;
+        compassY = y + height / 2;
     } else {
-        compassX = x + display->getWidth() - compassDiam / 2 - 5;
-        compassY = y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (display->getHeight() - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
+        compassX = x + width - compassRadius - margin;
+        compassY = y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (height - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
     }
+
+    const int16_t textLeft = x + 1;
+    const int16_t textRight = compassX - compassRadius - margin;
+    const int16_t textWidth = textRight - textLeft;
+    int16_t lineY = y;
+
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
+    if (textWidth > 12) {
+        const char *title = "Cal";
+        const char *line1 = "Figure-8";
+        const char *line2 = "Rotate axes";
+        const char *line3 = "Away from metal";
+
+        display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+        if (!compactLayout && display->getStringWidth("Compass Calibration") <= textWidth) {
+            display->setFont(FONT_MEDIUM);
+            title = "Compass Calibration";
+            line1 = "Move in figure-8";
+            line2 = "Rotate all axes";
+            line3 = "Keep from metal";
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_MEDIUM;
+            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+        } else if (display->getStringWidth("Compass Cal") <= textWidth) {
+            title = "Compass Cal";
+            if (textWidth >= display->getStringWidth("Move in figure-8")) {
+                line1 = "Move in figure-8";
+                line2 = "Rotate all axes";
+                line3 = "Keep from metal";
+            }
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        } else {
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        }
+
+        display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line1);
+        lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line2);
+        lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        if (!compactLayout || textWidth >= display->getStringWidth(line3)) {
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (textWidth >= display->getStringWidth("000s left")) {
+        snprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, sizeof(timeRemainingBuffer), "%lus left", (unsigned long)timeRemaining);
+    } else {
+        snprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, sizeof(timeRemainingBuffer), "%lus", (unsigned long)timeRemaining);
+    }
+    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+    if (textWidth > 12) {
+        display->drawString(textLeft, y + height - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1, timeRemainingBuffer);
+    }
+
     display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassDiam / 2);
     graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, screen->getHeading() * PI / 180, (compassDiam / 2));
 }

src/motion/MotionSensor.h

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #ifndef _MOTION_SENSOR_H_
 #define _MOTION_SENSOR_H_
 
-#define MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS 100
+#define MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS 50
 #define MOTION_SENSOR_CLICK_THRESHOLD 40
 
 #include "../configuration.h"
@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ class MotionSensor
     static void drawFrameCalibration(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 #endif
 
+    bool saveMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY, float lowestY,
+                                     float highestZ, float lowestZ);
+    bool loadMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY, float &lowestY,
+                                     float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    void beginCalibrationDisplay(bool &showingScreen);
+    void finishCalibrationIfExpired(bool &showingScreen, const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY,
+                                    float lowestY, float highestZ, float lowestZ);
+    void startCalibrationWindow(uint16_t forSeconds);
+    static void seedCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                       float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    static void updateCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                         float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    static float applyCompassOrientation(float heading);
+
     ScanI2C::FoundDevice device;
 
     // Do calibration if true
@@ -63,4 +77,4 @@ class MotionSensor
 
 #endif
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/mqtt/MQTT.cpp

@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ bool connectPubSub(const PubSubConfig &config, PubSubClient &pubSub, Client &cli
     pubSub.setClient(client);
     pubSub.setServer(config.serverAddr.c_str(), config.serverPort);
 
-    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: %s", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
-             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername, config.mqttPassword);
+    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: ***", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
+             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername);
 
     // Generate node ID from nodenum for client identification
     std::string nodeId = nodeDB->getNodeId();

src/platform/nrf52/main-nrf52.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <nrfx_wdt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 // #include <Adafruit_USBD_Device.h>
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "PowerMon.h"
 #include "error.h"
@@ -398,15 +399,14 @@ void nrf52Setup()
 #endif
 
     // Init random seed
-    union seedParts {
-        uint32_t seed32;
-        uint8_t seed8[4];
-    } seed;
-    nRFCrypto.begin();
-    nRFCrypto.Random.generate(seed.seed8, sizeof(seed.seed8));
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set random seed %u", seed.seed32);
-    randomSeed(seed.seed32);
-    nRFCrypto.end();
+    uint32_t seed = 0;
+    if (!HardwareRNG::seed(seed)) {
+        LOG_WARN("Hardware RNG seed unavailable, using PRNG fallback");
+        // Use a hardware timer value as a fallback seed for better entropy
+        seed = micros();
+    }
+    LOG_DEBUG("Set random seed %u", seed);
+    randomSeed(seed);
 
     // Set up nrfx watchdog. Do not enable the watchdog yet (we do that
     // the first time through the main loop), so that other threads can

src/platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "CryptoEngine.h"
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "PortduinoGPIO.h"
 #include "SPIChip.h"
 #include "mesh/RF95Interface.h"
@@ -181,6 +182,10 @@ void portduinoSetup()
     // Force stdout to be line buffered
     setvbuf(stdout, stdoutBuffer, _IOLBF, sizeof(stdoutBuffer));
 
+    // We do this super early so that we can log from the rest of the init code
+    concurrency::hasBeenSetup = true;
+    consoleInit();
+
     if (portduino_config.force_simradio == true) {
         portduino_config.lora_module = use_simradio;
     } else if (configPath != nullptr) {
@@ -233,7 +238,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
         std::cout << "Running in simulated mode." << std::endl;
         portduino_config.MaxNodes = 200; // Default to 200 nodes
         // Set the random seed equal to TCPPort to have a different seed per instance
-        randomSeed(TCPPort);
+        uint32_t seed = TCPPort;
+        HardwareRNG::seed(seed);
+        randomSeed(seed);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -512,7 +519,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
 #endif
     printf("MAC ADDRESS: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", dmac[0], dmac[1], dmac[2], dmac[3], dmac[4], dmac[5]);
     // Rather important to set this, if not running simulated.
-    randomSeed(time(NULL));
+    uint32_t seed = static_cast<uint32_t>(time(NULL));
+    HardwareRNG::seed(seed);
+    randomSeed(seed);
 
     std::string defaultGpioChipName = gpioChipName + std::to_string(portduino_config.lora_default_gpiochip);
 
@@ -645,7 +654,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
     if (verboseEnabled && portduino_config.logoutputlevel != level_trace) {
         portduino_config.logoutputlevel = level_debug;
     }
-
+    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "") {
+        portduinoSetOptions({.realHardware = true});
+    }
     return;
 }
 

src/platform/rp2xx0/main-rp2xx0.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "hardware/xosc.h"
 #include <hardware/clocks.h>
@@ -98,10 +99,12 @@ void getMacAddr(uint8_t *dmac)
 
 void rp2040Setup()
 {
-    /* Sets a random seed to make sure we get different random numbers on each boot.
-       Taken from CPU cycle counter and ROSC oscillator, so should be pretty random.
-    */
-    randomSeed(rp2040.hwrand32());
+    /* Sets a random seed to make sure we get different random numbers on each boot. */
+    uint32_t seed = 0;
+    if (!HardwareRNG::seed(seed)) {
+        seed = rp2040.hwrand32();
+    }
+    randomSeed(seed);
 
 #ifdef RP2040_SLOW_CLOCK
     uint f_pll_sys = frequency_count_khz(CLOCKS_FC0_SRC_VALUE_PLL_SYS_CLKSRC_PRIMARY);

src/platform/stm32wl/hardfault_handler.s

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.globl HardFault_Handler
+.syntax unified
+.thumb
+
+.type HardFault_Handler, %function
+HardFault_Handler:
+tst lr, #4
+ite eq
+mrseq r0, msp
+mrsne r0, psp
+b HardFault_Handler_C

src/platform/stm32wl/main-stm32wl.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,60 @@
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stm32wle5xx.h>
 #include <stm32wlxx_hal.h>
 
+// ─── Bootloader redirect ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// Why .noinit + constructor instead of TAMP backup registers:
+//
+//   The STM32duino startup sequence initialises clocks which may call
+//   __HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_FORCE/RELEASE when configuring the LSE oscillator,
+//   wiping the entire backup domain (including TAMP->BKP0R) before setup()
+//   ever runs. The backup-register approach therefore cannot reliably survive
+//   a soft reset in this toolchain.
+//
+//   Solution: store the magic in a .noinit SRAM variable.
+//   - NVIC_SystemReset() does NOT clear SRAM.
+//   - The linker script skips zero-init for .noinit sections.
+//   - __attribute__((constructor)) fires before main()/HAL_Init(), so we can
+//     intercept and jump before anything disturbs peripheral state.
+
+#define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0xD00DB007UL
+#define SYS_MEM_BASE 0x1FFF0000UL
+
+// Placed in .noinit — not zeroed at startup, survives NVIC_SystemReset().
+__attribute__((section(".noinit"), used)) volatile uint32_t g_bootloaderMagic;
+
+// Fires before main() / HAL_Init(). Must use only core Cortex-M registers.
+__attribute__((constructor(101), used)) static void earlyBootCheck(void)
+{
+    if (g_bootloaderMagic != BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
+        return;
+    g_bootloaderMagic = 0;
+
+    SysTick->CTRL = 0;
+    SysTick->LOAD = 0;
+    SysTick->VAL = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        NVIC->ICER[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        NVIC->ICPR[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    }
+    __DSB();
+    __ISB();
+    SCB->VTOR = SYS_MEM_BASE;
+    __set_MSP(*(volatile uint32_t *)SYS_MEM_BASE);
+    ((void (*)(void))(*(volatile uint32_t *)(SYS_MEM_BASE + 4)))();
+    while (1)
+        ;
+}
+
+void enterDfuMode()
+{
+    g_bootloaderMagic = BOOTLOADER_MAGIC;
+    HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
+}
+
 void setBluetoothEnable(bool enable) {}
 
 void playStartMelody() {}
@@ -53,4 +105,99 @@ extern "C" void __wrap__tzset_unlocked_r(struct _reent *reent_ptr)
 {
     return;
 }
-#endif
+#endif
+
+// Taken from https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/cortex-m-hardfault-debug
+typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) ContextStateFrame {
+    uint32_t r0;
+    uint32_t r1;
+    uint32_t r2;
+    uint32_t r3;
+    uint32_t r12;
+    uint32_t lr;
+    uint32_t return_address;
+    uint32_t xpsr;
+} sContextStateFrame;
+
+// NOTE: If you are using CMSIS, the registers can also be
+// accessed through CoreDebug->DHCSR & CoreDebug_DHCSR_C_DEBUGEN_Msk
+#define HALT_IF_DEBUGGING()                                                                                                      \
+    do {                                                                                                                         \
+        if ((*(volatile uint32_t *)0xE000EDF0) & (1 << 0)) {                                                                     \
+            __asm("bkpt 1");                                                                                                     \
+        }                                                                                                                        \
+    } while (0)
+
+static char hardfault_message_buffer[256];
+
+// printf directly using srcwrapper's debug UART function.
+static void debug_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    int length = vsnprintf(hardfault_message_buffer, sizeof(hardfault_message_buffer), format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    if (length < 0)
+        return;
+    uart_debug_write((uint8_t *)hardfault_message_buffer, min((unsigned int)length, sizeof(hardfault_message_buffer) - 1));
+}
+
+// N picked by guessing
+#define DOT_TIME 1200000
+static void dot()
+{
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_ON);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_OFF);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+static void dash()
+{
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_ON);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < (DOT_TIME * 3); i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_OFF);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+static void space()
+{
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < (DOT_TIME * 3); i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+// Disable optimizations for this function so "frame" argument
+// does not get optimized away
+extern "C" __attribute__((optimize("O0"))) void HardFault_Handler_C(sContextStateFrame *frame)
+{
+    debug_printf("HardFault!\r\n");
+    debug_printf("r0: %08x\r\n", frame->r0);
+    debug_printf("r1: %08x\r\n", frame->r1);
+    debug_printf("r2: %08x\r\n", frame->r2);
+    debug_printf("r3: %08x\r\n", frame->r3);
+    debug_printf("r12: %08x\r\n", frame->r12);
+    debug_printf("lr: %08x\r\n", frame->lr);
+    debug_printf("pc[return address]: %08x\r\n", frame->return_address);
+    debug_printf("xpsr: %08x\r\n", frame->xpsr);
+
+    HALT_IF_DEBUGGING();
+
+    // blink SOS forever
+    while (1) {
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dash();
+        dash();
+        dash();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        space();
+    }
+}

src/power.h

@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
 
 // Device specific curves go in variant.h
 #ifndef OCV_ARRAY
+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && BATTERY_PIN == AVBAT
+// STM32 VDD/VBAT absolute maximum is 4V so use an LFP curve
+#define OCV_ARRAY 3650, 3400, 3340, 3320, 3300, 3280, 3270, 3260, 3240, 3200, 2500
+#else
 #define OCV_ARRAY 4190, 4050, 3990, 3890, 3800, 3720, 3630, 3530, 3420, 3300, 3100
 #endif
+#endif
 
 /*Note: 12V lead acid is 6 cells, most board accept only 1 cell LiIon/LiPo*/
 #ifndef NUM_CELLS

test/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# Native Unit Tests — Authoring Guide
+
+This directory contains C++ unit tests that run on the host machine via PlatformIO's native environment. Tests use the [Unity](http://www.throwtheswitch.org/unity) framework.
+
+## Running Tests
+
+```bash
+# All test suites
+pio test -e native
+
+# Single suite
+pio test -e native -f test_your_module
+
+# Verbose (shows build errors in detail)
+pio test -e native -f test_your_module -vvv
+```
+
+### Helper Scripts (Useful Shortcuts)
+
+These wrappers are handy when local host dependencies are missing or when you want repeatable commands.
+
+```bash
+# Run native tests in Docker (recommended on macOS / non-Linux hosts)
+./bin/test-native-docker.sh
+
+# Pass normal PlatformIO test args through to Dockerized test run
+./bin/test-native-docker.sh -f test_your_module
+
+# Force Docker image rebuild (after dependency changes)
+./bin/test-native-docker.sh --rebuild
+
+# Run simulator integration check (build native first)
+pio run -e native && ./bin/test-simulator.sh
+
+# Build and run meshtasticd natively
+./bin/native-run.sh
+
+# Build and run under gdbserver on localhost:2345
+./bin/native-gdbserver.sh
+
+# Build native release artifact into ./release/
+./bin/build-native.sh native
+```
+
+Notes:
+
+- The repository script name is `./bin/test-simulator.sh` (there is no `test-native-simulator.sh`).
+- `./bin/test-native-docker.sh` is the closest match to CI behavior for native tests and avoids host package setup.
+
+### System Dependencies (Ubuntu/Debian)
+
+The native build requires several system libraries. Install them all at once:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get install -y \
+  libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev openssl libssl-dev \
+  libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev
+```
+
+See `.github/actions/setup-native/action.yml` for the canonical list.
+
+## Creating a New Test Suite
+
+### 1. Directory Structure
+
+```text
+test/test_your_module/test_main.cpp
+```
+
+One file per suite. No per-test `platformio.ini` is needed — tests build under the `[env:native]` environment defined in the root `platformio.ini`.
+
+### 2. File Skeleton
+
+```cpp
+#include "MeshTypes.h"      // Include BEFORE TestUtil.h (provides NodeNum, etc.)
+#include "TestUtil.h"        // initializeTestEnvironment(), testDelay()
+#include <unity.h>
+
+#if YOUR_FEATURE_GUARD       // Same #if guard as the module under test
+
+#include "FSCommon.h"
+#include "gps/RTC.h"
+#include "mesh/NodeDB.h"
+#include "modules/YourModule.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+
+// --- Test output helpers ---
+// Unity swallows printf/stdout. Only TEST_MESSAGE() output appears in results.
+#define MSG_BUF_LEN 200
+#define TEST_MSG_FMT(fmt, ...) do { \
+    char _buf[MSG_BUF_LEN]; \
+    snprintf(_buf, sizeof(_buf), fmt, __VA_ARGS__); \
+    TEST_MESSAGE(_buf); \
+} while(0)
+
+// --- Tests ---
+
+void test_example()
+{
+    TEST_MESSAGE("=== Example test ===");
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(true);
+}
+
+// --- Unity lifecycle ---
+
+void setUp(void) { /* runs before every test */ }
+void tearDown(void) { /* runs after every test */ }
+
+void setup()
+{
+    initializeTestEnvironment();   // MUST call — sets up RTC, OSThread, console
+    UNITY_BEGIN();
+    RUN_TEST(test_example);
+    exit(UNITY_END());             // exit() required — Unity runner expects it
+}
+
+void loop() {}
+
+#else // !YOUR_FEATURE_GUARD
+
+void setUp(void) {}
+void tearDown(void) {}
+
+void setup()
+{
+    initializeTestEnvironment();
+    UNITY_BEGIN();
+    exit(UNITY_END());
+}
+
+void loop() {}
+
+#endif
+```
+
+### 3. Feature Guard
+
+Wrap the entire test body in the same `#if` guard the module uses (e.g. `#if HAS_VARIABLE_HOPS`, `#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GPS`). When the feature is disabled, the `#else` branch produces an empty passing suite.
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### MockNodeDB
+
+Most module tests need to inject nodes with controlled hop distances and ages:
+
+```cpp
+class MockNodeDB : public NodeDB
+{
+  public:
+    void clearTestNodes()
+    {
+        testNodes.clear();
+        numMeshNodes = 0;
+    }
+
+    void addTestNode(NodeNum num, uint8_t hopsAway, bool hasHops,
+                     uint32_t ageSecs, bool viaMqtt = false)
+    {
+        meshtastic_NodeInfoLite node = meshtastic_NodeInfoLite_init_zero;
+        node.num = num;
+        node.has_hops_away = hasHops;
+        node.hops_away = hopsAway;
+        node.via_mqtt = viaMqtt;
+        node.last_heard = getTime() - ageSecs;
+        testNodes.push_back(node);
+        meshNodes = &testNodes;
+        numMeshNodes = testNodes.size();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<meshtastic_NodeInfoLite> testNodes;
+};
+
+static MockNodeDB *mockNodeDB = nullptr;
+```
+
+Set `nodeDB = mockNodeDB;` in `setUp()`.
+
+### Test Shim (Exposing Protected/Private Members)
+
+Subclass the module under test to make protected methods callable and private members writable:
+
+```cpp
+class YourModuleTestShim : public YourModule
+{
+  public:
+    // Expose protected methods
+    using YourModule::runOnce;
+    using YourModule::someProtectedMethod;
+
+    // Access private members via friend (see below)
+    void setPrivateField(int x) { privateField = x; }
+};
+```
+
+In the module header, grant friend access under the `UNIT_TEST` define (set automatically by PlatformIO's test framework):
+
+```cpp
+// In YourModule.h, inside the class body:
+#ifdef UNIT_TEST
+    friend class YourModuleTestShim;
+#endif
+```
+
+### Global Singleton Lifecycle
+
+Most modules use a global pointer (`extern YourModule *yourModule;`). Manage it carefully:
+
+```cpp
+void setUp(void) {
+    // ... setup ...
+}
+
+void tearDown(void) {
+    yourModule = nullptr;   // prevent dangling pointer between tests
+}
+
+void test_something() {
+    auto shim = std::unique_ptr<YourModuleTestShim>(new YourModuleTestShim());
+    yourModule = shim.get();
+    // ... test ...
+    yourModule = nullptr;
+}
+```
+
+## Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
+
+### 1. Persisted Filesystem State Leaks Between Tests
+
+Modules that save state to `/prefs/*.bin` will have that state loaded by the next test's constructor via `loadState()`. This causes values from one test (e.g. rolling averages from a megamesh scenario) to bleed into unrelated tests.
+
+**Fix:** Delete state files at the start of `setUp()`:
+
+```cpp
+void setUp(void) {
+    // ...
+#ifdef FSCom
+    FSCom.remove("/prefs/your_module.bin");
+#endif
+}
+```
+
+### 2. File-Scope Mutable Globals Persist Across Tests
+
+Variables like `static uint8_t someDenominator = 8;` in the module `.cpp` file retain mutations from previous tests. This is distinct from member variables — it affects all instances.
+
+**Fix:** Add a `static void resetGlobal()` method to the module and call it in `setUp()`.
+
+### 3. Randomness Breaks Determinism
+
+If the module uses `rand()` for jitter or similar, test results become non-reproducible.
+
+**Fix:** Add a static enable/disable flag:
+
+```cpp
+// Module header:
+static void setJitter(bool enabled) { s_jitterEnabled = enabled; }
+
+// Test setUp:
+YourModule::setJitter(false);
+
+// Test tearDown:
+YourModule::setJitter(true);
+```
+
+### 4. Time-Dependent Logic Produces Zeros
+
+Rolling averages weighted by `elapsedMs / ONE_HOUR_MS` collapse to zero when tests complete in microseconds. Sample windows, EMA alphas, and interval-based accumulators all suffer from this.
+
+**Fix:** Expose the timestamp via friend access and simulate realistic elapsed time:
+
+```cpp
+// In test shim:
+void setWindowStartMs(uint32_t ms) { windowStartMs = ms; }
+
+// In test:
+shim.setWindowStartMs(millis() - 3600000UL);  // pretend 1 hour elapsed
+```
+
+### 5. Capacity Limits Cause Cascading Failures
+
+Fixed-size data structures (hash sets, ring buffers) overflow when tests inject more data than fits. This triggers early flushes with near-zero time fractions, compounding the time-dependent-zeros problem.
+
+**Fix:** Simulate multiple realistic time windows rather than one massive burst. Let adaptive mechanisms (if any) self-tune over several rolls.
+
+## setUp/tearDown Checklist
+
+- [ ] Create and clear MockNodeDB (if needed)
+- [ ] Zero global configs: `config`, `moduleConfig`, `myNodeInfo`
+- [ ] Set `nodeDB = mockNodeDB`
+- [ ] Delete persisted state files (`FSCom.remove(...)`)
+- [ ] Reset file-scope mutable globals
+- [ ] Disable randomness/jitter flags
+- [ ] In `tearDown`: null the global singleton pointer, restore flags
+
+## Test Organization
+
+A well-structured test suite follows this pattern:
+
+1. **Topology/scenario builders** — static helper functions that set up specific test conditions
+2. **Injection helpers** — simulate realistic traffic, time, or event patterns
+3. **Scenario tests** — each builds a scenario, runs the module, asserts on outcomes
+4. **Lifecycle tests** — state persistence, startup from blank, restart recovery
+5. **Summary test** (optional) — emits a scenario table into the log for quick CI review
+
+## Existing Test Suites
+
+| Suite                        | Module Under Test             |
+| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
+| `test_crypto`                | CryptoEngine                  |
+| `test_mqtt`                  | MQTT integration              |
+| `test_radio`                 | Radio interface               |
+| `test_mesh_module`           | Module framework              |
+| `test_meshpacket_serializer` | Packet serialization          |
+| `test_transmit_history`      | Retransmission tracking       |
+| `test_atak`                  | ATAK integration              |
+| `test_default`               | Default configuration helpers |
+| `test_http_content_handler`  | HTTP handling                 |
+| `test_serial`                | Serial communication          |
+| `test_hop_scaling`           | Hop scaling algorithm         |
+| `test_traffic_management`    | Traffic management            |

test/test_admin_radio/test_main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for the radio configuration validation and clamping functions
+ * introduced in the radio_interface_cherrypick branch.
+ *
+ * Targets:
+ *  1. getRegion()
+ *  2. RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion()
+ *  3. RadioInterface::validateConfigLora()
+ *  4. RadioInterface::clampConfigLora()
+ *  5. RegionInfo preset lists (PRESETS_STD, PRESETS_EU_868, PRESETS_UNDEF)
+ *  6. Channel spacing calculation (placeholder for future protobuf changes)
+ */
+
+#include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "MeshService.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "RadioInterface.h"
+#include "TestUtil.h"
+#include "modules/AdminModule.h"
+#include <unity.h>
+
+#include "meshtastic/config.pb.h"
+
+class MockMeshService : public MeshService
+{
+  public:
+    void sendClientNotification(meshtastic_ClientNotification *n) override { releaseClientNotificationToPool(n); }
+};
+
+static MockMeshService *mockMeshService;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// getRegion() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+extern const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code);
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_US()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("US", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_EU868()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("EU_868", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_LORA24()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->wideLora);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_unsetCodeReturnsUnsetEntry()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("UNSET", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_unknownCodeFallsToUnset()
+{
+    // A code not in the table should iterate to the UNSET sentinel
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)255);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// validateConfigRegion() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_validateConfigRegion_validRegionReturnsTrue()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+
+    // Ensure owner is not licensed (should not matter for non-licensed-only regions)
+    devicestate.owner.is_licensed = false;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigRegion_unsetRegionReturnsTrue()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+
+    devicestate.owner.is_licensed = false;
+
+    // UNSET region has licensedOnly=false, so should pass
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(cfg));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shadow tables for testing (preset lists → profiles → regions → lookup)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A minimal preset list with only one entry
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_SINGLE[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// A preset list that includes all turbo variants only
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_TURBO_ONLY[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// A restricted list simulating a hypothetical tight-regulation region
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_RESTRICTED[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// Mirrors PROFILE_STD but with non-zero spacing/padding for testing
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_SPACED = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_SINGLE,
+    /* spacing */ 0.025f,
+    /* padding */ 0.010f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ true,
+    /* licensedOnly */ false,
+    /* textThrottle */ 0,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 0,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 0,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 0,
+};
+
+// A licensed-only profile for testing access control
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_LICENSED = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_RESTRICTED,
+    /* spacing */ 0.0f,
+    /* padding */ 0.0f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ false,
+    /* licensedOnly */ true,
+    /* textThrottle */ 5,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 10,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 10,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 3,
+};
+
+// Turbo-only profile
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_TURBO = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_TURBO_ONLY,
+    /* spacing */ 0.0f,
+    /* padding */ 0.0f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ true,
+    /* licensedOnly */ false,
+    /* textThrottle */ 0,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 0,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 0,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 0,
+};
+
+static const RegionInfo testRegions[] = {
+    // A wide US-like region with spacing + padding
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_SPACED, "TEST_US_SPACED"},
+
+    // A narrow band simulating tight EU regulation
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 14, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_LICENSED,
+     "TEST_EU_LICENSED"},
+
+    // A wide-LoRa region with turbo-only presets
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, &TEST_PROFILE_TURBO,
+     "TEST_LORA24_TURBO"},
+
+    // Sentinel — must be last
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_SPACED, "TEST_UNSET"},
+};
+
+static const RegionInfo *getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = testRegions;
+    while (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+        if (r->code == code)
+            return r;
+        r++;
+    }
+    return r; // Returns the UNSET sentinel
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shadow table tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_shadowTable_spacedProfileHasNonZeroSpacing()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST_US_SPACED", r->name);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.025f, r->profile->spacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.010f, r->profile->padding);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_licensedProfileFlagsCorrect()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->profile->licensedOnly);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(r->profile->audioPermitted);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(3, r->profile->overrideSlot);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_presetCountMatchesExpected()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *spaced = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(1, spaced->getNumPresets());
+
+    const RegionInfo *licensed = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(2, licensed->getNumPresets());
+
+    const RegionInfo *turbo = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(2, turbo->getNumPresets());
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_defaultPresetIsFirstInList()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *spaced = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, spaced->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    const RegionInfo *licensed = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW, licensed->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    const RegionInfo *turbo = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO, turbo->getDefaultPreset());
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_channelSpacingWithPadding()
+{
+    // Verify channel count when spacing + padding are non-zero
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(r->getDefaultPreset(), r->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = r->profile->spacing + (r->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+
+    // spacing=0.025, padding=0.010*2=0.020, bw=250kHz=0.250
+    // channelSpacing = 0.025 + 0.020 + 0.250 = 0.295 MHz
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.295f, channelSpacing);
+
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((r->freqEnd - r->freqStart + r->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+    // (928 - 902 + 0.025) / 0.295 = 88.2 → 88
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(88, numChannels);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_turboOnlyOnWideLora()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO, r->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    // Verify wide-LoRa bandwidth for SHORT_TURBO
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(r->getDefaultPreset(), r->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.1f, 1625.0f, bw); // 1625 kHz in wide mode
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_unknownCodeFallsToSentinel()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)200);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST_UNSET", r->name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// validateConfigLora() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPresetForUS()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_allStdPresetsValidForUS()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset stdPresets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(stdPresets) / sizeof(stdPresets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = stdPresets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for US");
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_turboPresetsInvalidForEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 has PRESETS_EU_868 which excludes SHORT_TURBO and LONG_TURBO
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "SHORT_TURBO should be invalid for EU_868");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "LONG_TURBO should be invalid for EU_868");
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPresetsForEU868()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset eu868Presets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(eu868Presets) / sizeof(eu868Presets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = eu868Presets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for EU_868");
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthTooWideForEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 spans 869.4 - 869.65 = 0.25 MHz = 250 kHz
+    // A 500 kHz custom BW should be rejected
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 500;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsUS()
+{
+    // US spans 902 - 928 = 26 MHz, so 250 kHz BW fits easily
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 250;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 spans 250 kHz, 125 kHz BW should fit
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 125;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 12;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 8;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_bogusPresetRejected()
+{
+    // A fabricated preset value not in any list should be rejected
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_unsetRegionOnlyAcceptsLongFast()
+{
+    // UNSET uses PROFILE_UNDEF which has only LONG_FAST
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "LONG_FAST should be valid for UNSET");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "MEDIUM_FAST should be invalid for UNSET");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "SHORT_TURBO should be invalid for UNSET");
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_allPresetsValidForLORA24()
+{
+    // LORA_24 uses PROFILE_STD (9 presets) with wideLora=true
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset stdPresets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(stdPresets) / sizeof(stdPresets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = stdPresets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for LORA_24");
+    }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// clampConfigLora() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO; // not in EU_868 preset list
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_customBwTooWideClampedToDefaultBw()
+{
+    // EU_868 span is 250kHz. A 500kHz custom BW should be clamped to default preset BW.
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 500;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    float expectedBw = modemPresetToBwKHz(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), eu868->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, expectedBw, (float)cfg.bandwidth);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_customBwValidLeftUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 125;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 12;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 8;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(125, cfg.bandwidth);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_bogusPresetOnUnsetClampedToLongFast()
+{
+    // UNSET uses PROFILE_UNDEF with only LONG_FAST; any other preset should clamp to it
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetOnLORA24ClampedToDefault()
+{
+    // LORA_24 uses PROFILE_STD; a bogus preset should clamp to LONG_FAST (first in PRESETS_STD)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *lora24 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(lora24->getDefaultPreset(), cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RegionInfo preset list integrity tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_presetsStd_hasNineEntries()
+{
+    // PROFILE_STD should have exactly 9 presets
+    const RegionInfo *us = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(9, us->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_STD.presets, us->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_presetsEU868_hasSevenEntries()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *eu = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(7, eu->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_EU868.presets, eu->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_presetsUndef_hasOneEntry()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *unset = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(1, unset->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_UNDEF.presets, unset->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_defaultPresetIsInAvailablePresets()
+{
+    // For every region, the defaultPreset must appear in its own availablePresets list
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        bool found = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < r->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (r->getAvailablePresets()[i] == r->getDefaultPreset()) {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        char msg[80];
+        snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s defaultPreset not in availablePresets", r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(found, msg);
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break; // UNSET is the sentinel, stop after it
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_regionFieldsAreSane()
+{
+    // Basic sanity check: all regions have freqEnd > freqStart and a non-null name
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        char msg[80];
+        snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s: freqEnd must be > freqStart", r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->freqEnd > r->freqStart, msg);
+        TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->getNumPresets() > 0, "numPresets must be > 0");
+        TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r->getAvailablePresets());
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break;
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_onlyLORA24HasWideLora()
+{
+    // Verify that LORA_24 is the only region with wideLora=true
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        char msg[80];
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) {
+            snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s should have wideLora=true", r->name);
+            TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->wideLora, msg);
+        } else {
+            snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s should have wideLora=false", r->name);
+            TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(r->wideLora, msg);
+        }
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break;
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Channel spacing calculation (placeholder for future protobuf updates)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_US_LONG_FAST()
+{
+    // Current formula: channelSpacing = spacing + (padding * 2) + (bw / 1000)
+    // US: spacing=0, padding=0
+    // LONG_FAST on non-wide region: bw=250 kHz
+    // channelSpacing = 0 + 0 + 0.250 = 0.250 MHz
+    // numChannels = round((928 - 902 + 0) / 0.250) = round(104) = 104
+    const RegionInfo *us = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, us->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = us->profile->spacing + (us->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((us->freqEnd - us->freqStart + us->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.250f, channelSpacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(104, numChannels);
+}
+
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_EU868_LONG_FAST()
+{
+    // EU_868: freqStart=869.4, freqEnd=869.65, spacing=0, padding=0
+    // LONG_FAST: bw=250 kHz => channelSpacing = 0.250 MHz
+    // numChannels = round((0.25 + 0) / 0.250) = 1
+    const RegionInfo *eu = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, eu->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = eu->profile->spacing + (eu->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((eu->freqEnd - eu->freqStart + eu->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.250f, channelSpacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(1, numChannels);
+}
+
+// Placeholder: when protobuf region definitions include non-zero padding/spacing,
+// add tests here to verify the channel count and frequency calculations.
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_placeholder()
+{
+    // TODO: Once protobuf RegionInfo entries have non-zero padding or spacing values,
+    // verify:
+    //  - Channel count matches expected value for each (region, preset) pair
+    //  - First channel frequency = freqStart + (bw/2000) + padding
+    //  - Nth channel frequency = first + (n * channelSpacing)
+    //  - overrideSlot, when non-zero, forces the channel_num
+    TEST_PASS_MESSAGE("Placeholder for future channel spacing tests with updated protobuf region fields");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// handleSetConfig fromOthers dispatch tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class AdminModuleTestShim : public AdminModule
+{
+  public:
+    using AdminModule::handleSetConfig;
+};
+
+static AdminModuleTestShim *testAdmin;
+
+static meshtastic_Config makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region, bool usePreset,
+                                           meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset preset)
+{
+    meshtastic_Config c = meshtastic_Config_init_zero;
+    c.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_Config_lora_tag;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.region = region;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.use_preset = usePreset;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.modem_preset = preset;
+    return c;
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_invalidPresetRejected()
+{
+    // Set up a known-good baseline in the global config
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with an invalid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, true); // fromOthers = true
+
+    // fromOthers=true: invalid preset should be rejected, old preset preserved
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromLocal_invalidPresetClamped()
+{
+    // Set up a known-good baseline
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with an invalid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, false); // fromOthers = false (local client)
+
+    // fromOthers=false: invalid preset should be clamped to the region's default
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_validPresetAccepted()
+{
+    // Set up baseline
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with a valid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, true); // fromOthers = true
+
+    // Valid preset should be accepted regardless of fromOthers
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Test runner
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void setUp(void)
+{
+    mockMeshService = new MockMeshService();
+    service = mockMeshService;
+    testAdmin = new AdminModuleTestShim();
+}
+void tearDown(void)
+{
+    service = nullptr;
+    delete mockMeshService;
+    mockMeshService = nullptr;
+    delete testAdmin;
+    testAdmin = nullptr;
+}
+
+void setup()
+{
+    delay(10);
+    delay(2000);
+
+    initializeTestEnvironment();
+
+    UNITY_BEGIN();
+
+    // getRegion()
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_US);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_EU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_LORA24);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_unsetCodeReturnsUnsetEntry);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_unknownCodeFallsToUnset);
+
+    // validateConfigRegion()
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigRegion_validRegionReturnsTrue);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigRegion_unsetRegionReturnsTrue);
+
+    // Shadow table tests
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_spacedProfileHasNonZeroSpacing);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_licensedProfileFlagsCorrect);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_presetCountMatchesExpected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_defaultPresetIsFirstInList);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_channelSpacingWithPadding);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_turboOnlyOnWideLora);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_unknownCodeFallsToSentinel);
+
+    // validateConfigLora()
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPresetForUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_allStdPresetsValidForUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_turboPresetsInvalidForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPresetsForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthTooWideForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_bogusPresetRejected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_unsetRegionOnlyAcceptsLongFast);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_allPresetsValidForLORA24);
+
+    // clampConfigLora()
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_customBwTooWideClampedToDefaultBw);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_customBwValidLeftUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_bogusPresetOnUnsetClampedToLongFast);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetOnLORA24ClampedToDefault);
+
+    // RegionInfo preset list integrity
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsStd_hasNineEntries);
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsEU868_hasSevenEntries);
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsUndef_hasOneEntry);
+    RUN_TEST(test_defaultPresetIsInAvailablePresets);
+    RUN_TEST(test_regionFieldsAreSane);
+    RUN_TEST(test_onlyLORA24HasWideLora);
+
+    // Channel spacing (current + placeholder)
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_US_LONG_FAST);
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_EU868_LONG_FAST);
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_placeholder);
+
+    // handleSetConfig fromOthers dispatch
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_invalidPresetRejected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromLocal_invalidPresetClamped);
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_validPresetAccepted);
+
+    exit(UNITY_END());
+}
+
+void loop() {}

test/test_radio/test_main.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,36 @@
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "MeshService.h"
 #include "RadioInterface.h"
 #include "TestUtil.h"
 #include <unity.h>
 
 #include "meshtastic/config.pb.h"
 
+class MockMeshService : public MeshService
+{
+  public:
+    void sendClientNotification(meshtastic_ClientNotification *n) override { releaseClientNotificationToPool(n); }
+};
+
+static MockMeshService *mockMeshService;
+
+// Test shim to expose protected radio parameters set by applyModemConfig()
+class TestableRadioInterface : public RadioInterface
+{
+  public:
+    TestableRadioInterface() : RadioInterface() {}
+    uint8_t getCr() const { return cr; }
+    uint8_t getSf() const { return sf; }
+    float getBw() const { return bw; }
+
+    // Override reconfigure to call the base which invokes applyModemConfig()
+    bool reconfigure() override { return RadioInterface::reconfigure(); }
+
+    // Stubs for pure virtual methods required by RadioInterface
+    uint32_t getPacketTime(uint32_t, bool) override { return 0; }
+    ErrorCode send(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override { return ERRNO_OK; }
+};
+
 static void test_bwCodeToKHz_specialMappings()
 {
     TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.0001f, 31.25f, bwCodeToKHz(31));
@@ -21,7 +47,7 @@ static void test_bwCodeToKHz_passthrough()
     TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.0001f, 250.0f, bwCodeToKHz(250));
 }
 
-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
 {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
     cfg.use_preset = false;
@@ -30,55 +56,152 @@ static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
     cfg.bandwidth = 123;
     cfg.spread_factor = 8;
 
-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
+    RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg);
 
     TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(123, cfg.bandwidth);
     TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(8, cfg.spread_factor);
     TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
 }
 
-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_nonWideRegion()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_nonWideRegion()
 {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
     cfg.use_preset = true;
     cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
     cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
 
-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(250, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(9, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }
 
-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_wideRegion()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_wideRegion()
 {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
     cfg.use_preset = true;
     cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
     cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
 
-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(800, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(9, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }
 
-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_fallsBackIfBandwidthExceedsRegionSpan()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_rejectsInvalidPresetForRegion()
 {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
     cfg.use_preset = true;
     cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
     cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
 
-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(250, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(11, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }
 
-void setUp(void) {}
-void tearDown(void) {}
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// applyModemConfig() coding rate tests (via reconfigure)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static TestableRadioInterface *testRadio;
+
+// After fresh flash: coding_rate=0, use_preset=true, modem_preset=LONG_FAST
+// CR should come from the preset (5 for LONG_FAST), not from the zero default.
+static void test_applyModemConfig_freshFlashCodingRateNotZero()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    // coding_rate is 0 (default after init_zero, same as fresh flash)
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    // LONG_FAST preset has cr=5; must never be 0
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(5, testRadio->getCr());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(11, testRadio->getSf());
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 250.0f, testRadio->getBw());
+}
+
+// When coding_rate matches the preset exactly, should still use the preset value
+static void test_applyModemConfig_codingRateMatchesPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 8; // LONG_SLOW default is cr=8
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(8, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+// Custom CR higher than preset should be used
+static void test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateHigherThanPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 7; // LONG_FAST preset has cr=5, 7 > 5
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(7, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+// Custom CR lower than preset: preset wins (higher is more robust)
+static void test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateLowerThanPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 5; // LONG_SLOW preset has cr=8, 5 < 8
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(8, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+void setUp(void)
+{
+    mockMeshService = new MockMeshService();
+    service = mockMeshService;
+
+    // RadioInterface computes slotTimeMsec during construction and expects myRegion to be valid.
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    initRegion();
+
+    testRadio = new TestableRadioInterface();
+}
+void tearDown(void)
+{
+    delete testRadio;
+    testRadio = nullptr;
+    service = nullptr;
+    delete mockMeshService;
+    mockMeshService = nullptr;
+}
 
 void setup()
 {
@@ -90,10 +213,16 @@ void setup()
     UNITY_BEGIN();
     RUN_TEST(test_bwCodeToKHz_specialMappings);
     RUN_TEST(test_bwCodeToKHz_passthrough);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_nonWideRegion);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_wideRegion);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_fallsBackIfBandwidthExceedsRegionSpan);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_noopWhenUsePresetFalse);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_nonWideRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_wideRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_rejectsInvalidPresetForRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_freshFlashCodingRateNotZero);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_codingRateMatchesPreset);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateHigherThanPreset);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateLowerThanPreset);
     exit(UNITY_END());
 }
 

variants/esp32/chatter2/platformio.ini

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ build_flags =
   -I variants/esp32/chatter2
   -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_WEBSERVER=1
   -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PAXCOUNTER=1
-  -ULED_BUILTIN
   
 lib_deps =
   ${esp32_base.lib_deps}