dmshell reliability tweaks

Co-authored-by: thebentern <9000580+thebentern@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Meshtastic is an open-source LoRa mesh networking project for long-range, low-po
 - **RP2040/RP2350** - Raspberry Pi Pico variants
 - **STM32WL** - STM32 with integrated LoRa
 - **Linux/Portduino** - Native Linux builds (Raspberry Pi, etc.)
+- **macOS native** - Headless `meshtasticd` on Apple Silicon / x86_64; see `variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini` for Homebrew prereqs + CH341 LoRa setup
 
 ### Supported Radio Chips
 
@@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ To reduce avoidable agent mistakes, assume these tools are available (or install
 - **Required CLI basics**: `bash`, `git`, `find`, `grep`, `sed`, `awk`, `xargs`
 - **Strongly recommended**: `rg` (ripgrep) for fast file/text search, `jq` for JSON processing
 - **Build/test tools**: `python3`, `pip`, virtualenv (`python3 -m venv`), `platformio` (`pio`)
-- **Containerized native testing**: `docker` (especially important on macOS / non-Linux hosts)
+- **Containerized native testing**: `docker` (fallback for non-Linux hosts; macOS can also build natively via `pio run -e native-macos`)
 
 Fallback expectations for agents:
 
@@ -388,6 +389,7 @@ Build commands:
 pio run -e tbeam              # Build specific target
 pio run -e tbeam -t upload    # Build and upload
 pio run -e native             # Build native/Linux version
+pio run -e native-macos       # Build headless macOS meshtasticd (Homebrew prereqs in variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini)
 ```
 
 ### Build Manifest

.github/workflows/build_macos_bin.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Build MacOS Binary
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      macos_ver:
+        required: false
+        default: "26" # ARM64
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build-MacOS:
+    runs-on: macos-${{ inputs.macos_ver }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Install deps
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          brew update
+          brew install platformio yaml-cpp libuv openssl@3 libusb argp-standalone pkg-config
+
+      - name: Get release version string
+        run: |
+          echo "long=$(./bin/buildinfo.py long)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        id: version
+
+      - name: Build for MacOS
+        run: |
+          platformio run -e native-macos
+        env:
+          PKG_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.long }}
+        # Errors in this step should not fail the entire workflow while MacOS support is in development.
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: List output files
+        run: ls -lah .pio/build/native-macos/
+
+      - name: Store binaries as an artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: firmware-macos-${{ inputs.macos_ver }}-${{ steps.version.outputs.long }}
+          overwrite: true
+          path: |
+            .pio/build/native-macos/meshtasticd

.github/workflows/docker_build.yml

@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Sanitize platform string
         id: sanitize_platform
         # Replace slashes with underscores
-        run: echo "cleaned_platform=${{ inputs.platform }}" | sed 's/\//_/g' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        env:
+          plat: ${{ inputs.platform }}
+        run: echo "cleaned_platform=${plat}" | sed 's/\//_/g' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Docker login
         if: ${{ inputs.push }}

.github/workflows/docker_manifest.yml

@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ jobs:
       push: true
     secrets: inherit
 
+  docker-debian-riscv64:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
+    with:
+      distro: debian
+      platform: linux/riscv64
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+      push: true
+    secrets: inherit
+
   docker-alpine-amd64:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
     with:
@@ -70,16 +79,27 @@ jobs:
       push: true
     secrets: inherit
 
+  docker-alpine-riscv64:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
+    with:
+      distro: alpine
+      platform: linux/riscv64
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+      push: true
+    secrets: inherit
+
   docker-manifest:
     needs:
       # Debian
       - docker-debian-amd64
       - docker-debian-arm64
       - docker-debian-armv7
+      - docker-debian-riscv64
       # Alpine
       - docker-alpine-amd64
       - docker-alpine-arm64
       - docker-alpine-armv7
+      - docker-alpine-riscv64
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -162,6 +182,7 @@ jobs:
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-amd64.outputs.digest }}
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-arm64.outputs.digest }}
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-armv7.outputs.digest }}
+            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-riscv64.outputs.digest }}
 
       - name: Docker meta (Alpine)
         id: meta_alpine
@@ -182,3 +203,4 @@ jobs:
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-amd64.outputs.digest }}
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-arm64.outputs.digest }}
             meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-armv7.outputs.digest }}
+            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-riscv64.outputs.digest }}

.github/workflows/main_matrix.yml

@@ -116,6 +116,20 @@ jobs:
       build_location: local
     secrets: inherit
 
+  MacOS:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        macos_ver:
+          - "26" # ARM64
+          # - '26-intel' # x86_64
+          - "15" # ARM64
+          # - '15-intel' # x86_64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_macos_bin.yml
+    with:
+      macos_ver: ${{ matrix.macos_ver }}
+    # secrets: inherit
+
   package-pio-deps-native-tft:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/package_pio_deps.yml
@@ -286,6 +300,7 @@ jobs:
       - gather-artifacts
       - build-debian-src
       - package-pio-deps-native-tft
+      # - MacOS
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v6

.trunk/trunk.yaml

@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ cli:
 plugins:
   sources:
     - id: trunk
-      ref: v1.7.6
+      ref: v1.8.0
       uri: https://github.com/trunk-io/plugins
 lint:
   enabled:
-    - checkov@3.2.524
-    - renovate@43.139.6
+    - checkov@3.2.525
+    - renovate@43.150.0
     - prettier@3.8.3
     - trufflehog@3.95.2
     - yamllint@1.38.0
     - bandit@1.9.4
     - trivy@0.70.0
     - taplo@0.10.0
-    - ruff@0.15.11
+    - ruff@0.15.12
     - isort@8.0.1
     - markdownlint@0.48.0
     - oxipng@10.1.1
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ lint:
         - bin/**
 runtimes:
   enabled:
-    - python@3.10.8
+    - python@3.14.4
     - go@1.21.0
     - node@22.16.0
 actions:

AGENTS.md

@@ -10,17 +10,18 @@ This file (`AGENTS.md`) is a short pointer + quick reference for agents that don
 
 ## Quick command reference
 
-| Action                           | Command                                                                             |
-| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Build a firmware variant         | `pio run -e <env>` (e.g. `pio run -e rak4631`, `pio run -e heltec-v3`)              |
-| Clean + rebuild                  | `pio run -e <env> -t clean && pio run -e <env>`                                     |
-| Flash a device                   | `pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>` (or use the `pio_flash` MCP tool) |
-| Run firmware unit tests (native) | `pio test -e native`                                                                |
-| Run MCP hardware tests           | `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh`                                                         |
-| Live TUI test runner             | `mcp-server/.venv/bin/meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`                                      |
-| Format before commit             | `trunk fmt`                                                                         |
-| Regenerate protobuf bindings     | `bin/regen-protos.sh`                                                               |
-| Generate CI matrix               | `./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py all [--level pr]`                                      |
+| Action                           | Command                                                                                                       |
+| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Build a firmware variant         | `pio run -e <env>` (e.g. `pio run -e rak4631`, `pio run -e heltec-v3`)                                        |
+| Build native macOS host binary   | `pio run -e native-macos` (Homebrew prereqs + CH341 LoRa setup in `variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini`) |
+| Clean + rebuild                  | `pio run -e <env> -t clean && pio run -e <env>`                                                               |
+| Flash a device                   | `pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>` (or use the `pio_flash` MCP tool)                           |
+| Run firmware unit tests (native) | `pio test -e native`                                                                                          |
+| Run MCP hardware tests           | `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh`                                                                                   |
+| Live TUI test runner             | `mcp-server/.venv/bin/meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`                                                                |
+| Format before commit             | `trunk fmt`                                                                                                   |
+| Regenerate protobuf bindings     | `bin/regen-protos.sh`                                                                                         |
+| Generate CI matrix               | `./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py all [--level pr]`                                                                |
 
 ## MCP server (device + test automation)
 
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ Sequence these; don't parallelize on the same port.
 - **Device fully wedged (no DFU)?** `mcp__meshtastic__uhubctl_cycle(role="nrf52", confirm=True)` hard-power-cycles it via USB hub PPPS. Needs `uhubctl` installed (`brew install uhubctl` / `apt install uhubctl`); on Linux without udev rules, permission errors fail fast, so use `sudo uhubctl` yourself or configure udev access.
 - **Port busy?** `lsof <port>` to find the holder. Usually a stale `pio device monitor` or zombie `meshtastic_mcp` process. Kill it.
 - **Multiple MCP servers running?** `ps aux | grep meshtastic_mcp` — zombies hold ports. Kill all but the one your host spawned.
+- **macOS: `LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY` on a CH341 LoRa adapter?** A third-party WCH `CH34xVCPDriver` is claiming interface 0. Find the bundle ID with `ioreg -p IOUSB -l -w 0 | grep -B2 -A30 0x5512`, then `sudo kmutil unload -b <bundleID>`. Apple's bundled CH34x kext targets the CH340 UART (PID 0x7523), not the SPI bridge — it's never the culprit.
 
 ## Environment variables (test harness)
 

alpine.Dockerfile

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3018): Do not pin apk package versions
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3013): Do not pin pip package versions
 
-FROM python:3.14-alpine3.22 AS builder
+# Ensure the Alpine version is updated in both stages of the container!
+FROM python:3.14-alpine3.23 AS builder
 ARG PIO_ENV=native
 ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
 
@@ -60,4 +61,4 @@ EXPOSE 4403
 
 CMD [ "sh",  "-cx", "meshtasticd --fsdir=/var/lib/meshtasticd" ]
 
-HEALTHCHECK NONE
+HEALTHCHECK NONE

bin/build-native.sh

@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@ basename=meshtasticd-$1-$VERSION
 pio pkg install --environment "$PIO_ENV" || platformioFailed
 pio run --environment "$PIO_ENV" || platformioFailed
 
-cp "$BUILDDIR/meshtasticd" "$OUTDIR/meshtasticd_linux_$(uname -m)"
+os_name=$(uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+cp "$BUILDDIR/meshtasticd" "$OUTDIR/meshtasticd_${os_name}_$(uname -m)"
 cp bin/native-install.* $OUTDIR/

bin/dmshell_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import queue
+import random
+import shutil
+import socket
+import select
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import termios
+import threading
+import time
+import tty
+from collections import deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, TextIO
+
+
+START1 = 0x94
+START2 = 0xC3
+HEADER_LEN = 4
+DEFAULT_API_PORT = 4403
+DEFAULT_HOP_LIMIT = 0
+LOCAL_ESCAPE_BYTE = b"\x1d"  # Ctrl+]
+MISSING_SEQ_RETRY_INTERVAL_SEC = 1.0
+INPUT_BATCH_WINDOW_SEC = .5
+INPUT_BATCH_MAX_BYTES = 64
+HEARTBEAT_IDLE_DELAY_SEC = 5.0
+HEARTBEAT_REPEAT_SEC = 15.0
+HEARTBEAT_POLL_INTERVAL_SEC = 0.25
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Tiny DMShell client for Meshtastic native TCP API",
+        epilog=(
+            "Examples:\n"
+            "  bin/dmshell_client.py --to !170896f7\n"
+            "  bin/dmshell_client.py --to 0x170896f7 --command 'uname -a' --command 'id'"
+        ),
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--host", default="127.0.0.1", help="meshtasticd API host")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=DEFAULT_API_PORT, help="meshtasticd API port")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--serial",
+        nargs="?",
+        const="auto",
+        default=None,
+        help="use USB serial transport (optionally provide device path, default: auto-detect)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=115200, help="serial baud rate when using --serial")
+    parser.add_argument("--to", required=True, help="destination node number, e.g. !170896f7 or 0x170896f7")
+    parser.add_argument("--channel", type=int, default=0, help="channel index to use")
+    parser.add_argument("--cols", type=int, default=None, help="initial terminal columns (default: detect local terminal)")
+    parser.add_argument("--rows", type=int, default=None, help="initial terminal rows (default: detect local terminal)")
+    parser.add_argument("--command", action="append", default=[], help="send a command line after opening")
+    parser.add_argument("--close-after", type=float, default=2.0, help="seconds to wait before closing in command mode")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=10.0, help="seconds to wait for API/session events")
+    parser.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true", help="print extra protocol events")
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def repo_root() -> Path:
+    return Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+def load_proto_modules() -> object:
+    try:
+        import google.protobuf  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise SystemExit("python package 'protobuf' is required to run this client") from exc
+
+    protoc = shutil.which("protoc")
+    if not protoc:
+        raise SystemExit("'protoc' is required to generate temporary Python protobuf bindings")
+
+    out_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="meshtastic_dmshell_proto_"))
+    proto_dir = repo_root() / "protobufs"
+    
+    # Compile all required protos for DMShell client (mesh and dependencies)
+    # Excludes nanopb.proto and other complex build artifacts
+    required_protos = [
+        "mesh.proto",
+        "channel.proto", 
+        "config.proto",
+        "device_ui.proto",
+        "module_config.proto",
+        "atak.proto",
+        "portnums.proto",
+        "telemetry.proto",
+        "xmodem.proto",
+    ]
+    proto_files = [proto_dir / "meshtastic" / name for name in required_protos]
+    for pf in proto_files:
+        if not pf.exists():
+            raise SystemExit(f"could not find required proto file: {pf}")
+
+    # Create __init__.py to make meshtastic a package
+    (out_dir / "meshtastic").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    (out_dir / "meshtastic" / "__init__.py").touch()
+
+    # Build protoc command with just the meshtastic proto directory as include path
+    # protoc will use its built-in includes for standard google protobuf types
+    cmd = [protoc, f"-I{proto_dir}", f"--python_out={out_dir}", *[str(path) for path in proto_files]]
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"protoc stderr: {result.stderr}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"protoc stdout: {result.stdout}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"protoc command: {' '.join(cmd)}", file=sys.stderr)
+        raise SystemExit(f"protoc failed with return code {result.returncode}")
+
+    # Create _pb2_grpc module stub if not present (protoc 3.20+)
+    mesh_pb2_file = out_dir / "meshtastic" / "mesh_pb2.py"
+    if not mesh_pb2_file.exists():
+        raise SystemExit(f"protoc did not generate mesh_pb2.py in {out_dir / 'meshtastic'}")
+
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(out_dir))
+    try:
+        from meshtastic import mesh_pb2, portnums_pb2  # type: ignore
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        print(f"Failed to import protobuf modules. Output dir contents:", file=sys.stderr)
+        for item in (out_dir / "meshtastic").iterdir():
+            print(f"  {item.name}", file=sys.stderr)
+        raise SystemExit(f"could not import meshtastic proto modules: {exc}") from exc
+
+    # Return an object that has both modules accessible
+    class ProtoModules:
+        pass
+    
+    pb2 = ProtoModules()
+    pb2.mesh = mesh_pb2
+    pb2.portnums = portnums_pb2
+    return pb2
+
+
+def parse_node_num(raw: str) -> int:
+    value = raw.strip()
+    if value.startswith("!"):
+        value = value[1:]
+    if value.lower().startswith("0x"):
+        return int(value, 16)
+    if any(ch in "abcdefABCDEF" for ch in value):
+        return int(value, 16)
+    return int(value, 10)
+
+
+class SerialTransport:
+    def __init__(self, serial_obj):
+        self._serial = serial_obj
+
+    def recv(self, length: int) -> bytes:
+        return self._serial.read(length)
+
+    def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._serial.write(data)
+        self._serial.flush()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._serial.close()
+
+
+def detect_meshtastic_serial_port() -> str:
+    try:
+        from serial.tools import list_ports
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise SystemExit("python package 'pyserial' is required for --serial mode") from exc
+
+    ports = list(list_ports.comports())
+    if not ports:
+        raise SystemExit("no serial ports found for --serial mode")
+
+    scored: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
+    for port in ports:
+        text = " ".join(
+            filter(
+                None,
+                [port.device, port.description, port.manufacturer, port.product, port.hwid],
+            )
+        ).lower()
+        score = 0
+        if "meshtastic" in text:
+            score += 100
+        if "lora" in text or "mesh" in text:
+            score += 10
+        if "ttyacm" in (port.device or "").lower() or "ttyusb" in (port.device or "").lower():
+            score += 1
+        scored.append((score, port.device))
+
+    scored.sort(reverse=True)
+    best_score, best_device = scored[0]
+    if best_score <= 0 and len(scored) > 1:
+        raise SystemExit(
+            "could not confidently auto-detect a Meshtastic serial port; pass --serial /dev/ttyXXX explicitly"
+        )
+    return best_device
+
+
+def open_transport(args: argparse.Namespace):
+    if args.serial is None:
+        sock = socket.create_connection((args.host, args.port), timeout=args.timeout)
+        sock.settimeout(None)
+        return sock
+
+    serial_path = args.serial
+    if serial_path == "auto":
+        serial_path = detect_meshtastic_serial_port()
+        print(f"[dmshell] using serial port {serial_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    try:
+        import serial
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise SystemExit("python package 'pyserial' is required for --serial mode") from exc
+
+    try:
+        serial_obj = serial.Serial(serial_path, baudrate=args.baud, timeout=None, write_timeout=2)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise SystemExit(f"failed to open serial device {serial_path}: {exc}") from exc
+
+    return SerialTransport(serial_obj)
+
+
+def recv_exact(transport, length: int) -> bytes:
+    chunks = bytearray()
+    while len(chunks) < length:
+        piece = transport.recv(length - len(chunks))
+        if not piece:
+            raise ConnectionError("connection closed by transport")
+        chunks.extend(piece)
+    return bytes(chunks)
+
+
+def detect_local_terminal_size() -> tuple[int, int]:
+    size = shutil.get_terminal_size(fallback=(100, 40))
+    cols = max(1, int(size.columns))
+    rows = max(1, int(size.lines))
+    return cols, rows
+
+
+def resolve_initial_terminal_size(cols_override: Optional[int], rows_override: Optional[int]) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    detected_cols, detected_rows = detect_local_terminal_size()
+    cols = detected_cols if cols_override is None else max(1, cols_override)
+    rows = detected_rows if rows_override is None else max(1, rows_override)
+    return cols, rows
+
+
+def recv_stream_frame(transport) -> bytes:
+    while True:
+        start = recv_exact(transport, 1)[0]
+        if start != START1:
+            continue
+        if recv_exact(transport, 1)[0] != START2:
+            continue
+        header = recv_exact(transport, 2)
+        length = (header[0] << 8) | header[1]
+        return recv_exact(transport, length)
+
+
+def send_stream_frame(transport, payload: bytes) -> None:
+    if len(payload) > 0xFFFF:
+        raise ValueError("payload too large for stream API")
+    header = bytes((START1, START2, (len(payload) >> 8) & 0xFF, len(payload) & 0xFF))
+    transport.sendall(header + payload)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SentShellFrame:
+    op: int
+    session_id: int
+    seq: int
+    ack_seq: int
+    payload: bytes = b""
+    cols: int = 0
+    rows: int = 0
+    flags: int = 0
+    last_tx_seq: int = 0
+    last_rx_seq: int = 0
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SessionState:
+    pb2: object  # ProtoModules with mesh and portnums attributes
+    target: int
+    channel: int
+    verbose: bool
+    session_id: int = field(default_factory=lambda: random.randint(1, 0x7FFFFFFF))
+    next_seq: int = 1
+    last_rx_seq: int = 0
+    next_expected_rx_seq: int = 1
+    highest_seen_rx_seq: int = 0
+    active: bool = False
+    stopped: bool = False
+    opened_event: threading.Event = field(default_factory=threading.Event)
+    closed_event: threading.Event = field(default_factory=threading.Event)
+    event_queue: "queue.Queue[str]" = field(default_factory=queue.Queue)
+    tx_lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
+    socket_lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
+    tx_history: deque[SentShellFrame] = field(default_factory=lambda: deque(maxlen=50))
+    pending_rx_frames: dict[int, object] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    last_requested_missing_seq: int = 0
+    last_missing_request_time: float = 0.0
+    requested_missing_seqs: set[int] = field(default_factory=set)
+    replay_log_lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
+    replay_log_file: Optional[TextIO] = None
+    replay_log_path: Optional[Path] = None
+    last_transport_activity_time: float = field(default_factory=time.monotonic)
+    last_heartbeat_sent_time: float = 0.0
+
+    def alloc_seq(self) -> int:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            value = self.next_seq
+            self.next_seq += 1
+            return value
+
+    def current_ack_seq(self) -> int:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            return self.last_rx_seq
+
+    def highest_sent_seq(self) -> int:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            return max(0, self.next_seq - 1)
+
+    def note_outbound_packet(self, heartbeat: bool = False) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            if heartbeat:
+                self.last_heartbeat_sent_time = now
+            else:
+                self.last_transport_activity_time = now
+
+    def note_inbound_packet(self) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            self.last_transport_activity_time = time.monotonic()
+
+    def heartbeat_due(self) -> bool:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            if (now - self.last_transport_activity_time) < HEARTBEAT_IDLE_DELAY_SEC:
+                return False
+            if self.last_heartbeat_sent_time <= self.last_transport_activity_time:
+                return True
+            return (now - self.last_heartbeat_sent_time) >= HEARTBEAT_REPEAT_SEC
+
+    def note_peer_reported_tx_seq(self, seq: int) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            if seq > self.highest_seen_rx_seq:
+                self.highest_seen_rx_seq = seq
+
+    def note_received_seq(self, seq: int) -> tuple[str, Optional[int]]:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            if seq == 0:
+                return ("process", None)
+            if seq < self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                if self.highest_seen_rx_seq >= self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                    return ("gap", self.next_expected_rx_seq)
+                return ("duplicate", None)
+            if seq > self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                if seq > self.highest_seen_rx_seq:
+                    self.highest_seen_rx_seq = seq
+                return ("gap", self.next_expected_rx_seq)
+            self.last_rx_seq = seq
+            self.next_expected_rx_seq = seq + 1
+            if self.last_requested_missing_seq != 0 and self.next_expected_rx_seq > self.last_requested_missing_seq:
+                self.last_requested_missing_seq = 0
+            if seq > self.highest_seen_rx_seq:
+                self.highest_seen_rx_seq = seq
+            if self.highest_seen_rx_seq < self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                self.highest_seen_rx_seq = 0
+            return ("process", None)
+
+    def remember_out_of_order_frame(self, shell) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            if shell.seq <= self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                return
+            if shell.seq not in self.pending_rx_frames:
+                self.pending_rx_frames[shell.seq] = shell
+            if shell.seq > self.highest_seen_rx_seq:
+                self.highest_seen_rx_seq = shell.seq
+
+    def pop_next_buffered_frame(self):
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            return self.pending_rx_frames.pop(self.next_expected_rx_seq, None)
+
+    def pending_missing_seq(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            if self.highest_seen_rx_seq >= self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                return self.next_expected_rx_seq
+            return None
+
+    def request_missing_seq_once(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            if self.highest_seen_rx_seq < self.next_expected_rx_seq:
+                return None
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            if (
+                self.last_requested_missing_seq == self.next_expected_rx_seq
+                and (now - self.last_missing_request_time) < MISSING_SEQ_RETRY_INTERVAL_SEC
+            ):
+                return None
+            self.last_requested_missing_seq = self.next_expected_rx_seq
+            self.last_missing_request_time = now
+            return self.last_requested_missing_seq
+
+    def set_receive_cursor(self, seq: int) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            self.last_rx_seq = seq
+            self.next_expected_rx_seq = seq + 1
+            self.highest_seen_rx_seq = seq
+
+    def open_replay_log(self, session_id: int) -> None:
+        with self.replay_log_lock:
+            if self.replay_log_file is not None:
+                return
+            path = Path.cwd() / f"{session_id:08x}.log"
+            self.replay_log_file = path.open("a", encoding="utf-8")
+            self.replay_log_path = path
+            self.replay_log_file.write(f"{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} session_open session=0x{session_id:08x}\n")
+            self.replay_log_file.flush()
+
+    def log_replay_event(self, event: str, seq: int, detail: str = "") -> None:
+        with self.replay_log_lock:
+            if self.replay_log_file is None:
+                return
+            extra = f" {detail}" if detail else ""
+            self.replay_log_file.write(
+                f"{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} {event} seq={seq}{extra}\n"
+            )
+            self.replay_log_file.flush()
+
+    def note_missing_seq_requested(self, seq: int, reason: str) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            self.requested_missing_seqs.add(seq)
+        self.log_replay_event("missing_requested", seq, f"reason={reason}")
+
+    def note_replayed_seq_received(self, seq: int) -> None:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            was_requested = seq in self.requested_missing_seqs
+            if was_requested:
+                self.requested_missing_seqs.remove(seq)
+        if was_requested:
+            self.log_replay_event("replay_received", seq)
+
+    def close_replay_log(self) -> None:
+        with self.replay_log_lock:
+            if self.replay_log_file is None:
+                return
+            self.replay_log_file.write(f"{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} session_close\n")
+            self.replay_log_file.flush()
+            self.replay_log_file.close()
+            self.replay_log_file = None
+
+    def remember_sent_frame(self, frame: SentShellFrame) -> None:
+        if frame.seq == 0 or frame.op == self.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.ACK:
+            return
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            self.tx_history.append(frame)
+
+    def prune_sent_frames(self, ack_seq: int) -> None:
+        if ack_seq <= 0:
+            return
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            self.tx_history = deque((frame for frame in self.tx_history if frame.seq > ack_seq), maxlen=50)
+
+    def replay_frames_from(self, start_seq: int) -> list[SentShellFrame]:
+        with self.tx_lock:
+            return [frame for frame in self.tx_history if frame.seq >= start_seq]
+
+
+def send_toradio(transport, toradio) -> None:
+    send_stream_frame(transport, toradio.SerializeToString())
+
+
+def make_toradio_packet(pb2, state: SessionState, shell_msg) -> object:
+    packet = pb2.mesh.MeshPacket()
+    packet.id = random.randint(1, 0x7FFFFFFF)
+    packet.to = state.target
+    # The 'from' field is a reserved keyword in Python, so use setattr
+    setattr(packet, "from", 0)
+    packet.channel = state.channel
+    packet.hop_limit = DEFAULT_HOP_LIMIT
+    packet.want_ack = False
+    packet.decoded.portnum = pb2.portnums.REMOTE_SHELL_APP
+    packet.decoded.payload = shell_msg.SerializeToString()
+    packet.decoded.want_response = False
+    packet.decoded.dest = state.target
+    packet.decoded.source = 0
+
+    toradio = pb2.mesh.ToRadio()
+    toradio.packet.CopyFrom(packet)
+    return toradio
+
+
+def send_shell_frame(
+    transport,
+    state: SessionState,
+    op: int,
+    payload: bytes = b"",
+    cols: int = 0,
+    rows: int = 0,
+    session_id: Optional[int] = None,
+    ack_seq: Optional[int] = None,
+    seq: Optional[int] = None,
+    flags: int = 0,
+    last_tx_seq: int = 0,
+    last_rx_seq: int = 0,
+    remember: bool = True,
+    heartbeat: bool = False,
+) -> int:
+    if seq is None:
+        seq = 0 if op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.ACK else state.alloc_seq()
+    if ack_seq is None:
+        ack_seq = state.current_ack_seq()
+    if session_id is None:
+        session_id = state.session_id
+
+    shell = state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell()
+    shell.op = op
+    shell.session_id = session_id
+    shell.seq = seq
+    shell.ack_seq = ack_seq
+    shell.cols = cols
+    shell.rows = rows
+    shell.flags = flags
+    shell.last_tx_seq = last_tx_seq
+    shell.last_rx_seq = last_rx_seq
+    if payload:
+        shell.payload = payload
+    with state.socket_lock:
+        send_toradio(transport, make_toradio_packet(state.pb2, state, shell))
+    if remember:
+        state.remember_sent_frame(
+            SentShellFrame(
+                op=op,
+                session_id=session_id,
+                seq=seq,
+                ack_seq=ack_seq,
+                payload=payload,
+                cols=cols,
+                rows=rows,
+                flags=flags,
+                last_tx_seq=last_tx_seq,
+                last_rx_seq=last_rx_seq,
+            )
+        )
+    state.note_outbound_packet(heartbeat=heartbeat)
+    return seq
+
+
+def send_ack_frame(transport, state: SessionState, replay_from: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+    send_shell_frame(
+        transport,
+        state,
+        state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.ACK,
+        seq=0,
+        last_rx_seq=0 if replay_from is None else replay_from - 1,
+        remember=False,
+    )
+
+
+def replay_frames_from(transport, state: SessionState, start_seq: int) -> None:
+    frame = next((f for f in state.replay_frames_from(start_seq) if f.seq == start_seq), None)
+    if frame is None:
+        #state.event_queue.put(f"replay unavailable from seq={start_seq}")
+        state.log_replay_event("replay_unavailable", start_seq)
+        return
+    state.log_replay_event("replay_sent", start_seq)
+    #state.event_queue.put(f"replay frame seq={start_seq}")
+    send_shell_frame(
+        transport,
+        state,
+        frame.op,
+        payload=frame.payload,
+        cols=frame.cols,
+        rows=frame.rows,
+        session_id=frame.session_id,
+        ack_seq=frame.ack_seq,
+        seq=frame.seq,
+        flags=frame.flags,
+        last_tx_seq=frame.last_tx_seq,
+        last_rx_seq=frame.last_rx_seq,
+        remember=False,
+    )
+
+
+def wait_for_config_complete(transport, pb2, timeout: float, verbose: bool) -> None:
+    nonce = random.randint(1, 0x7FFFFFFF)
+    toradio = pb2.mesh.ToRadio()
+    toradio.want_config_id = nonce
+    send_toradio(transport, toradio)
+
+    deadline = time.time() + timeout
+    while time.time() < deadline:
+        fromradio = pb2.mesh.FromRadio()
+        fromradio.ParseFromString(recv_stream_frame(transport))
+        variant = fromradio.WhichOneof("payload_variant")
+        if verbose and variant:
+            print(f"[api] fromradio {variant}", file=sys.stderr)
+        if variant == "config_complete_id" and fromradio.config_complete_id == nonce:
+            return
+    raise TimeoutError("timed out waiting for config handshake to complete")
+
+
+def decode_shell_packet(state: SessionState, packet) -> Optional[object]:
+    if packet.WhichOneof("payload_variant") != "decoded":
+        return None
+    if packet.decoded.portnum != state.pb2.portnums.REMOTE_SHELL_APP:
+        return None
+    shell = state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell()
+    shell.ParseFromString(packet.decoded.payload)
+    return shell
+
+
+def reader_loop(transport, state: SessionState) -> None:
+    def handle_in_order_shell(shell) -> bool:
+        state.note_replayed_seq_received(shell.seq)
+        if shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.OPEN_OK:
+            state.session_id = shell.session_id
+            state.open_replay_log(state.session_id)
+            state.set_receive_cursor(shell.seq)
+            state.active = True
+            state.opened_event.set()
+            state.event_queue.put(
+                f"opened session=0x{shell.session_id:08x} cols={shell.cols} rows={shell.rows}"
+            )
+            if state.replay_log_path is not None:
+                state.event_queue.put(f"replay log: {state.replay_log_path}")
+        elif shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.OUTPUT:
+            if shell.payload:
+                sys.stdout.buffer.write(shell.payload)
+                sys.stdout.buffer.flush()
+        elif shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.ERROR:
+            message = shell.payload.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            if state.replay_log_file is None:
+                state.open_replay_log(shell.session_id or state.session_id)
+            sanitized = message.replace("\n", "\\n")
+            state.log_replay_event("error_received", shell.seq, f"message={sanitized}")
+            state.event_queue.put(f"remote error: {message}")
+        elif shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.CLOSED:
+            message = shell.payload.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            state.event_queue.put(f"session closed: {message}")
+            state.closed_event.set()
+            state.active = False
+            return True
+        elif shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.PONG:
+            remote_last_tx_seq = shell.last_tx_seq
+            remote_last_rx_seq = shell.last_rx_seq
+            local_latest_tx_seq = state.highest_sent_seq()
+            if remote_last_rx_seq != 0 and remote_last_rx_seq < local_latest_tx_seq:
+                replay_frames_from(transport, state, remote_last_rx_seq + 1)
+            if remote_last_tx_seq > state.current_ack_seq():
+                state.note_peer_reported_tx_seq(remote_last_tx_seq)
+                req = state.request_missing_seq_once()
+                if req is not None:
+                    state.note_missing_seq_requested(req, "heartbeat_status")
+                    send_ack_frame(transport, state, replay_from=req)
+            #state.event_queue.put("pong")
+        return False
+
+    while not state.stopped:
+        try:
+            fromradio = state.pb2.mesh.FromRadio()
+            fromradio.ParseFromString(recv_stream_frame(transport))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if not state.stopped:
+                state.event_queue.put(f"connection error: {exc}")
+                state.closed_event.set()
+            return
+
+        variant = fromradio.WhichOneof("payload_variant")
+        if variant == "packet":
+            shell = decode_shell_packet(state, fromradio.packet)
+            if not shell:
+                continue
+            state.note_inbound_packet()
+            #state.prune_sent_frames(shell.ack_seq)
+            if shell.op == state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.ACK:
+                #state.event_queue.put("peer requested replay")
+                replay_from = shell.last_rx_seq + 1 if shell.last_rx_seq > 0 else None
+                if replay_from is not None:
+                    #state.event_queue.put(f"peer requested replay from seq={replay_from}")
+                    replay_frames_from(transport, state, replay_from)
+                continue
+
+            action, missing_from = state.note_received_seq(shell.seq)
+            if action == "duplicate":
+                req = state.request_missing_seq_once()
+                if req is not None:
+                    state.note_missing_seq_requested(req, "duplicate")
+                    send_ack_frame(transport, state, replay_from=req)
+                continue
+            if action == "gap":
+                state.remember_out_of_order_frame(shell)
+                req = state.request_missing_seq_once()
+                if req is not None:
+                    state.note_missing_seq_requested(req, "gap")
+                    send_ack_frame(transport, state, replay_from=req)
+                continue
+
+            if handle_in_order_shell(shell):
+                return
+
+            while True:
+                buffered_shell = state.pop_next_buffered_frame()
+                if buffered_shell is None:
+                    break
+                buffered_action, _ = state.note_received_seq(buffered_shell.seq)
+                if buffered_action != "process":
+                    state.remember_out_of_order_frame(buffered_shell)
+                    break
+                if handle_in_order_shell(buffered_shell):
+                    return
+
+            req = state.request_missing_seq_once()
+            if req is not None:
+                state.note_missing_seq_requested(req, "post_process_gap")
+                send_ack_frame(transport, state, replay_from=req)
+        elif state.verbose and variant:
+            state.event_queue.put(f"fromradio {variant}")
+
+
+def drain_events(state: SessionState) -> None:
+    while True:
+        try:
+            event = state.event_queue.get_nowait()
+        except queue.Empty:
+            return
+        print(f"[dmshell] {event}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+def heartbeat_loop(transport, state: SessionState) -> None:
+    while not state.stopped and not state.closed_event.is_set():
+        if not state.active:
+            time.sleep(HEARTBEAT_POLL_INTERVAL_SEC)
+            continue
+        if state.heartbeat_due():
+            try:
+                send_shell_frame(
+                    transport,
+                    state,
+                    state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.PING,
+                    last_tx_seq=state.highest_sent_seq(),
+                    last_rx_seq=state.current_ack_seq(),
+                    remember=True,
+                    heartbeat=True,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if not state.stopped:
+                    state.event_queue.put(f"heartbeat error: {exc}")
+                    state.closed_event.set()
+                    return
+        time.sleep(HEARTBEAT_POLL_INTERVAL_SEC)
+
+
+def run_command_mode(transport, state: SessionState, commands: list[str], close_after: float) -> None:
+    for command in commands:
+        send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.INPUT, (command + "\n").encode("utf-8"))
+    time.sleep(close_after)
+    send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.CLOSE)
+    state.closed_event.wait(timeout=close_after + 5.0)
+
+
+def run_interactive_mode(transport, state: SessionState) -> None:
+    def read_local_command() -> str:
+        prompt = "\r\n[dmshell] local command (resume|close|ping|resize C R): "
+        sys.stderr.write(prompt)
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+        buf = bytearray()
+
+        while True:
+            ch = os.read(sys.stdin.fileno(), 1)
+            if not ch:
+                sys.stderr.write("\r\n")
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+                return "close"
+
+            b = ch[0]
+            if b in (10, 13):
+                sys.stderr.write("\r\n")
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+                return buf.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
+
+            if b in (8, 127):
+                if buf:
+                    buf.pop()
+                    sys.stderr.write("\b \b")
+                    sys.stderr.flush()
+                continue
+
+            if b < 32:
+                continue
+
+            buf.append(b)
+            sys.stderr.write(chr(b))
+            sys.stderr.flush()
+
+    def handle_local_command(cmd: str) -> bool:
+        if cmd in ("", "resume"):
+            return True
+        if cmd == "close":
+            send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.CLOSE)
+            return False
+        if cmd == "ping":
+            send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.PING)
+            return True
+        if cmd.startswith("resize "):
+            parts = cmd.split()
+            if len(parts) != 3:
+                state.event_queue.put("usage: resize COLS ROWS")
+                return True
+            try:
+                cols = int(parts[1])
+                rows = int(parts[2])
+            except ValueError:
+                state.event_queue.put("usage: resize COLS ROWS")
+                return True
+            send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.RESIZE, cols=cols, rows=rows)
+            return True
+
+        state.event_queue.put(f"unknown local command: {cmd}")
+        return True
+
+    print(
+        "Raw input mode active. All keys (including Ctrl+C/Ctrl+X) are sent to remote. Ctrl+] for local commands.",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+
+    if not sys.stdin.isatty():
+        # Fallback for non-TTY stdin: still send input as it arrives.
+        while not state.closed_event.is_set():
+            drain_events(state)
+            data = sys.stdin.buffer.read(INPUT_BATCH_MAX_BYTES)
+            if not data:
+                send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.CLOSE)
+                break
+            send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.INPUT, data)
+        return
+
+    fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+    old_attrs = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+    try:
+        tty.setraw(fd)
+        while not state.closed_event.is_set():
+            drain_events(state)
+            ready, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0.05)
+            if not ready:
+                continue
+
+            data = os.read(fd, 1)
+            if not data:
+                send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.CLOSE)
+                break
+
+            if data == LOCAL_ESCAPE_BYTE:
+                keep_running = handle_local_command(read_local_command())
+                if not keep_running:
+                    break
+                continue
+
+            # Coalesce a short burst of bytes to reduce packet overhead for fast typing.
+            batched = bytearray(data)
+            enter_local_command = False
+            deadline = time.monotonic() + INPUT_BATCH_WINDOW_SEC
+            while len(batched) < INPUT_BATCH_MAX_BYTES:
+                remaining = deadline - time.monotonic()
+                if remaining <= 0:
+                    break
+                more_ready, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], remaining)
+                if not more_ready:
+                    break
+                next_byte = os.read(fd, 1)
+                if not next_byte:
+                    break
+                if next_byte == LOCAL_ESCAPE_BYTE:
+                    enter_local_command = True
+                    break
+                batched.extend(next_byte)
+                if next_byte == b'\r' or next_byte == b'\t':
+                    break
+                deadline = time.monotonic() + INPUT_BATCH_WINDOW_SEC
+
+            if batched:
+                send_shell_frame(transport, state, state.pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.INPUT, bytes(batched))
+
+            if enter_local_command:
+                keep_running = handle_local_command(read_local_command())
+                if not keep_running:
+                    break
+    finally:
+        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_attrs)
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    args = parse_args()
+    pb2 = load_proto_modules()
+
+    state = SessionState(
+            pb2=pb2,
+        target=parse_node_num(args.to),
+        channel=args.channel,
+        verbose=args.verbose,
+    )
+
+    cols, rows = resolve_initial_terminal_size(args.cols, args.rows)
+
+    transport = open_transport(args)
+    try:
+        wait_for_config_complete(transport, pb2, args.timeout, args.verbose)
+
+        reader = threading.Thread(target=reader_loop, args=(transport, state), daemon=True)
+        reader.start()
+
+        send_shell_frame(transport, state, pb2.mesh.RemoteShell.OPEN, cols=cols, rows=rows)
+        if not state.opened_event.wait(timeout=args.timeout):
+            raise SystemExit("timed out waiting for OPEN_OK from remote DMShell")
+
+        heartbeat = threading.Thread(target=heartbeat_loop, args=(transport, state), daemon=True)
+        heartbeat.start()
+
+        drain_events(state)
+        if args.command:
+            run_command_mode(transport, state, args.command, args.close_after)
+        else:
+            run_interactive_mode(transport, state)
+
+        state.stopped = True
+        drain_events(state)
+        reader.join(timeout=1.0)
+        heartbeat.join(timeout=1.0)
+        state.close_replay_log()
+    finally:
+        transport.close()
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

bin/show-unmerged-prs.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to show commits in develop that are not in master
+# with their associated PR info and commit hashes
+# 
+# Usage:
+#   ./show-unmerged-prs.sh            # Show all unmerged commits
+#   ./show-unmerged-prs.sh --bugfix   # Show only bugfix-labeled PRs
+
+set -e
+
+REPO="firmware"
+OWNER="meshtastic"
+BASE_BRANCH="master"
+HEAD_BRANCH="develop"
+LIMIT=100
+FILTER_LABEL=""
+
+# Parse arguments
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    case $arg in
+        --bugfix)
+            FILTER_LABEL="bugfix"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        --feature)
+            FILTER_LABEL="feature"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        --help)
+            echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]"
+            echo "Options:"
+            echo "  --bugfix     Show only PRs labeled with 'bugfix'"
+            echo "  --feature    Show only PRs labeled with 'feature'"
+            echo "  --help       Show this help message"
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+    echo "Fetching commits in $HEAD_BRANCH that are not in $BASE_BRANCH (filtered by label: $FILTER_LABEL)..."
+else
+    echo "Fetching commits in $HEAD_BRANCH that are not in $BASE_BRANCH..."
+fi
+echo ""
+
+# Check if gh CLI is available
+if ! command -v gh &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "ERROR: GitHub CLI (gh) not found. Please install it first."
+    echo "Visit: https://cli.github.com/"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get commits in develop that are not in master
+# For each commit, try to find associated PR
+git fetch origin develop master 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# Use git to get the list of commits
+commits=$(git log --pretty=format:"%H|%s" origin/master..origin/develop | head -n $LIMIT)
+
+count=0
+displayed=0
+echo "Commits in $HEAD_BRANCH not in $BASE_BRANCH:"
+echo "=============================================="
+echo ""
+
+while IFS='|' read -r hash subject; do
+    ((count++))
+    
+    # Try to find the PR for this commit
+    # Extract PR number, title, description, and labels
+    pr_response=$(gh api -X GET "/repos/$OWNER/$REPO/commits/$hash/pulls" \
+        -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" 2>/dev/null | \
+        jq -r '.[0] | "\(.number)|\(.title)|\(.body // "No description")|\(.labels | map(.name) | join(","))"' 2>/dev/null || echo "||||")
+    
+    if [ -z "$pr_response" ] || [ "$pr_response" = "||||" ]; then
+        # If no PR found, skip if filter is active, otherwise show the commit
+        if [ -z "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+            ((displayed++))
+            echo "[$displayed] Commit: $hash"
+            echo "    Subject: $subject"
+            echo "    PR: Not found in GitHub"
+            echo ""
+        fi
+    else
+        IFS='|' read -r pr_num pr_title pr_desc pr_labels <<< "$pr_response"
+        
+        # Check if filter matches
+        if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+            # Only show if the label is in the labels list
+            if ! echo "$pr_labels" | grep -q "$FILTER_LABEL"; then
+                continue
+            fi
+        fi
+        
+        ((displayed++))
+        echo "[$displayed] PR #$pr_num - $pr_title"
+        echo "    Commit: $hash"
+        if [ -n "$pr_desc" ] && [ "$pr_desc" != "No description" ]; then
+            # Truncate description to 200 chars
+            desc_short="${pr_desc:0:200}"
+            [ ${#pr_desc} -gt 200 ] && desc_short+="..."
+            echo "    Description: $desc_short"
+        fi
+        if [ -n "$pr_labels" ] && [ "$pr_labels" != "" ]; then
+            echo "    Labels: $pr_labels"
+        fi
+        echo ""
+    fi
+done <<< "$commits"
+
+echo ""
+if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+    echo "Done. Showing $displayed PRs with label '$FILTER_LABEL' from $displayed commits checked."
+else
+    echo "Done. Showing $displayed commits from $HEAD_BRANCH not in $BASE_BRANCH."
+fi

boards/heltec_v4_r8.json

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32s3_out.ld",
+      "partitions": "default_16MB.csv",
+      "memory_type": "qio_opi"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": [
+      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
+    ],
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "80000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "qio",
+    "psram_type": "opi",
+    "hwids": [["0x303A", "0x1001"]],
+    "mcu": "esp32s3",
+    "variant": "heltec_v4_r8"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "lora"],
+  "debug": {
+    "default_tool": "esp-builtin",
+    "onboard_tools": ["esp-builtin"],
+    "openocd_target": "esp32s3.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "heltec_wifi_lora_32 v4 r8 (16 MB FLASH, 8 MB PSRAM)",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "16MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 327680,
+    "maximum_size": 16777216,
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 921600
+  },
+  "url": "https://heltec.org/",
+  "vendor": "heltec"
+}

debian/ci_pack_sdeb.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/bash
+set -e
 export DEBEMAIL="jbennett@incomsystems.biz"
 export PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR=pio/libdeps
 export PLATFORMIO_PACKAGES_DIR=pio/packages

platformio.ini

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DUSE_THREAD_NAMES
 	-DTINYGPS_OPTION_NO_CUSTOM_FIELDS
 	-DPB_ENABLE_MALLOC=1
+	-DPB_VALIDATE_UTF8=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_CC1101=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_NRF24=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_RF69=1
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_filters = direct
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-esp8266-oled-ssd1306 packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306 gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/21e484f409cde18d44012caef84c244eb5ca28f3.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/6bfd1f135e1ebe37afd6050bb4b9964cea3fcfda.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-OneButton packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton gitBranch=master
 	https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton/archive/fa352d668c53f290cfa480a5f79ad422cd828c70.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-arduino-fsm packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/arduino-fsm gitBranch=master
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ lib_deps =
 [device-ui_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic/device-ui packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/56e1da4e7d30abcd746a2092a30e422f8cf5fc2b.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/4bf593a82100b911ff816dddf7158ffdee2114cd.zip
 
 ; Common libs for environmental measurements in telemetry module
 [environmental_base]

src/Power.cpp

@@ -781,8 +781,10 @@ void Power::reboot()
     rp2040.reboot();
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
     deInitApiServer();
+#ifdef __linux__
     if (aLinuxInputImpl)
         aLinuxInputImpl->deInit();
+#endif
     SPI.end();
     Wire.end();
     Serial1.end();
@@ -1000,6 +1002,14 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
             powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_POWER_CONNECTED);
         }
 
+#ifdef PMU_POWER_BUTTON_IS_CANCEL
+        // cancel action also turns the screen on and off.
+        if (PMU->isPekeyShortPressIrq()) {
+            LOG_INFO("Input: Corona Button Click");
+            InputEvent event = {.inputEvent = (input_broker_event)INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL, .kbchar = 0, .touchX = 0, .touchY = 0};
+            inputBroker->injectInputEvent(&event);
+        }
+#endif
         /*
         Other things we could check if we cared...
 
@@ -1016,13 +1026,6 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
             LOG_DEBUG("Battery removed");
         }
         */
-#ifndef T_WATCH_S3 // FIXME - why is this triggering on the T-Watch S3?
-        if (PMU->isPekeyLongPressIrq()) {
-            LOG_DEBUG("PEK long button press");
-            if (screen)
-                screen->setOn(false);
-        }
-#endif
 
         PMU->clearIrqStatus();
     }
@@ -1091,7 +1094,7 @@ void Power::attachPowerInterrupts()
     if (PMU) {
         attachInterrupt(
             PMU_IRQ,
-            [] {
+            []() {
                 pmu_irq = true;
                 power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
                 runASAP = true;
@@ -1394,19 +1397,16 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
     uint64_t pmuIrqMask = 0;
 
     if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP192) {
-        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_BAT_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
+        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_REMOVE_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
     } else if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP2101) {
-        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_BAT_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
+        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_REMOVE_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
     }
 
     pinMode(PMU_IRQ, INPUT);
 
-    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ
-    // because it occurs repeatedly while there is no battery also it could cause
-    // inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled we
-    // don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while
-    // no battery installed we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we
-    // don't have anything hooked to vbus
+    // We wake on IRQ, so only enable the IRQs that we care about.
+    // we want USB plug and unplug to update the screen and LED status,
+    // and short press on the power button to trigger the "cancel" action in the UI (which also turns the screen on and off).
     PMU->enableIRQ(pmuIrqMask);
 
     PMU->clearIrqStatus();

src/PowerFSM.cpp

@@ -58,6 +58,35 @@ static bool isPowered()
     return !isPowerSavingMode && powerStatus && (!powerStatus->getHasBattery() || powerStatus->getHasUSB());
 }
 
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+static void t5BacklightOffForSleep()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedBySleep(true);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightWakeFromSleep()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedBySleep(false);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightOffForTimeout()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedByTimeout(true);
+    t5TouchSetForcedByTimeout(true);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightOnFromUserInput()
+{
+    t5BacklightHandleUserInput();
+    t5TouchHandleUserInput();
+}
+#else
+static void t5BacklightOffForSleep() {}
+static void t5BacklightWakeFromSleep() {}
+static void t5BacklightOffForTimeout() {}
+static void t5BacklightOnFromUserInput() {}
+#endif
+
 static void sdsEnter()
 {
     LOG_POWERFSM("State: SDS");
@@ -87,6 +116,7 @@ static void lsEnter()
     LOG_POWERFSM("lsEnter begin, ls_secs=%u", config.power.ls_secs);
     if (screen)
         screen->setOn(false);
+    t5BacklightOffForSleep();
     secsSlept = 0; // How long have we been sleeping this time
 
     // LOG_INFO("lsEnter end");
@@ -159,6 +189,8 @@ static void lsIdle()
 static void lsExit()
 {
     LOG_POWERFSM("State: lsExit");
+    // Lift the light-sleep force-off gate when leaving LS.
+    t5BacklightWakeFromSleep();
 }
 
 static void nbEnter()
@@ -180,6 +212,8 @@ static void darkEnter()
     setBluetoothEnable(true);
     if (screen)
         screen->setOn(false);
+    // Screen timeout enters DARK; ensure backlight also turns off.
+    t5BacklightOffForTimeout();
 }
 
 static void serialEnter()
@@ -289,12 +323,13 @@ void PowerFSM_setup()
     powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateNB, EVENT_PACKET_FOR_PHONE, NULL, "Received packet, resetting win wake");
 
     // Handle press events - note: we ignore button presses when in API mode
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, isPowered() ? &statePOWER : &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press"); // reenter On to restart our timers
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSERIAL, EVENT_PRESS, NULL,
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, isPowered() ? &statePOWER : &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Press"); // reenter On to restart our timers
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSERIAL, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
                             "Press"); // Allow button to work while in serial API
 
     // Handle critically low power battery by forcing deep sleep
@@ -314,11 +349,13 @@ void PowerFSM_setup()
     powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSHUTDOWN, EVENT_SHUTDOWN, NULL, "Shutdown");
 
     // Inputbroker
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");       // restarts the sleep timer
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer
 
     powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_BLUETOOTH_PAIR, NULL, "Bluetooth pairing");
     powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_BLUETOOTH_PAIR, NULL, "Bluetooth pairing");

src/RedirectablePrint.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "../freertosinc.h"
+#include "Print.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
-#include <Print.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string>
 

src/configuration.h

@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #elif defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
 #define NUM_PA_POINTS 22
 #define TX_GAIN_LORA 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, 13, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7
+#elif defined(HELTEC_V4_R8)
+#define NUM_PA_POINTS 22
+#define TX_GAIN_LORA 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 12, 12, 11, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7
 #else
 // If a board enables USE_KCT8103L_PA but does not match a known variant and has
 // not already provided a PA curve, fail at compile time to avoid unsafe defaults.

src/detect/ScanI2CTwoWire.cpp

@@ -415,30 +415,45 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
             case INA_ADDR: // Same as SHT2X
             case INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE:
-            case INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS:
-                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
-                LOG_DEBUG("Register MFG_UID: 0x%x", registerValue);
-                if (registerValue == 0x5449) {
-                    registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFF), 2);
-                    LOG_DEBUG("Register DIE_UID: 0x%x", registerValue);
+            case INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS: {
+                uint16_t mfg = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
 
-                    if (registerValue == 0x2260) {
+                LOG_DEBUG("Register MFG_UID: 0x%x", mfg);
+
+                // Only read DIE_UID for vendors we recognize as INA-compatible to avoid
+                // an extra I2C transaction + delay on other devices sharing this address.
+                if (mfg == 0x5449 || mfg == 0x190F) {
+                    uint16_t die = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFF), 2);
+                    LOG_DEBUG("Register DIE_UID: 0x%x", die);
+
+                    // TI INA226 or fully compatible clones (e.g. TPA626)
+                    if (mfg == 0x5449 && die == 0x2260) {
                         logFoundDevice("INA226", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                         type = INA226;
-                    } else {
+                    }
+                    // Silergy SQ52201 (INA226-compatible with different IDs)
+                    else if (mfg == 0x190F && die == 0x0000) {
+                        logFoundDevice("INA226 (SQ52201)", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                        type = INA226;
+                    }
+                    // TI INA260
+                    else if (mfg == 0x5449) {
                         logFoundDevice("INA260", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                         type = INA260;
                     }
+                }
 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
-                } else if (detectSHT21SerialNumber(i2cBus, (uint8_t)addr.address)) {
+                if (type == NONE && detectSHT21SerialNumber(i2cBus, (uint8_t)addr.address)) {
                     logFoundDevice("SHTXX (SHT2X)", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                     type = SHTXX;
+                }
 #endif
-                } else { // Assume INA219 if none of the above ones are found
+                else { // Assume INA219 if none of the above ones are found
                     logFoundDevice("INA219", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                     type = INA219;
                 }
                 break;
+            }
             case INA3221_ADDR:
                 registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
                 LOG_DEBUG("Register MFG_UID FE: 0x%x", registerValue);

src/gps/GPSUpdateScheduling.cpp

@@ -70,20 +70,25 @@ bool GPSUpdateScheduling::isUpdateDue()
 // Have we been searching for a GPS position for too long?
 bool GPSUpdateScheduling::searchedTooLong()
 {
+    constexpr uint32_t oneMinuteMs = 60UL * 1000UL;
+    constexpr uint32_t maxSearchClampMs = 15UL * oneMinuteMs; // Hard cap: 15 minutes is always too long
+    uint32_t elapsed = elapsedSearchMs();
+
+    // Anything over 15 minutes is too long, regardless of the broadcast interval.
+    // TODO: Make a smarter algorithm that backs off the search dwell time when not getting a lock.
+    if (elapsed > maxSearchClampMs)
+        return true;
+
     uint32_t minimumOrConfiguredSecs =
         Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(config.position.position_broadcast_secs, default_broadcast_interval_secs);
     uint32_t maxSearchMs = Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(minimumOrConfiguredSecs, default_broadcast_interval_secs);
-    // If broadcast interval set to max, no such thing as "too long"
-    if (maxSearchMs == UINT32_MAX)
-        return false;
 
     // If we've been searching longer than our position broadcast interval: that's too long
-    else if (elapsedSearchMs() > maxSearchMs)
+    if (elapsed > maxSearchMs)
         return true;
 
     // Otherwise, not too long yet!
-    else
-        return false;
+    return false;
 }
 
 // Updates the predicted time-to-get-lock, by exponentially smoothing the latest observation

src/graphics/Screen.cpp

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "draw/NodeListRenderer.h"
 #include "draw/NotificationRenderer.h"
 #include "draw/UIRenderer.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
 #include "modules/CannedMessageModule.h"
 
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GPS
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "gps/RTC.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/emotes.h"
 #include "graphics/images.h"
 #include "input/TouchScreenImpl1.h"
@@ -69,12 +71,6 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "target_specific.h"
 extern MessageStore messageStore;
 
-#if USE_TFTDISPLAY
-extern uint16_t TFT_MESH;
-#else
-uint16_t TFT_MESH = COLOR565(0x67, 0xEA, 0x94);
-#endif
-
 #if HAS_WIFI && !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
 #include "mesh/wifi/WiFiAPClient.h"
 #endif
@@ -109,6 +105,27 @@ namespace graphics
 // A text message frame + debug frame + all the node infos
 FrameCallback *normalFrames;
 static uint32_t targetFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+static inline void prepareFrameColorRegions()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    clearTFTColorRegions();
+    // Full-frame FrameMono inversion for themes that need it (e.g. light themes).
+    if (isThemeFullFrameInvert()) {
+        setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::FrameMono, getThemeBodyFg(), getThemeBodyBg(), 0, 0, screen->getWidth(),
+                                   screen->getHeight());
+    }
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline void updateUiFrame(OLEDDisplayUi *ui)
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    prepareFrameColorRegions();
+#endif
+    ui->update();
+}
 // Global variables for alert banner - explicitly define with extern "C" linkage to prevent optimization
 
 uint32_t logo_timeout = 5000; // 4 seconds for EACH logo
@@ -227,7 +244,7 @@ void Screen::showOverlayBanner(BannerOverlayOptions banner_overlay_options)
     static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
     ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
     ui->setTargetFPS(60);
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 }
 
 // Called to trigger a banner with custom message and duration
@@ -249,7 +266,7 @@ void Screen::showNodePicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, std::funct
     static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
     ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
     ui->setTargetFPS(60);
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 }
 
 // Called to trigger a banner with custom message and duration
@@ -273,7 +290,7 @@ void Screen::showNumberPicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, uint8_t
     static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
     ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
     ui->setTargetFPS(60);
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 }
 
 void Screen::showTextInput(const char *header, const char *initialText, uint32_t durationMs,
@@ -296,7 +313,7 @@ void Screen::showTextInput(const char *header, const char *initialText, uint32_t
     static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
     ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
     ui->setTargetFPS(60);
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 }
 
 static void drawModuleFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
@@ -388,30 +405,6 @@ Screen::Screen(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress address, meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_O
 {
     graphics::normalFrames = new FrameCallback[MAX_NUM_NODES + NUM_EXTRA_FRAMES];
 
-    int32_t rawRGB = uiconfig.screen_rgb_color;
-
-    // Only validate the combined value once
-    if (rawRGB > 0 && rawRGB <= 255255255) {
-        LOG_INFO("Setting screen RGB color to user chosen: 0x%06X", rawRGB);
-        // Extract each component as a normal int first
-        int r = (rawRGB >> 16) & 0xFF;
-        int g = (rawRGB >> 8) & 0xFF;
-        int b = rawRGB & 0xFF;
-        if (r >= 0 && r <= 255 && g >= 0 && g <= 255 && b >= 0 && b <= 255) {
-            TFT_MESH = COLOR565(static_cast<uint8_t>(r), static_cast<uint8_t>(g), static_cast<uint8_t>(b));
-        }
-#ifdef TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE
-    } else if (rawRGB == 0) {
-        LOG_INFO("Setting screen RGB color to TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE: 0x%04X", TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE);
-        // Default to TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE if available
-        TFT_MESH = TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE;
-#endif
-    } else {
-        // Default best readable yellow color
-        LOG_INFO("Setting screen RGB color to default: (255,255,128)");
-        TFT_MESH = COLOR565(255, 255, 128);
-    }
-
 #if defined(USE_SH1106) || defined(USE_SH1107) || defined(USE_SH1107_128_64)
     dispdev = new SH1106Wire(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
                              (address.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1) ? HW_I2C::I2C_TWO : HW_I2C::I2C_ONE);
@@ -474,9 +467,13 @@ Screen::Screen(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress address, meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_O
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ST7789)
-    static_cast<ST7789Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFT_MESH);
+    // Keep firmware and ST7789 driver region structs layout-compatible:
+    // we pass `graphics::colorRegions` through a type cast below.
+    static_assert(sizeof(graphics::TFTColorRegion) == sizeof(::TFTColorRegion),
+                  "graphics::TFTColorRegion layout must match ST7789 TFTColorRegion");
+    static_cast<ST7789Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFTPalette::White, (::TFTColorRegion *)colorRegions);
 #elif defined(USE_ST7796)
-    static_cast<ST7796Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFT_MESH);
+    static_cast<ST7796Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFTPalette::White);
 #endif
 
     ui = new OLEDDisplayUi(dispdev);
@@ -527,6 +524,11 @@ void Screen::handleSetOn(bool on, FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
             delay(100);
 #endif
 #if !ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#if defined(USE_ST7789) && defined(VTFT_CTRL)
+            // Ensure panel power rail is enabled before sending wake commands.
+            pinMode(VTFT_CTRL, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(VTFT_CTRL, LOW);
+#endif
             dispdev->displayOn();
 #endif
 
@@ -548,10 +550,6 @@ void Screen::handleSetOn(bool on, FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
             ui->init();
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ST7789) && defined(VTFT_LEDA)
-#ifdef VTFT_CTRL
-            pinMode(VTFT_CTRL, OUTPUT);
-            digitalWrite(VTFT_CTRL, LOW);
-#endif
             ui->init();
 #ifdef ESP_PLATFORM
             analogWrite(VTFT_LEDA, BRIGHTNESS_DEFAULT);
@@ -592,23 +590,22 @@ void Screen::handleSetOn(bool on, FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ST7789
             SPI1.end();
-#if defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+            // Keep TFT control pins in deterministic states while timed-off.
+            // Floating/default pin states can corrupt panel edge rows on wake.
 #ifdef VTFT_LEDA
-            pinMode(VTFT_LEDA, ANALOG);
+            pinMode(VTFT_LEDA, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(VTFT_LEDA, !TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON);
 #endif
 #ifdef VTFT_CTRL
-            pinMode(VTFT_CTRL, ANALOG);
-#endif
-            pinMode(ST7789_RESET, ANALOG);
-            pinMode(ST7789_RS, ANALOG);
-            pinMode(ST7789_NSS, ANALOG);
-#else
-            nrf_gpio_cfg_default(VTFT_LEDA);
-            nrf_gpio_cfg_default(VTFT_CTRL);
-            nrf_gpio_cfg_default(ST7789_RESET);
-            nrf_gpio_cfg_default(ST7789_RS);
-            nrf_gpio_cfg_default(ST7789_NSS);
+            pinMode(VTFT_CTRL, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(VTFT_CTRL, HIGH);
 #endif
+            pinMode(ST7789_RESET, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(ST7789_RESET, HIGH);
+            pinMode(ST7789_RS, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(ST7789_RS, HIGH);
+            pinMode(ST7789_NSS, OUTPUT);
+            digitalWrite(ST7789_NSS, HIGH);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ST7796
             SPI1.end();
@@ -663,16 +660,16 @@ void Screen::setup()
     static_cast<SH1106Wire *>(dispdev)->setSubtype(7);
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ST7789) && defined(TFT_MESH)
-    // Apply custom RGB color (e.g. Heltec T114/T190)
-    static_cast<ST7789Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFT_MESH);
+#if defined(USE_ST7789)
+    static_assert(sizeof(graphics::TFTColorRegion) == sizeof(::TFTColorRegion),
+                  "graphics::TFTColorRegion layout must match ST7789 TFTColorRegion");
+    static_cast<ST7789Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFTPalette::White, (::TFTColorRegion *)colorRegions);
 #endif
 #if defined(MUZI_BASE)
     dispdev->delayPoweron = true;
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ST7796) && defined(TFT_MESH)
-    // Custom text color, if defined in variant.h
-    static_cast<ST7796Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFT_MESH);
+#if defined(USE_ST7796)
+    static_cast<ST7796Spi *>(dispdev)->setRGB(TFTPalette::White);
 #endif
 
     // Initialize display and UI system
@@ -718,7 +715,7 @@ void Screen::setup()
 #endif
         {
             const char *region = myRegion ? myRegion->name : nullptr;
-            graphics::UIRenderer::drawIconScreen(region, display, state, x, y);
+            graphics::UIRenderer::drawBootIconScreen(region, display, state, x, y);
         }
     };
     ui->setFrames(alertFrames, 1);
@@ -757,9 +754,9 @@ void Screen::setup()
     //  Turn on display and trigger first draw
     handleSetOn(true);
     graphics::currentResolution = graphics::determineScreenResolution(dispdev->height(), dispdev->width());
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 #ifndef USE_EINK
-    ui->update(); // Some SSD1306 clones drop the first draw, so run twice
+    updateUiFrame(ui); // Some SSD1306 clones drop the first draw, so run twice
 #endif
     serialSinceMsec = millis();
 
@@ -832,7 +829,7 @@ void Screen::forceDisplay(bool forceUiUpdate)
         do {
             startUpdate = millis(); // Handle impossibly unlikely corner case of a millis() overflow..
             delay(10);
-            ui->update();
+            updateUiFrame(ui);
         } while (ui->getUiState()->lastUpdate < startUpdate);
 
         // Return to normal frame rate
@@ -903,9 +900,9 @@ int32_t Screen::runOnce()
         static FrameCallback bootOEMFrames[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawOEMBootScreen};
         static const int bootOEMFrameCount = sizeof(bootOEMFrames) / sizeof(bootOEMFrames[0]);
         ui->setFrames(bootOEMFrames, bootOEMFrameCount);
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
 #ifndef USE_EINK
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
 #endif
         showingOEMBootScreen = false;
     }
@@ -996,7 +993,7 @@ int32_t Screen::runOnce()
 
     // this must be before the frameState == FIXED check, because we always
     // want to draw at least one FIXED frame before doing forceDisplay
-    ui->update();
+    updateUiFrame(ui);
 
     // Switch to a low framerate (to save CPU) when we are not in transition
     // but we should only call setTargetFPS when framestate changes, because
@@ -1058,7 +1055,7 @@ void Screen::setSSLFrames()
         // LOG_DEBUG("Show SSL frames");
         static FrameCallback sslFrames[] = {NotificationRenderer::drawSSLScreen};
         ui->setFrames(sslFrames, 1);
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1094,7 +1091,7 @@ void Screen::setScreensaverFrames(FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
     do {
         startUpdate = millis(); // Handle impossibly unlikely corner case of a millis() overflow..
         delay(1);
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
     } while (ui->getUiState()->lastUpdate < startUpdate);
 
 #if defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
@@ -1469,9 +1466,15 @@ void Screen::blink()
     dispdev->setBrightness(254);
     while (count > 0) {
         dispdev->fillRect(0, 0, dispdev->getWidth(), dispdev->getHeight());
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        prepareFrameColorRegions();
+#endif
         dispdev->display();
         delay(50);
         dispdev->clear();
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        prepareFrameColorRegions();
+#endif
         dispdev->display();
         delay(50);
         count = count - 1;
@@ -1605,6 +1608,9 @@ void Screen::setFastFramerate()
 {
 #if defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
     dispdev->clear();
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    prepareFrameColorRegions();
+#endif
     dispdev->display();
 #endif
     // We are about to start a transition so speed up fps
@@ -1816,7 +1822,7 @@ int Screen::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
         static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
         ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
         setFastFramerate(); // Draw ASAP
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -1831,7 +1837,7 @@ int Screen::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
         static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
         ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
         setFastFramerate(); // Draw ASAP
-        ui->update();
+        updateUiFrame(ui);
 
         menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(dispdev);
         return 0;

src/graphics/SharedUIDisplay.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #if HAS_SCREEN
 #include "MeshService.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "draw/NodeListRenderer.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/draw/UIRenderer.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "meshtastic/config.pb.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
 #include "power.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
+#include <cctype>
 #include <graphics/images.h>
 
 namespace graphics
@@ -65,6 +69,12 @@ uint32_t lastBlinkShared = 0;
 bool isMailIconVisible = true;
 uint32_t lastMailBlink = 0;
 
+static inline bool useClockHeaderAccentTheme(uint32_t themeId)
+{
+    return themeId == ThemeID::Pink || themeId == ThemeID::Creamsicle || themeId == ThemeID::MeshtasticGreen ||
+           themeId == ThemeID::ClassicRed || themeId == ThemeID::MonochromeWhite;
+}
+
 // *********************************
 // * Rounded Header when inverted *
 // *********************************
@@ -85,7 +95,8 @@ void drawRoundedHighlight(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
 // *************************
 // * Common Header Drawing *
 // *************************
-void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *titleStr, bool force_no_invert, bool show_date)
+void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *titleStr, bool force_no_invert, bool show_date,
+                      bool transparent_background, bool use_title_color_override, uint16_t title_color_override)
 {
     constexpr int HEADER_OFFSET_Y = 1;
     y += HEADER_OFFSET_Y;
@@ -100,30 +111,93 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
 
     const int screenW = display->getWidth();
     const int screenH = display->getHeight();
+    const int headerHeight = highlightHeight + 2;
+    const uint16_t headerColorForRoles = getThemeHeaderBg();
+    // Color TFT headers use a fixed dark background + white glyphs.
+    // Keep legacy inverted bitmap behavior only for monochrome displays.
+    const bool useInvertedHeaderStyle = (isInverted && !force_no_invert && !isTFTColoringEnabled() && !transparent_background);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    int statusLeftEndX = 0;
+    int statusRightStartX = screenW;
+    const bool isClockHeader = transparent_background && show_date && (!titleStr || titleStr[0] == '\0');
+    const auto activeThemeId = getActiveTheme().id;
+    const bool useClockHeaderAccent = isClockHeader && useClockHeaderAccentTheme(activeThemeId);
+#endif
+
+    {
+        const uint16_t headerColor = getThemeHeaderBg();
+        const uint16_t headerTextColor = getThemeHeaderText();
+        const uint16_t headerTitleColorForRole = use_title_color_override ? title_color_override : headerTextColor;
+        uint16_t headerStatusColor = getThemeHeaderStatus();
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        // Clock frame uses transparent header + date + empty title.
+        // For accent clock themes (Pink/Creamsicle + classic monochrome), tint
+        // status items (battery outline, %, date, mail icon) to the header accent.
+        if (useClockHeaderAccent) {
+            headerStatusColor = getThemeHeaderBg();
+        }
+
+        if (transparent_background) {
+            // Transparent clock headers should inherit whatever body off-color is
+            // already active under the header (important for light/inverted themes).
+            const uint16_t transparentBgColor = resolveTFTOffColorAt(0, headerHeight + 1, getThemeBodyBg());
+            setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderBackground, transparentBgColor, transparentBgColor, 0, 0, screenW,
+                                       headerHeight);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderTitle, headerTitleColorForRole, transparentBgColor);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus, headerStatusColor, transparentBgColor);
+        } else if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
+            setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderBackground, headerColor, TFTPalette::Black, 0, 0, screenW,
+                                       headerHeight);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderTitle, headerColor, headerTitleColorForRole);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus, headerColor, headerStatusColor);
+        } else {
+            setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderBackground, TFTPalette::Black, headerColor, 0, 0, screenW,
+                                       headerHeight);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderTitle, headerTitleColorForRole, headerColor);
+            setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus, headerStatusColor, headerColor);
+        }
+#endif
 
-    if (!force_no_invert) {
         // === Inverted Header Background ===
-        if (isInverted) {
+        if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
             display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(0, 0, screenW, highlightHeight + 2);
+            display->fillRect(0, 0, screenW, headerHeight);
             display->setColor(WHITE);
             drawRoundedHighlight(display, x, y, screenW, highlightHeight, 2);
             display->setColor(BLACK);
         } else {
             display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(0, 0, screenW, highlightHeight + 2);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-            if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
-                display->drawLine(0, 20, screenW, 20);
-            } else {
-                display->drawLine(0, 14, screenW, 14);
+            display->fillRect(0, 0, screenW, headerHeight);
+// Keep the legacy white separator for monochrome displays only when header background is visible.
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+            if (!transparent_background) {
+                display->setColor(WHITE);
+                if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
+                    display->drawLine(0, 20, screenW, 20);
+                } else {
+                    display->drawLine(0, 14, screenW, 14);
+                }
             }
+#endif
         }
 
+        if (transparent_background) {
+            display->setColor(WHITE);
+        }
+
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        // TFT role coloring expects foreground glyph bits to be "set".
+        display->setColor(WHITE);
+#endif
+
         // === Screen Title ===
         const char *headerTitle = titleStr ? titleStr : "";
         const int titleWidth = UIRenderer::measureStringWithEmotes(display, headerTitle);
         const int titleX = (SCREEN_WIDTH - titleWidth) / 2;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        const int titleRegionWidth = titleWidth + (config.display.heading_bold ? 3 : 2);
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::HeaderTitle, titleX - 1, y, titleRegionWidth, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL);
+#endif
         UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, titleX, y, headerTitle, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, config.display.heading_bold);
     }
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
@@ -152,6 +226,17 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
 
     bool useHorizontalBattery = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High && screenW >= screenH);
     const int textY = y + (highlightHeight - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
+    bool hasBatteryFillRegion = false;
+    int16_t batteryFillRegionX = 0;
+    int16_t batteryFillRegionY = 0;
+    int16_t batteryFillRegionW = 0;
+    int16_t batteryFillRegionH = 0;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    uint16_t batteryFillColor = getThemeBatteryFillColor(chargePercent);
+    if (useClockHeaderAccent) {
+        batteryFillColor = getThemeHeaderBg();
+    }
+#endif
 
     int batteryX = 1;
     int batteryY = HEADER_OFFSET_Y + 1;
@@ -180,6 +265,15 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
                 display->drawLine(batteryX + 5, batteryY + 12, batteryX + 10, batteryY + 12);
                 int fillWidth = 14 * chargePercent / 100;
                 display->fillRect(batteryX + 1, batteryY + 1, fillWidth, 11);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (fillWidth > 0) {
+                    hasBatteryFillRegion = true;
+                    batteryFillRegionX = batteryX + 1;
+                    batteryFillRegionY = batteryY + 1;
+                    batteryFillRegionW = fillWidth;
+                    batteryFillRegionH = 11;
+                }
+#endif
             }
             batteryX += 18; // Icon + 2 pixels
         } else {
@@ -194,21 +288,41 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
                 int fillHeight = 8 * chargePercent / 100;
                 int fillY = batteryY - fillHeight;
                 display->fillRect(batteryX + 1, fillY + 10, 5, fillHeight);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (fillHeight > 0) {
+                    hasBatteryFillRegion = true;
+                    batteryFillRegionX = batteryX + 1;
+                    batteryFillRegionY = fillY + 10;
+                    batteryFillRegionW = 5;
+                    batteryFillRegionH = fillHeight;
+                }
+#endif
             }
             batteryX += 9; // Icon + 2 pixels
         }
     }
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    statusLeftEndX = batteryX + 2;
+#endif
 
     if (chargePercent != 101) {
         // === Battery % Display ===
         char chargeStr[4];
         snprintf(chargeStr, sizeof(chargeStr), "%d", chargePercent);
         int chargeNumWidth = display->getStringWidth(chargeStr);
+        const int percentWidth = display->getStringWidth("%");
+        const int percentX = batteryX + chargeNumWidth - 1;
         display->drawString(batteryX, textY, chargeStr);
-        display->drawString(batteryX + chargeNumWidth - 1, textY, "%");
+        display->drawString(percentX, textY, "%");
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        statusLeftEndX = percentX + percentWidth + 2;
+#endif
         if (isBold) {
             display->drawString(batteryX + 1, textY, chargeStr);
-            display->drawString(batteryX + chargeNumWidth, textY, "%");
+            display->drawString(percentX + 1, textY, "%");
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+            statusLeftEndX = percentX + percentWidth + 3;
+#endif
         }
     }
 
@@ -253,6 +367,9 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
             timeStrWidth = display->getStringWidth(timeStr);
         }
         timeX = screenW - xOffset - timeStrWidth + 3;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        statusRightStartX = timeX - (useHorizontalBattery ? 22 : 16);
+#endif
 
         // === Show Mail or Mute Icon to the Left of Time ===
         int iconRightEdge = timeX - 2;
@@ -278,7 +395,7 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
                 int iconW = 16, iconH = 12;
                 int iconX = iconRightEdge - iconW;
                 int iconY = textY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - iconH) / 2 - 1;
-                if (isInverted && !force_no_invert) {
+                if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
                     display->setColor(WHITE);
                     display->fillRect(iconX - 1, iconY - 1, iconW + 3, iconH + 2);
                     display->setColor(BLACK);
@@ -293,7 +410,7 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
             } else {
                 int iconX = iconRightEdge - (mail_width - 2);
                 int iconY = textY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - mail_height) / 2;
-                if (isInverted && !force_no_invert) {
+                if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
                     display->setColor(WHITE);
                     display->fillRect(iconX - 1, iconY - 1, mail_width + 2, mail_height + 2);
                     display->setColor(BLACK);
@@ -309,7 +426,7 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
                 int iconX = iconRightEdge - mute_symbol_big_width;
                 int iconY = textY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - mute_symbol_big_height) / 2;
 
-                if (isInverted && !force_no_invert) {
+                if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
                     display->setColor(WHITE);
                     display->fillRect(iconX - 1, iconY - 1, mute_symbol_big_width + 2, mute_symbol_big_height + 2);
                     display->setColor(BLACK);
@@ -323,7 +440,7 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
                 int iconX = iconRightEdge - mute_symbol_width;
                 int iconY = textY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - mail_height) / 2;
 
-                if (isInverted && !force_no_invert) {
+                if (useInvertedHeaderStyle) {
                     display->setColor(WHITE);
                     display->fillRect(iconX - 1, iconY - 1, mute_symbol_width + 2, mute_symbol_height + 2);
                     display->setColor(BLACK);
@@ -351,7 +468,9 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
     } else {
         // === No Time Available: Mail/Mute Icon Moves to Far Right ===
         int iconRightEdge = screenW - xOffset;
-
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        statusRightStartX = screenW - (useHorizontalBattery ? 22 : 12);
+#endif
         bool showMail = false;
 
 #ifndef USE_EINK
@@ -393,6 +512,16 @@ void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *ti
             }
         }
     }
+#endif
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus, 0, 0, statusLeftEndX, headerHeight);
+    if (statusRightStartX < screenW) {
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus, statusRightStartX, 0, screenW - statusRightStartX, headerHeight);
+    }
+    if (hasBatteryFillRegion) {
+        registerTFTColorRegionDirect(batteryFillRegionX, batteryFillRegionY, batteryFillRegionW, batteryFillRegionH,
+                                     batteryFillColor, headerColorForRoles);
+    }
 #endif
     display->setColor(WHITE); // Reset for other UI
 }
@@ -430,14 +559,23 @@ void drawCommonFooter(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y)
         return;
 
     const int scale = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 2 : 1;
+    const int footerY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (1 * scale) - (connection_icon_height * scale);
+    const int footerH = (connection_icon_height * scale) + (2 * scale);
+    const int iconX = 0;
+    const int iconY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (connection_icon_height * scale);
+    const int iconW = connection_icon_width * scale;
+    const int iconH = connection_icon_height * scale;
+
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    // Only tint the link glyph itself on TFT; keep the footer background black.
+    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::ConnectionIcon, TFTPalette::Blue, TFTPalette::Black, iconX, iconY, iconW, iconH);
+#endif
+
     display->setColor(BLACK);
-    display->fillRect(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT - (1 * scale) - (connection_icon_height * scale), (connection_icon_width * scale),
-                      (connection_icon_height * scale) + (2 * scale));
+    display->fillRect(0, footerY, SCREEN_WIDTH, footerH);
     display->setColor(WHITE);
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
         const int bytesPerRow = (connection_icon_width + 7) / 8;
-        int iconX = 0;
-        int iconY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (connection_icon_height * 2);
 
         for (int yy = 0; yy < connection_icon_height; ++yy) {
             const uint8_t *rowPtr = connection_icon + yy * bytesPerRow;
@@ -451,65 +589,127 @@ void drawCommonFooter(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y)
         }
 
     } else {
-        display->drawXbm(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT - connection_icon_height, connection_icon_width, connection_icon_height,
-                         connection_icon);
+        display->drawXbm(iconX, iconY, connection_icon_width, connection_icon_height, connection_icon);
     }
 }
 
 bool isAllowedPunctuation(char c)
 {
-    const std::string allowed = ".,!?;:-_()[]{}'\"@#$/\\&+=%~^ ";
-    return allowed.find(c) != std::string::npos;
+    switch (c) {
+    case '.':
+    case ',':
+    case '!':
+    case '?':
+    case ';':
+    case ':':
+    case '-':
+    case '_':
+    case '(':
+    case ')':
+    case '[':
+    case ']':
+    case '{':
+    case '}':
+    case '\'':
+    case '"':
+    case '@':
+    case '#':
+    case '$':
+    case '/':
+    case '\\':
+    case '&':
+    case '+':
+    case '=':
+    case '%':
+    case '~':
+    case '^':
+    case ' ':
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
-static void replaceAll(std::string &s, const std::string &from, const std::string &to)
+static inline size_t utf8CodePointLength(unsigned char lead)
 {
-    if (from.empty())
-        return;
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    while ((pos = s.find(from, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
-        s.replace(pos, from.size(), to);
-        pos += to.size();
+    if ((lead & 0x80) == 0x00) {
+        return 1;
     }
+    if ((lead & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    if ((lead & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+        return 3;
+    }
+    if ((lead & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+        return 4;
+    }
+    return 1;
 }
 
 std::string sanitizeString(const std::string &input)
 {
+    static constexpr char kReplacementChar = static_cast<char>(0xBF); // Inverted question mark in ISO-8859-1.
     std::string output;
+    output.reserve(input.size());
     bool inReplacement = false;
-
-    // Make a mutable copy so we can normalize UTF-8 “smart punctuation” into ASCII first.
-    std::string s = input;
-
-    // Curly single quotes: ‘ ’
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x98", "'"); // U+2018
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x99", "'"); // U+2019
-
-    // Curly double quotes: “ ”
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x9C", "\""); // U+201C
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x9D", "\""); // U+201D
-
-    // En dash / Em dash: – —
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x93", "-"); // U+2013
-    replaceAll(s, "\xE2\x80\x94", "-"); // U+2014
-
-    // Non-breaking space
-    replaceAll(s, "\xC2\xA0", " "); // U+00A0
-
-    // Now do your original sanitize pass over the normalized string.
-    for (unsigned char uc : s) {
-        char c = static_cast<char>(uc);
-        if (std::isalnum(uc) || isAllowedPunctuation(c)) {
-            output += c;
-            inReplacement = false;
-        } else {
+    const size_t inputSize = input.size();
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < inputSize) {
+        const unsigned char byte0 = static_cast<unsigned char>(input[i]);
+        char normalized = '\0';
+        size_t consumed = 0;
+        if (byte0 < 0x80) {
+            normalized = static_cast<char>(byte0);
+            consumed = 1;
+        } else if ((i + 2) < inputSize && byte0 == 0xE2 && static_cast<unsigned char>(input[i + 1]) == 0x80) {
+            // Smart punctuation: ' ' \" \" - -
+            switch (static_cast<unsigned char>(input[i + 2])) {
+            case 0x98:
+            case 0x99:
+                normalized = '\'';
+                consumed = 3;
+                break;
+            case 0x9C:
+            case 0x9D:
+                normalized = '\"';
+                consumed = 3;
+                break;
+            case 0x93:
+            case 0x94:
+                normalized = '-';
+                consumed = 3;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+        } else if ((i + 1) < inputSize && byte0 == 0xC2 && static_cast<unsigned char>(input[i + 1]) == 0xA0) {
+            // Non-breaking space.
+            normalized = ' ';
+            consumed = 2;
+        }
+        if (consumed == 0) {
+            size_t seqLen = utf8CodePointLength(byte0);
+            if (seqLen > (inputSize - i)) {
+                seqLen = 1;
+            }
             if (!inReplacement) {
-                output += static_cast<char>(0xBF); // ISO-8859-1 for inverted question mark
+                output.push_back(kReplacementChar);
                 inReplacement = true;
             }
+            i += seqLen;
+            continue;
         }
+        const unsigned char normalizedUc = static_cast<unsigned char>(normalized);
+        if (std::isalnum(normalizedUc) || isAllowedPunctuation(normalized)) {
+            output.push_back(normalized);
+            inReplacement = false;
+        } else if (!inReplacement) {
+            output.push_back(kReplacementChar);
+            inReplacement = true;
+        }
+        i += consumed;
     }
-
     return output;
 }
 

src/graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace graphics
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ void drawRoundedHighlight(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
 
 // Shared battery/time/mail header
 void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *titleStr = "", bool force_no_invert = false,
-                      bool show_date = false);
+                      bool show_date = false, bool transparent_background = false, bool use_title_color_override = false,
+                      uint16_t title_color_override = 0);
 
 // Shared battery/time/mail header
 void drawCommonFooter(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y);

src/graphics/TFTColorRegions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+#include "TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "TFTPalette.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace graphics
+{
+TFTColorRegion colorRegions[MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS];
+
+namespace
+{
+
+struct TFTRoleColorsBe {
+    uint16_t onColorBe;
+    uint16_t offColorBe;
+};
+
+static uint8_t colorRegionCount = 0;
+static constexpr uint32_t kFnv1aOffsetBasis = 2166136261u;
+static constexpr uint32_t kFnv1aPrime = 16777619u;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t toBe565(uint16_t color)
+{
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>((color >> 8) | (color << 8));
+}
+
+static constexpr bool kRoleIsBody[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::Count)] = {
+    false, // HeaderBackground
+    false, // HeaderTitle
+    false, // HeaderStatus
+    true,  // SignalBars
+    true,  // ConnectionIcon
+    true,  // UtilizationFill
+    true,  // FavoriteNode
+    true,  // ActionMenuBorder
+    true,  // ActionMenuBody
+    true,  // ActionMenuTitle
+    true,  // FrameMono
+    false, // BootSplash
+    true,  // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+    false, // NavigationBar
+    false  // NavigationArrow
+};
+
+static inline bool isBodyColorRole(TFTColorRole role)
+{
+    return kRoleIsBody[static_cast<size_t>(role)];
+}
+
+static inline bool isMonochromeTheme(uint32_t themeId)
+{
+    return themeId == ThemeID::MeshtasticGreen || themeId == ThemeID::ClassicRed || themeId == ThemeID::MonochromeWhite;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t getMonochromeAccent(uint32_t themeId)
+{
+    return (themeId == ThemeID::MeshtasticGreen) ? TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen
+           : (themeId == ThemeID::ClassicRed)    ? TFTPalette::ClassicRed
+                                                 : TFTPalette::White;
+}
+
+static inline void replaceColor(uint16_t &value, uint16_t from, uint16_t to)
+{
+    if (value == from) {
+        value = to;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t fnv1aAppendByte(uint32_t hash, uint8_t value)
+{
+    return (hash ^ value) * kFnv1aPrime;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t fnv1aAppendU16(uint32_t hash, uint16_t value)
+{
+    hash = fnv1aAppendByte(hash, static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xFF));
+    hash = fnv1aAppendByte(hash, static_cast<uint8_t>((value >> 8) & 0xFF));
+    return hash;
+}
+
+// Compile-time header color overrides (backward-compatible)
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_BG_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+static constexpr uint16_t kHeaderBackground = TFT_HEADER_BG_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+static constexpr uint16_t kHeaderBackground = TFTPalette::DarkGray;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_TITLE_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+static constexpr uint16_t kTitleColor = TFT_HEADER_TITLE_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+static constexpr uint16_t kTitleColor = TFTPalette::White;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_STATUS_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+static constexpr uint16_t kStatusColor = TFT_HEADER_STATUS_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+static constexpr uint16_t kStatusColor = TFTPalette::White;
+#endif
+
+// Theme definitions
+// Stored in kThemes[] and looked up by matching uiconfig.screen_rgb_color
+// against each entry's .uniqueIdentifier field.
+
+static const TFTThemeDef kThemes[] = {
+
+    // Default Dark (ThemeID::DefaultDark = 0)
+    {
+        ThemeID::DefaultDark, // id
+        "Default Dark",       // name
+        0,                    // uniqueIdentifier
+        // roles[TFTColorRole::Count]
+        {
+            {kHeaderBackground, TFTPalette::Black},    // HeaderBackground
+            {kHeaderBackground, kTitleColor},          // HeaderTitle
+            {kHeaderBackground, kStatusColor},         // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::Good, TFTPalette::Black},     // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::Blue, TFTPalette::Black},     // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::Good, TFTPalette::Black},     // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::Black},   // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::DarkGray, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black},    // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::DarkGray, TFTPalette::White}, // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},    // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black},    // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::Black},   // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {kStatusColor, kHeaderBackground},         // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {kTitleColor, TFTPalette::Black},          // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::Good,   // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Medium, // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Bad,    // batteryFillBad
+        false,              // fullFrameInvert
+        true,               // visible
+    },
+
+    // Default Light (ThemeID::DefaultLight = 1)
+    {
+        ThemeID::DefaultLight, // id
+        "Default Light",       // name
+        1,                     // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::LightGray, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::LightGray, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::LightGray, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::Good, TFTPalette::White},      // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::Blue, TFTPalette::White},      // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::Good, TFTPalette::White},      // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Yellow},    // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::DarkGray, TFTPalette::White},  // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},     // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::DarkGray, TFTPalette::Black},  // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},     // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black},     // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Yellow},    // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::LightGray}, // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},     // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::Good,   // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Medium, // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Bad,    // batteryFillBad
+        true,               // fullFrameInvert
+        true,               // visible
+    },
+
+    // Christmas (ThemeID::Christmas = 2)
+    {
+        ThemeID::Christmas, // id
+        "Christmas",        // name
+        2,                  // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasRed, TFTPalette::Black},  // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasRed, TFTPalette::Gold},   // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasRed, TFTPalette::Gold},   // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasGreen, TFTPalette::Pine}, // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::Gold, TFTPalette::Pine},           // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasGreen, TFTPalette::Pine}, // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::Gold, TFTPalette::Pine},           // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasRed, TFTPalette::Pine},   // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Pine},          // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::ChristmasRed, TFTPalette::White},  // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Pine, TFTPalette::White},          // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::ChristmasRed},  // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::Gold, TFTPalette::Pine},           // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::Gold, TFTPalette::ChristmasRed},   // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {TFTPalette::Gold, TFTPalette::Pine},           // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::ChristmasGreen, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Gold,           // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::ChristmasRed,   // batteryFillBad
+        true,                       // fullFrameInvert
+        false,                      // visible
+    },
+
+    // Pink (ThemeID::Pink = 3) light variant
+    {
+        ThemeID::Pink, // id
+        "Pink",        // name
+        3,             // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::Black},     // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::White},     // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::White},     // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::DeepPink, TFTPalette::PalePink}, // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::PalePink},  // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::DeepPink, TFTPalette::PalePink}, // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::HotPink},     // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::PalePink},  // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::PalePink},    // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::White},     // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},       // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::HotPink},     // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::HotPink},     // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::HotPink},     // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {TFTPalette::HotPink, TFTPalette::PalePink},  // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::DeepPink, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::HotPink,  // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Bad,      // batteryFillBad
+        true,                 // fullFrameInvert
+        true,                 // visible
+    },
+
+    // Blue (ThemeID::Blue = 4) dark variant
+    {
+        ThemeID::Blue, // id
+        "Blue",        // name
+        4,             // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::DeepBlue, TFTPalette::Black},   // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::DeepBlue, TFTPalette::White},   // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::DeepBlue, TFTPalette::SkyBlue}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},     // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},     // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},     // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},     // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::DeepBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},    // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Navy},       // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::DeepBlue, TFTPalette::White},   // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Navy, TFTPalette::White},       // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::DeepBlue},   // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Navy},     // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::DeepBlue}, // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {TFTPalette::SkyBlue, TFTPalette::Black},    // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::SkyBlue, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Medium,  // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Bad,     // batteryFillBad
+        true,                // fullFrameInvert
+        true,                // visible
+    },
+
+    // Creamsicle (ThemeID::Creamsicle = 5)light variant
+    {
+        ThemeID::Creamsicle, // id
+        "Creamsicle",        // name
+        5,                   // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::White}, // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::White}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::DeepOrange, TFTPalette::Cream},  // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::Cream}, // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::DeepOrange, TFTPalette::Cream},  // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::CreamOrange}, // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::Cream}, // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Cream},       // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::White}, // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White},       // FrameMono
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::CreamOrange}, // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::CreamOrange}, // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::CreamOrange}, // NavigationBar  (icon fg, bar bg)
+            {TFTPalette::CreamOrange, TFTPalette::White}, // NavigationArrow (arrow fg, body bg)
+        },
+        TFTPalette::DeepOrange, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Gold,       // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Bad,        // batteryFillBad
+        true,                   // fullFrameInvert
+        true,                   // visible
+    },
+
+    // Meshtastic Green (ThemeID::MeshtasticGreen = 6) classic monochrome
+    // Pure single-color-on-black look.  Every role maps foreground pixels to
+    // the theme color and background pixels to Black.
+    {
+        ThemeID::MeshtasticGreen, // id
+        "Meshtastic Green",       // name
+        6,                        // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen}, // FrameMono (bodyBg, bodyFg)
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationBar
+            {TFTPalette::MeshtasticGreen, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationArrow
+        },
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillBad
+        true,              // fullFrameInvert
+        true,              // visible
+    },
+
+    // Classic Red (ThemeID::ClassicRed = 7) classic monochrome
+    {
+        ThemeID::ClassicRed, // id
+        "Classic Red",       // name
+        7,                   // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::ClassicRed}, // FrameMono (bodyBg, bodyFg)
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationBar
+            {TFTPalette::ClassicRed, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationArrow
+        },
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillBad
+        true,              // fullFrameInvert
+        true,              // visible
+    },
+
+    // Monochrome White (ThemeID::MonochromeWhite = 8) classic monochrome
+    {
+        ThemeID::MonochromeWhite, // id
+        "Monochrome White",       // name
+        8,                        // uniqueIdentifier
+        {
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderBackground
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderTitle
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // HeaderStatus
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // SignalBars
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // ConnectionIcon
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // UtilizationFill
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNode
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBorder
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuBody
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // ActionMenuTitle
+            {TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::White}, // FrameMono (bodyBg, bodyFg)
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // BootSplash
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationBar
+            {TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black}, // NavigationArrow
+        },
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillGood
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillMedium
+        TFTPalette::Black, // batteryFillBad
+        true,              // fullFrameInvert
+        true,              // visible
+    },
+};
+
+static constexpr size_t kInternalThemeCount = sizeof(kThemes) / sizeof(kThemes[0]);
+
+// Resolve the kThemes[] index for the currently persisted theme.  Called at
+// boot (indirectly via getActiveTheme()) and whenever the active theme is
+// queried, so uiconfig.screen_rgb_color remains the single source of truth.
+// Matches against .uniqueIdentifier - that's the field whose value is stored
+// in the user's config.  Falls back to 0 (DefaultDark) if no match is found,
+// which gracefully handles removed or retired themes.
+static inline size_t resolveThemeIndex()
+{
+    const uint32_t savedIdentifier = uiconfig.screen_rgb_color & 0x1F;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kInternalThemeCount; i++) {
+        if (kThemes[i].uniqueIdentifier == savedIdentifier)
+            return i;
+    }
+    return 0; // Default Dark fallback
+}
+
+static inline bool normalizeRegion(int16_t &x, int16_t &y, int16_t &width, int16_t &height)
+{
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (x < 0) {
+        width += x;
+        x = 0;
+    }
+    if (y < 0) {
+        height += y;
+        y = 0;
+    }
+
+    return width > 0 && height > 0;
+}
+
+static inline void appendColorRegion(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height, uint16_t onColorBe, uint16_t offColorBe)
+{
+    // Keep the last slot permanently disabled as a sentinel for ST7789 scans.
+    // This leaves MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS - 1 usable entries.
+    if (colorRegionCount >= MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS - 1) {
+        memmove(&colorRegions[0], &colorRegions[1], sizeof(TFTColorRegion) * (MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS - 2));
+        colorRegionCount = MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS - 2;
+    }
+
+    TFTColorRegion &region = colorRegions[colorRegionCount++];
+    region.x = x;
+    region.y = y;
+    region.width = width;
+    region.height = height;
+    region.onColorBe = onColorBe;
+    region.offColorBe = offColorBe;
+    region.enabled = true;
+
+    // Keep one disabled sentinel after the active range for ST7789 countColorRegions().
+    if (colorRegionCount < MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS) {
+        colorRegions[colorRegionCount].enabled = false;
+    }
+    colorRegions[MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS - 1].enabled = false;
+}
+
+// Current working role colors (big-endian).  Initialised to Dark defaults;
+// call loadThemeDefaults() after boot / theme change to refresh.
+static TFTRoleColorsBe roleColors[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::Count)] = {
+    {toBe565(kHeaderBackground), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},    // HeaderBackground
+    {toBe565(kHeaderBackground), toBe565(kTitleColor)},          // HeaderTitle
+    {toBe565(kHeaderBackground), toBe565(kStatusColor)},         // HeaderStatus
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Good), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},     // SignalBars
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Blue), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},     // ConnectionIcon
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Good), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},     // UtilizationFill
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Yellow), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},   // FavoriteNode
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::DarkGray), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)}, // ActionMenuBorder
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::White), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},    // ActionMenuBody
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::DarkGray), toBe565(TFTPalette::White)}, // ActionMenuTitle
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Black), toBe565(TFTPalette::White)},    // FrameMono
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::White), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},    // BootSplash
+    {toBe565(TFTPalette::Yellow), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)},   // FavoriteNodeBGHighlight
+    {toBe565(kStatusColor), toBe565(kHeaderBackground)},         // NavigationBar
+    {toBe565(kTitleColor), toBe565(TFTPalette::Black)}           // NavigationArrow
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+// Theme accessors
+
+const TFTThemeDef &getActiveTheme()
+{
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()];
+}
+
+// Visible-theme accessors
+// These iterate only themes flagged .visible = true, preserving kThemes[]
+// order.  Menu code should use these so hidden themes don't appear in the
+// picker while still applying correctly if their ID is persisted.
+
+size_t getVisibleThemeCount()
+{
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kInternalThemeCount; i++) {
+        if (kThemes[i].visible)
+            count++;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+const TFTThemeDef &getVisibleThemeByIndex(size_t visibleIndex)
+{
+    size_t seen = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kInternalThemeCount; i++) {
+        if (!kThemes[i].visible)
+            continue;
+        if (seen == visibleIndex)
+            return kThemes[i];
+        seen++;
+    }
+    // Fallback: return first theme (never trust a bad index).
+    return kThemes[0];
+}
+
+size_t getActiveVisibleThemeIndex()
+{
+    const size_t active = resolveThemeIndex();
+    if (!kThemes[active].visible)
+        return SIZE_MAX;
+    size_t visibleIdx = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < active; i++) {
+        if (kThemes[i].visible)
+            visibleIdx++;
+    }
+    return visibleIdx;
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderBg()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_BG_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+    return TFT_HEADER_BG_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::HeaderBackground)].onColor;
+#endif
+#else
+    return TFTPalette::DarkGray;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderText()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_TITLE_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+    return TFT_HEADER_TITLE_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::HeaderTitle)].offColor;
+#endif
+#else
+    return TFTPalette::White;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderStatus()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+#ifdef TFT_HEADER_STATUS_COLOR_OVERRIDE
+    return TFT_HEADER_STATUS_COLOR_OVERRIDE;
+#else
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::HeaderStatus)].offColor;
+#endif
+#else
+    return TFTPalette::White;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeBodyBg()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::FrameMono)].onColor;
+#else
+    return TFTPalette::Black;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeBodyFg()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::FrameMono)].offColor;
+#else
+    return TFTPalette::White;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool isThemeFullFrameInvert()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()].fullFrameInvert;
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t getThemeBatteryFillColor(int batteryPercent)
+{
+    const TFTThemeDef &theme = kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()];
+    if (batteryPercent <= 20) {
+        return theme.batteryFillBad;
+    }
+    if (batteryPercent <= 50) {
+        return theme.batteryFillMedium;
+    }
+    return theme.batteryFillGood;
+}
+
+void loadThemeDefaults()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    const TFTThemeDef &theme = kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()];
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < static_cast<uint8_t>(TFTColorRole::Count); i++) {
+        roleColors[i].onColorBe = toBe565(theme.roles[i].onColor);
+        roleColors[i].offColorBe = toBe565(theme.roles[i].offColor);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+// Role color assignment with theme-aware transforms
+
+void setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole role, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    const uint8_t index = static_cast<uint8_t>(role);
+    if (index >= static_cast<uint8_t>(TFTColorRole::Count)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t themeId = uiconfig.screen_rgb_color & 0x1F;
+    const bool isHighlightRole = (role == TFTColorRole::FavoriteNode || role == TFTColorRole::FavoriteNodeBGHighlight);
+    const bool isBodyRole = !isHighlightRole && isBodyColorRole(role);
+
+    // Classic monochrome themes collapse all non-black accents into one tone.
+    if (isMonochromeTheme(themeId)) {
+        if (onColor != TFTPalette::Black) {
+            onColor = getMonochromeAccent(themeId);
+        }
+    } else {
+        switch (themeId) {
+        case ThemeID::DefaultLight:
+            if (isHighlightRole) {
+                // High-contrast highlight chips on light UI.
+                onColor = TFTPalette::Black;
+                offColor = TFTPalette::Yellow;
+            } else if (isBodyRole) {
+                // Invert body colors for readability on white frames.
+                if (offColor == TFTPalette::Black && role != TFTColorRole::ActionMenuTitle) {
+                    offColor = TFTPalette::White;
+                }
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black);
+            }
+            break;
+        case ThemeID::Christmas:
+            if (isHighlightRole || isBodyRole) {
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::Gold);
+                replaceColor(offColor, TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Pine);
+            }
+            break;
+        case ThemeID::Pink:
+            if (isHighlightRole) {
+                onColor = TFTPalette::Black;
+                offColor = TFTPalette::HotPink;
+            } else if (isBodyRole) {
+                replaceColor(offColor, TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::PalePink);
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black);
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::DeepPink);
+            }
+            break;
+        case ThemeID::Creamsicle:
+            if (isHighlightRole) {
+                onColor = TFTPalette::Black;
+                offColor = TFTPalette::CreamOrange;
+            } else if (isBodyRole) {
+                replaceColor(offColor, TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Cream);
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::White, TFTPalette::Black);
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::DeepOrange);
+            }
+            break;
+        case ThemeID::Blue:
+            if (isHighlightRole || isBodyRole) {
+                replaceColor(onColor, TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::SkyBlue);
+                replaceColor(offColor, TFTPalette::Black, TFTPalette::Navy);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    roleColors[index].onColorBe = toBe565(onColor);
+    roleColors[index].offColorBe = toBe565(offColor);
+}
+
+// Region registration
+
+void registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole role, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    const uint8_t roleIndex = static_cast<uint8_t>(role);
+    if (roleIndex >= static_cast<uint8_t>(TFTColorRole::Count)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!normalizeRegion(x, y, width, height)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const TFTRoleColorsBe &colors = roleColors[roleIndex];
+    appendColorRegion(x, y, width, height, colors.onColorBe, colors.offColorBe);
+}
+
+void setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole role, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width,
+                                int16_t height)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    (void)role;
+    (void)onColor;
+    (void)offColor;
+    (void)x;
+    (void)y;
+    (void)width;
+    (void)height;
+    return;
+#else
+    setTFTColorRole(role, onColor, offColor);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(role, x, y, width, height);
+#endif
+}
+
+void registerTFTColorRegionDirect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    if (!normalizeRegion(x, y, width, height))
+        return;
+
+    appendColorRegion(x, y, width, height, toBe565(onColor), toBe565(offColor));
+}
+
+void registerTFTActionMenuRegions(int16_t boxLeft, int16_t boxTop, int16_t boxWidth, int16_t boxHeight)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    (void)boxLeft;
+    (void)boxTop;
+    (void)boxWidth;
+    (void)boxHeight;
+    return;
+#else
+    // Use theme-appropriate menu colors.
+    const TFTThemeDef &theme = kThemes[resolveThemeIndex()];
+    const TFTThemeRoleColor &menuBody = theme.roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody)];
+    const TFTThemeRoleColor &menuBorder = theme.roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBorder)];
+
+    // Fill role includes a 1px shadow guard so stale frame edges are overwritten uniformly.
+    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, menuBody.onColor, menuBody.offColor, boxLeft - 1, boxTop - 1,
+                               boxWidth + 2, boxHeight + 2);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, boxLeft, boxTop - 2, boxWidth, 1);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, boxLeft, boxTop + boxHeight + 1, boxWidth, 1);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, boxLeft - 2, boxTop, 1, boxHeight);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, boxLeft + boxWidth + 1, boxTop, 1, boxHeight);
+
+    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBorder, menuBorder.onColor, menuBorder.offColor, boxLeft, boxTop, boxWidth,
+                               1);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBorder, boxLeft, boxTop + boxHeight - 1, boxWidth, 1);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBorder, boxLeft, boxTop, 1, boxHeight);
+    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBorder, boxLeft + boxWidth - 1, boxTop, 1, boxHeight);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Frame signature & utilities
+
+uint32_t getTFTColorFrameSignature()
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return 0;
+#else
+    uint32_t hash = kFnv1aOffsetBasis;
+    hash = fnv1aAppendByte(hash, colorRegionCount);
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < colorRegionCount; i++) {
+        const TFTColorRegion &r = colorRegions[i];
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, static_cast<uint16_t>(r.x));
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, static_cast<uint16_t>(r.y));
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, static_cast<uint16_t>(r.width));
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, static_cast<uint16_t>(r.height));
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, r.onColorBe);
+        hash = fnv1aAppendU16(hash, r.offColorBe);
+    }
+
+    return hash;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint8_t getTFTColorRegionCount()
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return 0;
+#else
+    return colorRegionCount;
+#endif
+}
+
+void clearTFTColorRegions()
+{
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < colorRegionCount; i++) {
+        colorRegions[i].enabled = false;
+    }
+    if (colorRegionCount < MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS) {
+        colorRegions[colorRegionCount].enabled = false;
+    }
+    colorRegionCount = 0;
+}
+
+uint16_t resolveTFTColorPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, bool isset, uint16_t defaultOnColor, uint16_t defaultOffColor)
+{
+    for (int i = static_cast<int>(colorRegionCount) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const TFTColorRegion &r = colorRegions[i];
+        if (x >= r.x && x < r.x + r.width && y >= r.y && y < r.y + r.height) {
+            return isset ? r.onColorBe : r.offColorBe;
+        }
+    }
+    return isset ? defaultOnColor : defaultOffColor;
+}
+
+uint16_t resolveTFTOffColorAt(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t defaultOffColor)
+{
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    (void)x;
+    (void)y;
+    return defaultOffColor;
+#else
+    const uint16_t defaultOffBe = toBe565(defaultOffColor);
+    const uint16_t sampledBe = resolveTFTColorPixel(x, y, false, defaultOffBe, defaultOffBe);
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>((sampledBe >> 8) | (sampledBe << 8));
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace graphics

src/graphics/TFTColorRegions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace graphics
+{
+
+struct TFTColorRegion {
+    int16_t x;
+    int16_t y;
+    int16_t width;
+    int16_t height;
+    uint16_t onColorBe;
+    uint16_t offColorBe;
+    // Required by ST7789 driver: it scans until the first disabled entry.
+    bool enabled = false;
+};
+
+static constexpr size_t MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS = 48;
+extern TFTColorRegion colorRegions[MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS];
+
+enum class TFTColorRole : uint8_t {
+    HeaderBackground = 0,
+    HeaderTitle,
+    HeaderStatus,
+    SignalBars,
+    ConnectionIcon,
+    UtilizationFill,
+    FavoriteNode,
+    ActionMenuBorder,
+    ActionMenuBody,
+    ActionMenuTitle,
+    FrameMono,
+    BootSplash,
+    FavoriteNodeBGHighlight,
+    NavigationBar,
+    NavigationArrow,
+    Count
+};
+
+#if HAS_TFT || defined(ST7701_CS) || defined(ST7735_CS) || defined(ILI9341_DRIVER) || defined(ILI9342_DRIVER) ||                 \
+    defined(ST7789_CS) || defined(HX8357_CS) || defined(USE_ST7789) || defined(ILI9488_CS) || defined(ST7796_CS) ||              \
+    defined(USE_ST7796) || defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
+#define GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED 1
+#else
+#define GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+static constexpr bool kTFTColoringEnabled = GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED != 0;
+constexpr bool isTFTColoringEnabled()
+{
+    return kTFTColoringEnabled;
+}
+
+void setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole role, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor);
+void registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole role, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height);
+// Convenience helper for the common "set role then register one region" flow.
+void setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole role, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width,
+                                int16_t height);
+// Register a region using explicit colors (no role lookup). Use when the
+// color comes from a theme field rather than a role (e.g. battery fill).
+void registerTFTColorRegionDirect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height, uint16_t onColor, uint16_t offColor);
+void registerTFTActionMenuRegions(int16_t boxLeft, int16_t boxTop, int16_t boxWidth, int16_t boxHeight);
+uint32_t getTFTColorFrameSignature();
+uint8_t getTFTColorRegionCount();
+void clearTFTColorRegions();
+uint16_t resolveTFTColorPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, bool isset, uint16_t defaultOnColor, uint16_t defaultOffColor);
+// Resolve effective region-mapped OFF color at a coordinate in native-endian RGB565.
+uint16_t resolveTFTOffColorAt(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t defaultOffColor);
+
+// -- Theme engine ------------------------------------------------------
+// Each theme has four fields that work together:
+//
+//   id               - ThemeID:: constant, used for in-code references.
+//   name             - human-readable label shown in the theme picker.
+//   uniqueIdentifier - the stable numeric value persisted to
+//                      uiconfig.screen_rgb_color and restored at boot.
+//                      This is a CONTRACT with saved configs on disk - once
+//                      assigned, never reuse or renumber, even if the theme is
+//                      deleted or the kThemes[] array is reordered.
+//   visible          - controls whether a theme appears in the picker menu.
+//                      Hidden themes can still be restored and applied if their
+//                      uniqueIdentifier is persisted.
+//
+// Display order in the menu is controlled by kThemes[] array order among
+// themes where visible == true, NOT by any numeric value above.
+//
+// To add a new theme:
+//   1. Add a unique constant in ThemeID below (next unused value).
+//   2. Add a kThemes[] entry at the desired menu position, with a unique
+//      uniqueIdentifier that has never been used by any prior theme.
+//   3. Set visible=true if it should appear in the picker.
+//
+// To retire a theme without breaking saved configs:
+//   - Preferred: keep the entry and set visible=false so existing saved
+//     uniqueIdentifier values still resolve to the same theme.
+//   - If you remove the entry, resolveThemeIndex() falls back to DefaultDark
+//     when the persisted uniqueIdentifier no longer matches any theme.
+//   - Do NOT reuse a retired uniqueIdentifier for a future theme.
+namespace ThemeID
+{
+constexpr uint32_t DefaultDark = 0;
+constexpr uint32_t DefaultLight = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t Christmas = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t Pink = 3;
+constexpr uint32_t Blue = 4;
+constexpr uint32_t Creamsicle = 5;
+constexpr uint32_t MeshtasticGreen = 6;
+constexpr uint32_t ClassicRed = 7;
+constexpr uint32_t MonochromeWhite = 8;
+} // namespace ThemeID
+
+// Per-role color pair stored in native (little-endian) RGB565 format.
+struct TFTThemeRoleColor {
+    uint16_t onColor;
+    uint16_t offColor;
+};
+
+// Complete theme definition.
+struct TFTThemeDef {
+    uint32_t id;               // ThemeID constant - in-code identifier for this theme.
+    const char *name;          // Human-readable label shown in the theme picker.
+    uint32_t uniqueIdentifier; // Stable persisted value copied into uiconfig.screen_rgb_color.
+                               // Never reuse or renumber - see file-level notes above.
+    TFTThemeRoleColor roles[static_cast<size_t>(TFTColorRole::Count)];
+    uint16_t batteryFillGood;
+    uint16_t batteryFillMedium;
+    uint16_t batteryFillBad;
+    bool fullFrameInvert; // Apply full-frame FrameMono inversion (ST7789 light themes)
+    bool visible;         // Show in the theme picker menu.  Hidden themes still apply
+                          // correctly if their uniqueIdentifier is persisted (dev/legacy themes).
+};
+
+// Count of themes whose .visible flag is true.  Use this when building menus.
+size_t getVisibleThemeCount();
+
+// Access the Nth visible theme (0 .. getVisibleThemeCount()-1).  Hidden themes
+// are skipped, preserving kThemes[] order among the visible entries.
+const TFTThemeDef &getVisibleThemeByIndex(size_t visibleIndex);
+
+// Return the theme that matches uiconfig.screen_rgb_color (falls back to Dark).
+const TFTThemeDef &getActiveTheme();
+
+// Return the visible-theme index for the currently active theme, or SIZE_MAX
+// if the active theme is hidden (so menus can show "no selection").
+size_t getActiveVisibleThemeIndex();
+
+// Convenience accessors - safe to call even when coloring is compiled out.
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderBg();
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderText();
+uint16_t getThemeHeaderStatus();
+uint16_t getThemeBodyBg();
+uint16_t getThemeBodyFg();
+bool isThemeFullFrameInvert();
+uint16_t getThemeBatteryFillColor(int batteryPercent);
+
+// Reinitialise default roleColors from the active theme.  Call after a
+// theme change so that any role registered without a prior setTFTColorRole()
+// picks up theme-appropriate defaults.
+void loadThemeDefaults();
+
+} // namespace graphics

src/graphics/TFTDisplay.cpp

@@ -16,12 +16,6 @@
 extern SX1509 gpioExtender;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE
-uint16_t TFT_MESH = TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE;
-#else
-uint16_t TFT_MESH = COLOR565(0x67, 0xEA, 0x94);
-#endif
-
 #if defined(ST7735S)
 #include <LovyanGFX.hpp> // Graphics and font library for ST7735 driver chip
 
@@ -428,7 +422,7 @@ static LGFX *tft = nullptr;
 
 #elif defined(ST7789_CS)
 #include <LovyanGFX.hpp> // Graphics and font library for ST7735 driver chip
-#ifdef HELTEC_V4_TFT
+#if defined(HELTEC_V4_TFT) || defined(HELTEC_V4_R8_TFT)
 #include "chsc6x.h"
 #include "lgfx/v1/Touch.hpp"
 namespace lgfx
@@ -450,7 +444,11 @@ class TOUCH_CHSC6X : public ITouch
     bool init(void) override
     {
         if (chsc6xTouch == nullptr) {
+#if (TOUCH_I2C_PORT == 1)
             chsc6xTouch = new chsc6x(&Wire1, TOUCH_SDA_PIN, TOUCH_SCL_PIN, TOUCH_INT_PIN, TOUCH_RST_PIN);
+#else
+            chsc6xTouch = new chsc6x(&Wire, TOUCH_SDA_PIN, TOUCH_SCL_PIN, TOUCH_INT_PIN, TOUCH_RST_PIN);
+#endif
         }
         chsc6xTouch->chsc6x_init();
         return true;
@@ -487,7 +485,7 @@ class LGFX : public lgfx::LGFX_Device
 #if HAS_TOUCHSCREEN
 #if defined(T_WATCH_S3) || defined(ELECROW)
     lgfx::Touch_FT5x06 _touch_instance;
-#elif defined(HELTEC_V4_TFT)
+#elif defined(HELTEC_V4_TFT) || defined(HELTEC_V4_R8_TFT)
     lgfx::TOUCH_CHSC6X _touch_instance;
 #else
     lgfx::Touch_GT911 _touch_instance;
@@ -506,7 +504,11 @@ class LGFX : public lgfx::LGFX_Device
             cfg.freq_write = SPI_FREQUENCY; // SPI clock for transmission (up to 80MHz, rounded to the value obtained by dividing
                                             // 80MHz by an integer)
             cfg.freq_read = SPI_READ_FREQUENCY; // SPI clock when receiving
-            cfg.spi_3wire = false;
+#ifdef SPI_3_WIRE
+            cfg.spi_3wire = SPI_3_WIRE;
+#else
+            cfg.spi_3wire = true;                      // Set to true if reception is done on the MOSI pin
+#endif
             cfg.use_lock = true;               // Set to true to use transaction locking
             cfg.dma_channel = SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO; // SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO; // Set DMA channel to use (0=not use DMA / 1=1ch / 2=ch /
                                                // SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO=auto setting)
@@ -556,8 +558,11 @@ class LGFX : public lgfx::LGFX_Device
             cfg.rgb_order = false;                        // Set to true if the panel's red and blue are swapped
             cfg.dlen_16bit =
                 false;             // Set to true for panels that transmit data length in 16-bit units with 16-bit parallel or SPI
+#if defined(HAS_SDCARD)
             cfg.bus_shared = true; // If the bus is shared with the SD card, set to true (bus control with drawJpgFile etc.)
-
+#else
+            cfg.bus_shared = false;
+#endif
             // Set the following only when the display is shifted with a driver with a variable number of pixels, such as the
             // ST7735 or ILI9163.
             // cfg.memory_width = TFT_WIDTH;   // Maximum width supported by the driver IC
@@ -1140,7 +1145,9 @@ static LGFX *tft = nullptr;
 #endif
 
 #include "SPILock.h"
+#include "TFTColorRegions.h"
 #include "TFTDisplay.h"
+#include "TFTPalette.h"
 #include <SPI.h>
 
 #ifdef UNPHONE
@@ -1150,6 +1157,25 @@ extern unPhone unphone;
 
 GpioPin *TFTDisplay::backlightEnable = NULL;
 
+namespace
+{
+static constexpr uint8_t kFullRepaintChunkRows = 8;
+
+static inline uint16_t getThemeDefaultOnColor()
+{
+    return graphics::TFTPalette::White;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t getThemeDefaultOffColor()
+{
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    return graphics::getThemeBodyBg();
+#else
+    return TFT_BLACK;
+#endif
+}
+} // namespace
+
 TFTDisplay::TFTDisplay(uint8_t address, int sda, int scl, OLEDDISPLAY_GEOMETRY geometry, HW_I2C i2cBus)
 {
     LOG_DEBUG("TFTDisplay!");
@@ -1189,14 +1215,15 @@ TFTDisplay::~TFTDisplay()
         free(linePixelBuffer);
         linePixelBuffer = nullptr;
     }
+    if (repaintChunkBuffer != nullptr) {
+        free(repaintChunkBuffer);
+        repaintChunkBuffer = nullptr;
+    }
 }
 
 // Write the buffer to the display memory
 void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
 {
-    if (fromBlank)
-        tft->fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
-
     concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
 
     uint32_t x, y;
@@ -1205,12 +1232,70 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
     uint32_t x_FirstPixelUpdate;
     uint32_t x_LastPixelUpdate;
     bool isset, dblbuf_isset;
-    uint16_t colorTftMesh, colorTftBlack;
+    uint16_t colorTftWhite, colorTftBlack;
     bool somethingChanged = false;
 
-    // Store colors byte-reversed so that TFT_eSPI doesn't have to swap bytes in a separate step
-    colorTftMesh = __builtin_bswap16(TFT_MESH);
-    colorTftBlack = __builtin_bswap16(TFT_BLACK);
+    // Theme defaults for non-role pixels.
+    const uint16_t defaultOnColor = getThemeDefaultOnColor();
+    const uint16_t defaultOffColor = getThemeDefaultOffColor();
+    static uint16_t lastDefaultOnColor = 0;
+    static uint16_t lastDefaultOffColor = 0;
+    static bool haveLastDefaults = false;
+    const bool themeDefaultsChanged =
+        !haveLastDefaults || (defaultOnColor != lastDefaultOnColor) || (defaultOffColor != lastDefaultOffColor);
+    const bool forceFullRepaint = fromBlank || themeDefaultsChanged;
+
+    // If theme defaults changed, reset panel background immediately so stale pixels don't linger.
+    if (forceFullRepaint) {
+        tft->fillScreen(defaultOffColor);
+    }
+
+    colorTftWhite = (defaultOnColor >> 8) | ((defaultOnColor & 0xFF) << 8);
+    colorTftBlack = (defaultOffColor >> 8) | ((defaultOffColor & 0xFF) << 8);
+
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    static uint32_t lastColorFrameSignature = 0;
+    const bool hasColorRegions = graphics::getTFTColorRegionCount() > 0;
+    const uint32_t colorFrameSignature = graphics::getTFTColorFrameSignature();
+    const bool forceFullColorRepaint = forceFullRepaint || (colorFrameSignature != lastColorFrameSignature);
+
+    // When region roles/layout changed, color can differ even with identical monochrome glyph bits.
+    // Repaint full frame only for those frames, then return to diff-based updates.
+    if (forceFullColorRepaint) {
+        for (uint32_t yStart = 0; yStart < displayHeight; yStart += kFullRepaintChunkRows) {
+            const uint32_t rowsThisChunk = min<uint32_t>(kFullRepaintChunkRows, displayHeight - yStart);
+            for (uint32_t row = 0; row < rowsThisChunk; row++) {
+                y = yStart + row;
+                y_byteIndex = (y / 8) * displayWidth;
+                y_byteMask = (1 << (y & 7));
+
+                uint16_t *chunkRow = repaintChunkBuffer + (row * displayWidth);
+                for (x = 0; x < displayWidth; x++) {
+                    isset = (buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask) != 0;
+                    if (hasColorRegions) {
+                        chunkRow[x] = graphics::resolveTFTColorPixel(static_cast<int16_t>(x), static_cast<int16_t>(y), isset,
+                                                                     colorTftWhite, colorTftBlack);
+                    } else {
+                        chunkRow[x] = isset ? colorTftWhite : colorTftBlack;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#if defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
+            tft->draw16bitBeRGBBitmap(0, yStart, repaintChunkBuffer, displayWidth, rowsThisChunk);
+#else
+            tft->pushImage(0, yStart, displayWidth, rowsThisChunk, repaintChunkBuffer);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        memcpy(buffer_back, buffer, displayBufferSize);
+        lastColorFrameSignature = colorFrameSignature;
+        haveLastDefaults = true;
+        lastDefaultOnColor = defaultOnColor;
+        lastDefaultOffColor = defaultOffColor;
+        graphics::clearTFTColorRegions();
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
 
     y = 0;
     while (y < displayHeight) {
@@ -1219,7 +1304,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
 
         // Step 1: Do a quick scan of 8 rows together. This allows fast-forwarding over unchanged screen areas.
         if (y_byteMask == 1) {
-            if (!fromBlank) {
+            if (!forceFullRepaint) {
                 for (x = 0; x < displayWidth; x++) {
                     if (buffer[x + y_byteIndex] != buffer_back[x + y_byteIndex])
                         break;
@@ -1237,13 +1322,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
             }
         }
 
-        // Step 2: Scan each of the 8 rows individually. Find the first pixel in each row that needs updating
-        for (x_FirstPixelUpdate = 0; x_FirstPixelUpdate < displayWidth; x_FirstPixelUpdate++) {
-            isset = buffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
+        // Step 2: Scan this row for changed span (first and last changed pixel).
+        uint32_t x_FirstChanged = 0;
+        for (x_FirstChanged = 0; x_FirstChanged < displayWidth; x_FirstChanged++) {
+            isset = buffer[x_FirstChanged + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
 
-            if (!fromBlank) {
+            if (!forceFullRepaint) {
                 // get src pixel in the page based ordering the OLED lib uses
-                dblbuf_isset = buffer_back[x_FirstPixelUpdate + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
+                dblbuf_isset = buffer_back[x_FirstChanged + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
                 if (isset != dblbuf_isset) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -1253,43 +1339,51 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
         }
 
         // Did we find a pixel that needs updating on this row?
-        if (x_FirstPixelUpdate < displayWidth) {
-            // Align the first pixel for update to an even number so the total alignment of
-            // the data will be at 32-bit boundary, which is required by GDMA SPI transfers.
-            x_FirstPixelUpdate &= ~1;
-
-            // Step 3a: copy rest of the pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
-            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating.
-            // Since the first changed pixel will be looked up, the x_LastPixelUpdate will be set.
-            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate; x < displayWidth; x++) {
-                isset = buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
-                linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;
-
-                if (!fromBlank) {
-                    dblbuf_isset = buffer_back[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
+        if (x_FirstChanged < displayWidth) {
+            uint32_t x_LastChanged = displayWidth - 1;
+            while (x_LastChanged > x_FirstChanged) {
+                isset = buffer[x_LastChanged + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
+                if (!forceFullRepaint) {
+                    dblbuf_isset = buffer_back[x_LastChanged + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
                     if (isset != dblbuf_isset) {
-                        x_LastPixelUpdate = x;
+                        break;
                     }
                 } else if (isset) {
-                    x_LastPixelUpdate = x;
+                    break;
                 }
+                x_LastChanged--;
             }
-            // Step 3b: Round up the last pixel to odd number to maintain 32-bit alignment for SPIs.
-            // Most displays will have even number of pixels in a row -- this will be in bounds
-            // of the displayWidth. (Hopefully odd displays will just ignore that extra pixel.)
-            x_LastPixelUpdate |= 1;
-            // Ensure the last pixel index does not exceed the display width.
+
+            // Align the first pixel for update to an even number so the total alignment of
+            // the data will be at 32-bit boundary, which is required by GDMA SPI transfers.
+            x_FirstPixelUpdate = x_FirstChanged & ~1U;
+            x_LastPixelUpdate = x_LastChanged | 1U;
             if (x_LastPixelUpdate >= displayWidth) {
                 x_LastPixelUpdate = displayWidth - 1;
             }
+
+            // Step 3: Copy only the changed span into the pixel line buffer.
+            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate; x <= x_LastPixelUpdate; x++) {
+                isset = buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (hasColorRegions) {
+                    linePixelBuffer[x] = graphics::resolveTFTColorPixel(static_cast<int16_t>(x), static_cast<int16_t>(y), isset,
+                                                                        colorTftWhite, colorTftBlack);
+                } else {
+                    linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftWhite : colorTftBlack;
+                }
+#else
+                linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftWhite : colorTftBlack;
+#endif
+            }
 #if defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
             tft->draw16bitBeRGBBitmap(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate],
                                       (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1);
 #else
             // Step 4: Send the changed pixels on this line to the screen as a single block transfer.
             // This function accepts pixel data MSB first so it can dump the memory straight out the SPI port.
-            tft->pushRect(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1,
-                          &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate]);
+            tft->pushImage(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1,
+                           &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate]);
 #endif
             somethingChanged = true;
         }
@@ -1298,6 +1392,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
     // Copy the Buffer to the Back Buffer
     if (somethingChanged)
         memcpy(buffer_back, buffer, displayBufferSize);
+
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    lastColorFrameSignature = colorFrameSignature;
+#endif
+    haveLastDefaults = true;
+    lastDefaultOnColor = defaultOnColor;
+    lastDefaultOffColor = defaultOffColor;
+    graphics::clearTFTColorRegions();
 }
 
 void TFTDisplay::sdlLoop()
@@ -1511,7 +1613,7 @@ bool TFTDisplay::connect()
 #else
     tft->setRotation(3); // Orient horizontal and wide underneath the silkscreen name label
 #endif
-    tft->fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
+    tft->fillScreen(getThemeDefaultOffColor());
 
     if (this->linePixelBuffer == NULL) {
         this->linePixelBuffer = (uint16_t *)malloc(sizeof(uint16_t) * displayWidth);
@@ -1521,6 +1623,14 @@ bool TFTDisplay::connect()
             return false;
         }
     }
+    if (this->repaintChunkBuffer == NULL) {
+        this->repaintChunkBuffer = (uint16_t *)malloc(sizeof(uint16_t) * displayWidth * kFullRepaintChunkRows);
+
+        if (!this->repaintChunkBuffer) {
+            LOG_ERROR("Not enough memory to create TFT repaint chunk buffer\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
     return true;
 }
 

src/graphics/TFTDisplay.h

@@ -63,4 +63,5 @@ class TFTDisplay : public OLEDDisplay
     virtual bool connect() override;
 
     uint16_t *linePixelBuffer = nullptr;
-};
+    uint16_t *repaintChunkBuffer = nullptr;
+};

src/graphics/TFTPalette.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace graphics
+{
+namespace TFTPalette
+{
+
+constexpr uint16_t rgb565(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue)
+{
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3));
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t Black = 0x0000;
+constexpr uint16_t White = 0xFFFF;
+constexpr uint16_t DarkGray = 0x4208;
+constexpr uint16_t Gray = 0x8410;
+constexpr uint16_t LightGray = 0xC618;
+
+constexpr uint16_t Red = rgb565(255, 0, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Green = rgb565(0, 255, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Blue = rgb565(0, 130, 252);
+constexpr uint16_t Yellow = rgb565(255, 255, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Orange = rgb565(255, 165, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Cyan = rgb565(0, 255, 255);
+constexpr uint16_t Magenta = rgb565(255, 0, 255);
+
+constexpr uint16_t Good = Green;
+constexpr uint16_t Medium = Yellow;
+constexpr uint16_t Bad = Red;
+
+// Christmas / seasonal accent colors
+constexpr uint16_t ChristmasRed = rgb565(178, 34, 34);
+constexpr uint16_t ChristmasGreen = rgb565(0, 128, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Gold = rgb565(255, 215, 0);
+constexpr uint16_t Pine = rgb565(15, 35, 10);
+
+// Pink theme colors (light variant)
+constexpr uint16_t HotPink = rgb565(255, 105, 180);
+constexpr uint16_t PalePink = rgb565(255, 228, 235);
+constexpr uint16_t DeepPink = rgb565(200, 50, 120);
+
+// Blue theme colors (dark variant)
+constexpr uint16_t SkyBlue = rgb565(100, 180, 255);
+constexpr uint16_t Navy = rgb565(15, 15, 50);
+constexpr uint16_t DeepBlue = rgb565(30, 60, 120);
+
+// Creamsicle theme colors (light variant)
+constexpr uint16_t CreamOrange = rgb565(255, 140, 50);
+constexpr uint16_t DeepOrange = rgb565(220, 100, 20);
+constexpr uint16_t Cream = rgb565(255, 248, 235);
+
+// Classic monochrome theme accent colors (single-color-on-black themes)
+constexpr uint16_t MeshtasticGreen = rgb565(0x67, 0xEA, 0x94);
+constexpr uint16_t ClassicRed = rgb565(255, 64, 64);
+// Monochrome White reuses TFTPalette::White above.
+
+// Fast contrast picker for monochrome glyph overlays on arbitrary RGB565 backgrounds.
+// Uses channel-sum brightness approximation to keep code size small.
+constexpr uint16_t pickReadableMonoFg(uint16_t backgroundColor)
+{
+    const uint16_t r = (backgroundColor >> 11) & 0x1F;
+    const uint16_t g = (backgroundColor >> 5) & 0x3F;
+    const uint16_t b = backgroundColor & 0x1F;
+    return ((r + g + b) >= 70) ? DarkGray : White;
+}
+
+} // namespace TFTPalette
+} // namespace graphics

src/graphics/draw/ClockRenderer.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void drawDigitalClockFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int1
     // === Set Title, Blank for Clock
     const char *titleStr = "";
     // === Header ===
-    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr, true, true);
+    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr, true, true, true);
 
     uint32_t rtc_sec = getValidTime(RTCQuality::RTCQualityDevice, true); // Display local timezone
     char timeString[16];
@@ -293,11 +293,15 @@ void drawDigitalClockFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int1
 // Draw an analog clock
 void drawAnalogClockFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    // Clear previous frame pixels so moving hands don't leave stale artifacts on TFT light theme.
+    display->clear();
+#endif
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
     // === Set Title, Blank for Clock
     const char *titleStr = "";
     // === Header ===
-    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr, true, true);
+    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr, true, true, true);
 
     // clock face center coordinates
     int16_t centerX = display->getWidth() / 2;
@@ -478,4 +482,4 @@ void drawAnalogClockFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
 } // namespace ClockRenderer
 
 } // namespace graphics
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.cpp

@@ -9,113 +9,61 @@ namespace graphics
 {
 namespace CompassRenderer
 {
-
-// Point helper class for compass calculations
-struct Point {
-    float x, y;
-    Point(float x, float y) : x(x), y(y) {}
-
-    void rotate(float angle)
-    {
-        float cos_a = cosf(angle);
-        float sin_a = sinf(angle);
-        float new_x = x * cos_a - y * sin_a;
-        float new_y = x * sin_a + y * cos_a;
-        x = new_x;
-        y = new_y;
-    }
-
-    void scale(float factor)
-    {
-        x *= factor;
-        y *= factor;
-    }
-
-    void translate(float dx, float dy)
-    {
-        x += dx;
-        y += dy;
-    }
-};
-
 void drawCompassNorth(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, float myHeading, int16_t radius)
 {
-    // Show the compass heading (not implemented in original)
-    // This could draw a "N" indicator or north arrow
-    // For now, we'll draw a simple north indicator
-    // const float radius = 17.0f;
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
         radius += 4;
     }
-    float northX = 0.0f;
-    float northY = -radius;
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING) {
-        const float c = cosf(-myHeading);
-        const float s = sinf(-myHeading);
-        const float rx = northX * c - northY * s;
-        const float ry = northX * s + northY * c;
-        northX = rx;
-        northY = ry;
-    }
-    northX += compassX;
-    northY += compassY;
+
+    const float northAngle = (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING) ? -myHeading : 0.0f;
+    const int16_t nX = compassX + static_cast<int16_t>((radius - 1) * sinf(northAngle));
+    const int16_t nY = compassY - static_cast<int16_t>((radius - 1) * cosf(northAngle));
 
     display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+#if !GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
     display->setColor(BLACK);
     const int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N");
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
-        display->fillRect(northX - 8, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(nX - 8, nY - 1, nLabelWidth + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
     } else {
-        display->fillRect(northX - 4, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(nX - 4, nY - 1, nLabelWidth + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
     }
-    display->setColor(WHITE);
-    display->drawString(northX, northY - 3, "N");
-}
-
-void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, uint16_t compassDiam, float headingRadian)
-{
-    Point tip(0.0f, -0.5f), tail(0.0f, 0.35f); // pointing up initially
-    float arrowOffsetX = 0.14f, arrowOffsetY = 0.9f;
-    Point leftArrow(tip.x - arrowOffsetX, tip.y + arrowOffsetY), rightArrow(tip.x + arrowOffsetX, tip.y + arrowOffsetY);
-
-    Point *arrowPoints[] = {&tip, &tail, &leftArrow, &rightArrow};
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        arrowPoints[i]->rotate(headingRadian);
-        arrowPoints[i]->scale(compassDiam * 0.6);
-        arrowPoints[i]->translate(compassX, compassY);
-    }
-
-#ifdef USE_EINK
-    display->drawTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, rightArrow.x, rightArrow.y, tail.x, tail.y);
-#else
-    display->fillTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, rightArrow.x, rightArrow.y, tail.x, tail.y);
 #endif
-    display->drawTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, leftArrow.x, leftArrow.y, tail.x, tail.y);
+    display->setColor(WHITE);
+    display->drawString(nX, nY - 3, "N");
 }
 
 void drawArrowToNode(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t size, float bearing)
 {
-    float radians = bearing * DEG_TO_RAD;
+    const float radians = bearing * DEG_TO_RAD;
+    const float sinA = sinf(radians);
+    const float cosA = cosf(radians);
+    const float tipHalf = size * 0.5f;
+    const float lx = -(size / 6.0f);
+    const float ly = size / 4.0f;
+    const float rx = (size / 6.0f);
+    const float ry = size / 4.0f;
+    const float tx = 0.0f;
+    const float ty = size / 4.5f;
 
-    Point tip(0, -size / 2);
-    Point left(-size / 6, size / 4);
-    Point right(size / 6, size / 4);
-    Point tail(0, size / 4.5);
+    const int16_t tipX = static_cast<int16_t>(x + (tipHalf * sinA));
+    const int16_t tipY = static_cast<int16_t>(y - (tipHalf * cosA));
+    const int16_t leftX = static_cast<int16_t>(x + (lx * cosA) - (ly * sinA));
+    const int16_t leftY = static_cast<int16_t>(y + (lx * sinA) + (ly * cosA));
+    const int16_t rightX = static_cast<int16_t>(x + (rx * cosA) - (ry * sinA));
+    const int16_t rightY = static_cast<int16_t>(y + (rx * sinA) + (ry * cosA));
+    const int16_t tailX = static_cast<int16_t>(x + (tx * cosA) - (ty * sinA));
+    const int16_t tailY = static_cast<int16_t>(y + (tx * sinA) + (ty * cosA));
 
-    tip.rotate(radians);
-    left.rotate(radians);
-    right.rotate(radians);
-    tail.rotate(radians);
+    display->fillTriangle(tipX, tipY, leftX, leftY, tailX, tailY);
+    display->fillTriangle(tipX, tipY, rightX, rightY, tailX, tailY);
+}
 
-    tip.translate(x, y);
-    left.translate(x, y);
-    right.translate(x, y);
-    tail.translate(x, y);
-
-    display->fillTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, left.x, left.y, tail.x, tail.y);
-    display->fillTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, right.x, right.y, tail.x, tail.y);
+void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, uint16_t compassDiam, float headingRadian)
+{
+    const int16_t size = static_cast<int16_t>(compassDiam * 0.6f);
+    drawArrowToNode(display, compassX, compassY, size, headingRadian * RAD_TO_DEG);
 }
 
 bool getHeadingRadians(double lat, double lon, float &headingRadian)

src/graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
 #include <OLEDDisplayUi.h>
 

src/graphics/draw/DebugRenderer.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "gps/RTC.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/TimeFormatters.h"
 #include "graphics/images.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -469,9 +471,11 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
     int chUtil_y = getTextPositions(display)[line] + 3;
 
     int chutil_bar_width = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 100 : 50;
+    int chutil_bar_max_fill = chutil_bar_width - 2; // Account for border
     int chutil_bar_height = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 12 : 7;
     int extraoffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 6 : 3;
     int chutil_percent = airTime->channelUtilizationPercent();
+    const int raw_chutil_percent = chutil_percent;
 
     int centerofscreen = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
     int total_line_content_width = (chUtil_x + chutil_bar_width + display->getStringWidth(chUtilPercentage) + extraoffset) / 2;
@@ -479,7 +483,7 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
 
     display->drawString(starting_position, getTextPositions(display)[line], chUtil);
 
-    // Force 56% or higher to show a full 100% bar, text would still show related percent.
+    // Force 61% or higher to show a full 100% bar, text would still show related percent.
     if (chutil_percent >= 61) {
         chutil_percent = 100;
     }
@@ -492,9 +496,9 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
     float weight3 = 0.20; // Weight for 40–100%
     float totalWeight = weight1 + weight2 + weight3;
 
-    int seg1 = chutil_bar_width * (weight1 / totalWeight);
-    int seg2 = chutil_bar_width * (weight2 / totalWeight);
-    int seg3 = chutil_bar_width * (weight3 / totalWeight);
+    int seg1 = chutil_bar_max_fill * (weight1 / totalWeight);
+    int seg2 = chutil_bar_max_fill * (weight2 / totalWeight);
+    int seg3 = chutil_bar_max_fill - seg1 - seg2; // Remainder absorbs rounding errors
 
     int fillRight = 0;
 
@@ -511,7 +515,17 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
 
     // Fill progress
     if (fillRight > 0) {
-        display->fillRect(starting_position + chUtil_x, chUtil_y, fillRight, chutil_bar_height);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        uint16_t UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Good;
+        if (raw_chutil_percent >= 60) {
+            UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Bad;
+        } else if (raw_chutil_percent >= 35) {
+            UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Medium;
+        }
+        setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::UtilizationFill, UtilizationFillColor, TFTPalette::Black,
+                                   starting_position + chUtil_x + 1, chUtil_y + 1, fillRight, chutil_bar_height - 2);
+#endif
+        display->fillRect(starting_position + chUtil_x + 1, chUtil_y + 1, fillRight, chutil_bar_height - 2);
     }
 
     display->drawString(starting_position + chUtil_x + chutil_bar_width + extraoffset, getTextPositions(display)[line++],
@@ -584,6 +598,17 @@ void drawSystemScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x
         display->setColor(WHITE);
         display->drawRect(barX, barY, adjustedBarWidth, barHeight);
 
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        uint16_t UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Good;
+        if (percent >= 80) {
+            UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Bad;
+        } else if (percent >= 60) {
+            UtilizationFillColor = TFTPalette::Medium;
+        }
+        setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::UtilizationFill, UtilizationFillColor, TFTPalette::Black, barX + 1, barY + 1,
+                                   fillWidth - 1, barHeight - 2);
+#endif
+
         display->fillRect(barX, barY, fillWidth, barHeight);
         display->setColor(WHITE);
 #endif

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "buzz.h"
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
 #include "graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.h"
 #include "graphics/draw/UIRenderer.h"
 #include "input/RotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1.h"
@@ -30,8 +31,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>
 
-extern uint16_t TFT_MESH;
-
 namespace graphics
 {
 
@@ -2028,109 +2027,6 @@ void menuHandler::switchToMUIMenu()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
-void menuHandler::TFTColorPickerMenu(OLEDDisplay *display)
-{
-    static const ScreenColorOption colorOptions[] = {
-        {"Back", OptionsAction::Back},
-        {"Default", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(0, 0, 0, true)},
-        {"Meshtastic Green", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(0x67, 0xEA, 0x94)},
-        {"Yellow", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(255, 255, 128)},
-        {"Red", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(255, 64, 64)},
-        {"Orange", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(255, 160, 20)},
-        {"Purple", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(204, 153, 255)},
-        {"Blue", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(0, 0, 255)},
-        {"Teal", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(16, 102, 102)},
-        {"Cyan", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(0, 255, 255)},
-        {"Ice", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(173, 216, 230)},
-        {"Pink", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(255, 105, 180)},
-        {"White", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(255, 255, 255)},
-        {"Gray", OptionsAction::Select, ScreenColor(128, 128, 128)},
-    };
-
-    constexpr size_t colorCount = sizeof(colorOptions) / sizeof(colorOptions[0]);
-    static std::array<const char *, colorCount> colorLabels{};
-
-    auto bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions(
-        "Select Screen Color", colorOptions, colorLabels, [display](const ScreenColorOption &option, int) -> void {
-            if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
-                menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
-                screen->runNow();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (!option.hasValue) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-#if defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T114) || defined(HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_T190) || defined(T_DECK) || defined(T_LORA_PAGER) ||          \
-    HAS_TFT || defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
-            const ScreenColor &color = option.value;
-            if (color.useVariant) {
-                LOG_INFO("Setting color to system default or defined variant");
-            } else {
-                LOG_INFO("Setting color to %s", option.label);
-            }
-
-            uint8_t r = color.r;
-            uint8_t g = color.g;
-            uint8_t b = color.b;
-
-            display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-
-            if (color.useVariant || (r == 0 && g == 0 && b == 0)) {
-#ifdef TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE
-                TFT_MESH = TFT_MESH_OVERRIDE;
-#else
-                TFT_MESH = COLOR565(255, 255, 128);
-#endif
-            } else {
-                TFT_MESH = COLOR565(r, g, b);
-            }
-
-#if defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T114) || defined(HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_T190)
-            static_cast<ST7789Spi *>(screen->getDisplayDevice())->setRGB(TFT_MESH);
-#endif
-
-            screen->setFrames(graphics::Screen::FOCUS_SYSTEM);
-            if (color.useVariant || (r == 0 && g == 0 && b == 0)) {
-                uiconfig.screen_rgb_color = 0;
-            } else {
-                uiconfig.screen_rgb_color =
-                    (static_cast<uint32_t>(r) << 16) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(g) << 8) | static_cast<uint32_t>(b);
-            }
-            LOG_INFO("Storing Value of %d to uiconfig.screen_rgb_color", uiconfig.screen_rgb_color);
-            saveUIConfig();
-#endif
-        });
-
-    int initialSelection = 0;
-    if (uiconfig.screen_rgb_color == 0) {
-        initialSelection = 1;
-    } else {
-        uint32_t currentColor = uiconfig.screen_rgb_color;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < colorCount; ++i) {
-            if (!colorOptions[i].hasValue) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            const ScreenColor &color = colorOptions[i].value;
-            if (color.useVariant) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            uint32_t encoded =
-                (static_cast<uint32_t>(color.r) << 16) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(color.g) << 8) | static_cast<uint32_t>(color.b);
-            if (encoded == currentColor) {
-                initialSelection = static_cast<int>(i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    bannerOptions.InitialSelected = initialSelection;
-
-    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
-}
-
 void menuHandler::rebootMenu()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Confirm"};
@@ -2318,9 +2214,9 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
     bool hasSupportBrightness = false;
 #endif
 
-    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Brightness, ScreenColor, FrameToggles, DisplayUnits, MessageBubbles };
-    static const char *optionsArray[6] = {"Back"};
-    static int optionsEnumArray[6] = {Back};
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Brightness, FrameToggles, DisplayUnits, MessageBubbles, Theme };
+    static const char *optionsArray[7] = {"Back"};
+    static int optionsEnumArray[7] = {Back};
     int options = 1;
 
     // Only show brightness for B&W displays
@@ -2329,13 +2225,6 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
         optionsEnumArray[options++] = Brightness;
     }
 
-    // Only show screen color for TFT displays
-#if defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T114) || defined(HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_T190) || defined(T_DECK) || defined(T_LORA_PAGER) ||          \
-    HAS_TFT || defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
-    optionsArray[options] = "Screen Color";
-    optionsEnumArray[options++] = ScreenColor;
-#endif
-
     optionsArray[options] = "Frame Visibility";
     optionsEnumArray[options++] = FrameToggles;
 
@@ -2345,6 +2234,11 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
     optionsArray[options] = "Message Bubbles";
     optionsEnumArray[options++] = MessageBubbles;
 
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    optionsArray[options] = "Theme";
+    optionsEnumArray[options++] = Theme;
+#endif
+
     BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
     bannerOptions.message = "Display Options";
     bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
@@ -2354,9 +2248,6 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
         if (selected == Brightness) {
             menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::BrightnessPicker;
             screen->runNow();
-        } else if (selected == ScreenColor) {
-            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::TftColorMenuPicker;
-            screen->runNow();
         } else if (selected == FrameToggles) {
             menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::FrameToggles;
             screen->runNow();
@@ -2366,6 +2257,9 @@ void menuHandler::screenOptionsMenu()
         } else if (selected == MessageBubbles) {
             menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::MessageBubblesMenu;
             screen->runNow();
+        } else if (selected == Theme) {
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ThemeMenu;
+            screen->runNow();
         } else {
             menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
             screen->runNow();
@@ -2649,6 +2543,53 @@ void menuHandler::messageBubblesMenu()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
+void menuHandler::themeMenu()
+{
+    // Build menu dynamically from the theme table.
+    // Only visible themes appear!
+    // Slot budget: 1 for "Back" + up to kMaxThemesInMenu visible themes.
+    // Bump kMaxThemesInMenu if you add more themes than will fit here.
+    constexpr size_t kMaxThemesInMenu = 15;
+    const size_t visibleCount = getVisibleThemeCount();
+    static const char *optionsArray[kMaxThemesInMenu + 1] = {"Back"};
+    const size_t shownCount = (visibleCount < kMaxThemesInMenu) ? visibleCount : kMaxThemesInMenu;
+    const int options = static_cast<int>(shownCount) + 1; // +1 for Back
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < shownCount; i++) {
+        optionsArray[i + 1] = getVisibleThemeByIndex(i).name;
+    }
+
+    BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
+    bannerOptions.message = "Theme";
+    bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
+    bannerOptions.optionsCount = options;
+
+    // Highlight the currently active theme (visible index + 1 for the Back
+    // offset).  If the active theme is hidden, leave selection on "Back".
+    const size_t activeVisible = getActiveVisibleThemeIndex();
+    bannerOptions.InitialSelected = (activeVisible == SIZE_MAX) ? 0 : static_cast<int>(activeVisible) + 1;
+
+    bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
+        if (selected == 0) {
+            // Back
+            menuHandler::menuQueue = menuHandler::ScreenOptionsMenu;
+            screen->runNow();
+        } else {
+            // Selection is an index into the VISIBLE themes (1-based, slot 0 is Back).
+            const size_t visibleIdx = static_cast<size_t>(selected - 1);
+            if (visibleIdx < getVisibleThemeCount()) {
+                // Persist the theme's uniqueIdentifier so boot-time
+                // resolveThemeIndex() can restore this theme on next startup.
+                uiconfig.screen_rgb_color = COLOR565(255, 255, (getVisibleThemeByIndex(visibleIdx).uniqueIdentifier & 0x1F) << 3);
+                loadThemeDefaults();
+                saveUIConfig();
+                screen->runNow();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
+}
+
 void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
 {
     if (menuQueue != MenuNone)
@@ -2724,9 +2665,6 @@ void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
     case MuiPicker:
         switchToMUIMenu();
         break;
-    case TftColorMenuPicker:
-        TFTColorPickerMenu(display);
-        break;
     case BrightnessPicker:
         BrightnessPickerMenu();
         break;
@@ -2799,6 +2737,9 @@ void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
     case MessageBubblesMenu:
         messageBubblesMenu();
         break;
+    case ThemeMenu:
+        themeMenu();
+        break;
     }
     menuQueue = MenuNone;
 }
@@ -2810,4 +2751,4 @@ void menuHandler::saveUIConfig()
 
 } // namespace graphics
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.h

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ class menuHandler
         ResetNodeDbMenu,
         BuzzerModeMenuPicker,
         MuiPicker,
-        TftColorMenuPicker,
         BrightnessPicker,
         RebootMenu,
         ShutdownMenu,
@@ -55,7 +54,8 @@ class menuHandler
         NodeNameLengthMenu,
         FrameToggles,
         DisplayUnits,
-        MessageBubblesMenu
+        MessageBubblesMenu,
+        ThemeMenu
     };
     static screenMenus menuQueue;
     static uint32_t pickedNodeNum; // node selected by NodePicker for ManageNodeMenu
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ class menuHandler
     static void GPSPositionBroadcastMenu();
     static void BuzzerModeMenu();
     static void switchToMUIMenu();
-    static void TFTColorPickerMenu(OLEDDisplay *display);
     static void nodeListMenu();
     static void resetNodeDBMenu();
     static void BrightnessPickerMenu();
@@ -110,6 +109,7 @@ class menuHandler
     static void frameTogglesMenu();
     static void displayUnitsMenu();
     static void messageBubblesMenu();
+    static void themeMenu();
     static void textMessageMenu();
 
   private:
@@ -136,23 +136,10 @@ template <typename T> struct MenuOption {
     MenuOption(const char *labelIn, OptionsAction actionIn) : label(labelIn), action(actionIn), hasValue(false), value() {}
 };
 
-struct ScreenColor {
-    uint8_t r;
-    uint8_t g;
-    uint8_t b;
-    bool useVariant;
-
-    explicit ScreenColor(uint8_t rIn = 0, uint8_t gIn = 0, uint8_t bIn = 0, bool variantIn = false)
-        : r(rIn), g(gIn), b(bIn), useVariant(variantIn)
-    {
-    }
-};
-
 using RadioPresetOption = MenuOption<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>;
 using LoraRegionOption = MenuOption<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode>;
 using TimezoneOption = MenuOption<const char *>;
 using CompassOption = MenuOption<meshtastic_CompassMode>;
-using ScreenColorOption = MenuOption<ScreenColor>;
 using GPSToggleOption = MenuOption<meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode>;
 using GPSFormatOption = MenuOption<meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig_GpsCoordinateFormat>;
 using NodeNameOption = MenuOption<bool>;

src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/TimeFormatters.h"
 #include "graphics/emotes.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -254,6 +256,76 @@ struct MessageBlock {
     bool mine;
 };
 
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+static void setDarkModeBubbleRoleColors(uint32_t themeId, bool mine)
+{
+    uint16_t bubbleOnColor;
+    uint16_t bubbleOffColor;
+
+    if (themeId == ThemeID::Blue) {
+        bubbleOnColor = mine ? TFTPalette::Navy : TFTPalette::White;
+        bubbleOffColor = mine ? TFTPalette::SkyBlue : TFTPalette::DeepBlue;
+    } else {
+        bubbleOnColor = mine ? TFTPalette::Black : getThemeBodyFg();
+        bubbleOffColor = mine ? TFTPalette::SkyBlue : TFTPalette::DarkGray;
+    }
+
+    setTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, bubbleOnColor, bubbleOffColor);
+}
+
+static void registerRoundedBubbleFillRegion(int x, int y, int w, int h, int radius)
+{
+    if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (radius <= 0 || w < 3 || h < 3) {
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, x, y, w, h);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Keep region count low so we don't churn MAX_TFT_COLOR_REGIONS while
+    // scrolling long message lists (which can flatten older bubble corners).
+    int capRows = 0;
+    if (radius >= 4 && h >= 5) {
+        capRows = 2; // 5 regions total (2 top caps + middle + 2 bottom caps)
+    } else if (radius >= 2 && h >= 3) {
+        capRows = 1; // 3 regions total
+    }
+    if (capRows <= 0) {
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, x, y, w, h);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < capRows; ++row) {
+        int inset = 0;
+        if (radius >= 4) {
+            inset = (row == 0) ? 2 : 1;
+        } else if (radius >= 2) {
+            inset = 1;
+        }
+        const int stripW = w - (inset * 2);
+        if (stripW <= 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const int topY = y + row;
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, x + inset, topY, stripW, 1);
+
+        const int bottomY = y + h - 1 - row;
+        if (bottomY != topY) {
+            registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, x + inset, bottomY, stripW, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int middleY = y + capRows;
+    const int middleH = h - (capRows * 2);
+    if (middleH > 0) {
+        registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, x, middleY, w, middleH);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 static int getDrawnLinePixelBottom(int lineTopY, const std::string &line, bool isHeaderLine)
 {
     if (isHeaderLine) {
@@ -648,6 +720,11 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
     const int contentBottom = scrollBottom; // already excludes nav line
     const int rightEdge = SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
     const int bubbleGapY = std::max(1, MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP / 2);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    const uint32_t themeId = getActiveTheme().id;
+    // Blue is a dark variant but uses full frame inversion, Keep it on the same filled bubble style as Default Dark.
+    const bool useDarkModeBubbleFill = showBubbles && (!isThemeFullFrameInvert() || themeId == ThemeID::Blue);
+#endif
 
     std::vector<int> lineTop;
     lineTop.resize(cachedLines.size());
@@ -686,6 +763,17 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
             int visualBottom = getDrawnLinePixelBottom(lineTop[b.end], cachedLines[b.end], isHeader[b.end]);
             int bottomY = visualBottom + BUBBLE_PAD_Y;
 
+            // On high-res screens, keep a 1px gap under the header
+            if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
+                const int minTopY = contentTop + 1;
+                if (topY < minTopY) {
+                    // Preserve bubble height when we push it down from the header.
+                    const int shift = minTopY - topY;
+                    topY = minTopY;
+                    bottomY += shift;
+                }
+            }
+
             if (bi + 1 < blocks.size()) {
                 int nextHeaderIndex = (int)blocks[bi + 1].start;
                 int nextTop = lineTop[nextHeaderIndex];
@@ -735,24 +823,56 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                 const int by = topY;
                 const int bw = bubbleW;
                 const int bh = bubbleH;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                const bool drawBubbleOutline = !useDarkModeBubbleFill;
+#else
+                const bool drawBubbleOutline = true;
+#endif
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (useDarkModeBubbleFill) {
+                    setDarkModeBubbleRoleColors(themeId, b.mine);
+                    registerRoundedBubbleFillRegion(bx, by, bw, bh, r);
+                }
+#endif
 
-                // Draw the 4 corner arcs using drawCircleQuads
-                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + r, r, 0x2);                   // Top-left
-                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + r, r, 0x1);          // Top-right
-                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x4);          // Bottom-left
-                display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x8); // Bottom-right
+                if (drawBubbleOutline) {
+                    // Draw the 4 corner arcs using drawCircleQuads
+                    display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + r, r, 0x2);                   // Top-left
+                    display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + r, r, 0x1);          // Top-right
+                    display->drawCircleQuads(bx + r, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x4);          // Bottom-left
+                    display->drawCircleQuads(bx + bw - r - 1, by + bh - r - 1, r, 0x8); // Bottom-right
 
-                // Draw the 4 edges between corners
-                display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by, bw - 2 * r);          // Top edge
-                display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by + bh - 1, bw - 2 * r); // Bottom edge
-                display->drawVerticalLine(bx, by + r, bh - 2 * r);            // Left edge
-                display->drawVerticalLine(bx + bw - 1, by + r, bh - 2 * r);   // Right edge
+                    // Draw the 4 edges between corners
+                    display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by, bw - 2 * r);          // Top edge
+                    display->drawHorizontalLine(bx + r, by + bh - 1, bw - 2 * r); // Bottom edge
+                    display->drawVerticalLine(bx, by + r, bh - 2 * r);            // Left edge
+                    display->drawVerticalLine(bx + bw - 1, by + r, bh - 2 * r);   // Right edge
+                }
             } else if (bubbleW > 1 && bubbleH > 1) {
                 // Fallback to simple rectangle for very small bubbles
-                display->drawRect(bubbleX, topY, bubbleW, bubbleH);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                const bool drawBubbleOutline = !useDarkModeBubbleFill;
+#else
+                const bool drawBubbleOutline = true;
+#endif
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (useDarkModeBubbleFill) {
+                    setDarkModeBubbleRoleColors(themeId, b.mine);
+                    registerTFTColorRegion(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuBody, bubbleX, topY, bubbleW, bubbleH);
+                }
+#endif
+                if (drawBubbleOutline) {
+                    display->drawRect(bubbleX, topY, bubbleW, bubbleH);
+                }
             }
         }
     } // end if (showBubbles)
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    if (useDarkModeBubbleFill) {
+        // Restore theme role defaults so other screens keep their intended palette.
+        loadThemeDefaults();
+    }
+#endif
 
     // Render visible lines
     int lineY = yOffset;
@@ -772,7 +892,7 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                     headerX = x + textIndent;
                 }
                 graphics::UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, headerX, lineY, cachedLines[i].c_str(), FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1,
-                                                           false);
+                                                           true);
 
                 // Draw underline just under header text
                 int underlineY = lineY + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;

src/graphics/draw/NodeListRenderer.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "gps/RTC.h" // for getTime() function
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/images.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -213,6 +215,33 @@ void drawScrollbar(OLEDDisplay *display, int visibleNodeRows, int totalEntries,
     }
 }
 
+static inline void applyFavoriteNodeNameColor(OLEDDisplay *display, const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, const char *nodeName,
+                                              int16_t nameX, int16_t y, int nameMaxWidth)
+{
+    if (!display || !node || !node->is_favorite || !isTFTColoringEnabled() || !nodeName) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int textWidth = UIRenderer::measureStringWithEmotes(display, nodeName);
+    const int regionWidth = min(textWidth, max(0, nameMaxWidth));
+    if (regionWidth <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Node list rows can begin a couple of pixels inside header space.
+    // Clamp favorite-name color region below the header to avoid black overlap there.
+    const int16_t minContentY = static_cast<int16_t>(FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1);
+    const int16_t regionY = max(y, minContentY);
+    const int16_t yClip = regionY - y;
+    const int16_t regionHeight = static_cast<int16_t>(FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - yClip);
+    if (regionHeight <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::FavoriteNode, TFTPalette::Yellow, TFTPalette::Black, nameX, regionY, regionWidth,
+                               regionHeight);
+}
+
 // =============================
 // Entry Renderers
 // =============================
@@ -227,6 +256,9 @@ void drawEntryLastHeard(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int
     char nodeName[96];
     UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, getSafeNodeName(display, node, columnWidth).c_str(), nodeName, sizeof(nodeName),
                                          nameMaxWidth);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    applyFavoriteNodeNameColor(display, node, nodeName, nameX, y, nameMaxWidth);
+#endif
     bool isMuted = (node->bitfield & NODEINFO_BITFIELD_IS_MUTED_MASK) != 0;
 
     char timeStr[10];
@@ -286,6 +318,9 @@ void drawEntryHopSignal(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int
     char nodeName[96];
     UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, getSafeNodeName(display, node, columnWidth).c_str(), nodeName, sizeof(nodeName),
                                          nameMaxWidth);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    applyFavoriteNodeNameColor(display, node, nodeName, nameX, y, nameMaxWidth);
+#endif
     bool isMuted = (node->bitfield & NODEINFO_BITFIELD_IS_MUTED_MASK) != 0;
 
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
@@ -315,6 +350,19 @@ void drawEntryHopSignal(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int
         int barStartX = x + barsXOffset;
         int barStartY = y + 1 + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2) + 2;
 
+        if (bars > 0) {
+            uint16_t signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Bad;
+            if (bars >= 3) {
+                signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Good;
+            } else if (bars == 2) {
+                signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Medium;
+            }
+
+            // Highest bar reaches 6 px in this renderer.
+            setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::SignalBars, signalBarsColor, TFTPalette::Black, barStartX, barStartY - 6,
+                                       (kBarCount * kBarWidth) + ((kBarCount - 1) * kBarGap), 6);
+        }
+
         for (int b = 0; b < kBarCount; b++) {
             if (b < bars) {
                 int height = (b * 2);
@@ -350,6 +398,9 @@ void drawNodeDistance(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
     char nodeName[96];
     UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, getSafeNodeName(display, node, columnWidth).c_str(), nodeName, sizeof(nodeName),
                                          nameMaxWidth);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    applyFavoriteNodeNameColor(display, node, nodeName, nameX, y, nameMaxWidth);
+#endif
     bool isMuted = (node->bitfield & NODEINFO_BITFIELD_IS_MUTED_MASK) != 0;
     char distStr[10] = "";
 
@@ -455,6 +506,9 @@ void drawEntryCompass(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
     char nodeName[96];
     UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, getSafeNodeName(display, node, columnWidth).c_str(), nodeName, sizeof(nodeName),
                                          nameMaxWidth);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    applyFavoriteNodeNameColor(display, node, nodeName, nameX, y, nameMaxWidth);
+#endif
     bool isMuted = (node->bitfield & NODEINFO_BITFIELD_IS_MUTED_MASK) != 0;
 
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
@@ -710,6 +764,9 @@ void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t
         display->fillRect(boxLeft, boxTop + boxHeight - 1, 1, 1);
         display->fillRect(boxLeft + boxWidth - 1, boxTop + boxHeight - 1, 1, 1);
         display->setColor(WHITE);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+        registerTFTActionMenuRegions(boxLeft, boxTop, boxWidth, boxHeight);
+#endif
 
         // Text
         display->drawString(boxLeft + padding, boxTop + padding, buf);

src/graphics/draw/NotificationRenderer.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTColorRegions.h"
+#include "graphics/TFTPalette.h"
 #include "graphics/images.h"
 #include "input/RotaryEncoderInterruptImpl1.h"
 #include "input/UpDownInterruptImpl1.h"
@@ -608,6 +610,9 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplay
     display->fillRect(boxLeft, boxTop + boxHeight - 1, 1, 1);
     display->fillRect(boxLeft + boxWidth - 1, boxTop + boxHeight - 1, 1, 1);
     display->setColor(WHITE);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+    registerTFTActionMenuRegions(boxLeft, boxTop, boxWidth, boxHeight);
+#endif
 
     // Draw Content
     int16_t lineY = boxTop + vPadding;
@@ -630,7 +635,21 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplay
             if (strchr(lineBuffer, 'p') || strchr(lineBuffer, 'g') || strchr(lineBuffer, 'y') || strchr(lineBuffer, 'j')) {
                 background_yOffset = -1;
             }
-            display->fillRect(boxLeft, boxTop + 1, boxWidth, effectiveLineHeight - background_yOffset);
+            const int16_t titleBarY = boxTop + 1;
+            const int16_t titleBarHeight = effectiveLineHeight - background_yOffset;
+            display->fillRect(boxLeft, titleBarY, boxWidth, titleBarHeight);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+            if (alertBannerOptions > 0) {
+                const uint16_t titleTextColor =
+                    (getActiveTheme().id == ThemeID::DefaultLight) ? TFTPalette::Black : getThemeHeaderText();
+                // Keep title role away from border/corner pixels so rounded-corner masks are not remapped to the title text
+                // color.
+                if (boxWidth > 2 && titleBarHeight > 0) {
+                    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::ActionMenuTitle, getThemeHeaderBg(), titleTextColor, boxLeft + 1,
+                                               titleBarY, boxWidth - 2, titleBarHeight);
+                }
+            }
+#endif
             display->setColor(BLACK);
             int yOffset = 3;
             if (current_notification_type == notificationTypeEnum::node_picker) {
@@ -650,6 +669,7 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplay
                 const int barSpacing = 2;
                 const int barHeightStep = 2;
                 const int gap = 6;
+                const int maxBarHeight = totalBars * barHeightStep;
 
                 int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(lineBuffer, strlen(lineBuffer), true);
                 int barsWidth = totalBars * barWidth + (totalBars - 1) * barSpacing + gap;
@@ -664,6 +684,20 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplay
 
                 int baseX = groupStartX + textWidth + gap;
                 int baseY = lineY + effectiveLineHeight - 1;
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
+                if (graphics::bannerSignalBars > 0) {
+                    uint16_t signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Medium;
+                    if (graphics::bannerSignalBars <= 1) {
+                        signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Bad;
+                    } else if (graphics::bannerSignalBars >= 4) {
+                        signalBarsColor = TFTPalette::Good;
+                    }
+                    const int activeBars = min(graphics::bannerSignalBars, totalBars);
+                    const int regionWidth = activeBars * barWidth + (activeBars - 1) * barSpacing;
+                    setAndRegisterTFTColorRole(TFTColorRole::SignalBars, signalBarsColor, TFTPalette::Black, baseX,
+                                               baseY - maxBarHeight, regionWidth, maxBarHeight);
+                }
+#endif
                 for (int b = 0; b < totalBars; b++) {
                     int barHeight = (b + 1) * barHeightStep;
                     int x = baseX + b * (barWidth + barSpacing);

src/graphics/draw/UIRenderer.h

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ class UIRenderer
 
     static void drawDeviceFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 
+    static void drawBootIconScreen(const char *upperMsg, OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+
     // Icon and screen drawing functions
     static void drawIconScreen(const char *upperMsg, OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 

src/graphics/niche/Drivers/EInk/ED047TC1.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,116 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics::Drivers;
 
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
+// FastEPD helper symbols are defined in FastEPD.inl with C++ linkage.
+extern void bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(uint8_t pin, uint8_t value);
+extern uint8_t bbepPCA9535DigitalRead(uint8_t pin);
+extern int bbepI2CWrite(unsigned char iAddr, unsigned char *pData, int iLen);
+extern int bbepI2CReadRegister(unsigned char iAddr, unsigned char u8Register, unsigned char *pData, int iLen);
+#endif
+
+namespace
+{
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
+// FastEPD default V2 power callback blocks forever waiting for PWRGOOD.
+// Replace it with a timeout-safe version so boot never deadlocks.
+int safeEPDiyV7EinkPower(void *pBBEP, int bOn)
+{
+    static bool warnedPgood = false;
+    static bool warnedTpsPg = false;
+    static bool warnedTpsWrite = false;
+
+    FASTEPDSTATE *pState = static_cast<FASTEPDSTATE *>(pBBEP);
+    if (!pState) {
+        return BBEP_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (bOn == pState->pwr_on) {
+        return BBEP_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    if (bOn) {
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(8, 1);  // OE on
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(9, 1);  // GMOD on
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(13, 1); // WAKEUP on
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(11, 1); // PWRUP on
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(12, 1); // VCOM CTRL on
+        delay(1);
+
+        const uint32_t pgoodStart = millis();
+        bool pgoodSeen = false;
+        while (!bbepPCA9535DigitalRead(14)) { // CFG_PIN_PWRGOOD
+            if ((millis() - pgoodStart) > 1200) {
+                if (!warnedPgood) {
+                    LOG_WARN("ED047TC1: PWRGOOD timeout, continuing with fallback power-on path");
+                    warnedPgood = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            delay(1);
+        }
+        if (bbepPCA9535DigitalRead(14)) {
+            pgoodSeen = true;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t ucTemp[4] = {0};
+        ucTemp[0] = 0x01; // TPS_REG_ENABLE
+        ucTemp[1] = 0x3f; // enable rails
+        const int tpsEnableRc = bbepI2CWrite(0x68, ucTemp, 2);
+
+        const int vcom = pState->iVCOM / -10;
+        ucTemp[0] = 3; // VCOM registers 3+4 (L + H)
+        ucTemp[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(vcom);
+        ucTemp[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(vcom >> 8);
+        const int tpsVcomRc = bbepI2CWrite(0x68, ucTemp, 3);
+        if ((tpsEnableRc == 0 || tpsVcomRc == 0) && !warnedTpsWrite) {
+            LOG_WARN("ED047TC1: TPS write did not ACK, continuing with fallback");
+            warnedTpsWrite = true;
+        }
+
+        int iTimeout = 0;
+        uint8_t u8Value = 0;
+        while (iTimeout < 220 && ((u8Value & 0xfa) != 0xfa)) {
+            bbepI2CReadRegister(0x68, 0x0F, &u8Value, 1); // TPS_REG_PG
+            iTimeout++;
+            delay(1);
+        }
+        if (iTimeout >= 220 && !warnedTpsPg) {
+            if (pgoodSeen) {
+                LOG_WARN("ED047TC1: TPS power-good register timeout, panel may still work");
+            } else {
+                LOG_WARN("ED047TC1: TPS power-good register timeout after PWRGOOD fallback");
+            }
+            warnedTpsPg = true;
+        }
+
+        pState->pwr_on = 1;
+    } else {
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(8, 0);  // OE off
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(9, 0);  // GMOD off
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(11, 0); // PWRUP off
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(12, 0); // VCOM CTRL off
+        delay(1);
+        bbepPCA9535DigitalWrite(13, 0); // WAKEUP off
+        pState->pwr_on = 0;
+    }
+
+    return BBEP_SUCCESS;
+}
+#endif
+
+class SafeFastEPD : public FASTEPD
+{
+  public:
+    void installSafePowerHandler()
+    {
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
+        _state.pfnEinkPower = safeEPDiyV7EinkPower;
+#endif
+    }
+};
+} // namespace
+
 void ED047TC1::begin(SPIClass *spi, uint8_t pin_dc, uint8_t pin_cs, uint8_t pin_busy, uint8_t pin_rst)
 {
     // Parallel display — SPI parameters are not used
@@ -34,24 +144,48 @@ void ED047TC1::begin(SPIClass *spi, uint8_t pin_dc, uint8_t pin_cs, uint8_t pin_
     (void)pin_busy;
     (void)pin_rst;
 
-    epaper = new FASTEPD;
+    SafeFastEPD *safeEpaper = new SafeFastEPD;
+    epaper = safeEpaper;
 
+    int initRc = BBEP_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER;
 #if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1)
-    epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO, 28000000);
+    initRc = epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO, 28000000);
 #elif defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
-    epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO_V2, 28000000);
+    initRc = epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO_V2, 28000000);
     // Initialize all PCA9535 port-0 pins as outputs / HIGH
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
         epaper->ioPinMode(i, OUTPUT);
         epaper->ioWrite(i, HIGH);
     }
+    // On this board, the physical side key is labeled IO48; electrically it maps to PCA9535 IO12 (bit 2 on port-1).
+    // FastEPD's generic V7 init drives 8..13 as outputs; force IO12 back to input
+    // so variant touch-control polling can read the key reliably.
+    epaper->ioPinMode(10, INPUT);
 #else
 #error "ED047TC1 driver: unsupported variant — define T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1 or T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2"
 #endif
 
-    epaper->setMode(BB_MODE_1BPP);
-    epaper->clearWhite();
-    epaper->fullUpdate(true); // Blocking initial clear
+    if (initRc != BBEP_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG_ERROR("ED047TC1 initPanel failed rc=%d", initRc);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    safeEpaper->installSafePowerHandler();
+
+    const int modeRc = epaper->setMode(BB_MODE_1BPP);
+    if (modeRc != BBEP_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG_WARN("ED047TC1 setMode failed rc=%d", modeRc);
+    }
+
+    const int clearRc = epaper->clearWhite();
+    if (clearRc != BBEP_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG_WARN("ED047TC1 clearWhite failed rc=%d", clearRc);
+    }
+
+    const int fullRc = epaper->fullUpdate(true); // Blocking initial clear
+    if (fullRc != BBEP_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG_WARN("ED047TC1 initial fullUpdate failed rc=%d", fullRc);
+    }
 }
 
 void ED047TC1::update(uint8_t *imageData, UpdateTypes type)
@@ -111,9 +245,8 @@ void ED047TC1::update(uint8_t *imageData, UpdateTypes type)
         epaper->fullUpdate(CLEAR_SLOW, false);
         epaper->backupPlane(); // Sync pPrevious so next partialUpdate has a correct baseline
     } else {
-        // FAST: true partial update — compares pCurrent vs pPrevious and only applies
-        // the update waveform to rows that actually changed. Unchanged rows get a neutral
-        // signal (no visible effect). partialUpdate() updates pPrevious internally.
+        // FAST: true partial update - compares pCurrent vs pPrevious and only applies
+        // update waveform to rows that changed. partialUpdate() updates pPrevious.
         epaper->partialUpdate(false, 0, dstTotalRows - 1);
     }
 }

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applet.h

@@ -104,6 +104,15 @@ class Applet : public GFX
     virtual void onFreeText(char c) {}
     virtual void onFreeTextDone() {}
     virtual void onFreeTextCancel() {}
+    // Absolute display-space touch point, for touch-friendly UI interactions.
+    // Return true if consumed.
+    virtual bool onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress)
+    {
+        (void)x;
+        (void)y;
+        (void)longPress;
+        return false;
+    }
     // List of inputs which can be subscribed to
     enum InputMask {      // | No Joystick  |     With Joystick     |
         BUTTON_SHORT = 1, // | Button Click | Joystick Center Click |

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/Bases/Map/MapApplet.cpp

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ void InkHUD::MapApplet::onRender(bool full)
 
         // Add white halo outline first
         constexpr int outlinePad = 1;
-        int boxSize = 11;
-        int radius = 2; // rounded corner radius
+        int boxSize = fontSmall.lineHeight() + 2; // scale with font so digit fits
+        int radius = max(2, boxSize / 6);
 
         // White halo background
         fillRoundedRect(x, y, boxSize + (outlinePad * 2), boxSize + (outlinePad * 2), radius + 1, WHITE);
@@ -143,17 +143,19 @@ void InkHUD::MapApplet::onRender(bool full)
         int16_t centerX = X(0.5) + (self.eastMeters * metersToPx);
         int16_t centerY = Y(0.5) - (self.northMeters * metersToPx);
 
+        int16_t r = fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2; // scale marker with font
+
         // White fill background + halo
-        fillCircle(centerX, centerY, 8, WHITE); // big white base
-        drawCircle(centerX, centerY, 8, WHITE); // crisp edge
+        fillCircle(centerX, centerY, r + 2, WHITE);
+        drawCircle(centerX, centerY, r + 2, WHITE);
 
         // Black bullseye on top
-        drawCircle(centerX, centerY, 6, BLACK);
-        fillCircle(centerX, centerY, 2, BLACK);
+        drawCircle(centerX, centerY, r, BLACK);
+        fillCircle(centerX, centerY, max(2, r / 4), BLACK);
 
         // Crosshairs
-        drawLine(centerX - 8, centerY, centerX + 8, centerY, BLACK);
-        drawLine(centerX, centerY - 8, centerX, centerY + 8, BLACK);
+        drawLine(centerX - r - 2, centerY, centerX + r + 2, centerY, BLACK);
+        drawLine(centerX, centerY - r - 2, centerX, centerY + r + 2, BLACK);
     }
 }
 
@@ -382,9 +384,9 @@ void InkHUD::MapApplet::drawLabeledMarker(meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node)
 
     constexpr uint16_t paddingH = 2;
     constexpr uint16_t paddingW = 4;
-    uint16_t paddingInnerW = 2;            // Zero'd out if no text
-    constexpr uint16_t markerSizeMax = 12; // Size of cross (if marker uses a cross)
-    constexpr uint16_t markerSizeMin = 5;
+    uint16_t paddingInnerW = 2;                      // Zero'd out if no text
+    uint16_t markerSizeMax = fontSmall.lineHeight(); // Scale cross with font
+    uint16_t markerSizeMin = max(5, fontSmall.lineHeight() / 3);
 
     int16_t textX;
     int16_t textY;

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/AppSwitcher/AppSwitcherApplet.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+
+#include "./AppSwitcherApplet.h"
+
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/Tile.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+
+using namespace NicheGraphics;
+
+namespace
+{
+static constexpr uint16_t BODY_MARGIN_X = 8;
+static constexpr uint16_t BODY_MARGIN_Y = 6;
+static constexpr uint16_t SLOT_GAP_X = 8;
+static constexpr uint16_t SLOT_GAP_Y = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t ICON_RADIUS = 8;
+static constexpr uint16_t FOOTER_PAD = 4;
+static constexpr uint16_t LABEL_BOTTOM_PAD = 1;
+static constexpr uint16_t LABEL_GAP_Y = 1;
+static constexpr uint16_t TITLE_H_PAD = 8;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t GRID_COLS = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t GRID_ROWS = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t ICON_NATIVE_SIZE = 48;
+static constexpr uint8_t ICON_OUTLINE_STROKE = 1;
+
+enum class IconKind : uint8_t { GENERIC, ALL_MESSAGES, DMS, CHANNEL, POSITIONS, RECENTS, HEARD, FAVORITES };
+
+struct GridLayout {
+    uint16_t footerH = 0;
+    uint16_t bodyTop = 0;
+    uint16_t bodyBottom = 0;
+    uint16_t slotW = 0;
+    uint16_t slotH = 0;
+    uint16_t iconBox = 0;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Icons sourced from Material Design Icons PNG set (Apache 2.0):
+ * https://github.com/material-icons/material-icons-png
+ *
+ * Families used: outline-2x (48x48)
+ * apps, markunread, chat, forum, place, history, hearing, star_border
+ */
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_generic_apps[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL,
+    0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL,
+    0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL,
+    0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x00FF0FF0FF00ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_all_messages[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x07FFFFFFFFE0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL,
+    0x0FC0000003F0ULL, 0x0FE0000007F0ULL, 0x0FF800001FF0ULL, 0x0FFE00007FF0ULL, 0x0FFF0000FFF0ULL, 0x0F7FC003FEF0ULL,
+    0x0F1FE007F8F0ULL, 0x0F07F81FE0F0ULL, 0x0F03FE7FC0F0ULL, 0x0F00FFFF00F0ULL, 0x0F007FFE00F0ULL, 0x0F001FF800F0ULL,
+    0x0F0007E000F0ULL, 0x0F0003C000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x07FFFFFFFFE0ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_dms[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x07FFFFFFFFE0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL,
+    0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFFFF0F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0F0FFFF000F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFF000F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFF000F0ULL, 0x0F0FFFF000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL,
+    0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F00000000F0ULL, 0x0F7FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFE0ULL,
+    0x0FF000000000ULL, 0x0FE000000000ULL, 0x0FC000000000ULL, 0x0F8000000000ULL, 0x0F0000000000ULL, 0x0E0000000000ULL,
+    0x0C0000000000ULL, 0x080000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_channel[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFC000ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFC000ULL,
+    0x0FFFFFFFC000ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFC000ULL, 0x0F000003C000ULL, 0x0F000003C000ULL, 0x0F000003C000ULL, 0x0F000003C000ULL,
+    0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL,
+    0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F000003C3F0ULL, 0x0F7FFFFFC3F0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFC3F0ULL,
+    0x0FFFFFFFC3F0ULL, 0x0FFFFFFFC3F0ULL, 0x0FF0000003F0ULL, 0x0FE0000003F0ULL, 0x0FC0000003F0ULL, 0x0F80000003F0ULL,
+    0x0F0FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0E0FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x0C0FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x080FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x000FFFFFFFF0ULL, 0x000FFFFFFFF0ULL,
+    0x000000000FF0ULL, 0x0000000007F0ULL, 0x0000000003F0ULL, 0x0000000001F0ULL, 0x0000000000F0ULL, 0x000000000070ULL,
+    0x000000000030ULL, 0x000000000010ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_positions[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x00001FF80000ULL, 0x00007FFE0000ULL,
+    0x0001FFFF8000ULL, 0x0003FFFFC000ULL, 0x0007FFFFE000ULL, 0x000FF00FF000ULL, 0x000FC003F000ULL, 0x001F8001F800ULL,
+    0x001F0000F800ULL, 0x003F07E0FC00ULL, 0x003E0FF07C00ULL, 0x003E1FF87C00ULL, 0x003E1FF87C00ULL, 0x003E1FF87C00ULL,
+    0x003E1FF87C00ULL, 0x003E1FF87C00ULL, 0x003E1FF87C00ULL, 0x003E0FF07C00ULL, 0x003E07E07C00ULL, 0x001F0000F800ULL,
+    0x001F0000F800ULL, 0x001F8001F800ULL, 0x000F8001F000ULL, 0x000FC003F000ULL, 0x0007C003E000ULL, 0x0007E007E000ULL,
+    0x0003F00FC000ULL, 0x0003F00FC000ULL, 0x0001F81F8000ULL, 0x0001FC3F8000ULL, 0x0000FC3F0000ULL, 0x00007E7E0000ULL,
+    0x00003FFC0000ULL, 0x00003FFC0000ULL, 0x00001FF80000ULL, 0x00000FF00000ULL, 0x00000FF00000ULL, 0x000007E00000ULL,
+    0x000003C00000ULL, 0x000001800000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_recents[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+    0x00000FFF0000ULL, 0x00003FFFC000ULL, 0x0000FFFFF000ULL, 0x0001FFFFF800ULL, 0x0007FFFFFE00ULL, 0x000FF801FF00ULL,
+    0x000FE0007F00ULL, 0x001FC0003F80ULL, 0x003F00000FC0ULL, 0x003F00000FC0ULL, 0x007E00E007E0ULL, 0x007C00E003E0ULL,
+    0x00FC00E003F0ULL, 0x00F800E001F0ULL, 0x00F800E001F0ULL, 0x00F800E001F0ULL, 0x00F800E001F0ULL, 0x00F800E001F0ULL,
+    0x3FFFC0F001F0ULL, 0x1FFF80FC01F0ULL, 0x0FFF00FF01F0ULL, 0x07FE003F81F0ULL, 0x03FC001FC1F0ULL, 0x01F80007C3F0ULL,
+    0x00F0000183E0ULL, 0x0060000007E0ULL, 0x000000000FC0ULL, 0x000000000FC0ULL, 0x0001C0003F80ULL, 0x0003E0007F00ULL,
+    0x0007F801FF00ULL, 0x0007FFFFFE00ULL, 0x0001FFFFF800ULL, 0x0000FFFFF000ULL, 0x00003FFFC000ULL, 0x00000FFF0000ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_heard[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000800000000ULL, 0x001C00000000ULL, 0x003E01FF8000ULL, 0x007F07FFE000ULL,
+    0x007E1FFFF800ULL, 0x00FC3FFFFC00ULL, 0x00F87FFFFE00ULL, 0x01F8FF00FF00ULL, 0x01F0FC003F00ULL, 0x01F1F8001F80ULL,
+    0x03E1F0000F80ULL, 0x03E3F07E0FC0ULL, 0x03E3E0FF07C0ULL, 0x03E3E1FF87C0ULL, 0x03E3E1FF87C0ULL, 0x03E3E1FF87C0ULL,
+    0x03E3E1FF8000ULL, 0x03E3E1FF8000ULL, 0x03E3E1FF8000ULL, 0x03E3E0FF0000ULL, 0x03E3F07E0000ULL, 0x03E1F0000000ULL,
+    0x01F1F8000000ULL, 0x01F1F8000000ULL, 0x01F8FC000000ULL, 0x00F87E000000ULL, 0x00FC7F800000ULL, 0x007E3FC00000ULL,
+    0x007F1FE00000ULL, 0x003E0FF00000ULL, 0x001C03F00000ULL, 0x000801F80000ULL, 0x000000F80000ULL, 0x000000FC0000ULL,
+    0x0000007C07C0ULL, 0x0000007E07C0ULL, 0x0000003F0FC0ULL, 0x0000003FFFC0ULL, 0x0000001FFF80ULL, 0x0000000FFF00ULL,
+    0x00000007FE00ULL, 0x00000003FC00ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint64_t icon_favorites[48] = {
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000001800000ULL, 0x000001800000ULL,
+    0x000003C00000ULL, 0x000003C00000ULL, 0x000003C00000ULL, 0x000007E00000ULL, 0x000007E00000ULL, 0x00000FF00000ULL,
+    0x00000FF00000ULL, 0x00001FF80000ULL, 0x00001FF80000ULL, 0x00001E780000ULL, 0x00003E7C0000ULL, 0x003FFC3FFC00ULL,
+    0x0FFFFC3FFFF0ULL, 0x0FFFF81FFFF0ULL, 0x03FFF81FFFC0ULL, 0x01F800001F80ULL, 0x00FC00003F00ULL, 0x007E00007E00ULL,
+    0x003F8001FC00ULL, 0x001FC003F800ULL, 0x000FE007F000ULL, 0x0003E007C000ULL, 0x0003E007C000ULL, 0x0003C003C000ULL,
+    0x0003C003C000ULL, 0x0003C3C3C000ULL, 0x0007CFF3E000ULL, 0x00079FF9E000ULL, 0x0007FFFFE000ULL, 0x0007FE7FE000ULL,
+    0x000FFC3FF000ULL, 0x000FF00FF000ULL, 0x000FC003F000ULL, 0x000F8001F000ULL, 0x001E00007000ULL, 0x001800001800ULL,
+    0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL, 0x000000000000ULL,
+};
+
+using IconBitmap = const uint64_t *;
+
+IconBitmap iconBitmapForKind(IconKind kind)
+{
+    switch (kind) {
+    case IconKind::ALL_MESSAGES:
+        return icon_all_messages;
+    case IconKind::DMS:
+        return icon_dms;
+    case IconKind::CHANNEL:
+        return icon_channel;
+    case IconKind::POSITIONS:
+        return icon_positions;
+    case IconKind::RECENTS:
+        return icon_recents;
+    case IconKind::HEARD:
+        return icon_heard;
+    case IconKind::FAVORITES:
+        return icon_favorites;
+    case IconKind::GENERIC:
+    default:
+        return icon_generic_apps;
+    }
+}
+
+GridLayout computeLayout(const InkHUD::Applet *applet)
+{
+    GridLayout layout;
+
+    const uint16_t w = applet->width();
+    const uint16_t h = applet->height();
+
+    layout.footerH = InkHUD::Applet::fontSmall.lineHeight() + (FOOTER_PAD * 2);
+    layout.bodyTop = BODY_MARGIN_Y;
+    layout.bodyBottom = (h > (layout.footerH + BODY_MARGIN_Y)) ? (h - layout.footerH - BODY_MARGIN_Y) : layout.bodyTop;
+
+    const uint16_t bodyW = (w > (BODY_MARGIN_X * 2)) ? (w - (BODY_MARGIN_X * 2)) : 1;
+    const uint16_t bodyH = (layout.bodyBottom > layout.bodyTop) ? (layout.bodyBottom - layout.bodyTop) : 1;
+    const uint16_t gapsX = SLOT_GAP_X * (GRID_COLS - 1);
+    const uint16_t gapsY = SLOT_GAP_Y * (GRID_ROWS - 1);
+
+    layout.slotW = (bodyW > gapsX) ? ((bodyW - gapsX) / GRID_COLS) : 1;
+    layout.slotH = (bodyH > gapsY) ? ((bodyH - gapsY) / GRID_ROWS) : 1;
+
+    const uint16_t maxIconW = (layout.slotW > 6) ? (layout.slotW - 6) : layout.slotW;
+    const uint16_t maxIconH = (layout.slotH > (InkHUD::Applet::fontSmall.lineHeight() + LABEL_GAP_Y + LABEL_BOTTOM_PAD + 6))
+                                  ? (layout.slotH - InkHUD::Applet::fontSmall.lineHeight() - LABEL_GAP_Y - LABEL_BOTTOM_PAD - 6)
+                                  : layout.slotH / 2;
+    layout.iconBox = std::max<uint16_t>(20, std::min<uint16_t>(maxIconW, maxIconH));
+    return layout;
+}
+
+std::string lowercase(const char *name)
+{
+    if (!name)
+        return "";
+    std::string out(name);
+    std::transform(out.begin(), out.end(), out.begin(), [](unsigned char c) { return (char)std::tolower(c); });
+    return out;
+}
+
+IconKind iconKindForAppletName(const char *name)
+{
+    const std::string lower = lowercase(name);
+    if (lower.find("all message") != std::string::npos || lower.find("messages") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::ALL_MESSAGES;
+    if (lower.find("dm") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::DMS;
+    if (lower.find("channel") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::CHANNEL;
+    if (lower.find("position") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::POSITIONS;
+    if (lower.find("recent") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::RECENTS;
+    if (lower.find("heard") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::HEARD;
+    if (lower.find("favorite") != std::string::npos)
+        return IconKind::FAVORITES;
+    return IconKind::GENERIC;
+}
+
+void drawIconBitmapScaled(InkHUD::Applet *applet, IconBitmap bmp48, int16_t left, int16_t top, uint16_t boxSize, uint16_t color)
+{
+    if (!bmp48 || boxSize == 0)
+        return;
+
+    auto srcOn = [bmp48](int16_t sx, int16_t sy) -> bool {
+        if (sx < 0 || sy < 0 || sx >= ICON_NATIVE_SIZE || sy >= ICON_NATIVE_SIZE)
+            return false;
+        const uint64_t rowBits = bmp48[sy];
+        return (rowBits & (1ULL << (47 - sx))) != 0;
+    };
+
+    for (uint16_t y = 0; y < boxSize; y++) {
+        const uint8_t srcY = (uint8_t)((y * ICON_NATIVE_SIZE) / boxSize);
+        for (uint16_t x = 0; x < boxSize; x++) {
+            const uint8_t srcX = (uint8_t)((x * ICON_NATIVE_SIZE) / boxSize);
+            if (!srcOn(srcX, srcY))
+                continue;
+
+            const uint16_t w = std::min<uint16_t>(ICON_OUTLINE_STROKE, boxSize - x);
+            const uint16_t h = std::min<uint16_t>(ICON_OUTLINE_STROKE, boxSize - y);
+            applet->fillRect(left + x, top + y, w, h, color);
+        }
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::AppSwitcherApplet()
+{
+    alwaysRender = true;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::rebuildActiveAppletList()
+{
+    activeAppletIndices.clear();
+
+    const auto &settings = inkhud->persistence->settings;
+    const uint8_t tileCount = std::min<uint8_t>(settings.userTiles.count, Persistence::MAX_TILES_GLOBAL);
+    const uint8_t focusedTile = (tileCount > 0) ? std::min<uint8_t>(settings.userTiles.focused, tileCount - 1) : 0;
+
+    // Applets displayed on other tiles should not be selectable here.
+    std::vector<bool> occupiedOnOtherTiles(inkhud->userApplets.size(), false);
+    for (uint8_t tile = 0; tile < tileCount; tile++) {
+        if (tile == focusedTile)
+            continue;
+
+        const uint8_t appletIndex = settings.userTiles.displayedUserApplet[tile];
+        if (appletIndex < occupiedOnOtherTiles.size())
+            occupiedOnOtherTiles[appletIndex] = true;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < inkhud->userApplets.size(); i++) {
+        Applet *a = inkhud->userApplets.at(i);
+        if (a && a->isActive() && !occupiedOnOtherTiles[i])
+            activeAppletIndices.push_back(i);
+    }
+}
+
+uint8_t InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::cardsPerPage() const
+{
+    return GRID_COLS * GRID_ROWS;
+}
+
+uint8_t InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::currentPage() const
+{
+    const uint8_t cpp = cardsPerPage();
+    if (cpp == 0)
+        return 0;
+    return selectedIndex / cpp;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::stepPage(int8_t delta)
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty())
+        return;
+
+    const uint8_t cpp = cardsPerPage();
+    const uint8_t pageCount = std::max<uint8_t>(1, (activeAppletIndices.size() + cpp - 1) / cpp);
+    int16_t nextPage = (int16_t)currentPage() + delta;
+    while (nextPage < 0)
+        nextPage += pageCount;
+    while (nextPage >= pageCount)
+        nextPage -= pageCount;
+
+    selectedIndex = std::min<uint8_t>((uint8_t)(nextPage * cpp), activeAppletIndices.size() - 1);
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::clampSelection()
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty()) {
+        selectedIndex = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (selectedIndex >= activeAppletIndices.size())
+        selectedIndex = activeAppletIndices.size() - 1;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::activateSelectedApplet()
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty()) {
+        sendToBackground();
+        requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t appletIndex = activeAppletIndices.at(selectedIndex);
+
+    sendToBackground();
+    inkhud->showApplet(appletIndex);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onForeground()
+{
+    rebuildActiveAppletList();
+    clampSelection();
+    handleInput = true;
+    lockRequests = true;
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onBackground()
+{
+    handleInput = false;
+    lockRequests = false;
+
+    if (borrowedTileOwner)
+        borrowedTileOwner->bringToForeground();
+
+    Tile *t = getTile();
+    if (t)
+        t->assignApplet(borrowedTileOwner);
+    borrowedTileOwner = nullptr;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::show(Tile *t)
+{
+    if (!t)
+        return;
+
+    borrowedTileOwner = t->getAssignedApplet();
+    if (borrowedTileOwner)
+        borrowedTileOwner->sendToBackground();
+
+    t->assignApplet(this);
+    bringToForeground();
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onRender(bool full)
+{
+    (void)full;
+
+    const GridLayout layout = computeLayout(this);
+    const uint8_t cpp = cardsPerPage();
+    const uint8_t page = currentPage();
+    const uint8_t pageStart = page * cpp;
+
+    setFont(fontMedium);
+    setTextColor(BLACK);
+
+    fillRect(0, 0, width(), height(), WHITE);
+    drawRect(0, 0, width(), height(), BLACK);
+
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty()) {
+        setFont(fontSmall);
+        printAt(width() / 2, height() / 2, "No Available Applets", CENTER, MIDDLE);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < cpp; i++) {
+        const uint8_t idx = pageStart + i;
+        if (idx >= activeAppletIndices.size())
+            break;
+
+        const uint8_t row = i / GRID_COLS;
+        const uint8_t col = i % GRID_COLS;
+        const int16_t slotL = BODY_MARGIN_X + (col * (layout.slotW + SLOT_GAP_X));
+        const int16_t slotT = layout.bodyTop + (row * (layout.slotH + SLOT_GAP_Y));
+        const bool selected = (idx == selectedIndex);
+
+        const uint8_t appletIndex = activeAppletIndices.at(idx);
+        Applet *a = inkhud->userApplets.at(appletIndex);
+        if (!a)
+            continue;
+
+        const int16_t iconLeft = slotL + ((layout.slotW - layout.iconBox) / 2);
+        const int16_t iconTop = slotT + 1;
+
+        // Requested style: icon in outlined rounded square only (no filled box, no outer app card).
+        drawRoundRect(iconLeft, iconTop, layout.iconBox, layout.iconBox, ICON_RADIUS, BLACK);
+        if (selected)
+            drawRoundRect(iconLeft + 2, iconTop + 2, layout.iconBox - 4, layout.iconBox - 4, ICON_RADIUS, BLACK);
+
+        const IconBitmap bmp = iconBitmapForKind(iconKindForAppletName(a->name));
+        drawIconBitmapScaled(this, bmp, iconLeft + 3, iconTop + 3, layout.iconBox - 6, BLACK);
+
+        setFont(fontSmall);
+        std::string label = a->name ? a->name : "Applet";
+        const uint16_t maxLabelW = layout.slotW > 4 ? (layout.slotW - 4) : layout.slotW;
+        if (getTextWidth(label) > maxLabelW) {
+            while (!label.empty() && getTextWidth(label + "...") > maxLabelW)
+                label.pop_back();
+            label = label.empty() ? "..." : label + "...";
+        }
+        const int16_t labelY = iconTop + layout.iconBox + LABEL_GAP_Y;
+        setTextColor(BLACK);
+        printAt(slotL + (layout.slotW / 2), labelY, label.c_str(), CENTER, TOP);
+
+        if (a->isForeground())
+            fillCircle(iconLeft + layout.iconBox - 4, iconTop + 4, 2, BLACK);
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t pageCount = std::max<uint8_t>(1, (activeAppletIndices.size() + cpp - 1) / cpp);
+    if (pageCount > 1) {
+        setFont(fontSmall);
+        setTextColor(BLACK);
+        const int16_t footerY = height() - layout.footerH + FOOTER_PAD;
+        printAt(TITLE_H_PAD, footerY, "<", LEFT, TOP);
+        printAt(width() - TITLE_H_PAD, footerY, ">", RIGHT, TOP);
+        const std::string pageText = std::to_string(page + 1) + "/" + std::to_string(pageCount);
+        printAt(width() / 2, footerY, pageText.c_str(), CENTER, TOP);
+    }
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress)
+{
+    (void)longPress;
+
+    Tile *t = getTile();
+    if (!t || activeAppletIndices.empty())
+        return true;
+
+    const uint16_t tileL = t->getLeft();
+    const uint16_t tileT = t->getTop();
+    const uint16_t tileR = tileL + t->getWidth();
+    const uint16_t tileB = tileT + t->getHeight();
+    if (x < tileL || x >= tileR || y < tileT || y >= tileB)
+        return false;
+
+    const GridLayout layout = computeLayout(this);
+    const uint8_t cpp = cardsPerPage();
+    const uint8_t page = currentPage();
+    const uint8_t pageStart = page * cpp;
+    const int16_t localX = (int16_t)x - (int16_t)tileL;
+    const int16_t localY = (int16_t)y - (int16_t)tileT;
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < cpp; i++) {
+        const uint8_t idx = pageStart + i;
+        if (idx >= activeAppletIndices.size())
+            break;
+
+        const uint8_t row = i / GRID_COLS;
+        const uint8_t col = i % GRID_COLS;
+        const int16_t slotL = BODY_MARGIN_X + (col * (layout.slotW + SLOT_GAP_X));
+        const int16_t slotT = layout.bodyTop + (row * (layout.slotH + SLOT_GAP_Y));
+
+        if (localX < slotL || localX >= (slotL + (int16_t)layout.slotW))
+            continue;
+        if (localY < slotT || localY >= (slotT + (int16_t)layout.slotH))
+            continue;
+
+        selectedIndex = idx;
+        clampSelection();
+        activateSelectedApplet();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t pageCount = std::max<uint8_t>(1, (activeAppletIndices.size() + cpp - 1) / cpp);
+    if (pageCount <= 1)
+        return true;
+
+    const int16_t footerTop = height() - layout.footerH;
+    if (localY >= footerTop) {
+        if (localX < (int16_t)(width() / 3))
+            stepPage(-1);
+        else if (localX >= (int16_t)((width() * 2) / 3))
+            stepPage(1);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onButtonShortPress()
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty())
+        return;
+
+    selectedIndex = (selectedIndex + 1) % activeAppletIndices.size();
+    clampSelection();
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onButtonLongPress()
+{
+    activateSelectedApplet();
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onExitShort()
+{
+    sendToBackground();
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onNavUp()
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty())
+        return;
+
+    if (selectedIndex == 0)
+        selectedIndex = activeAppletIndices.size() - 1;
+    else
+        selectedIndex--;
+
+    clampSelection();
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::AppSwitcherApplet::onNavDown()
+{
+    if (activeAppletIndices.empty())
+        return;
+
+    selectedIndex = (selectedIndex + 1) % activeAppletIndices.size();
+    clampSelection();
+    requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+}
+
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/AppSwitcher/AppSwitcherApplet.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+{
+
+class Tile;
+
+class AppSwitcherApplet : public SystemApplet
+{
+  public:
+    AppSwitcherApplet();
+
+    void onForeground() override;
+    void onBackground() override;
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
+
+    void onButtonShortPress() override;
+    void onButtonLongPress() override;
+    void onExitShort() override;
+    void onNavUp() override;
+    void onNavDown() override;
+    bool onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress) override;
+
+    // Open the app switcher on a user tile and temporarily replace the tile's owner.
+    void show(Tile *t);
+
+  private:
+    void rebuildActiveAppletList();
+    void clampSelection();
+    uint8_t cardsPerPage() const;
+    uint8_t currentPage() const;
+    void stepPage(int8_t delta);
+    void activateSelectedApplet();
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> activeAppletIndices;
+    uint8_t selectedIndex = 0;
+
+    Applet *borrowedTileOwner = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.cpp

@@ -1,155 +1,100 @@
 #ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
 #include "./KeyboardApplet.h"
 
+#include <cctype>
+
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
+namespace
+{
+bool usePortraitKeyboardSizing()
+{
+    InkHUD::InkHUD *inkhud = InkHUD::InkHUD::getInstance();
+    return inkhud && inkhud->height() > inkhud->width();
+}
+} // namespace
+
 InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::KeyboardApplet()
 {
-    // Calculate row widths
-    for (uint8_t row = 0; row < KBD_ROWS; row++) {
-        rowWidths[row] = 0;
-        for (uint8_t col = 0; col < KBD_COLS; col++)
-            rowWidths[row] += keyWidths[row * KBD_COLS + col];
-    }
+    mode = MODE_TEXT;
+    lastTypingMode = MODE_TEXT;
+    emotePage = 0;
+    selectedKey = 0;
+    prevSelectedKey = 0;
+    normalizeSelection();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
-    uint16_t em = fontSmall.lineHeight(); // 16 pt
-    uint16_t keyH = Y(1.0) / KBD_ROWS;
-    int16_t keyTopPadding = (keyH - fontSmall.lineHeight()) / 2;
+    const bool showSelection = showSelectionHighlight();
 
-    if (full) { // Draw full keyboard
-        for (uint8_t row = 0; row < KBD_ROWS; row++) {
-
-            // Calculate the remaining space to be used as padding
-            int16_t keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
-
-            // Draw keys
-            uint16_t xPos = 0;
-            for (uint8_t col = 0; col < KBD_COLS; col++) {
-                Color fgcolor = BLACK;
-                uint8_t index = row * KBD_COLS + col;
-                uint16_t keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + ((col * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
-                uint16_t keyY = row * keyH;
-                uint16_t keyW = (keyWidths[index] * em) >> 4;
-                if (index == selectedKey) {
-                    fgcolor = WHITE;
-                    fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, BLACK);
-                }
-                drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[index], fgcolor);
-                xPos += keyWidths[index];
-            }
-        }
-    } else { // Only draw the difference
-        if (selectedKey != prevSelectedKey) {
-            // Draw previously selected key
-            uint8_t row = prevSelectedKey / KBD_COLS;
-            int16_t keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
-            uint16_t xPos = 0;
-            for (uint8_t i = prevSelectedKey - (prevSelectedKey % KBD_COLS); i < prevSelectedKey; i++)
-                xPos += keyWidths[i];
-            uint16_t keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + (((prevSelectedKey % KBD_COLS) * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
-            uint16_t keyY = row * keyH;
-            uint16_t keyW = (keyWidths[prevSelectedKey] * em) >> 4;
-            fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, WHITE);
-            drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[prevSelectedKey], BLACK);
-
-            // Draw newly selected key
-            row = selectedKey / KBD_COLS;
-            keyXPadding = X(1.0) - ((rowWidths[row] * em) >> 4);
-            xPos = 0;
-            for (uint8_t i = selectedKey - (selectedKey % KBD_COLS); i < selectedKey; i++)
-                xPos += keyWidths[i];
-            keyX = ((xPos * em) >> 4) + (((selectedKey % KBD_COLS) * keyXPadding) / (KBD_COLS - 1));
-            keyY = row * keyH;
-            keyW = (keyWidths[selectedKey] * em) >> 4;
-            fillRect(keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH, BLACK);
-            drawKeyLabel(keyX, keyY + keyTopPadding, keyW, keys[selectedKey], WHITE);
-        }
+    if (full) {
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < KBD_KEY_COUNT; i++)
+            drawKey(i, showSelection && i == selectedKey);
+    } else if (showSelection && selectedKey != prevSelectedKey) {
+        drawKey(prevSelectedKey, false);
+        drawKey(selectedKey, true);
     }
 
     prevSelectedKey = selectedKey;
 }
 
-// Draw the key label corresponding to the char
-// for most keys it draws the character itself
-// for ['\b', '\n', ' ', '\x1b'] it draws special glyphs
-void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, char key, Color color)
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::drawKey(uint8_t index, bool selected)
 {
-    if (key == '\b') {
-        // Draw backspace glyph: 13 x 9 px
-        /**
-         *         [][][][][][][][][]
-         *       [][]              []
-         *     [][]    []      []  []
-         *   [][]        []  []    []
-         * [][]            []      []
-         *   [][]        []  []    []
-         *     [][]    []      []  []
-         *       [][]              []
-         *         [][][][][][][][][]
-         */
-        const uint8_t bsBitmap[] = {0x0f, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x08, 0x32, 0x28, 0x61, 0x48, 0xc0,
-                                    0x88, 0x61, 0x48, 0x32, 0x28, 0x18, 0x08, 0x0f, 0xf8};
-        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 13) >> 1;
-        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, bsBitmap, 13, 9, color);
-    } else if (key == '\n') {
-        // Draw done glyph: 12 x 9 px
-        /**
-         *                     [][]
-         *                   [][]
-         *                 [][]
-         *               [][]
-         *             [][]
-         * [][]      [][]
-         *   [][]  [][]
-         *     [][][]
-         *       []
-         */
-        const uint8_t doneBitmap[] = {0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x80, 0x03,
-                                      0x00, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00};
-        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 12) >> 1;
-        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, doneBitmap, 12, 9, color);
-    } else if (key == ' ') {
-        // Draw space glyph: 13 x 9 px
-        /**
-         *
-         *
-         *
-         *
-         * []                      []
-         * []                      []
-         * [][][][][][][][][][][][][]
-         *
-         *
-         */
-        const uint8_t spaceBitmap[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
-                                       0x08, 0x80, 0x08, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - 13) >> 1;
-        drawBitmap(left + leftPadding, top + 1, spaceBitmap, 13, 9, color);
-    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
-        setTextColor(color);
-        std::string keyText = "ESC";
-        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - getTextWidth(keyText)) >> 1;
-        printAt(left + leftPadding, top, keyText);
-    } else {
-        setTextColor(color);
-        if (key >= 0x61)
-            key -= 32; // capitalize
-        std::string keyText = std::string(1, key);
-        uint16_t leftPadding = (width - getTextWidth(keyText)) >> 1;
-        printAt(left + leftPadding, top, keyText);
+    uint16_t keyX = 0;
+    uint16_t keyY = 0;
+    uint16_t keyW = 0;
+    uint16_t keyH = 0;
+    if (!getKeyBounds(index, keyX, keyY, keyW, keyH))
+        return;
+    if (keyW == 0 || keyH == 0)
+        return;
+
+    // Translate absolute tile coordinates into applet-local coordinates.
+    const int16_t localX = keyX - getTile()->getLeft();
+    const int16_t localY = keyY - getTile()->getTop();
+    const bool enabled = isKeyEnabledAt(index);
+
+    // Clean background first so hidden keys never leave stale pixels when mode changes.
+    fillRect(localX, localY, keyW, keyH, WHITE);
+
+    if (!enabled)
+        return;
+
+    fillRoundRect(localX, localY, keyW, keyH, KEY_RADIUS, selected ? BLACK : WHITE);
+    drawRoundRect(localX, localY, keyW, keyH, KEY_RADIUS, BLACK);
+
+    const int16_t labelTop = localY + ((keyH - fontSmall.lineHeight()) / 2);
+    drawKeyLabel(localX, labelTop, keyW, getKeyLabelAt(index), selected ? WHITE : BLACK);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, const std::string &label, Color color)
+{
+    if (label.empty())
+        return;
+
+    setTextColor(color);
+    uint16_t textW = getTextWidth(label);
+    if (textW > width) {
+        // Keep labels readable in narrow keys.
+        textW = getTextWidth("..");
+        printAt(left + ((width - textW) >> 1), top, "..");
+        return;
     }
+
+    uint16_t leftPadding = (width - textW) >> 1;
+    printAt(left + leftPadding, top, label);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onForeground()
 {
-    handleInput = true; // Intercept the button input for our applet
-
-    // Select the first key
+    handleInput = true;
+    mode = MODE_TEXT;
+    lastTypingMode = MODE_TEXT;
+    emotePage = 0;
     selectedKey = 0;
     prevSelectedKey = 0;
+    normalizeSelection();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onBackground()
@@ -159,32 +104,12 @@ void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onBackground()
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onButtonShortPress()
 {
-    char key = keys[selectedKey];
-    if (key == '\n') {
-        inkhud->freeTextDone();
-        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
-    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
-        inkhud->freeTextCancel();
-        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
-    } else {
-        inkhud->freeText(key);
-    }
+    inputSelectedKey(false);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onButtonLongPress()
 {
-    char key = keys[selectedKey];
-    if (key == '\n') {
-        inkhud->freeTextDone();
-        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
-    } else if (key == '\x1b') {
-        inkhud->freeTextCancel();
-        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
-    } else {
-        if (key >= 0x61)
-            key -= 32; // capitalize
-        inkhud->freeText(key);
-    }
+    inputSelectedKey(true);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onExitShort()
@@ -201,57 +126,377 @@ void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onExitLong()
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavUp()
 {
-    if (selectedKey < KBD_COLS) // wrap
+    if (selectedKey < KBD_COLS)
         selectedKey += KBD_COLS * (KBD_ROWS - 1);
-    else // move 1 row back
+    else
         selectedKey -= KBD_COLS;
 
-    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
-    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
-    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavDown()
 {
     selectedKey += KBD_COLS;
-    selectedKey %= (KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS);
-
-    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
-    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
-    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    selectedKey %= KBD_KEY_COUNT;
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavLeft()
 {
-    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == 0) // wrap
+    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == 0)
         selectedKey += KBD_COLS - 1;
-    else // move 1 column back
+    else
         selectedKey--;
 
-    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
-    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
-    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onNavRight()
 {
-    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == KBD_COLS - 1) // wrap
+    if (selectedKey % KBD_COLS == KBD_COLS - 1)
         selectedKey -= KBD_COLS - 1;
-    else // move 1 column forward
+    else
         selectedKey++;
 
-    // Request rendering over the previously drawn render
-    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, false);
-    // Force an update to bypass lockRequests
-    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh();
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress)
+{
+    // If touch is outside our tile, let other handlers process it.
+    if (!getTile())
+        return false;
+    const uint16_t tileL = getTile()->getLeft();
+    const uint16_t tileT = getTile()->getTop();
+    const uint16_t tileR = tileL + getTile()->getWidth();
+    const uint16_t tileB = tileT + getTile()->getHeight();
+    if (x < tileL || x >= tileR || y < tileT || y >= tileB)
+        return false;
+
+    const int16_t hitIndex = getKeyIndexAt(x, y);
+    // Consume touches that land in keyboard whitespace/disabled cells so we don't
+    // fall back to generic short-press behavior (which would type the old selection).
+    if (hitIndex < 0)
+        return true;
+
+    const uint8_t newSelected = (uint8_t)hitIndex;
+    if (selectedKey != newSelected) {
+        selectedKey = newSelected;
+        normalizeSelection();
+        if (showSelectionHighlight())
+            requestFastKeyboardRefresh();
+    }
+
+    if (!isKeyEnabledAt(selectedKey))
+        return true;
+
+    inputSelectedKey(longPress);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyBounds(uint8_t index, uint16_t &left, uint16_t &top, uint16_t &width, uint16_t &height)
+{
+    if (index >= KBD_KEY_COUNT || !getTile())
+        return false;
+
+    const uint16_t tileW = getTile()->getWidth();
+    const uint16_t tileH = getTile()->getHeight();
+    const uint16_t tileL = getTile()->getLeft();
+    const uint16_t tileT = getTile()->getTop();
+    const uint8_t row = index / KBD_COLS;
+    const uint8_t col = index % KBD_COLS;
+
+    const uint16_t totalGapY = KEY_GAP_Y * (KBD_ROWS + 1);
+    const uint16_t keyH = (tileH > totalGapY) ? ((tileH - totalGapY) / KBD_ROWS) : (tileH / KBD_ROWS);
+    top = tileT + KEY_GAP_Y + row * (keyH + KEY_GAP_Y);
+    height = keyH;
+
+    const uint16_t totalGapX = KEY_GAP_X * (KBD_COLS + 1);
+    const uint16_t rowSpace = (tileW > totalGapX) ? (tileW - totalGapX) : tileW;
+    uint32_t rowUnits = 0;
+    const uint8_t rowStart = row * KBD_COLS;
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < KBD_COLS; i++) {
+        rowUnits += getKeyWidthAt(rowStart + i);
+    }
+    if (rowUnits == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    uint32_t cursorX = tileL + KEY_GAP_X;
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < col; i++) {
+        const uint8_t rowIndex = rowStart + i;
+        const uint32_t keyW = ((uint32_t)rowSpace * getKeyWidthAt(rowIndex)) / rowUnits;
+        cursorX += keyW + KEY_GAP_X;
+    }
+
+    left = (uint16_t)cursorX;
+
+    if (col == (KBD_COLS - 1)) {
+        const uint32_t rightEdge = tileL + tileW - KEY_GAP_X;
+        width = (rightEdge > cursorX) ? (uint16_t)(rightEdge - cursorX) : 0;
+    } else {
+        width = (uint16_t)(((uint32_t)rowSpace * getKeyWidthAt(index)) / rowUnits);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int16_t InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyIndexAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < KBD_KEY_COUNT; i++) {
+        uint16_t keyL = 0;
+        uint16_t keyT = 0;
+        uint16_t keyW = 0;
+        uint16_t keyH = 0;
+        if (!getKeyBounds(i, keyL, keyT, keyW, keyH))
+            return -1;
+
+        if (keyW == 0 || keyH == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        if (x >= keyL && x < (keyL + keyW) && y >= keyT && y < (keyT + keyH))
+            return i;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::inputSelectedKey(bool longPress)
+{
+    inputKeyCode(getKeyCodeAt(selectedKey), longPress);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::inputKeyCode(int16_t keyCode, bool longPress)
+{
+    if (keyCode == KEY_NONE)
+        return;
+
+    if (keyCode >= KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE) {
+        const uint8_t slot = (uint8_t)(keyCode - KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE);
+        const uint16_t emoteIndex = emotePage * EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT + slot;
+        if (emoteIndex < fontEmoteCount)
+            inkhud->freeText((char)fontEmotes[emoteIndex]);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    switch (keyCode) {
+    case KEY_BACKSPACE:
+        inkhud->freeText('\b');
+        return;
+    case KEY_SEND:
+        inkhud->freeTextDone();
+        inkhud->closeKeyboard();
+        return;
+    case KEY_EMOTE_TOGGLE:
+        toggleEmoteMode();
+        return;
+    case KEY_PUNCT_TOGGLE:
+    case KEY_ALPHA_TOGGLE:
+        togglePunctuationMode();
+        return;
+    case KEY_EMOTE_UP:
+        pageEmotes(false);
+        return;
+    case KEY_EMOTE_DOWN:
+        pageEmotes(true);
+        return;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (keyCode >= 0 && keyCode <= 0xFF) {
+        char key = (char)keyCode;
+        if (longPress && key >= 'a' && key <= 'z')
+            key = (char)std::toupper((unsigned char)key);
+        inkhud->freeText(key);
+    }
+}
+
+int16_t InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyCodeAt(uint8_t index) const
+{
+    if (index >= KBD_KEY_COUNT)
+        return KEY_NONE;
+
+    if (mode == MODE_TEXT)
+        return textKeys[index];
+    if (mode == MODE_PUNCT)
+        return punctKeys[index];
+
+    // Emote mode
+    if (index < EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT) {
+        const uint16_t emoteIndex = emotePage * EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT + index;
+        if (emoteIndex < fontEmoteCount)
+            return KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE + index;
+        return KEY_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // Emote controls on the bottom row
+    switch (index - EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT) {
+    case 0:
+        return KEY_EMOTE_UP;
+    case 1:
+        return KEY_EMOTE_DOWN;
+    case 2:
+        return KEY_ALPHA_TOGGLE;
+    case 3:
+        return ',';
+    case 4:
+        return ' ';
+    case 5:
+        return '.';
+    case 6:
+        return KEY_SEND;
+    case 7:
+        return KEY_BACKSPACE;
+    default:
+        return KEY_NONE;
+    }
+}
+
+uint16_t InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyWidthAt(uint8_t index) const
+{
+    if (index >= KBD_KEY_COUNT)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (mode == MODE_EMOTE)
+        return emoteKeyWidths[index];
+    return typingKeyWidths[index];
+}
+
+std::string InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyLabelAt(uint8_t index) const
+{
+    const int16_t keyCode = getKeyCodeAt(index);
+    if (keyCode == KEY_NONE)
+        return "";
+
+    if (keyCode >= KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE) {
+        const uint8_t slot = (uint8_t)(keyCode - KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE);
+        const uint16_t emoteIndex = emotePage * EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT + slot;
+        if (emoteIndex < fontEmoteCount)
+            return std::string(1, (char)fontEmotes[emoteIndex]);
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    switch (keyCode) {
+    case KEY_BACKSPACE:
+        return "DEL";
+    case KEY_SEND:
+        return "SEND";
+    case KEY_EMOTE_TOGGLE:
+        return std::string(1, (char)0x03); // Smiling face icon from InkHUD emote font map
+    case KEY_PUNCT_TOGGLE:
+        return "!#1";
+    case KEY_ALPHA_TOGGLE:
+        return "ABC";
+    case KEY_EMOTE_UP:
+        return "UP";
+    case KEY_EMOTE_DOWN:
+        return "DN";
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (keyCode >= 0 && keyCode <= 0xFF) {
+        const char c = (char)keyCode;
+        if (c == ' ')
+            return "SPACE";
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+            return std::string(1, (char)std::toupper((unsigned char)c));
+        return std::string(1, c);
+    }
+
+    return "";
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::isKeyEnabledAt(uint8_t index) const
+{
+    return getKeyCodeAt(index) != KEY_NONE;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::normalizeSelection()
+{
+    if (selectedKey >= KBD_KEY_COUNT)
+        selectedKey = 0;
+
+    if (isKeyEnabledAt(selectedKey))
+        return;
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < KBD_KEY_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (isKeyEnabledAt(i)) {
+            selectedKey = i;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::togglePunctuationMode()
+{
+    if (mode == MODE_EMOTE) {
+        mode = lastTypingMode;
+    } else {
+        mode = (mode == MODE_TEXT) ? MODE_PUNCT : MODE_TEXT;
+        lastTypingMode = mode;
+    }
+
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh(true);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::toggleEmoteMode()
+{
+    if (mode == MODE_EMOTE) {
+        mode = lastTypingMode;
+    } else {
+        lastTypingMode = mode;
+        mode = MODE_EMOTE;
+    }
+
+    emotePage = 0;
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh(true);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::pageEmotes(bool down)
+{
+    if (mode != MODE_EMOTE)
+        return;
+
+    const uint8_t maxPage = (fontEmoteCount == 0) ? 0 : (uint8_t)((fontEmoteCount - 1) / EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT);
+
+    if (down) {
+        if (emotePage < maxPage)
+            emotePage++;
+    } else {
+        if (emotePage > 0)
+            emotePage--;
+    }
+
+    normalizeSelection();
+    requestFastKeyboardRefresh(true);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::requestFastKeyboardRefresh(bool full)
+{
+    requestUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST, full);
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::showSelectionHighlight() const
+{
+    // On touch-capable devices, prioritize input throughput over per-key highlight updates.
+    // E-ink refresh can lag rapid taps; skipping highlight avoids update-induced input latency.
+    return !inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider();
 }
 
 uint16_t InkHUD::KeyboardApplet::getKeyboardHeight()
 {
-    const uint16_t keyH = fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.2;
-    return keyH * KBD_ROWS;
+    // Keep touch keys tall and roomy for finger input.
+    // In portrait orientation we increase row height for larger touch targets.
+    const uint16_t rowUnit = fontSmall.lineHeight() + 8;
+    const uint8_t rowScale = usePortraitKeyboardSizing() ? 3 : 2;
+    const uint16_t keyH = rowUnit * rowScale;
+    return (keyH * KBD_ROWS) + (KEY_GAP_Y * (KBD_ROWS + 1));
 }
 #endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ System Applet to render an on-screen keyboard
 #include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h"
 #include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h"
 #include <string>
+
 namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 {
 
@@ -31,34 +32,111 @@ class KeyboardApplet : public SystemApplet
     void onNavDown() override;
     void onNavLeft() override;
     void onNavRight() override;
+    bool onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress) override;
 
     static uint16_t getKeyboardHeight(); // used to set the keyboard tile height
 
   private:
-    void drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, char key, Color color);
+    enum KeyCode : int16_t {
+        KEY_NONE = -1,
+        KEY_BACKSPACE = 256,
+        KEY_SEND,
+        KEY_EMOTE_TOGGLE,
+        KEY_PUNCT_TOGGLE,
+        KEY_ALPHA_TOGGLE,
+        KEY_EMOTE_UP,
+        KEY_EMOTE_DOWN,
+        KEY_EMOTE_SLOT_BASE = 512
+    };
+
+    enum KeyboardMode : uint8_t { MODE_TEXT = 0, MODE_PUNCT = 1, MODE_EMOTE = 2 };
+
+    void drawKey(uint8_t index, bool selected);
+    void drawKeyLabel(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, const std::string &label, Color color);
+    bool getKeyBounds(uint8_t index, uint16_t &left, uint16_t &top, uint16_t &width, uint16_t &height);
+    int16_t getKeyIndexAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
+    void inputSelectedKey(bool longPress);
+    void inputKeyCode(int16_t keyCode, bool longPress);
+    int16_t getKeyCodeAt(uint8_t index) const;
+    uint16_t getKeyWidthAt(uint8_t index) const;
+    std::string getKeyLabelAt(uint8_t index) const;
+    bool isKeyEnabledAt(uint8_t index) const;
+    void normalizeSelection();
+    void togglePunctuationMode();
+    void toggleEmoteMode();
+    void pageEmotes(bool down);
+    void requestFastKeyboardRefresh(bool full = false);
+    bool showSelectionHighlight() const;
 
     static const uint8_t KBD_COLS = 11;
-    static const uint8_t KBD_ROWS = 4;
+    static const uint8_t KBD_ROWS = 5;
+    static const uint8_t KBD_KEY_COUNT = KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS;
+    static const uint8_t EMOTE_SLOT_COUNT = KBD_COLS * (KBD_ROWS - 1); // top 4 rows
+    static constexpr uint8_t fontEmotes[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11,
+                                             0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F};
+    static constexpr uint8_t fontEmoteCount = sizeof(fontEmotes) / sizeof(fontEmotes[0]);
 
-    const char keys[KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS] = {
-        '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '\b',  // row 0
-        'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '\n',  // row 1
-        'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', '!', ' ',   // row 2
-        'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '?', '\x1b' // row 3
-    };
+    // Text keyboard (requested layout):
+    // row 0: 1..0
+    // row 1: q..p
+    // row 2: a..l
+    // row 3: EMO, z..m, DEL
+    // row 4: !#1, comma, space, period, SEND
+    const int16_t textKeys[KBD_KEY_COUNT] = {
+        // row 0
+        '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', KEY_NONE,
+        // row 1
+        'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', KEY_NONE,
+        // row 2
+        'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE,
+        // row 3
+        KEY_EMOTE_TOGGLE, 'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', KEY_BACKSPACE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE,
+        // row 4
+        KEY_PUNCT_TOGGLE, ',', ' ', '.', KEY_SEND, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE};
 
-    // This array represents the widths of each key in points
-    // 16 pt = line height of the text
-    const uint16_t keyWidths[KBD_COLS * KBD_ROWS] = {
-        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 0
-        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 1
-        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 24, // row 2
-        16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 10, 10, 12, 40  // row 3
-    };
+    // Punctuation keyboard (toggle via !#1/ABC)
+    const int16_t punctKeys[KBD_KEY_COUNT] = {
+        // row 0
+        '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', KEY_NONE,
+        // row 1
+        '!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', KEY_NONE,
+        // row 2
+        '-', '_', '=', '+', '[', ']', '{', '}', '/', '?', KEY_NONE,
+        // row 3
+        KEY_EMOTE_TOGGLE, ';', ':', '\'', '"', '<', '>', '\\', KEY_BACKSPACE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE,
+        // row 4
+        KEY_ALPHA_TOGGLE, ',', ' ', '.', KEY_SEND, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE, KEY_NONE};
 
-    uint16_t rowWidths[KBD_ROWS];
-    uint8_t selectedKey = 0; // selected key index
+    const uint16_t typingKeyWidths[KBD_KEY_COUNT] = {// row 0
+                                                     12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0,
+                                                     // row 1
+                                                     12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0,
+                                                     // row 2
+                                                     12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0,
+                                                     // row 3
+                                                     18, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 20, 0, 0,
+                                                     // row 4
+                                                     20, 12, 56, 12, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+    const uint16_t emoteKeyWidths[KBD_KEY_COUNT] = {// row 0
+                                                    12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+                                                    // row 1
+                                                    12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+                                                    // row 2
+                                                    12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+                                                    // row 3
+                                                    12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+                                                    // row 4 controls
+                                                    14, 14, 18, 12, 40, 12, 20, 18, 0, 0, 0};
+
+    uint8_t selectedKey = 0;
     uint8_t prevSelectedKey = 0;
+    uint8_t emotePage = 0;
+    KeyboardMode mode = MODE_TEXT;
+    KeyboardMode lastTypingMode = MODE_TEXT;
+    static constexpr uint8_t KEY_GAP_X = 3;
+    static constexpr uint8_t KEY_GAP_Y = 4;
+    static constexpr uint8_t KEY_RADIUS = 4;
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuAction.h

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ enum MenuAction {
     TOGGLE_CHANNEL_POSITION,
     SET_CHANNEL_PRECISION,
     // Display
+    SET_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT,
     TOGGLE_DISPLAY_UNITS,
     // Network
     TOGGLE_WIFI,
@@ -119,4 +120,4 @@ enum MenuAction {
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "Router.h"
 #include "airtime.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/Utils/FlashData.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/deviceonly.pb.h"
 #include "power.h"
@@ -27,6 +28,16 @@ static constexpr uint8_t MENU_TIMEOUT_SEC = 60; // How many seconds before menu
 // These are offered to users as possible values for settings.recentlyActiveSeconds
 static constexpr uint8_t RECENTS_OPTIONS_MINUTES[] = {2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120};
 
+struct DisplayTimeoutOption {
+    uint32_t seconds;
+    const char *label;
+};
+
+static constexpr DisplayTimeoutOption DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[] = {
+    {0, "Forever"},      {30, "30 secs"},     {60, "1 min"},     {5 * 60, "5 min"},
+    {15 * 60, "15 min"}, {30 * 60, "30 min"}, {60 * 60, "1 hr"},
+};
+
 struct PositionPrecisionOption {
     uint8_t value; // proto value
     const char *metric;
@@ -39,6 +50,77 @@ static constexpr PositionPrecisionOption POSITION_PRECISION_OPTIONS[] = {
     {12, "5.8 km", "3.6 mi"},   {11, "12 km", "7.3 mi"}, {10, "23 km", "15 mi"},
 };
 
+static const char *getDisplayTimeoutLabel(uint32_t timeoutSeconds)
+{
+    constexpr uint8_t optionCount = sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS) / sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[0]);
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < optionCount; i++) {
+        if (DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[i].seconds == timeoutSeconds) {
+            return DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[i].label;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return "Custom";
+}
+
+static bool supportsFreeTextKeyboard(const InkHUD::InkHUD *inkhud, const InkHUD::Persistence::Settings *settings)
+{
+    return !inkhud->twoWayRocker && (settings->joystick.enabled || inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider());
+}
+
+static bool useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(const InkHUD::InkHUD *inkhud)
+{
+    return inkhud != nullptr && inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider();
+}
+
+static uint16_t getMenuItemHeightPx(const InkHUD::InkHUD *inkhud)
+{
+    const bool touchFriendly = useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud);
+    const uint16_t lineH = touchFriendly ? InkHUD::Applet::fontMedium.lineHeight() : InkHUD::Applet::fontSmall.lineHeight();
+    const float rowScale = touchFriendly ? 1.9f : 1.6f;
+    uint16_t itemH = (uint16_t)(lineH * rowScale);
+    if (itemH == 0) {
+        itemH = 1;
+    }
+    return itemH;
+}
+
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+namespace
+{
+static constexpr uint32_t T5_BACKLIGHT_PREFS_VERSION = 1;
+
+struct T5BacklightPrefs {
+    uint32_t version = T5_BACKLIGHT_PREFS_VERSION;
+    bool keepOn = true;
+};
+
+T5BacklightPrefs t5BacklightPrefs;
+bool t5BacklightPrefsLoaded = false;
+
+bool loadT5BacklightKeepOn()
+{
+    if (!t5BacklightPrefsLoaded) {
+        T5BacklightPrefs loaded;
+        const bool ok = FlashData<T5BacklightPrefs>::load(&loaded, "t5_backlight");
+        if (ok && loaded.version == T5_BACKLIGHT_PREFS_VERSION) {
+            t5BacklightPrefs = loaded;
+        }
+        t5BacklightPrefsLoaded = true;
+    }
+
+    return t5BacklightPrefs.keepOn;
+}
+
+void saveT5BacklightKeepOn(bool keepOn)
+{
+    loadT5BacklightKeepOn();
+    t5BacklightPrefs.version = T5_BACKLIGHT_PREFS_VERSION;
+    t5BacklightPrefs.keepOn = keepOn;
+    FlashData<T5BacklightPrefs>::save(&t5BacklightPrefs, "t5_backlight");
+}
+} // namespace
+#endif
+
 InkHUD::MenuApplet::MenuApplet() : concurrency::OSThread("MenuApplet")
 {
     // No timer tasks at boot
@@ -47,7 +129,11 @@ InkHUD::MenuApplet::MenuApplet() : concurrency::OSThread("MenuApplet")
     // Note: don't get instance if we're not actually using the backlight,
     // or else you will unintentionally instantiate it
     if (settings->optionalMenuItems.backlight) {
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+        t5BacklightSetUserEnabled(loadT5BacklightKeepOn());
+#else
         backlight = Drivers::LatchingBacklight::getInstance();
+#endif
     }
 
     // Initialize the Canned Message store
@@ -76,9 +162,11 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onForeground()
     // backlight on always when menu opens.
     // Courtesy to T-Echo users who removed the capacitive touch button
     if (settings->optionalMenuItems.backlight) {
+#if !defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
         assert(backlight);
         if (!backlight->isOn())
             backlight->peek();
+#endif
     }
 
     // Prevent user applets requesting update while menu is open
@@ -106,9 +194,11 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onBackground()
     // Item in options submenu allows keeping backlight on after menu is closed
     // If this item is deselected we will turn backlight off again, now that menu is closing
     if (settings->optionalMenuItems.backlight) {
+#if !defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
         assert(backlight);
         if (!backlight->isLatched())
             backlight->off();
+#endif
     }
 
     // Stop the auto-timeout
@@ -333,17 +423,14 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::execute(MenuItem item)
         handleFreeText = true;
         cm.freeTextItem.rawText.erase(); // clear the previous freetext message
         freeTextMode = true;             // render input field instead of normal menu
-        // Open the on-screen keyboard only for full joystick devices
-        if (settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->twoWayRocker)
+        if (supportsFreeTextKeyboard(inkhud, settings))
             inkhud->openKeyboard();
         break;
 
-    case STORE_CANNEDMESSAGE_SELECTION:
-        if (!settings->joystick.enabled || inkhud->twoWayRocker)
-            cm.selectedMessageItem = &cm.messageItems.at(cursor - 1); // Minus one: offset for the initial "Send Ping" entry
-        else
-            cm.selectedMessageItem = &cm.messageItems.at(cursor - 2); // Minus two: offset for the "Send Ping" and free text entry
-        break;
+    case STORE_CANNEDMESSAGE_SELECTION: {
+        const uint8_t prefixItems = supportsFreeTextKeyboard(inkhud, settings) ? 2 : 1;
+        cm.selectedMessageItem = &cm.messageItems.at(cursor - prefixItems);
+    } break;
 
     case SEND_CANNEDMESSAGE:
         cm.selectedRecipientItem = &cm.recipientItems.at(cursor);
@@ -422,14 +509,27 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::execute(MenuItem item)
         break;
 
     case TOGGLE_BACKLIGHT:
-        // Note: backlight is already on in this situation
-        // We're marking that it should *remain* on once menu closes
-        assert(backlight);
+        // Note: backlight is already on in this situation.
+        // This toggle controls whether it should remain on when menu closes.
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+    {
+        const bool keepOn = !t5BacklightIsUserEnabled();
+        t5BacklightSetUserEnabled(keepOn);
+        saveT5BacklightKeepOn(keepOn);
+        if (item.checkState)
+            *(item.checkState) = keepOn;
+    }
+#else
+        if (!backlight)
+            backlight = Drivers::LatchingBacklight::getInstance();
         if (backlight->isLatched())
             backlight->off();
         else
             backlight->latch();
-        break;
+        if (item.checkState)
+            *(item.checkState) = backlight->isLatched();
+#endif
+    break;
 
     case TOGGLE_12H_CLOCK:
         config.display.use_12h_clock = !config.display.use_12h_clock;
@@ -527,6 +627,17 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::execute(MenuItem item)
     }
 
     // Display
+    case SET_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT: {
+        // cursor - 1 because index 0 is "Back"
+        const uint8_t index = cursor - 1;
+        constexpr uint8_t optionCount = sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS) / sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[0]);
+        if (index < optionCount) {
+            config.display.screen_on_secs = DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[index].seconds;
+            nodeDB->saveToDisk(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
     case TOGGLE_DISPLAY_UNITS:
         if (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL)
             config.display.units = meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_METRIC;
@@ -893,11 +1004,16 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::showPage(MenuPage page)
         previousPage = MenuPage::ROOT;
         items.push_back(MenuItem("Back", previousPage));
         // Optional: backlight
-        if (settings->optionalMenuItems.backlight)
-            items.push_back(MenuItem(backlight->isLatched() ? "Backlight Off" : "Keep Backlight On", // Label
-                                     MenuAction::TOGGLE_BACKLIGHT,                                   // Action
-                                     MenuPage::EXIT                                                  // Exit once complete
-                                     ));
+        if (settings->optionalMenuItems.backlight) {
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+            keepBacklightOn = t5BacklightIsUserEnabled();
+#else
+            if (!backlight)
+                backlight = Drivers::LatchingBacklight::getInstance();
+            keepBacklightOn = backlight->isLatched();
+#endif
+            items.push_back(MenuItem("Keep Backlight On", MenuAction::TOGGLE_BACKLIGHT, MenuPage::OPTIONS, &keepBacklightOn));
+        }
 
         // Options Toggles
         items.push_back(MenuItem("Applets", MenuPage::APPLETS));
@@ -1109,6 +1225,9 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::showPage(MenuPage page)
         items.push_back(MenuItem("12-Hour Clock", MenuAction::TOGGLE_12H_CLOCK, MenuPage::NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY,
                                  &config.display.use_12h_clock));
 
+        nodeConfigLabels.emplace_back("Screen Timeout: " + std::string(getDisplayTimeoutLabel(config.display.screen_on_secs)));
+        items.push_back(MenuItem(nodeConfigLabels.back().c_str(), MenuAction::NO_ACTION, MenuPage::NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT));
+
         const char *unitsLabel =
             (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) ? "Units: Imperial" : "Units: Metric";
 
@@ -1118,6 +1237,13 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::showPage(MenuPage page)
         break;
     }
 
+    case NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT:
+        previousPage = MenuPage::NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY;
+        items.push_back(MenuItem("Back", previousPage));
+        populateDisplayTimeoutPage();
+        items.push_back(MenuItem("Exit", MenuPage::EXIT));
+        break;
+
     case NODE_CONFIG_BLUETOOTH: {
         previousPage = MenuPage::NODE_CONFIG;
         items.push_back(MenuItem("Back", previousPage));
@@ -1386,10 +1512,14 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
     if (items.size() == 0)
         LOG_ERROR("Empty Menu");
 
+    const bool touchFriendlyLayout = useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud);
+    AppletFont menuItemFont = touchFriendlyLayout ? fontMedium : fontSmall;
+    setFont(menuItemFont);
+
     // Dimensions for the slots where we will draw menuItems
     const float padding = 0.05;
-    const uint16_t itemH = fontSmall.lineHeight() * 1.6;
-    const int16_t selectInsetY = 2;
+    const uint16_t itemH = getMenuItemHeightPx(inkhud);
+    const int16_t selectInsetY = touchFriendlyLayout ? 3 : 2;
     const int16_t itemW = width() - X(padding) - X(padding);
     const int16_t itemL = X(padding);
     const int16_t itemR = X(1 - padding);
@@ -1422,6 +1552,11 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
         itemT = max(siT + siH, 0);            // Offset the first menu entry, so menu starts below the system info panel
     }
 
+    // drawSystemInfoPanel() changes font state (clock/info text).
+    // Restore the active menu font so ROOT page item text matches other menu pages,
+    // including touch-friendly layouts.
+    setFont(menuItemFont);
+
     // Draw menu items
     // ===================
 
@@ -1449,8 +1584,6 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
 
         // Header (non-selectable section label)
         if (item.isHeader) {
-            setFont(fontSmall);
-
             // Header text (flush left)
             printAt(itemL + X(padding), center, item.label, LEFT, MIDDLE);
 
@@ -1459,8 +1592,17 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
             drawLine(itemL + X(padding), underlineY, itemR - X(padding), underlineY, BLACK);
         } else {
             // Box, if currently selected
-            if (cursorShown && i == cursor)
-                drawRect(itemL, itemT + selectInsetY, itemW, itemH - (selectInsetY * 2), BLACK);
+            if (cursorShown && i == cursor && (!touchFriendlyLayout || !hideTouchSelectionHighlight)) {
+                const int16_t selTop = itemT + selectInsetY;
+                const int16_t selH = itemH - (selectInsetY * 2);
+                drawRect(itemL, selTop, itemW, selH, BLACK);
+                // Touch layouts need a stronger visual cue than a thin outline.
+                if (touchFriendlyLayout) {
+                    const int16_t markerInset = 3;
+                    const int16_t markerW = 4;
+                    fillRect(itemL + markerInset, selTop + markerInset, markerW, max(1, selH - (markerInset * 2)), BLACK);
+                }
+            }
 
             // Indented normal item text
             printAt(itemL + X(padding * 2), center, item.label, LEFT, MIDDLE);
@@ -1468,9 +1610,9 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
 
         // Checkbox, if relevant
         if (item.checkState) {
-            const uint16_t cbWH = fontSmall.lineHeight();  // Checkbox: width / height
-            const int16_t cbL = itemR - X(padding) - cbWH; // Checkbox: left
-            const int16_t cbT = center - (cbWH / 2);       // Checkbox : top
+            const uint16_t cbWH = menuItemFont.lineHeight(); // Checkbox: width / height
+            const int16_t cbL = itemR - X(padding) - cbWH;   // Checkbox: left
+            const int16_t cbT = center - (cbWH / 2);         // Checkbox : top
             // Checkbox ticked
             if (*(item.checkState)) {
                 drawRect(cbL, cbT, cbWH, cbWH, BLACK);
@@ -1499,13 +1641,102 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onRender(bool full)
     }
 }
 
+bool InkHUD::MenuApplet::onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress)
+{
+    (void)longPress;
+
+    if (freeTextMode || !getTile()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const uint16_t tileL = getTile()->getLeft();
+    const uint16_t tileT = getTile()->getTop();
+    const uint16_t tileR = tileL + getTile()->getWidth();
+    const uint16_t tileB = tileT + getTile()->getHeight();
+    if (x < tileL || x >= tileR || y < tileT || y >= tileB) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (items.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Direct touch controls should act as activity and keep the menu open.
+    OSThread::setIntervalFromNow(MENU_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000UL);
+
+    // If button-driven selection is active on touch-first layouts, clear it as soon as
+    // touch interaction resumes so touch behavior remains direct/tap-first.
+    if (useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud)) {
+        cursorShown = false;
+        hideTouchSelectionHighlight = true;
+    }
+
+    const int16_t localY = (int16_t)y - (int16_t)tileT;
+
+    // Keep geometry in sync with onRender() so touch hit-testing matches what users see.
+    const uint16_t itemH = getMenuItemHeightPx(inkhud);
+    int16_t itemT = 0;
+    uint8_t slotCount = (height() - itemT) / itemH;
+    if (slotCount == 0) {
+        slotCount = 1;
+    }
+    const uint16_t &siH = systemInfoPanelHeight;
+    const uint8_t slotsObscured = ceilf(siH / (float)itemH);
+
+    if (currentPage == ROOT) {
+        int16_t siT = 0;
+        const int16_t scrollThreshold = (int16_t)slotCount - (int16_t)slotsObscured - 1;
+        if (scrollThreshold >= 0 && (int16_t)cursor >= scrollThreshold) {
+            siT = 0 - ((cursor - scrollThreshold) * itemH);
+        }
+        itemT = max((int16_t)(siT + siH), (int16_t)0);
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t firstItem = (cursor < slotCount) ? 0 : (cursor - (slotCount - 1));
+    uint16_t visibleEnd = (uint16_t)firstItem + (uint16_t)slotCount;
+    const uint8_t maxIndex = (uint8_t)items.size() - 1;
+    if (visibleEnd > maxIndex) {
+        visibleEnd = maxIndex;
+    }
+    const uint8_t lastItem = (uint8_t)visibleEnd;
+
+    for (uint8_t i = firstItem; i <= lastItem; i++) {
+        const int16_t rowTop = itemT;
+        const int16_t rowBottom = itemT + itemH;
+
+        if (localY >= rowTop && localY < rowBottom) {
+            if (items.at(i).isHeader) {
+                // Consume taps on headers so they don't fall back to button semantics.
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            cursor = i;
+            cursorShown = true;
+            execute(items.at(cursor));
+
+            if (!wantsToRender()) {
+                requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        itemT += itemH;
+    }
+
+    // Consume taps on menu whitespace so we don't trigger button-like fallback behavior.
+    return true;
+}
+
 void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onButtonShortPress()
 {
     if (!freeTextMode) {
         // Push the auto-close timer back
         OSThread::setIntervalFromNow(MENU_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000UL);
 
-        if (!settings->joystick.enabled) {
+        // Touch-first nodes keep user-button short-press as "advance selection" in menus.
+        // Any button-driven navigation should restore visible highlight.
+        hideTouchSelectionHighlight = false;
+        if (!settings->joystick.enabled || useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud)) {
             if (!cursorShown) {
                 cursorShown = true;
                 // Select the first item that isn't a header
@@ -1566,6 +1797,32 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onNavUp()
     if (!freeTextMode) {
         OSThread::setIntervalFromNow(MENU_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000UL);
 
+        // Touch-first menus: swipe up/down should scroll only.
+        // Keep cursor movement for scroll math, but selection box is hidden in onRender().
+        if (useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud)) {
+            hideTouchSelectionHighlight = true;
+            if (!cursorShown) {
+                cursorShown = true;
+                cursor = items.size() - 1;
+                while (items.at(cursor).isHeader) {
+                    if (cursor == 0) {
+                        cursorShown = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    cursor--;
+                }
+            } else {
+                do {
+                    if (cursor == 0)
+                        cursor = items.size() - 1;
+                    else
+                        cursor--;
+                } while (items.at(cursor).isHeader);
+            }
+            requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!cursorShown) {
             cursorShown = true;
             // Select the last item that isn't a header
@@ -1595,6 +1852,29 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::onNavDown()
     if (!freeTextMode) {
         OSThread::setIntervalFromNow(MENU_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000UL);
 
+        // Touch-first menus: swipe up/down should scroll only.
+        // Keep cursor movement for scroll math, but selection box is hidden in onRender().
+        if (useTouchFriendlyMenuLayout(inkhud)) {
+            hideTouchSelectionHighlight = true;
+            if (!cursorShown) {
+                cursorShown = true;
+                cursor = 0;
+                while (cursor < items.size() && items.at(cursor).isHeader) {
+                    cursor++;
+                }
+                if (cursor >= items.size()) {
+                    cursorShown = false;
+                    cursor = 0;
+                }
+            } else {
+                do {
+                    cursor = (cursor + 1) % items.size();
+                } while (items.at(cursor).isHeader);
+            }
+            requestUpdate(Drivers::EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!cursorShown) {
             cursorShown = true;
             // Select the first item that isn't a header
@@ -1727,6 +2007,17 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::populateRecentsPage()
     }
 }
 
+void InkHUD::MenuApplet::populateDisplayTimeoutPage()
+{
+    constexpr uint8_t optionCount = sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS) / sizeof(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[0]);
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < optionCount; i++) {
+        displayTimeoutSelected[i] = (config.display.screen_on_secs == DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[i].seconds);
+        nodeConfigLabels.emplace_back(DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_OPTIONS[i].label);
+        items.push_back(MenuItem(nodeConfigLabels.back().c_str(), MenuAction::SET_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT, MenuPage::NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY,
+                                 &displayTimeoutSelected[i]));
+    }
+}
+
 // MenuItem entries for the "send" page
 // Dynamically creates menu items based on available canned messages
 void InkHUD::MenuApplet::populateSendPage()
@@ -1734,8 +2025,8 @@ void InkHUD::MenuApplet::populateSendPage()
     // Position / NodeInfo packet
     items.push_back(MenuItem("Ping", MenuAction::SEND_PING, MenuPage::EXIT));
 
-    // If joystick is available, include the Free Text option
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->twoWayRocker)
+    // Show the Free Text option on any node that supports the on-screen keyboard.
+    if (supportsFreeTextKeyboard(inkhud, settings))
         items.push_back(MenuItem("Free Text", MenuAction::FREE_TEXT, MenuPage::SEND));
 
     // One menu item for each canned message

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     void onFreeText(char c) override;
     void onFreeTextDone() override;
     void onFreeTextCancel() override;
+    bool onTouchPoint(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress) override;
     void onRender(bool full) override;
 
     void show(Tile *t); // Open the menu, onto a user tile
@@ -48,11 +49,12 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     void execute(MenuItem item);  // Perform the MenuAction associated with a MenuItem, if any
     void showPage(MenuPage page); // Load and display a MenuPage
 
-    void populateSendPage();      // Dynamically create MenuItems including canned messages
-    void populateRecipientPage(); // Dynamically create a page of possible destinations for a canned message
-    void populateAppletPage();    // Dynamically create MenuItems for toggling loaded applets
-    void populateAutoshowPage();  // Dynamically create MenuItems for selecting which applets can autoshow
-    void populateRecentsPage();   // Create menu items: a choice of values for settings.recentlyActiveSeconds
+    void populateSendPage();           // Dynamically create MenuItems including canned messages
+    void populateRecipientPage();      // Dynamically create a page of possible destinations for a canned message
+    void populateAppletPage();         // Dynamically create MenuItems for toggling loaded applets
+    void populateAutoshowPage();       // Dynamically create MenuItems for selecting which applets can autoshow
+    void populateRecentsPage();        // Create menu items: a choice of values for settings.recentlyActiveSeconds
+    void populateDisplayTimeoutPage(); // Create menu items for config.display.screen_on_secs
 
     void drawInputField(uint16_t left, uint16_t top, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
                         const std::string &text); // Draw input field for free text
@@ -65,8 +67,9 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     MenuPage startPageOverride = MenuPage::ROOT;
     MenuPage currentPage = MenuPage::ROOT;
     MenuPage previousPage = MenuPage::EXIT;
-    uint8_t cursor = 0;       // Which menu item is currently highlighted
-    bool cursorShown = false; // Is *any* item highlighted? (Root menu: no initial selection)
+    uint8_t cursor = 0;                       // Which menu item is currently highlighted
+    bool cursorShown = false;                 // Is *any* item highlighted? (Root menu: no initial selection)
+    bool hideTouchSelectionHighlight = false; // Touch scrolling keeps cursor for paging math, but can hide highlight
     bool freeTextMode = false;
     uint16_t systemInfoPanelHeight = 0; // Need to know before we render
     uint16_t menuTextLimit = 200;
@@ -80,6 +83,8 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
     // Recents menu checkbox state (derived from settings.recentlyActiveSeconds)
     static constexpr uint8_t RECENTS_COUNT = 6;
     bool recentsSelected[RECENTS_COUNT] = {};
+    static constexpr uint8_t DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_COUNT = 7;
+    bool displayTimeoutSelected[DISPLAY_TIMEOUT_COUNT] = {};
 
     // Data for selecting and sending canned messages via the menu
     // Placed into a sub-class for organization only
@@ -116,7 +121,8 @@ class MenuApplet : public SystemApplet, public concurrency::OSThread
 
     Applet *borrowedTileOwner = nullptr; // Which applet we have temporarily replaced while displaying menu
 
-    bool invertedColors = false; // Helper to display current state of config.display.displaymode in InkHUD options
+    bool invertedColors = false;  // Helper to display current state of config.display.displaymode in InkHUD options
+    bool keepBacklightOn = false; // Helper to display current backlight latch state in InkHUD options
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Menu/MenuPage.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ enum MenuPage : uint8_t {
     NODE_CONFIG_POWER_ADC_CAL,
     NODE_CONFIG_NETWORK,
     NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY,
+    NODE_CONFIG_DISPLAY_TIMEOUT,
     NODE_CONFIG_BLUETOOTH,
     NODE_CONFIG_POSITION,
     NODE_CONFIG_ADMIN_RESET,
@@ -45,4 +46,4 @@ enum MenuPage : uint8_t {
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Notification/TouchStatusApplet.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+
+#include "./TouchStatusApplet.h"
+
+using namespace NicheGraphics;
+
+InkHUD::TouchStatusApplet::TouchStatusApplet()
+{
+    alwaysRender = true;
+}
+
+void InkHUD::TouchStatusApplet::onRender(bool full)
+{
+    (void)full;
+
+    if (inkhud->isTouchEnabled()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    setFont(fontSmall);
+
+    const uint16_t barH = fontSmall.lineHeight() + 4;
+    const int16_t top = height() - barH;
+
+    fillRect(0, top, width(), barH, WHITE);
+    drawLine(0, top, width() - 1, top, BLACK);
+    printAt(width() / 2, top + (barH / 2), "TOUCH OFF", CENTER, MIDDLE);
+}
+
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Notification/TouchStatusApplet.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_INKHUD
+
+/*
+
+    Low-profile bottom-edge touch status indicator.
+    Shown only while touch input is disabled.
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h"
+
+namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+{
+
+class TouchStatusApplet : public SystemApplet
+{
+  public:
+    TouchStatusApplet();
+
+    void onRender(bool full) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
+
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Tips/TipsApplet.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ InkHUD::TipsApplet::TipsApplet()
 
 void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
 {
+    const char *continuePrompt =
+        (inkhud && inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) ? "Tap screen to continue" : "Press button to continue";
+
     switch (tipQueue.front()) {
     case Tip::WELCOME:
         renderWelcome();
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
         cursorY += fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2;
         drawBullet("More info at meshtastic.org");
 
-        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), continuePrompt, LEFT, BOTTOM);
     } break;
 
     case Tip::PICK_REGION: {
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
         printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), body);
         cursorY += bodyH + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2);
 
-        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), continuePrompt, LEFT, BOTTOM);
     } break;
 
     case Tip::CUSTOMIZATION: {
@@ -129,10 +132,13 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
         printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), body);
         cursorY += bodyH + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 2);
 
-        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), continuePrompt, LEFT, BOTTOM);
     } break;
 
     case Tip::BUTTONS: {
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+        renderT5S3ButtonsTip();
+#else
         setFont(fontMedium);
 
         const char *title = "Tip: Buttons";
@@ -164,7 +170,8 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
             drawBullet("- press: switch tile or close menu");
         }
 
-        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), continuePrompt, LEFT, BOTTOM);
+#endif
     } break;
 
     case Tip::ROTATION: {
@@ -189,7 +196,7 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
                          "To rotate the display, use the InkHUD menu. Press the user button > Options > Rotate.");
         }
 
-        printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Press button to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+        printAt(0, Y(1.0), continuePrompt, LEFT, BOTTOM);
 
         // Revert the "flip screen" setting, preventing this message showing again
         config.display.flip_screen = false;
@@ -198,6 +205,42 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onRender(bool full)
     }
 }
 
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderT5S3ButtonsTip()
+{
+    setFont(fontMedium);
+
+    const char *title = "Tip: T5-S3 Buttons";
+    uint16_t h = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), title);
+    printWrapped(0, 0, width(), title);
+
+    setFont(fontSmall);
+    int16_t cursorY = h + fontSmall.lineHeight();
+
+    auto drawBullet = [&](const char *text) {
+        uint16_t bh = getWrappedTextHeight(0, width(), text);
+        printWrapped(0, cursorY, width(), text);
+        cursorY += bh + (fontSmall.lineHeight() / 3);
+    };
+
+    drawBullet("BOOT button");
+    drawBullet("- short press: next");
+    drawBullet("- long press: open menu or select");
+
+    drawBullet("IO48 button");
+    drawBullet("- short press: toggle touch on/off");
+    drawBullet("- long press: toggle backlight on/off");
+
+    drawBullet("PWR button");
+    drawBullet("- Hold Press to wake after Shutdown");
+
+    drawBullet("HOME button");
+    drawBullet("- press: back/exit in InkHUD and open App switcher");
+
+    printAt(0, Y(1.0), "Tap screen to continue", LEFT, BOTTOM);
+}
+#endif
+
 // This tip has its own render method, only because it's a big block of code
 // Didn't want to clutter up the switch in onRender too much
 void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderWelcome()
@@ -244,7 +287,9 @@ void InkHUD::TipsApplet::renderWelcome()
 
     // Block 3 - press to continue
     // ============================
-    printAt(X(0.5), Y(1), "Press button to continue", CENTER, BOTTOM);
+    const char *continuePrompt =
+        (inkhud && inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) ? "Tap screen to continue" : "Press button to continue";
+    printAt(X(0.5), Y(1), continuePrompt, CENTER, BOTTOM);
 }
 
 void InkHUD::TipsApplet::onForeground()

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Applets/System/Tips/TipsApplet.h

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ class TipsApplet : public SystemApplet
 
   protected:
     void renderWelcome(); // Very first screen of tutorial
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+    void renderT5S3ButtonsTip();
+#endif
 
     std::deque<Tip> tipQueue; // List of tips to show, one after another
 
@@ -49,4 +52,4 @@ class TipsApplet : public SystemApplet
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Events.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "./Events.h"
 
+#include "PowerFSM.h"
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "buzz.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,19 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
+namespace
+{
+// When touch long-press opens menu, some panels report a delayed release/tap
+// if the finger stays down briefly. Keep this long enough to cover that release.
+constexpr uint32_t TOUCH_MENU_OPEN_TAP_SUPPRESS_MS = 1200;
+
+inline void noteInkHUDUserInteraction()
+{
+    // Keep power state and screen-timeout behavior in sync with InkHUD input activity.
+    powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_INPUT);
+}
+} // namespace
+
 InkHUD::Events::Events()
 {
     // Get convenient references
@@ -38,6 +52,8 @@ void InkHUD::Events::begin()
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onButtonShort()
 {
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
     // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
     // Short tone
     playChirp();
@@ -74,6 +90,8 @@ void InkHUD::Events::onButtonShort()
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onButtonLong()
 {
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
     // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
     // Slightly longer than playChirp
     playBoop();
@@ -102,193 +120,295 @@ void InkHUD::Events::onButtonLong()
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onExitShort()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Short tone
-        playChirp();
-        // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
-        // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
-        bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+    // Preserve legacy behavior on non-touch builds:
+    // EXIT input is only active when joystick mode is enabled.
+    // Touch-capable builds intentionally bypass this joystick gate.
+    if (!settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Short tone
+    playChirp();
+    // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
+    // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification module (see below)
+    bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
         }
+    }
 
-        // If no system applet is handling input, default behavior instead is change tiles
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onExitShort();
-        else if (!dismissedExt) { // Don't change tile if this button press silenced the external notification module
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+    // Always let active system applets consume EXIT/HOME input (menu close, keyboard cancel, etc),
+    // including on touch-first nodes where joystick mode is disabled.
+    if (consumer) {
+        consumer->onExitShort();
+        return;
+    }
 
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::EXIT_SHORT))
-                userConsumer->onExitShort();
-            else
-                inkhud->nextTile();
+    // Touch-capable InkHUD nodes use EXIT/HOME as a quick app switcher launcher.
+    if (!dismissedExt && inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) {
+        inkhud->openAppSwitcher();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!dismissedExt) {
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::EXIT_SHORT)) {
+            userConsumer->onExitShort();
+        } else if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
+            // Preserve existing joystick behavior when no applet handles EXIT.
+            inkhud->nextTile();
         }
     }
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onExitLong()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Slightly longer than playChirp
-        playBoop();
+    // Preserve legacy behavior on non-touch builds:
+    // EXIT input is only active when joystick mode is enabled.
+    // Touch-capable builds intentionally bypass this joystick gate.
+    if (!settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Slightly longer than playChirp
+    playBoop();
+
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
         }
+    }
 
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onExitLong();
-        else {
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+    // Always allow system applets to consume EXIT/HOME long-press.
+    if (consumer) {
+        consumer->onExitLong();
+    } else {
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
 
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::EXIT_LONG))
-                userConsumer->onExitLong();
-            // Nothing uses exit long yet
-        }
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::EXIT_LONG))
+            userConsumer->onExitLong();
+        // Nothing uses exit long yet
     }
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onNavUp()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Short tone
-        playChirp();
-        // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
-        // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
-        bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
-
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onNavUp();
-        else if (!dismissedExt) {
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
-
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_UP))
-                userConsumer->onNavUp();
-        }
-    }
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+        onTouchNavUp();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onNavDown()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Short tone
-        playChirp();
-        // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
-        // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
-        bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
-
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onNavDown();
-        else if (!dismissedExt) {
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
-
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_DOWN))
-                userConsumer->onNavDown();
-        }
-    }
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+        onTouchNavDown();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onNavLeft()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Short tone
-        playChirp();
-        // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
-        // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
-        bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
-
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If no system applet is handling input, default behavior instead is to cycle applets
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onNavLeft();
-        else if (!dismissedExt) { // Don't change applet if this button press silenced the external notification module
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
-
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_LEFT))
-                userConsumer->onNavLeft();
-            else
-                inkhud->prevApplet();
-        }
-    }
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+        onTouchNavLeft();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onNavRight()
 {
-    if (settings->joystick.enabled) {
-        // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
-        // Short tone
-        playChirp();
-        // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
-        // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
-        bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+    if (settings->joystick.enabled)
+        onTouchNavRight();
+}
 
-        // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
-        SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
-        for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
-            if (sa->handleInput) {
-                consumer = sa;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+void InkHUD::Events::onTouchNavUp()
+{
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
 
-        // If no system applet is handling input, default behavior instead is to cycle applets
-        if (consumer)
-            consumer->onNavRight();
-        else if (!dismissedExt) { // Don't change applet if this button press silenced the external notification module
-            Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Short tone
+    playChirp();
+    // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
+    // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
+    bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
 
-            if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_RIGHT))
-                userConsumer->onNavRight();
-            else
-                inkhud->nextApplet();
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
         }
     }
+
+    if (consumer)
+        consumer->onNavUp();
+    else if (!dismissedExt) {
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_UP))
+            userConsumer->onNavUp();
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onTouchNavDown()
+{
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Short tone
+    playChirp();
+    // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
+    // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
+    bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (consumer)
+        consumer->onNavDown();
+    else if (!dismissedExt) {
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_DOWN))
+            userConsumer->onNavDown();
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onTouchNavLeft()
+{
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Short tone
+    playChirp();
+    // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
+    // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
+    bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If no system applet is handling input, default behavior instead is to cycle applets
+    if (consumer)
+        consumer->onNavLeft();
+    else if (!dismissedExt) { // Don't change applet if this button press silenced the external notification module
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_LEFT))
+            userConsumer->onNavLeft();
+        else
+            inkhud->prevApplet();
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onTouchNavRight()
+{
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
+    // Audio feedback (via buzzer)
+    // Short tone
+    playChirp();
+    // Cancel any beeping, buzzing, blinking
+    // Some button handling suppressed if we are dismissing an external notification (see below)
+    bool dismissedExt = dismissExternalNotification();
+
+    // Check which system applet wants to handle the button press (if any)
+    SystemApplet *consumer = nullptr;
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput) {
+            consumer = sa;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If no system applet is handling input, default behavior instead is to cycle applets
+    if (consumer)
+        consumer->onNavRight();
+    else if (!dismissedExt) { // Don't change applet if this button press silenced the external notification module
+        Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+
+        if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->isInputSubscribed(Applet::NAV_RIGHT))
+            userConsumer->onNavRight();
+        else
+            inkhud->nextApplet();
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::Events::onTouchTap(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress)
+{
+    const bool touchEnabledBuild = inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider();
+
+    // A long-press used to open the menu can be followed by a synthetic/queued tap at release.
+    // Ignore that brief follow-up window so touch-opened menus do not auto-select an item.
+    if (touchEnabledBuild && !longPress && suppressTouchTapUntilMs != 0) {
+        if ((int32_t)(millis() - suppressTouchTapUntilMs) < 0) {
+            noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+            return;
+        }
+        suppressTouchTapUntilMs = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Give system applets (menu, keyboard, etc) first chance to consume direct touch input.
+    for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (sa->handleInput && sa->onTouchPoint(x, y, longPress)) {
+            noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // In split layouts, tapping a different tile changes focus.
+    // Consume this tap so selection does not also trigger button fallback behavior.
+    if (inkhud->selectTileAt(x, y)) {
+        noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Allow foreground user applet to consume direct touch input if it wants.
+    Applet *userConsumer = inkhud->getActiveApplet();
+    if (userConsumer != nullptr && userConsumer->onTouchPoint(x, y, longPress)) {
+        noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to existing button semantics so non-touch-aware applets keep working unchanged.
+    if (longPress) {
+        onButtonLong();
+
+        // Only arm suppression if the long-press actually opened menu foreground.
+        SystemApplet *menu = inkhud->getSystemApplet("Menu");
+        if (touchEnabledBuild && menu && menu->isForeground()) {
+            suppressTouchTapUntilMs = millis() + TOUCH_MENU_OPEN_TAP_SUPPRESS_MS;
+        }
+    } else
+        onButtonShort();
 }
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onFreeText(char c)
 {
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
     // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle the new character
     for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
         if (sa->handleFreeText) {
@@ -300,6 +420,8 @@ void InkHUD::Events::onFreeText(char c)
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onFreeTextDone()
 {
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
     // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle it
     for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
         if (sa->handleFreeText) {
@@ -311,6 +433,8 @@ void InkHUD::Events::onFreeTextDone()
 
 void InkHUD::Events::onFreeTextCancel()
 {
+    noteInkHUDUserInteraction();
+
     // Trigger the first system applet that wants to handle it
     for (SystemApplet *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
         if (sa->handleFreeText) {
@@ -487,4 +611,4 @@ bool InkHUD::Events::dismissExternalNotification()
     return true;
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Events.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ however this class handles general events which concern InkHUD as a whole, e.g.
 
 #include "./InkHUD.h"
 #include "./Persistence.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 {
@@ -30,12 +31,17 @@ class Events
     void onButtonShort(); // User button: short press
     void onButtonLong();  // User button: long press
     void applyingChanges();
-    void onExitShort(); // Exit button: short press
-    void onExitLong();  // Exit button: long press
-    void onNavUp();     // Navigate up
-    void onNavDown();   // Navigate down
-    void onNavLeft();   // Navigate left
-    void onNavRight();  // Navigate right
+    void onExitShort();                                      // Exit button: short press
+    void onExitLong();                                       // Exit button: long press
+    void onNavUp();                                          // Navigate up
+    void onNavDown();                                        // Navigate down
+    void onNavLeft();                                        // Navigate left
+    void onNavRight();                                       // Navigate right
+    void onTouchNavUp();                                     // Navigate up from touch input
+    void onTouchNavDown();                                   // Navigate down from touch input
+    void onTouchNavLeft();                                   // Navigate left from touch input
+    void onTouchNavRight();                                  // Navigate right from touch input
+    void onTouchTap(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool longPress); // Touch tap/long-press with coordinates
 
     // Free text typing events
     void onFreeText(char c); // New freetext character input
@@ -79,8 +85,11 @@ class Events
 
     // If set, InkHUD's data will be erased during onReboot
     bool eraseOnReboot = false;
+
+    // Suppress follow-up tap generated immediately after a touch long-press opens menu.
+    uint32_t suppressTouchTapUntilMs = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.cpp

@@ -73,6 +73,24 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::begin()
     // LogoApplet shows boot screen here
 }
 
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::setTouchEnabledProvider(TouchEnabledProvider provider)
+{
+    touchEnabledProvider = provider;
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::InkHUD::hasTouchEnabledProvider() const
+{
+    return touchEnabledProvider != nullptr;
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::InkHUD::isTouchEnabled() const
+{
+    if (!touchEnabledProvider)
+        return true;
+
+    return touchEnabledProvider();
+}
+
 // Call this when your user button gets a short press
 // Should be connected to an input source in nicheGraphics.h (NicheGraphics::Inputs::TwoButton?)
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::shortpress()
@@ -175,6 +193,92 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::navRight()
     }
 }
 
+// Call this when touch input needs joystick-like up navigation independent of joystick-enabled mode
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchNavUp()
+{
+    switch ((persistence->settings.rotation + persistence->settings.joystick.alignment) % 4) {
+    case 1: // 90 deg
+        events->onTouchNavLeft();
+        break;
+    case 2: // 180 deg
+        events->onTouchNavDown();
+        break;
+    case 3: // 270 deg
+        events->onTouchNavRight();
+        break;
+    default: // 0 deg
+        events->onTouchNavUp();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Call this when touch input needs joystick-like down navigation independent of joystick-enabled mode
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchNavDown()
+{
+    switch ((persistence->settings.rotation + persistence->settings.joystick.alignment) % 4) {
+    case 1: // 90 deg
+        events->onTouchNavRight();
+        break;
+    case 2: // 180 deg
+        events->onTouchNavUp();
+        break;
+    case 3: // 270 deg
+        events->onTouchNavLeft();
+        break;
+    default: // 0 deg
+        events->onTouchNavDown();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Call this when touch input needs joystick-like left navigation independent of joystick-enabled mode
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchNavLeft()
+{
+    switch ((persistence->settings.rotation + persistence->settings.joystick.alignment) % 4) {
+    case 1: // 90 deg
+        events->onTouchNavDown();
+        break;
+    case 2: // 180 deg
+        events->onTouchNavRight();
+        break;
+    case 3: // 270 deg
+        events->onTouchNavUp();
+        break;
+    default: // 0 deg
+        events->onTouchNavLeft();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Call this when touch input needs joystick-like right navigation independent of joystick-enabled mode
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchNavRight()
+{
+    switch ((persistence->settings.rotation + persistence->settings.joystick.alignment) % 4) {
+    case 1: // 90 deg
+        events->onTouchNavUp();
+        break;
+    case 2: // 180 deg
+        events->onTouchNavLeft();
+        break;
+    case 3: // 270 deg
+        events->onTouchNavDown();
+        break;
+    default: // 0 deg
+        events->onTouchNavRight();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchTap(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    events->onTouchTap(x, y, false);
+}
+
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::touchLongPress(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    events->onTouchTap(x, y, true);
+}
+
 // Call this for keyboard input
 // The Keyboard Applet also calls this
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::freeText(char c)
@@ -223,6 +327,12 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::openMenu()
     windowManager->openMenu();
 }
 
+// Show touch-friendly app switcher (on the focused tile)
+void InkHUD::InkHUD::openAppSwitcher()
+{
+    windowManager->openAppSwitcher();
+}
+
 // Bring AlignStick applet to the foreground
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::openAlignStick()
 {
@@ -255,6 +365,16 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::prevTile()
     windowManager->prevTile();
 }
 
+bool InkHUD::InkHUD::showApplet(uint8_t appletIndex)
+{
+    return windowManager->showApplet(appletIndex);
+}
+
+bool InkHUD::InkHUD::selectTileAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    return windowManager->selectTileAt(x, y);
+}
+
 // Rotate the display image by 90 degrees
 void InkHUD::InkHUD::rotate()
 {
@@ -376,4 +496,4 @@ void InkHUD::InkHUD::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, Color c)
     renderer->handlePixel(x, y, c);
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class WindowManager;
 class InkHUD
 {
   public:
+    using TouchEnabledProvider = bool (*)();
+
     static InkHUD *getInstance(); // Access to this singleton class
 
     // Configuration
@@ -51,6 +53,11 @@ class InkHUD
 
     void begin();
 
+    // Optional touch-state provider for reusable touch status indicators.
+    void setTouchEnabledProvider(TouchEnabledProvider provider);
+    bool hasTouchEnabledProvider() const;
+    bool isTouchEnabled() const;
+
     // Handle user-button press
     // - connected to an input source, in variant nicheGraphics.h
 
@@ -62,6 +69,12 @@ class InkHUD
     void navDown();
     void navLeft();
     void navRight();
+    void touchNavUp();
+    void touchNavDown();
+    void touchNavLeft();
+    void touchNavRight();
+    void touchTap(uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
+    void touchLongPress(uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
 
     // Freetext handlers
     void freeText(char c);
@@ -76,11 +89,14 @@ class InkHUD
     void prevApplet();
     NicheGraphics::InkHUD::Applet *getActiveApplet();
     void openMenu();
+    void openAppSwitcher();
     void openAlignStick();
     void openKeyboard();
     void closeKeyboard();
     void nextTile();
     void prevTile();
+    bool showApplet(uint8_t appletIndex);
+    bool selectTileAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
     void rotate();
     void rotateJoystick(uint8_t angle = 1); // rotate 90 deg by default
     void toggleBatteryIcon();
@@ -129,6 +145,7 @@ class InkHUD
     Events *events = nullptr;               // Handle non-specific firmware events
     Renderer *renderer = nullptr;           // Co-ordinate display updates
     WindowManager *windowManager = nullptr; // Multiplexing of applets
+    TouchEnabledProvider touchEnabledProvider = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/Persistence.h

@@ -142,4 +142,4 @@ class Persistence
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/WindowManager.cpp

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 #include "./WindowManager.h"
 
 #include "./Applets/System/AlignStick/AlignStickApplet.h"
+#include "./Applets/System/AppSwitcher/AppSwitcherApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/BatteryIcon/BatteryIconApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Keyboard/KeyboardApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Logo/LogoApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Menu/MenuApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Notification/NotificationApplet.h"
+#include "./Applets/System/Notification/TouchStatusApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Pairing/PairingApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Placeholder/PlaceholderApplet.h"
 #include "./Applets/System/Tips/TipsApplet.h"
@@ -15,6 +17,14 @@
 
 using namespace NicheGraphics;
 
+namespace
+{
+bool supportsOnScreenKeyboard(const InkHUD::InkHUD *inkhud, const InkHUD::Persistence::Settings *settings)
+{
+    return !inkhud->twoWayRocker && (settings->joystick.enabled || inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider());
+}
+} // namespace
+
 InkHUD::WindowManager::WindowManager()
 {
     // Convenient references
@@ -132,6 +142,38 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::prevTile()
         userTiles.at(settings->userTiles.focused)->requestHighlight();
 }
 
+// Focus the user tile containing a touch coordinate.
+// Returns true only when the focused tile changes.
+bool InkHUD::WindowManager::selectTileAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    if (userTiles.size() < 2)
+        return false;
+
+    const int32_t tx = x;
+    const int32_t ty = y;
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < userTiles.size(); i++) {
+        Tile *tile = userTiles.at(i);
+
+        const int32_t left = tile->getLeft();
+        const int32_t top = tile->getTop();
+        const int32_t right = left + tile->getWidth();
+        const int32_t bottom = top + tile->getHeight();
+
+        if (tx < left || tx >= right || ty < top || ty >= bottom)
+            continue;
+
+        if (settings->userTiles.focused == i)
+            return false;
+
+        settings->userTiles.focused = i;
+        refocusTile();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 // Show the menu (on the the focused tile)
 // The applet previously displayed there will be restored once the menu closes
 void InkHUD::WindowManager::openMenu()
@@ -140,6 +182,18 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::openMenu()
     menu->show(userTiles.at(settings->userTiles.focused));
 }
 
+// Show touch-only app switcher on the focused tile
+void InkHUD::WindowManager::openAppSwitcher()
+{
+    if (!inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider())
+        return;
+
+    AppSwitcherApplet *switcher = static_cast<AppSwitcherApplet *>(inkhud->getSystemApplet("AppSwitcher"));
+    if (switcher) {
+        switcher->show(userTiles.at(settings->userTiles.focused));
+    }
+}
+
 // Bring the AlignStick applet to the foreground
 void InkHUD::WindowManager::openAlignStick()
 {
@@ -151,7 +205,7 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::openAlignStick()
 
 void InkHUD::WindowManager::openKeyboard()
 {
-    if (!settings->joystick.enabled || inkhud->twoWayRocker)
+    if (!supportsOnScreenKeyboard(inkhud, settings))
         return;
 
     KeyboardApplet *keyboard = (KeyboardApplet *)inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard");
@@ -165,7 +219,7 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::openKeyboard()
 
 void InkHUD::WindowManager::closeKeyboard()
 {
-    if (!settings->joystick.enabled || inkhud->twoWayRocker)
+    if (!supportsOnScreenKeyboard(inkhud, settings))
         return;
 
     KeyboardApplet *keyboard = (KeyboardApplet *)inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard");
@@ -279,6 +333,41 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::prevApplet()
     inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST); // bringToForeground already requested, but we're manually forcing FAST
 }
 
+// Show a specific applet on the focused tile, or focus the tile where it is already shown.
+bool InkHUD::WindowManager::showApplet(uint8_t appletIndex)
+{
+    if (appletIndex >= inkhud->userApplets.size())
+        return false;
+
+    Applet *target = inkhud->userApplets.at(appletIndex);
+    if (!target || !target->isActive())
+        return false;
+
+    // If target is already visible on another tile, just focus that tile.
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < userTiles.size(); i++) {
+        if (userTiles.at(i)->getAssignedApplet() == target) {
+            settings->userTiles.focused = i;
+            refocusTile();
+            if (!settings->optionalMenuItems.nextTile)
+                userTiles.at(settings->userTiles.focused)->requestHighlight();
+            inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise replace the focused tile's applet.
+    Tile *focused = userTiles.at(settings->userTiles.focused);
+    Applet *current = focused->getAssignedApplet();
+    if (current && current != target)
+        current->sendToBackground();
+
+    focused->assignApplet(target);
+    target->bringToForeground();
+    settings->userTiles.displayedUserApplet[settings->userTiles.focused] = appletIndex;
+    inkhud->forceUpdate(EInk::UpdateTypes::FAST);
+    return true;
+}
+
 // Returns active applet
 NicheGraphics::InkHUD::Applet *InkHUD::WindowManager::getActiveApplet()
 {
@@ -485,14 +574,21 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::createSystemApplets()
     addSystemApplet("Tips", new TipsApplet, new Tile);
     if (settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->twoWayRocker) {
         addSystemApplet("AlignStick", new AlignStickApplet, new Tile);
+    }
+    if (supportsOnScreenKeyboard(inkhud, settings)) {
         addSystemApplet("Keyboard", new KeyboardApplet, new Tile);
     }
+    if (inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) {
+        addSystemApplet("AppSwitcher", new AppSwitcherApplet, nullptr);
+    }
 
     addSystemApplet("Menu", new MenuApplet, nullptr);
 
     // Battery and notifications *behind* the menu
     addSystemApplet("Notification", new NotificationApplet, new Tile);
     addSystemApplet("BatteryIcon", new BatteryIconApplet, new Tile);
+    if (inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider())
+        addSystemApplet("TouchStatus", new TouchStatusApplet, new Tile);
 
     // Special handling only, via Rendering::renderPlaceholders
     addSystemApplet("Placeholder", new PlaceholderApplet, nullptr);
@@ -511,6 +607,8 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::placeSystemTiles()
     inkhud->getSystemApplet("Tips")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
     if (settings->joystick.enabled && !inkhud->twoWayRocker) {
         inkhud->getSystemApplet("AlignStick")->getTile()->setRegion(0, 0, inkhud->width(), inkhud->height());
+    }
+    if (supportsOnScreenKeyboard(inkhud, settings)) {
         const uint16_t keyboardHeight = KeyboardApplet::getKeyboardHeight();
         inkhud->getSystemApplet("Keyboard")
             ->getTile()
@@ -527,6 +625,17 @@ void InkHUD::WindowManager::placeSystemTiles()
                     batteryIconWidth + 1,                   // width
                     batteryIconHeight + 2);                 // height
 
+    if (inkhud->hasTouchEnabledProvider()) {
+        const uint16_t touchStatusH = Applet::fontSmall.lineHeight() + 4;
+        inkhud->getSystemApplet("TouchStatus")
+            ->getTile()
+            ->setRegion(0, inkhud->height() - touchStatusH, inkhud->width(), touchStatusH);
+        if (inkhud->isTouchEnabled())
+            inkhud->getSystemApplet("TouchStatus")->sendToBackground();
+        else
+            inkhud->getSystemApplet("TouchStatus")->bringToForeground();
+    }
+
     // Note: the tiles of placeholder and menu applets are manipulated specially
     // - menuApplet borrows user tiles
     // - placeholder applet is temporarily assigned to each user tile of WindowManager::getEmptyTiles

src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/WindowManager.h

@@ -29,13 +29,16 @@ class WindowManager
 
     void nextTile();
     void prevTile();
+    bool selectTileAt(uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
     Applet *getActiveApplet();
     void openMenu();
     void openAlignStick();
+    void openAppSwitcher();
     void openKeyboard();
     void closeKeyboard();
     void nextApplet();
     void prevApplet();
+    bool showApplet(uint8_t appletIndex);
     void rotate();
     void toggleBatteryIcon();
 
@@ -76,4 +79,4 @@ class WindowManager
 
 } // namespace NicheGraphics::InkHUD
 
-#endif
+#endif

src/input/InputBroker.cpp

@@ -390,8 +390,11 @@ void InputBroker::Init()
                 seesawRotary = nullptr;
             }
         }
+#ifdef __linux__
+        // Linux evdev keyboard input only — macOS has no <linux/input.h>.
         aLinuxInputImpl = new LinuxInputImpl();
         aLinuxInputImpl->init();
+#endif
     }
 #endif
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER && HAS_TRACKBALL

src/input/LinuxInput.h

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
-#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
+// Linux evdev keyboard input. Only compiled on Linux portduino targets;
+// macOS / non-Linux builds have no <linux/input.h> or epoll, and the
+// headless build doesn't need real keyboards anyway.
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO && defined(__linux__)
 #include "InputBroker.h"
 #include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
 #include <assert.h>

src/input/LinuxInputImpl.h

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
+// Linux evdev impl. Same Linux-only gating as LinuxInput.h.
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO) && defined(__linux__)
 #pragma once
 #include "LinuxInput.h"
 #include "main.h"

src/input/TouchScreenBase.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,35 @@
 #define TIME_LONG_PRESS 400
 #endif
 
+// Touch sampling cadence (milliseconds).
+// Can be overridden by board variants for faster touch panels.
+#ifndef TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_IDLE
+#define TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_IDLE 100
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE
+#define TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE 20
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE
+#define TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE 50
+#endif
+
+// Faster cadence used for keyboard-like tap-heavy UIs.
+#ifndef TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE_FAST
+#define TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE_FAST TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE_FAST
+#define TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE_FAST TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE
+#endif
+
+// Ignore very short "finger lifted" glitches from noisy touch controllers.
+// A release is only accepted once we've seen no-touch for at least this duration.
+#ifndef TOUCH_RELEASE_GRACE_MS
+#define TOUCH_RELEASE_GRACE_MS 35
+#endif
+
 // move a minimum distance over the screen to detect a "swipe"
 #ifndef TOUCH_THRESHOLD_X
 #define TOUCH_THRESHOLD_X 30
@@ -20,7 +49,7 @@
 
 TouchScreenBase::TouchScreenBase(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height)
     : concurrency::OSThread(name), _display_width(width), _display_height(height), _first_x(0), _last_x(0), _first_y(0),
-      _last_y(0), _start(0), _tapped(false), _originName(name)
+      _last_y(0), _start(0), _lastTouchSeenMs(0), _tapped(false), _originName(name)
 {
 }
 
@@ -28,7 +57,7 @@ void TouchScreenBase::init(bool hasTouch)
 {
     if (hasTouch) {
         LOG_INFO("TouchScreen initialized %d %d", TOUCH_THRESHOLD_X, TOUCH_THRESHOLD_Y);
-        this->setInterval(100);
+        this->setInterval(TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_IDLE);
     } else {
         disable();
         this->setInterval(UINT_MAX);
@@ -39,6 +68,8 @@ int32_t TouchScreenBase::runOnce()
 {
     TouchEvent e;
     e.touchEvent = static_cast<char>(TOUCH_ACTION_NONE);
+    const bool fastTapMode = fastTapModeEnabled();
+    const bool allowLongPress = longPressEnabled();
 
     // process touch events
     int16_t x, y;
@@ -46,9 +77,13 @@ int32_t TouchScreenBase::runOnce()
     if (x < 0 || y < 0) // T-deck can emit phantom touch events with a negative value when turning off the screen
         touched = false;
     if (touched) {
-        this->setInterval(20);
+        _lastTouchSeenMs = millis();
+        this->setInterval(fastTapMode ? TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE_FAST : TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_ACTIVE);
         _last_x = x;
         _last_y = y;
+    } else if (_touchedOld && ((uint32_t)millis() - _lastTouchSeenMs) < TOUCH_RELEASE_GRACE_MS) {
+        // Treat brief no-touch samples as continuous touch to preserve long-press detection.
+        touched = true;
     }
     if (touched != _touchedOld) {
         if (touched) {
@@ -62,7 +97,7 @@ int32_t TouchScreenBase::runOnce()
             time_t duration = millis() - _start;
             x = _last_x;
             y = _last_y;
-            this->setInterval(50);
+            this->setInterval(fastTapMode ? TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE_FAST : TOUCH_POLL_INTERVAL_RELEASE);
 
             // compute distance
             int16_t dx = x - _first_x;
@@ -92,7 +127,7 @@ int32_t TouchScreenBase::runOnce()
             }
             // tap
             else {
-                if (duration > 0 && duration < TIME_LONG_PRESS) {
+                if (duration > 0 && (duration < TIME_LONG_PRESS || !allowLongPress)) {
                     if (_tapped) {
                         _tapped = false;
                     } else {
@@ -132,7 +167,7 @@ int32_t TouchScreenBase::runOnce()
 #endif
 
     // fire LONG_PRESS event without the need for release
-    if (touched && (time_t(millis()) - _start) > TIME_LONG_PRESS) {
+    if (allowLongPress && touched && (time_t(millis()) - _start) > TIME_LONG_PRESS) {
         // tricky: prevent reoccurring events and another touch event when releasing
         _start = millis() + 30000;
         e.touchEvent = static_cast<char>(TOUCH_ACTION_LONG_PRESS);
@@ -157,3 +192,13 @@ void TouchScreenBase::hapticFeedback()
     drv.go();
 #endif
 }
+
+bool TouchScreenBase::fastTapModeEnabled() const
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool TouchScreenBase::longPressEnabled() const
+{
+    return true;
+}

src/input/TouchScreenBase.h

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ class TouchScreenBase : public Observable<const InputEvent *>, public concurrenc
 
     virtual bool getTouch(int16_t &x, int16_t &y) = 0;
     virtual void onEvent(const TouchEvent &event) = 0;
+    virtual bool fastTapModeEnabled() const;
+    virtual bool longPressEnabled() const;
 
     volatile TouchScreenBaseStateType _state = TOUCH_EVENT_CLEARED;
     volatile TouchScreenBaseEventType _action = TOUCH_ACTION_NONE;
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ class TouchScreenBase : public Observable<const InputEvent *>, public concurrenc
     int16_t _first_x, _last_x; // horizontal swipe direction
     int16_t _first_y, _last_y; // vertical swipe direction
     time_t _start;             // for LONG_PRESS
+    uint32_t _lastTouchSeenMs; // helps suppress brief touch-controller dropouts
     bool _tapped;              // for DOUBLE_TAP
 
     const char *_originName;

src/input/TouchScreenImpl1.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 #include "PowerFSM.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/InkHUD.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/InkHUD/SystemApplet.h"
+#endif
 
 #if ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
@@ -39,6 +45,31 @@ bool TouchScreenImpl1::getTouch(int16_t &x, int16_t &y)
     return _getTouch(&x, &y);
 }
 
+bool TouchScreenImpl1::fastTapModeEnabled() const
+{
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
+    const auto *inkhud = NicheGraphics::InkHUD::InkHUD::getInstance();
+    if (!inkhud) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto *sa : inkhud->systemApplets) {
+        if (!sa || !sa->name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(sa->name, "Keyboard") == 0) {
+            return sa->isForeground();
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool TouchScreenImpl1::longPressEnabled() const
+{
+    return !fastTapModeEnabled();
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief forward touchscreen event
  *
@@ -83,4 +114,4 @@ void TouchScreenImpl1::onEvent(const TouchEvent &event)
         return;
     }
     this->notifyObservers(&e);
-}
+}

src/input/TouchScreenImpl1.h

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ class TouchScreenImpl1 : public TouchScreenBase
   protected:
     virtual bool getTouch(int16_t &x, int16_t &y);
     virtual void onEvent(const TouchEvent &event);
+    bool fastTapModeEnabled() const override;
+    bool longPressEnabled() const override;
 
     bool (*_getTouch)(int16_t *, int16_t *);
 };

src/mesh/Default.cpp

@@ -2,18 +2,21 @@
 
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 
+// Convert seconds to ms, clamping at INT32_MAX (~24.86 days)
+static inline uint32_t secondsToMsClamped(uint32_t secs)
+{
+    constexpr uint32_t MAX_MS = static_cast<uint32_t>(INT32_MAX);
+    return (secs > MAX_MS / 1000U) ? MAX_MS : secs * 1000U;
+}
+
 uint32_t Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(uint32_t configuredInterval, uint32_t defaultInterval)
 {
-    if (configuredInterval > 0)
-        return configuredInterval * 1000;
-    return defaultInterval * 1000;
+    return secondsToMsClamped(configuredInterval > 0 ? configuredInterval : defaultInterval);
 }
 
 uint32_t Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(uint32_t configuredInterval)
 {
-    if (configuredInterval > 0)
-        return configuredInterval * 1000;
-    return default_broadcast_interval_secs * 1000;
+    return secondsToMsClamped(configuredInterval > 0 ? configuredInterval : default_broadcast_interval_secs);
 }
 
 uint32_t Default::getConfiguredOrDefault(uint32_t configured, uint32_t defaultValue)
@@ -47,7 +50,14 @@ uint32_t Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMsScaled(uint32_t configured, uint32_t d
                   meshtastic_Config_DeviceConfig_Role_TAK_TRACKER))
         return getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(configured, defaultValue);
 
-    return getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(configured, defaultValue) * congestionScalingCoefficient(numOnlineNodes);
+    // Saturate at INT32_MAX to match secondsToMsClamped: float→uint32_t when
+    // out of range is UB, and the result is consumed as an int32_t downstream.
+    constexpr uint32_t MAX_MS = static_cast<uint32_t>(INT32_MAX);
+    uint32_t base = getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(configured, defaultValue);
+    float coef = congestionScalingCoefficient(numOnlineNodes);
+    if (static_cast<double>(base) * static_cast<double>(coef) >= static_cast<double>(MAX_MS))
+        return MAX_MS;
+    return base * coef;
 }
 
 uint32_t Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(uint32_t configured, uint32_t minValue)
@@ -66,4 +76,4 @@ uint8_t Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultHopLimit(uint8_t configured)
 #else
     return (configured >= HOP_MAX) ? HOP_MAX : config.lora.hop_limit;
 #endif
-}
+}

src/mesh/HardwareRNG.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ extern Adafruit_nRFCrypto nRFCrypto;
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
 #include <random>
-#include <sys/random.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <sys/random.h> // getrandom()
+#else
+#include <stdlib.h> // arc4random_buf() on Darwin/BSD
+#endif
 #endif
 
 namespace HardwareRNG
@@ -48,8 +52,11 @@ bool mixWithLoRaEntropy(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
     // and return false so callers know no extra mixing occurred.
     RadioLibInterface *radio = RadioLibInterface::instance;
     if (!radio) {
-        // Intentionally silent: this path runs during portduinoSetup() before the
-        // console/SerialConsole is initialized, so LOG_* here would dereference a null pointer.
+        // This path can run during portduinoSetup() before the console is initialized,
+        // both for unit-test binaries and the simulator's meshtasticd; LOG_* dereferences `console`.
+        if (console) {
+            LOG_ERROR("No radio instance available to provide entropy");
+        }
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -116,10 +123,16 @@ bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy)
     filled = true;
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
     // Prefer the host OS RNG first when running under Portduino.
+#ifdef __linux__
     ssize_t generated = ::getrandom(buffer, length, 0);
     if (generated == static_cast<ssize_t>(length)) {
         filled = true;
     }
+#else
+    // arc4random_buf is available on Darwin/BSD and cannot fail.
+    ::arc4random_buf(buffer, length);
+    filled = true;
+#endif
 
     if (!filled) {
         fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);

src/mesh/MeshRadio.h

@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "detect/LoRaRadioType.h"
 
-// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array
-static constexpr meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
+// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array. Declared `const` rather
+// than `constexpr` because the cast from 0xFF to the enum is out-of-range and
+// therefore not a valid constant expression on Clang 16+ (Apple Clang on
+// macOS). The value is only ever compared at runtime, so static-init is fine.
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
     static_cast<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>(0xFF);
 
 // Region profile: bundles the preset list with regulatory parameters shared across regions

src/mesh/NodeDB.cpp

@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ void NodeDB::installDefaultConfig(bool preserveKey = false)
     strncpy(config.network.ntp_server, "meshtastic.pool.ntp.org", 32);
 
 #if (defined(T_DECK) || defined(T_WATCH_S3) || defined(UNPHONE) || defined(PICOMPUTER_S3) || defined(SENSECAP_INDICATOR) ||      \
-     defined(ELECROW_PANEL) || defined(HELTEC_V4_TFT)) &&                                                                        \
+     defined(ELECROW_PANEL) || defined(HELTEC_V4_TFT) || defined(HELTEC_V4_R8_TFT)) &&                                           \
     HAS_TFT
     // switch BT off by default; use TFT programming mode or hotkey to enable
     config.bluetooth.enabled = false;
@@ -1205,11 +1205,11 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
     spiLock->unlock();
 #endif
 #ifdef FSCom
-#ifdef FACTORY_INSTALL
+#if defined(FACTORY_INSTALL) && !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
     spiLock->lock();
     if (!FSCom.exists("/prefs/" xstr(BUILD_EPOCH))) {
         LOG_WARN("Factory Install Reset!");
-        FSCom.format();
+        rmDir("/prefs");
         FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
         File f2 = FSCom.open("/prefs/" xstr(BUILD_EPOCH), FILE_O_WRITE);
         if (f2) {

src/mesh/RadioLibInterface.cpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::canSendImmediately()
         return true;
 }
 
-bool RadioLibInterface::receiveDetected(uint16_t irq, ulong syncWordHeaderValidFlag, ulong preambleDetectedFlag)
+bool RadioLibInterface::receiveDetected(uint16_t irq, unsigned long syncWordHeaderValidFlag, unsigned long preambleDetectedFlag)
 {
     bool detected = (irq & (syncWordHeaderValidFlag | preambleDetectedFlag));
     // Handle false detections

src/mesh/RadioLibInterface.h

@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
     /** Attempt to find a packet in the TxQueue. Returns true if the packet was found. */
     virtual bool findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id) override;
 
+    uint8_t packetsInTxQueue() { return txQueue.getMaxLen() - txQueue.getFree(); }
+
     /**
      * Request randomness sourced from the LoRa modem, if supported by the active RadioLib interface.
      * @return true if len bytes were produced, false otherwise.
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
   protected:
     uint32_t activeReceiveStart = 0;
 
-    bool receiveDetected(uint16_t irq, ulong syncWordHeaderValidFlag, ulong preambleDetectedFlag);
+    bool receiveDetected(uint16_t irq, unsigned long syncWordHeaderValidFlag, unsigned long preambleDetectedFlag);
 
     /** Do any hardware setup needed on entry into send configuration for the radio.
      * Subclasses can customize, but must also call this base method */

src/mesh/Router.cpp

@@ -736,9 +736,13 @@ void Router::handleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, RxSource src)
     // Also, we should set the time from the ISR and it should have msec level resolution
     p->rx_time = getValidTime(RTCQualityFromNet); // store the arrival timestamp for the phone
 
-    // Store a copy of encrypted packet for MQTT
+    // Store a copy of the encrypted packet for MQTT.
+    // Local, not a class member: handleReceived re-enters itself when a module
+    // reply broadcast goes through MeshService::sendToMesh -> Router::sendLocal,
+    // and a member would be silently overwritten without release on the inner
+    // call. Each invocation now owns its own copy (issue #9632, #10101, #8729).
     DEBUG_HEAP_BEFORE;
-    p_encrypted = packetPool.allocCopy(*p);
+    meshtastic_MeshPacket *p_encrypted = packetPool.allocCopy(*p);
     DEBUG_HEAP_AFTER("Router::handleReceived", p_encrypted);
 
     // Take those raw bytes and convert them back into a well structured protobuf we can understand
@@ -832,8 +836,7 @@ void Router::handleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, RxSource src)
 #endif
     }
 
-    packetPool.release(p_encrypted); // Release the encrypted packet
-    p_encrypted = nullptr;
+    packetPool.release(p_encrypted); // Release the encrypted packet (release() handles nullptr)
 }
 
 void Router::perhapsHandleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)

src/mesh/Router.h

@@ -92,9 +92,6 @@ class Router : protected concurrency::OSThread, protected PacketHistory
         before us */
     uint32_t rxDupe = 0, txRelayCanceled = 0;
 
-    // pointer to the encrypted packet
-    meshtastic_MeshPacket *p_encrypted = nullptr;
-
   protected:
     friend class RoutingModule;
 

src/mesh/TypeConversions.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "TypeConversions.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/deviceonly.pb.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include "meshUtils.h"
 
 meshtastic_NodeInfo TypeConversions::ConvertToNodeInfo(const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *lite)
 {
@@ -82,8 +83,10 @@ meshtastic_UserLite TypeConversions::ConvertToUserLite(meshtastic_User user)
 
     strncpy(lite.long_name, user.long_name, sizeof(lite.long_name));
     lite.long_name[sizeof(lite.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(lite.long_name, sizeof(lite.long_name));
     strncpy(lite.short_name, user.short_name, sizeof(lite.short_name));
     lite.short_name[sizeof(lite.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(lite.short_name, sizeof(lite.short_name));
     lite.hw_model = user.hw_model;
     lite.role = user.role;
     lite.is_licensed = user.is_licensed;
@@ -102,8 +105,10 @@ meshtastic_User TypeConversions::ConvertToUser(uint32_t nodeNum, meshtastic_User
     snprintf(user.id, sizeof(user.id), "!%08x", nodeNum);
     strncpy(user.long_name, lite.long_name, sizeof(user.long_name));
     user.long_name[sizeof(user.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(user.long_name, sizeof(user.long_name));
     strncpy(user.short_name, lite.short_name, sizeof(user.short_name));
     user.short_name[sizeof(user.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(user.short_name, sizeof(user.short_name));
     user.hw_model = lite.hw_model;
     user.role = lite.role;
     user.is_licensed = lite.is_licensed;

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/apponly.pb.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_ChannelSet_msg;
 
 /* Maximum encoded size of messages (where known) */
 #define MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_APPONLY_PB_H_MAX_SIZE meshtastic_ChannelSet_size
-#define meshtastic_ChannelSet_size               682
+#define meshtastic_ChannelSet_size               685
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 } /* extern "C" */

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/config.pb.h

@@ -289,7 +289,14 @@ typedef enum _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode {
     /* ITU Region 1 Amateur Radio 2m band (144-146 MHz) */
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU1_2M = 27,
     /* ITU Region 2 / 3 Amateur Radio 2m band (144-148 MHz) */
-    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M = 28
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M = 28,
+    /* EU 866MHz band (Band no. 47b of 2006/771/EC and subsequent amendments) for Non-specific short-range devices (SRD) */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_866 = 29,
+    /* EU 874MHz and 917MHz bands (Band no. 1 and 4 of 2022/172/EC and subsequent amendments) for Non-specific short-range devices (SRD) */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_874 = 30,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_917 = 31,
+    /* EU 868MHz band, with narrow presets */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_N_868 = 32
 } meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode;
 
 /* Standard predefined channel settings
@@ -319,7 +326,24 @@ typedef enum _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset {
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO = 8,
     /* Long Range - Turbo
  This preset performs similarly to LongFast, but with 500Khz bandwidth. */
-    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO = 9
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO = 9,
+    /* Lite Fast
+ Medium range preset optimized for EU 866MHz SRD band with 125kHz bandwidth.
+ Comparable link budget to MEDIUM_FAST but compliant with Band no. 47b of 2006/771/EC. */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LITE_FAST = 10,
+    /* Lite Slow
+ Medium-to-moderate range preset optimized for EU 866MHz SRD band with 125kHz bandwidth.
+ Comparable link budget to LONG_FAST but compliant with Band no. 47b of 2006/771/EC. */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LITE_SLOW = 11,
+    /* Narrow Fast
+ Medium-to-moderate range preset optimized for EU 868MHz band with 62.5kHz bandwidth.
+ Comparable link budget to SHORT_SLOW, but with half the data rate.
+ Intended to avoid interference with other devices. */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_NARROW_FAST = 12,
+    /* Narrow Slow
+ Moderate range preset optimized for EU 868MHz band with 62.5kHz bandwidth.
+ Comparable link budget and data rate to LONG_FAST. */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_NARROW_SLOW = 13
 } meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset;
 
 typedef enum _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode {
@@ -594,6 +618,8 @@ typedef struct _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig {
     bool config_ok_to_mqtt;
     /* Set where LORA FEM is enabled, disabled, or not present */
     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode fem_lna_mode;
+    /* Don't use radiolib to initialize the radio, instead listen for a serialHal connection */
+    bool serial_hal_only;
 } meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig;
 
 typedef struct _meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig {
@@ -706,12 +732,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation)(meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED+1))
 
 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M+1))
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_N_868
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_N_868+1))
 
 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO+1))
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_NARROW_SLOW
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_NARROW_SLOW+1))
 
 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MIN meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED
 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT
@@ -755,7 +781,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_init_default {0, "", "", "", 0, _meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_AddressMode_MIN, false, meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_IpV4Config_init_default, "", 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_IpV4Config_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_init_default {0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DeprecatedGpsCoordinateFormat_MIN, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_MIN, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_OledType_MIN, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_MIN, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_MIN, 0, 0, 0}
-#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_default {0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MIN}
+#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_default {0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MIN, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_init_default {0, _meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_PairingMode_MIN, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig_init_default {{0, {0}}, {0, {0}}, 0, {{0, {0}}, {0, {0}}, {0, {0}}}, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_SessionkeyConfig_init_default {0}
@@ -766,7 +792,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_init_zero {0, "", "", "", 0, _meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_AddressMode_MIN, false, meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_IpV4Config_init_zero, "", 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_IpV4Config_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_init_zero {0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DeprecatedGpsCoordinateFormat_MIN, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_MIN, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_OledType_MIN, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_MIN, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_MIN, 0, 0, 0}
-#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero   {0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MIN}
+#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero   {0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_MIN, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_init_zero {0, _meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_PairingMode_MIN, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig_init_zero {{0, {0}}, {0, {0}}, 0, {{0, {0}}, {0, {0}}, {0, {0}}}, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_Config_SessionkeyConfig_init_zero {0}
@@ -853,6 +879,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ignore_mqtt_tag 104
 #define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_config_ok_to_mqtt_tag 105
 #define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_fem_lna_mode_tag 106
+#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_serial_hal_only_tag 107
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_enabled_tag 1
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_mode_tag 2
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_fixed_pin_tag 3
@@ -1005,7 +1032,8 @@ X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     pa_fan_disabled,  15) \
 X(a, STATIC,   REPEATED, UINT32,   ignore_incoming, 103) \
 X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     ignore_mqtt,     104) \
 X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     config_ok_to_mqtt, 105) \
-X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UENUM,    fem_lna_mode,    106)
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UENUM,    fem_lna_mode,    106) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     serial_hal_only, 107)
 #define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_CALLBACK NULL
 #define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_DEFAULT NULL
 
@@ -1062,7 +1090,7 @@ extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_Config_SessionkeyConfig_msg;
 #define meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_size   10
 #define meshtastic_Config_DeviceConfig_size      100
 #define meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_size     36
-#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_size        88
+#define meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_size        91
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_IpV4Config_size 20
 #define meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_size     204
 #define meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_size    62

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/deviceonly.pb.h

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_BackupPreferences_msg;
 /* Maximum encoded size of messages (where known) */
 /* meshtastic_NodeDatabase_size depends on runtime parameters */
 #define MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_DEVICEONLY_PB_H_MAX_SIZE meshtastic_BackupPreferences_size
-#define meshtastic_BackupPreferences_size        2429
+#define meshtastic_BackupPreferences_size        2432
 #define meshtastic_ChannelFile_size              718
 #define meshtastic_DeviceState_size              1737
 #define meshtastic_NodeInfoLite_size             196

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/localonly.pb.h

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_LocalModuleConfig_msg;
 
 /* Maximum encoded size of messages (where known) */
 #define MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_LOCALONLY_PB_H_MAX_SIZE meshtastic_LocalModuleConfig_size
-#define meshtastic_LocalConfig_size              754
+#define meshtastic_LocalConfig_size              757
 #define meshtastic_LocalModuleConfig_size        820
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h

@@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ typedef enum _meshtastic_HardwareModel {
     meshtastic_HardwareModel_THINKNODE_M7 = 129,
     meshtastic_HardwareModel_THINKNODE_M8 = 130,
     meshtastic_HardwareModel_THINKNODE_M9 = 131,
+    /* The Heltec-V4-R8 uses an ESP32S3R8 chip, plus an SX1262. */
+    meshtastic_HardwareModel_HELTEC_V4_R8 = 132,
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Reserved ID For developing private Ports. These will show up in live traffic sparsely, so we can use a high number. Keep it within 8 bits.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Automatically generated nanopb constant definitions */
+/* Generated by nanopb-0.4.9.1 */
+
+#include "meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.h"
+#if PB_PROTO_HEADER_VERSION != 40
+#error Regenerate this file with the current version of nanopb generator.
+#endif
+
+PB_BIND(meshtastic_SerialHalCommand, meshtastic_SerialHalCommand, 2)
+
+
+PB_BIND(meshtastic_SerialHalResponse, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse, 2)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.h

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/* Automatically generated nanopb header */
+/* Generated by nanopb-0.4.9.1 */
+
+#ifndef PB_MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_SERIAL_HAL_PB_H_INCLUDED
+#define PB_MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_SERIAL_HAL_PB_H_INCLUDED
+#include <pb.h>
+
+#if PB_PROTO_HEADER_VERSION != 40
+#error Regenerate this file with the current version of nanopb generator.
+#endif
+
+/* Enum definitions */
+typedef enum _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type {
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_UNSET = 0,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_PIN_MODE = 1,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_WRITE = 2,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_READ = 3,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_ATTACH_INTERRUPT = 4,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DETACH_INTERRUPT = 5,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_SPI_TRANSFER = 6,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_NOOP = 7
+} meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type;
+
+typedef enum _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result {
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_OK = 0,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_ERROR = 1,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_BAD_REQUEST = 2,
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED = 3
+} meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result;
+
+/* Struct definitions */
+typedef PB_BYTES_ARRAY_T(512) meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_data_t;
+typedef struct _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand {
+    /* Host-assigned request id. Replies echo this id back in
+ SerialHalResponse.transaction_id. */
+    uint32_t transaction_id;
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type type;
+    uint32_t pin;
+    uint32_t value;
+    uint32_t mode;
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_data_t data;
+} meshtastic_SerialHalCommand;
+
+typedef PB_BYTES_ARRAY_T(512) meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_data_t;
+typedef struct _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse {
+    /* Matches the originating SerialHalCommand.transaction_id for normal
+ request/response traffic.
+
+ A value of 0 indicates an unsolicited interrupt notification generated by
+ the device. In that case, the host should interpret value as the GPIO pin
+ that triggered. */
+    uint32_t transaction_id;
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result result;
+    /* Used by DIGITAL_READ replies and interrupt notifications. For interrupt
+ notifications (transaction_id == 0), this carries the pin number. */
+    uint32_t value;
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_data_t data;
+    char error[80];
+} meshtastic_SerialHalResponse;
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Helper constants for enums */
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_MIN meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_UNSET
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_MAX meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_NOOP
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type)(meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_NOOP+1))
+
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_MIN meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_OK
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_MAX meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED
+#define _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result)(meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED+1))
+
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_type_ENUMTYPE meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type
+
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_result_ENUMTYPE meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result
+
+
+/* Initializer values for message structs */
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_default {0, _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_MIN, 0, 0, 0, {0, {0}}}
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_default {0, _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_MIN, 0, {0, {0}}, ""}
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero    {0, _meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_MIN, 0, 0, 0, {0, {0}}}
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero   {0, _meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_MIN, 0, {0, {0}}, ""}
+
+/* Field tags (for use in manual encoding/decoding) */
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_transaction_id_tag 1
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_type_tag     2
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_pin_tag      3
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_value_tag    4
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_mode_tag     5
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_data_tag     6
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_transaction_id_tag 1
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_result_tag  2
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_value_tag   3
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_data_tag    4
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_error_tag   5
+
+/* Struct field encoding specification for nanopb */
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_FIELDLIST(X, a) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   transaction_id,    1) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UENUM,    type,              2) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   pin,               3) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   value,             4) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   mode,              5) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BYTES,    data,              6)
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_CALLBACK NULL
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_DEFAULT NULL
+
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_FIELDLIST(X, a) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   transaction_id,    1) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UENUM,    result,            2) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   value,             3) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BYTES,    data,              4) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, STRING,   error,             5)
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_CALLBACK NULL
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_DEFAULT NULL
+
+extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_msg;
+extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_msg;
+
+/* Defines for backwards compatibility with code written before nanopb-0.4.0 */
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_fields &meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_msg
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_fields &meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_msg
+
+/* Maximum encoded size of messages (where known) */
+#define MESHTASTIC_MESHTASTIC_SERIAL_HAL_PB_H_MAX_SIZE meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size         541
+#define meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size        610
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif

src/meshUtils.cpp

@@ -117,4 +117,93 @@ size_t pb_string_length(const char *str, size_t max_len)
         }
     }
     return len;
+}
+
+bool sanitizeUtf8(char *buf, size_t bufSize)
+{
+    if (!buf || bufSize == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Ensure null-terminated within buffer; report if we had to enforce it
+    bool replaced = (buf[bufSize - 1] != '\0');
+    buf[bufSize - 1] = '\0';
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    size_t len = strlen(buf);
+
+    while (i < len) {
+        uint8_t b = (uint8_t)buf[i];
+
+        // Determine expected sequence length from lead byte
+        size_t seqLen;
+        uint32_t minCodepoint;
+        if (b <= 0x7F) {
+            // ASCII — valid single byte
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        } else if ((b & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            seqLen = 2;
+            minCodepoint = 0x80; // Reject overlong
+        } else if ((b & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            seqLen = 3;
+            minCodepoint = 0x800;
+        } else if ((b & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            seqLen = 4;
+            minCodepoint = 0x10000;
+        } else {
+            // Invalid lead byte (0x80-0xBF or 0xF8+)
+            buf[i] = '?';
+            replaced = true;
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check that we have enough bytes remaining
+        if (i + seqLen > len) {
+            // Truncated sequence at end of string — replace remaining bytes
+            for (size_t j = i; j < len; j++) {
+                buf[j] = '?';
+            }
+            replaced = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Validate continuation bytes (must be 10xxxxxx)
+        bool valid = true;
+        for (size_t j = 1; j < seqLen; j++) {
+            if (((uint8_t)buf[i + j] & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                valid = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (valid) {
+            // Decode codepoint to check for overlong encodings and surrogates
+            uint32_t cp = 0;
+            if (seqLen == 2)
+                cp = b & 0x1F;
+            else if (seqLen == 3)
+                cp = b & 0x0F;
+            else
+                cp = b & 0x07;
+            for (size_t j = 1; j < seqLen; j++)
+                cp = (cp << 6) | ((uint8_t)buf[i + j] & 0x3F);
+
+            if (cp < minCodepoint || cp > 0x10FFFF || (cp >= 0xD800 && cp <= 0xDFFF)) {
+                // Overlong encoding, out of Unicode range, or surrogate half
+                valid = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (valid) {
+            i += seqLen;
+        } else {
+            // Replace only the lead byte; continuation bytes will be caught on next iteration
+            buf[i] = '?';
+            replaced = true;
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return replaced;
 }

src/meshUtils.h

@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ const std::string vformat(const char *const zcFormat, ...);
 // Get actual string length for nanopb char array fields.
 size_t pb_string_length(const char *str, size_t max_len);
 
+// Sanitize a fixed-size char buffer in-place by replacing invalid UTF-8 sequences with '?'.
+// Ensures the result is null-terminated within bufSize. Returns true if any bytes were replaced.
+bool sanitizeUtf8(char *buf, size_t bufSize);
+
 /// Calculate 2^n without calling pow() - used for spreading factor and other calculations
 inline uint32_t pow_of_2(uint32_t n)
 {

src/modules/AdminModule.cpp

@@ -626,10 +626,14 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o)
     if (*o.long_name) {
         changed |= strcmp(owner.long_name, o.long_name);
         strncpy(owner.long_name, o.long_name, sizeof(owner.long_name));
+        owner.long_name[sizeof(owner.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
+        sanitizeUtf8(owner.long_name, sizeof(owner.long_name));
     }
     if (*o.short_name) {
         changed |= strcmp(owner.short_name, o.short_name);
         strncpy(owner.short_name, o.short_name, sizeof(owner.short_name));
+        owner.short_name[sizeof(owner.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
+        sanitizeUtf8(owner.short_name, sizeof(owner.short_name));
     }
     snprintf(owner.id, sizeof(owner.id), "!%08x", nodeDB->getNodeNum());
 
@@ -1430,7 +1434,11 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &p)
 
     // Set call sign and override lora limitations for licensed use
     strncpy(owner.long_name, p.call_sign, sizeof(owner.long_name));
+    owner.long_name[sizeof(owner.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(owner.long_name, sizeof(owner.long_name));
     strncpy(owner.short_name, p.short_name, sizeof(owner.short_name));
+    owner.short_name[sizeof(owner.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    sanitizeUtf8(owner.short_name, sizeof(owner.short_name));
     owner.is_licensed = true;
     config.lora.override_duty_cycle = true;
     config.lora.tx_power = p.tx_power;

src/modules/DMShell.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+#include "DMShell.h"
+
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+
+#include "Channels.h"
+#include "MeshService.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "Throttle.h"
+#include "configuration.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include "mesh/mesh-pb-constants.h"
+#include "pb_decode.h"
+#include "pb_encode.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <pty.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+DMShellModule *dmShellModule;
+
+namespace
+{
+constexpr uint16_t PTY_COLS_DEFAULT = 120;
+constexpr uint16_t PTY_ROWS_DEFAULT = 40;
+constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 200;
+} // namespace
+
+DMShellModule::DMShellModule()
+    : SinglePortModule("DMShellModule", meshtastic_PortNum_REMOTE_SHELL_APP), concurrency::OSThread("DMShell", 100)
+{
+    LOG_WARN("DMShell enabled on Portduino: remote shell access is dangerous and intended for trusted debugging only");
+}
+
+ProcessMessage DMShellModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
+{
+    meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = meshtastic_RemoteShell_init_zero;
+    if (!mp.pki_encrypted) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: ignoring packet without PKI from 0x%x", mp.from);
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    if (!parseFrame(mp, frame)) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: ignoring malformed frame");
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    if (frame.op == meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_ACK) {
+        if (session.active && frame.session_id == session.sessionId && getFrom(&mp) == session.peer && frame.last_rx_seq > 0) {
+            resendFramesFrom(frame.last_rx_seq + 1);
+        }
+        return ProcessMessage::CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    if (frame.op >= 64) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: ignoring frame with op code %d, seq %d", frame.op, frame.seq);
+        return ProcessMessage::CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    if (!isAuthorizedPacket(mp)) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: unauthorized sender 0x%x, %u", mp.from, frame.op);
+        myReply = allocErrorResponse(meshtastic_Routing_Error_NOT_AUTHORIZED, &mp);
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    if (frame.op == meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_OPEN) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: received OPEN from 0x%x sessionId=0x%x", mp.from, frame.session_id);
+        if (!openSession(mp, frame)) {
+            sendError("open_failed", getFrom(&mp));
+        }
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    if (!session.active || frame.session_id != session.sessionId || getFrom(&mp) != session.peer) {
+        if (!session.active) {
+            LOG_WARN("DMShell: no active session, rejecting op %d from 0x%x", frame.op, mp.from);
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("DMShell: session ID mismatch (got 0x%x expected 0x%x) or peer mismatch (got 0x%x expected 0x%x), rejecting "
+                     "op %d",
+                     frame.session_id, session.sessionId, mp.from, session.peer, frame.op);
+        }
+        sendError("invalid_session", getFrom(&mp));
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    if (!shouldProcessIncomingFrame(frame)) {
+        return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+    }
+
+    session.lastActivityMs = millis();
+
+    switch (frame.op) {
+    case meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_INPUT:
+        if (!writeSessionInput(frame)) {
+            sendError("input_write_failed");
+        } else {
+            uint8_t outBuf[MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE];
+            const ssize_t bytesRead = read(session.masterFd, outBuf, sizeof(outBuf));
+            if (bytesRead > 0) {
+                LOG_WARN("DMShell: read %zd bytes from PTY", bytesRead);
+                meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+                    .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_OUTPUT,
+                    .session_id = session.sessionId,
+                    .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+                    .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+                    .cols = 0,
+                    .rows = 0,
+                    .flags = 0,
+                };
+                assert(bytesRead <= sizeof(frame.payload.bytes));
+                memcpy(frame.payload.bytes, outBuf, bytesRead);
+                frame.payload.size = bytesRead;
+                sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, true);
+                session.lastActivityMs = millis();
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_RESIZE:
+        if (frame.rows > 0 && frame.cols > 0) {
+            struct winsize ws = {};
+            ws.ws_row = frame.rows;
+            ws.ws_col = frame.cols;
+            if (session.masterFd >= 0) {
+                ioctl(session.masterFd, TIOCSWINSZ, &ws);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_PING: {
+        uint32_t peerLastRxSeq = frame.ack_seq;
+        if (frame.last_rx_seq > 0) {
+            peerLastRxSeq = frame.last_rx_seq;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t nextMissingForPeer = peerLastRxSeq + 1;
+        if (nextMissingForPeer > 0 && nextMissingForPeer < session.nextTxSeq) {
+            resendFramesFrom(nextMissingForPeer);
+        }
+
+        meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+            .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_PONG,
+            .session_id = session.sessionId,
+            .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+            .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+            .cols = 0,
+            .rows = 0,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .last_tx_seq = session.nextTxSeq > 0 ? session.nextTxSeq - 1 : 0,
+            .last_rx_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+        };
+        frame.payload.size = 0;
+        sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, true);
+        break;
+    }
+    case meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_CLOSE:
+        closeSession("peer_close", true);
+        break;
+    default:
+        sendError("unsupported_op");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ProcessMessage::STOP;
+}
+
+int32_t DMShellModule::runOnce()
+{
+    processPendingChildReap();
+
+    if (!session.active) {
+        return 100;
+    }
+
+    reapChildIfExited();
+    if (!session.active) {
+        return 100;
+    }
+
+    if (Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(session.lastActivityMs, SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS) == false) {
+        closeSession("idle_timeout", true);
+        return 100;
+    }
+
+    if (RadioLibInterface::instance->packetsInTxQueue() > 1) {
+        return 50;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t outBuf[MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE];
+    while (session.masterFd >= 0) {
+        const ssize_t bytesRead = read(session.masterFd, outBuf, sizeof(outBuf));
+        if (bytesRead > 0) {
+            LOG_WARN("DMShell: read %zd bytes from PTY", bytesRead);
+
+            meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+                .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_OUTPUT,
+                .session_id = session.sessionId,
+                .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+                .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+                .cols = 0,
+                .rows = 0,
+                .flags = 0,
+            };
+            assert(bytesRead <= sizeof(frame.payload.bytes));
+            memcpy(frame.payload.bytes, outBuf, bytesRead);
+            frame.payload.size = bytesRead;
+            sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, true);
+
+            session.lastActivityMs = millis();
+            // continue;
+            // do we want to ack every data message, and only send the next on ack?
+            // would require some retry logic. Maybe re-use the wantAck bit
+            return 50;
+        }
+
+        if (bytesRead == 0) {
+            closeSession("pty_eof", true);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: PTY read error errno=%d", errno);
+        closeSession("pty_read_error", true);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return 100;
+}
+
+bool DMShellModule::parseFrame(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_RemoteShell &outFrame)
+{
+    if (mp.which_payload_variant != meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp.decoded.payload.bytes, mp.decoded.payload.size, meshtastic_RemoteShell_fields, &outFrame)) {
+        LOG_INFO("Received a DMShell message");
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error decoding DMShell message!");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DMShellModule::isAuthorizedPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) const
+{
+    if (mp.from == 0) {
+        return !config.security.is_managed;
+    }
+
+    const meshtastic_Channel *ch = &channels.getByIndex(mp.channel);
+    if (strcasecmp(ch->settings.name, Channels::adminChannel) == 0) {
+        return config.security.admin_channel_enabled;
+    }
+
+    if (mp.pki_encrypted) {
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            if (config.security.admin_key[i].size == 32 &&
+                memcmp(mp.public_key.bytes, config.security.admin_key[i].bytes, 32) == 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool DMShellModule::openSession(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame)
+{
+    if (session.active) {
+        closeSession("preempted", false);
+    }
+
+    int masterFd = -1;
+    struct winsize ws = {};
+    if (frame.rows > 0) {
+        ws.ws_row = frame.rows;
+    } else {
+        ws.ws_row = PTY_ROWS_DEFAULT;
+    }
+    if (frame.cols > 0) {
+        ws.ws_col = frame.cols;
+    } else {
+        ws.ws_col = PTY_COLS_DEFAULT;
+    }
+    const pid_t childPid = forkpty(&masterFd, nullptr, nullptr, &ws);
+    if (childPid < 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("DMShell: forkpty failed errno=%d", errno);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (childPid == 0) {
+        const char *shell = getenv("SHELL");
+        if (!shell || !*shell) {
+            shell = "/bin/sh";
+        }
+        execl(shell, shell, "-i", static_cast<char *>(nullptr));
+        _exit(127);
+    }
+
+    const int flags = fcntl(masterFd, F_GETFL, 0);
+    if (flags >= 0) {
+        fcntl(masterFd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+    }
+
+    session.active = true;
+    session.sessionId = (frame.session_id != 0) ? frame.session_id : static_cast<uint32_t>(random(1, 0x7fffffff));
+    session.peer = getFrom(&mp);
+    session.channel = mp.channel;
+    session.masterFd = masterFd;
+    session.childPid = childPid;
+    session.nextTxSeq = 1;
+    session.lastAckedRxSeq = frame.seq;
+    session.nextExpectedRxSeq = frame.seq + 1;
+    session.highestSeenRxSeq = frame.seq;
+    session.lastActivityMs = millis();
+
+    meshtastic_RemoteShell newFrame = {
+        .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_OPEN_OK,
+        .session_id = session.sessionId,
+        .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+        .ack_seq = frame.seq,
+        .cols = ws.ws_col,
+        .rows = ws.ws_row,
+        .flags = 0,
+    };
+    newFrame.payload.size = 0;
+    sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, newFrame, true);
+
+    LOG_INFO("DMShell: opened session=0x%x peer=0x%x pid=%d", session.sessionId, session.peer, session.childPid);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DMShellModule::writeSessionInput(const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame)
+{
+    if (session.masterFd < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (frame.payload.size == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const ssize_t bytesWritten = write(session.masterFd, frame.payload.bytes, frame.payload.size);
+    return bytesWritten >= 0;
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::closeSession(const char *reason, bool notifyPeer)
+{
+    if (!session.active) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (notifyPeer) {
+        const size_t reasonLen = strnlen(reason, 256);
+        meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+            .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_CLOSED,
+            .session_id = session.sessionId,
+            .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+            .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+            .cols = 0,
+            .rows = 0,
+            .flags = 0,
+        };
+        assert(reasonLen <= sizeof(frame.payload.bytes));
+        memcpy(frame.payload.bytes, reason, reasonLen);
+        frame.payload.size = reasonLen;
+        sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, true);
+    }
+
+    if (session.masterFd >= 0) {
+        close(session.masterFd);
+        session.masterFd = -1;
+    }
+
+    if (session.childPid > 0) {
+        // Run this to avoid forgetting a child
+        processPendingChildReap();
+
+        if (kill(session.childPid, SIGTERM) < 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
+            LOG_WARN("DMShell: failed to send SIGTERM to pid=%d errno=%d", session.childPid, errno);
+        }
+
+        pendingChildPid = session.childPid;
+        session.childPid = -1;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO("DMShell: closed session=0x%x reason=%s", session.sessionId, reason);
+    session = DMShellSession{};
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::reapChildIfExited()
+{
+    if (!session.active || session.childPid <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int status = 0;
+    const pid_t result = waitpid(session.childPid, &status, WNOHANG);
+    if (result == session.childPid) {
+        closeSession("shell_exited", true);
+    }
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::processPendingChildReap()
+{
+    if (pendingChildPid <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int status = 0;
+    const pid_t result = waitpid(pendingChildPid, &status, WNOHANG);
+
+    if (result == pendingChildPid || (result < 0 && errno == ECHILD)) {
+        pendingChildPid = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (result < 0) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: waitpid failed for pid=%d errno=%d", pendingChildPid, errno);
+        pendingChildPid = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pendingChildPid > 0) {
+        if (kill(pendingChildPid, SIGKILL) < 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
+            LOG_WARN("DMShell: failed to send SIGKILL to pid=%d errno=%d", pendingChildPid, errno);
+        }
+        pendingChildPid = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::rememberSentFrame(meshtastic_RemoteShell frame)
+{
+    if (frame.seq == 0 || frame.op == meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_ACK) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto &entry = session.txHistory[session.txHistoryNext];
+    entry.valid = true;
+    entry.op = frame.op;
+    entry.sessionId = frame.session_id;
+    entry.seq = frame.seq;
+    entry.ackSeq = frame.ack_seq;
+    entry.cols = frame.cols;
+    entry.rows = frame.rows;
+    entry.flags = frame.flags;
+    entry.payloadLen = frame.payload.size;
+    if (frame.payload.size > 0) {
+        memcpy(entry.payload, frame.payload.bytes, frame.payload.size);
+    }
+
+    session.txHistoryNext = (session.txHistoryNext + 1) % session.txHistory.size();
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::resendFramesFrom(uint32_t startSeq)
+{
+    if (startSeq == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    DMShellSession::SentFrame *match = nullptr;
+    for (auto &entry : session.txHistory) {
+        if (!entry.valid || entry.seq != startSeq) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        match = &entry;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (!match) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: replay request for seq=%u not found in history", startSeq);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO("DMShell: replaying frame seq=%u op=%d", match->seq, match->op);
+    meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+        .op = match->op,
+        .session_id = match->sessionId,
+        .seq = match->seq,
+        .ack_seq = match->ackSeq,
+        .cols = match->cols,
+        .rows = match->rows,
+        .flags = match->flags,
+    };
+    assert(match->payloadLen <= sizeof(frame.payload.bytes));
+    memcpy(frame.payload.bytes, match->payload, match->payloadLen);
+    frame.payload.size = match->payloadLen;
+    sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, false);
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::sendAck(uint32_t replayFromSeq)
+{
+    if (replayFromSeq > 0) {
+        LOG_WARN("DMShell: requesting replay from seq=%u", replayFromSeq);
+    }
+    meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+        .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_ACK,
+        .session_id = session.sessionId,
+        .seq = 0,
+        .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+        .cols = 0,
+        .rows = 0,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .last_rx_seq = replayFromSeq - 1,
+    };
+    frame.payload.size = 0;
+    sendFrameToPeer(session.peer, frame, false);
+}
+
+bool DMShellModule::shouldProcessIncomingFrame(const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame)
+{
+    if (frame.seq == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (frame.seq < session.nextExpectedRxSeq) {
+        if (session.highestSeenRxSeq >= session.nextExpectedRxSeq) {
+            sendAck(session.nextExpectedRxSeq);
+        } else {
+            sendAck();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (frame.seq > session.nextExpectedRxSeq) {
+        if (frame.seq > session.highestSeenRxSeq) {
+            session.highestSeenRxSeq = frame.seq;
+        }
+        sendAck(session.nextExpectedRxSeq);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    session.lastAckedRxSeq = frame.seq;
+    session.nextExpectedRxSeq = frame.seq + 1;
+    if (frame.seq > session.highestSeenRxSeq) {
+        session.highestSeenRxSeq = frame.seq;
+    }
+    if (session.highestSeenRxSeq >= session.nextExpectedRxSeq) {
+        sendAck(session.nextExpectedRxSeq);
+    } else {
+        session.highestSeenRxSeq = 0;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::sendFrameToPeer(NodeNum peer, meshtastic_RemoteShell frame, bool remember)
+{
+    meshtastic_MeshPacket *packet = allocDataPacket();
+    if (!packet) {
+        return;
+    }
+    LOG_WARN("DMShell: building packet op=%u session=0x%x seq=%u payloadLen=%zu", frame.op, frame.session_id, frame.seq,
+             frame.payload.size);
+    const size_t encoded = pb_encode_to_bytes(packet->decoded.payload.bytes, sizeof(packet->decoded.payload.bytes),
+                                              meshtastic_RemoteShell_fields, &frame);
+    if (encoded == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    packet->decoded.payload.size = encoded;
+
+    if (remember) {
+        rememberSentFrame(frame);
+    }
+
+    packet->to = peer;
+    packet->hop_limit = 0;
+    packet->hop_start = 0;
+    packet->channel = 0;
+    packet->want_ack = false;
+    packet->pki_encrypted = true;
+    packet->priority = meshtastic_MeshPacket_Priority_RELIABLE;
+    service->sendToMesh(packet);
+}
+
+void DMShellModule::sendError(const char *message, NodeNum peer)
+{
+    const size_t len = strnlen(message, MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE);
+    meshtastic_RemoteShell frame = {
+        .op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_ERROR,
+        .session_id = session.sessionId,
+        .seq = session.nextTxSeq++,
+        .ack_seq = session.lastAckedRxSeq,
+        .cols = 0,
+        .rows = 0,
+        .flags = 0,
+    };
+    if (message && len > 0) {
+        assert(len <= sizeof(frame.payload.bytes));
+        memcpy(frame.payload.bytes, message, len);
+        frame.payload.size = len;
+    }
+    if (peer == 0) {
+        peer = session.peer;
+    }
+    sendFrameToPeer(peer, frame, true);
+}
+#endif

src/modules/DMShell.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "MeshModule.h"
+#include "Router.h"
+#include "SinglePortModule.h"
+#include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
+#include "configuration.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <functional>
+
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+
+struct DMShellSession {
+    bool active = false;
+    uint32_t sessionId = 0;
+    NodeNum peer = 0;
+    uint8_t channel = 0;
+    int masterFd = -1;
+    int childPid = -1;
+    uint32_t nextTxSeq = 1;
+    uint32_t lastAckedRxSeq = 0;
+    uint32_t nextExpectedRxSeq = 1;
+    uint32_t highestSeenRxSeq = 0;
+    uint32_t lastActivityMs = 0;
+    struct SentFrame {
+        bool valid = false;
+        meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode op = meshtastic_RemoteShell_OpCode_ERROR;
+        uint32_t sessionId = 0;
+        uint32_t seq = 0;
+        uint32_t ackSeq = 0;
+        uint32_t cols = 0;
+        uint32_t rows = 0;
+        uint32_t flags = 0;
+        uint8_t payload[meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN] = {0};
+        size_t payloadLen = 0;
+    };
+    std::array<SentFrame, 50> txHistory = {};
+    size_t txHistoryNext = 0;
+};
+
+class DMShellModule : private concurrency::OSThread, public SinglePortModule
+{
+
+  public:
+    DMShellModule();
+
+  protected:
+    virtual ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    virtual int32_t runOnce() override;
+
+  private:
+    static constexpr uint32_t SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000;
+
+    DMShellSession session;
+    pid_t pendingChildPid = -1;
+
+    bool parseFrame(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_RemoteShell &outFrame);
+    bool isAuthorizedPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) const;
+    bool openSession(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame);
+    bool shouldProcessIncomingFrame(const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame);
+    bool writeSessionInput(const meshtastic_RemoteShell &frame);
+    void closeSession(const char *reason, bool notifyPeer);
+    void reapChildIfExited();
+    void processPendingChildReap();
+
+    void rememberSentFrame(meshtastic_RemoteShell frame);
+    void resendFramesFrom(uint32_t startSeq);
+    void sendAck(uint32_t replayFromSeq = 0);
+    void sendFrameToPeer(NodeNum peer, meshtastic_RemoteShell frame, bool remember = true);
+    void sendError(const char *message, NodeNum peer = 0);
+};
+
+extern DMShellModule *dmShellModule;
+
+#endif

src/modules/Modules.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "modules/WaypointModule.h"
 #endif
 #if ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#include "modules/DMShell.h"
 #include "modules/Telemetry/HostMetrics.h"
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STOREFORWARD
 #include "modules/StoreForwardModule.h"
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@ void setupModules()
 #endif
 #if ARCH_PORTDUINO
     new HostMetricsModule();
+    dmShellModule = new DMShellModule();
 #endif
 #if HAS_TELEMETRY
     new DeviceTelemetryModule();