This should work now !?

Merge branch 'strip-json' of https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware into strip-json
bring back tests
2026-10-04 03:18:10 +10:00 · 2026-04-17 21:50:32 +02:00 · 2026-04-17 21:49:37 +02:00 · 2026-04-17 21:44:51 +02:00 · 2026-04-17 21:44:51 +02:00 · 2026-04-17 21:44:51 +02:00
148 changed files with 6818 additions and 3509 deletions
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
 # trunk-ignore(hadolint/DL3008): apt packages are not pinned.
 # trunk-ignore(terrascan/AC_DOCKER_0002): apt packages are not pinned.
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
-        cmake git zip libgpiod-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev \
+        cmake git zip libgpiod-dev libjsoncpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev \
        libunistring-dev libmicrohttpd-dev libgnutls28-dev libgcrypt20-dev \
        libusb-1.0-0-dev libssl-dev pkg-config libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ cmake --install "$WORK/ulfius/$SANITIZER" --prefix /usr
 cd "$SRC/firmware"

 PLATFORMIO_EXTRA_SCRIPTS=$(echo -e "pre:.clusterfuzzlite/platformio-clusterfuzzlite-pre.py\npost:.clusterfuzzlite/platformio-clusterfuzzlite-post.py")
-STATIC_LIBS=$(pkg-config --libs --static libulfius openssl libgpiod yaml-cpp bluez --silence-errors)
+STATIC_LIBS=$(pkg-config --libs --static libulfius openssl libgpiod yaml-cpp jsoncpp bluez --silence-errors)
 export PLATFORMIO_EXTRA_SCRIPTS
 export STATIC_LIBS
 export PLATFORMIO_WORKSPACE_DIR="$WORK/pio/$SANITIZER"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
    libssl-dev \
    libulfius-dev \
    libyaml-cpp-dev \
+    libjsoncpp-dev \
    pipx \
    pkg-config \
    python3 \
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ runs:
      shell: bash
      run: |
        sudo apt-get -y update --fix-missing
-        sudo apt-get install -y cppcheck libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev lsb-release
+        sudo apt-get install -y cppcheck libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libjsoncpp-dev lsb-release

    - name: Setup Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ runs:
    - name: Install libs needed for native build
      shell: bash
      run: |
-        sudo apt-get install -y libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev openssl libssl-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev
+        sudo apt-get install -y libbluetooth-dev libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libjsoncpp-dev openssl libssl-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV_GHA_7)
+      target:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
      arch:
        type: choice
        options:
+          - all
          - esp32
          - esp32s3
          - esp32c3
@@ -15,32 +20,18 @@ on:
          - rp2040
          - rp2350
          - stm32
-      target:
-        type: string
-        required: false
-        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
-      # find-target:
-      #   type: boolean
-      #   default: true
-      #   description: 'Find the available targets'
+        description: Choose an arch to limit the search, or 'all' to search all architectures.
+        default: all

 permissions: read-all

 jobs:
  find-targets:
-    if: ${{ inputs.target == '' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
+          - all
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -51,14 +42,37 @@ jobs:
      - run: pip install -U platformio
      - name: Generate matrix
        id: jsonStep
+        env:
+          BUILDTARGET: ${{ inputs.target }}
+          MATRIXARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
        run: |
          TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level extra)
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Arch: ${{matrix.arch}}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Targets:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) |.[] | "- " + .board' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          if [ "$BUILDTARGET" = "" ]; then
+            echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Arch: $MATRIXARCH" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "## 🎯 The following target boards are available to build:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) | sort_by(.platform) |.[] | "| " + .platform + " | " + .board + " |" ' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          else
+            echo "We build this one:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            ARCH=$(echo "$TARGETS" | jq --arg BUILDTARGET "$BUILDTARGET" -r '.[] | select(.board==$BUILDTARGET) | .platform')
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| $ARCH | "$BUILDTARGET" |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            if [[ "$ARCH" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "## ❌ Error: Target "$BUILDTARGET" not found!" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            else
+              echo "## ✅ Target "$BUILDTARGET" found, proceeding to build." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            fi
+            echo "You may need to refresh this page to make the built firmware appear below." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "arch=$ARCH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+    outputs:
+      arch: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.arch }}

  version:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' }}
@@ -78,12 +92,12 @@ jobs:

  build:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' && inputs.arch != 'native' }}
-    needs: [version]
+    needs: [version, find-targets]
    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
    with:
      version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
      pio_env: ${{ inputs.target }}
-      platform: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      platform: ${{ needs.find-targets.outputs.arch }}

  gather-artifacts:
    permissions:
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
 ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
        curl wget g++ zip git ca-certificates pkg-config \
-        libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
+        libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libjsoncpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
        libusb-1.0-0-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libssl-dev \
        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev \
    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
 USER root

 RUN apt-get update && apt-get --no-install-recommends -y install \
-        libc-bin libc6 libgpiod3 libyaml-cpp0.8 libi2c0 libuv1t64 libusb-1.0-0-dev \
+        libc-bin libc6 libgpiod3 libyaml-cpp0.8 libjsoncpp26 libi2c0 libuv1t64 libusb-1.0-0-dev \
        liborcania2.3 libulfius2.7t64 libssl3t64 \
        libx11-6 libinput10 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libsdl2-2.0-0 \
    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
 # hadolint ignore=DL3008
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
        g++ git ca-certificates pkg-config \
-        libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
+        libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libjsoncpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
        libusb-1.0-0-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libssl-dev \
        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev \
    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore

 RUN apk --no-cache add \
        bash g++ libstdc++-dev linux-headers zip git ca-certificates libbsd-dev \
-        libgpiod-dev yaml-cpp-dev bluez-dev \
+        libgpiod-dev yaml-cpp-dev jsoncpp-dev bluez-dev \
        libusb-dev i2c-tools-dev libuv-dev openssl-dev pkgconf argp-standalone \
        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev sqlite-dev sdl2-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title="Meshtastic" \
 USER root

 RUN apk --no-cache add \
-        shadow libstdc++ libbsd libgpiod yaml-cpp libusb \
+        shadow libstdc++ libbsd libgpiod yaml-cpp jsoncpp libusb \
        i2c-tools libuv libx11 libinput libxkbcommon sdl2 \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \
    && mkdir -p /var/lib/meshtasticd \
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [HIGH, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HF: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_GNSS: [LOW, LOW, HIGH]
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins:
+    - DIO5
+    - DIO6
+  MODE_STBY:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_RX:
+    - HIGH
+    - LOW
+  MODE_TX:
+    - HIGH
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HP:
+    - LOW
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HF:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_GNSS:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_WIFI:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  # MODE_TX_HF: []
+  # MODE_GNSS: []
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# For use with Armbian luckfox-pico-max
+# Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
+# https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LoRa-SX1262
+
+Meta:
+  name: luckfox-pico-max-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-hat
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-max # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  spidev: spidev0.0
+  Busy: # GPIO1_C7 / GP2
+    pin: 55
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 23
+  CS: # GPIO1_C6 / GP3
+    pin: 54
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 22
+  Reset: # GPIO1_D1 / GP15
+    pin: 57
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 25
+  IRQ: # GPIO2_A2 / GP20
+    pin: 66
+    gpiochip: 2
+    line: 2
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13),
               g++,
               pkg-config,
               libyaml-cpp-dev,
+               libjsoncpp-dev,
               libgpiod-dev,
               libbluetooth-dev,
               libusb-1.0-0-dev,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ BuildRequires: python3dist(grpcio-tools)
 BuildRequires: git-core
 BuildRequires: gcc-c++
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(yaml-cpp)
+BuildRequires: pkgconfig(jsoncpp)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libgpiod)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(bluez)
 BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libusb-1.0)
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERSTRESS=1 ; exclude power stress test module from main firmware
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GENERIC_THREAD_MODULE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERMON=1
-	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS=1
 	-D MAX_THREADS=40 ; As we've split modules, we have more threads to manage
-	-DLED_BUILTIN=-1
 	#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME ; set in platformio-custom.py now
 	#-D OLED_PL=1
 	#-D DEBUG_HEAP=1 ; uncomment to add free heap space / memory leak debugging logs
@@ -227,6 +225,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-sfa3x/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Sensirion I2C SCD30 packageName=sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=arduino-sht packageName=sensirion/arduino-sht
+	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-sht/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.6.zip

 ; Environmental sensors with BSEC2 (Bosch proprietary IAQ)
 [environmental_extra]
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ const char *DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(meshtastic_Config_LoRaC
                                                         bool usePreset)
 {

-    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom"
+    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom" — callers such as RadioInterface and Channels
+    // rely on this being a stable literal for channel-name hashing and default-channel detection.
    if (!usePreset) {
        return "Custom";
    }
@@ -40,6 +40,22 @@
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && defined(BATTERY_PIN)
+#include "stm32yyxx_ll_adc.h"
+
+/* Analog read resolution */
+#if defined(LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#elif defined(LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#else
+#error "ADC resolution could not be defined!"
+#endif
+#define ADC_RANGE (1 << BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DEBUG_HEAP_MQTT) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
@@ -328,11 +344,17 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
            float scaled = 0;

            battery_adcEnable();
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ADC block for espressif platforms
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+            // STM32 ADC with VREFINT runtime calibration
+            Vref = __LL_ADC_CALC_VREFANALOG_VOLTAGE(analogRead(AVREF), LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            raw = analogRead(BATTERY_PIN);
+            scaled = __LL_ADC_CALC_DATA_TO_VOLTAGE(Vref, raw, LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ADC block for espressif platforms
            raw = espAdcRead();
            scaled = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw, adc_characs);
            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
-#else // block for all other platforms
+#else                     // block for all other platforms
 #ifdef ARCH_NRF52
            concurrency::LockGuard saadcGuard(concurrency::nrf52SaadcLock);
 #endif
@@ -530,6 +552,11 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    bool initial_read_done = false;
    float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
    uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    // 3300mV placeholder for STM32 errata where VREFINT factory calibration may be missing
+    // (e.g. STM32U0, see DS14756 Rev 3 §2.4.1 "VREFINT offset")
+    uint32_t Vref = 3300;
+#endif

 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && defined(HAS_RAKPROT)

@@ -639,7 +666,9 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 10
 #endif

-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ESP32 needs special analog stuff

 #ifndef ADC_WIDTH // max resolution by default
    static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12;
@@ -649,7 +678,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1
    adc1_config_width(width);
    adc1_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
-#else // ADC2
+#else                        // ADC2
    adc2_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
    // ADC2 wifi bug workaround
@@ -679,7 +708,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()

    // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform

-#ifndef ARCH_ESP32
+#if !defined(ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
 #endif

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ size_t RedirectablePrint::write(uint8_t c)
 size_t RedirectablePrint::vprintf(const char *logLevel, const char *format, va_list arg)
 {
    va_list copy;
-#if ENABLE_JSON_LOGGING || ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
    static char printBuf[512];
 #else
    static char printBuf[160];
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u.%03u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u ", millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u.%03u ", millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ SerialConsole *console;

 void consoleInit()
 {
+    if (console) {
+        return;
+    }
    auto sc = new SerialConsole(); // Must be dynamically allocated because we are now inheriting from thread

 #if defined(SERIAL_HAS_ON_RECEIVE)
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 // Configuration
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

+// Pre-hop drop handling (compile-time flag).
+#ifndef MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+#define MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP 0
+#endif
+
 /// Convert a preprocessor name into a quoted string
 #define xstr(s) ystr(s)
 #define ystr(s) #s
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define BME_ADDR 0x76
 #define BME_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x77
 #define MCP9808_ADDR 0x18
-#define INA_ADDR 0x40
+#define INA_ADDR 0x40 // same as SHT2X
 #define INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x41
 #define INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS 0x43
 #define INA3221_ADDR 0x42
@@ -239,8 +244,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR 0x5C
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR_ALT 0x5D
 #define SFA30_ADDR 0x5D
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR 0x44
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT 0x45
+#define SHTXX_ADDR 0x44
+#define SHTXX_ADDR_ALT 0x45
 #define PMSA003I_ADDR 0x12
 #define QMA6100P_ADDR 0x12
 #define AHT10_ADDR 0x38
@@ -510,6 +515,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REMOTEHARDWARE 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STOREFORWARD 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TEXTMESSAGE 1
+#define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ATAK 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_CANNEDMESSAGES 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_NEIGHBORINFO 1
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ class ScanI2C
        INA3221,
        MAX17048,
        MCP9808,
-        SHT31,
-        SHT4X,
-        SHTC3,
        LPS22HB,
        QMC6310U,
        QMC6310N,
@@ -94,7 +91,8 @@ class ScanI2C
        SFA30,
        CW2015,
        SCD30,
-        ADS1115
+        ADS1115,
+        SHTXX
    } DeviceType;

    // typedef uint8_t DeviceAddress;
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ bool ScanI2CTwoWire::i2cCommandResponseLength(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress addr, uint1
    return match;
 }

-/// for SEN5X detection
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
+// FIXME Move to a separate file for detection of sensors that require more complex interactions?
+// For SEN5X detection
 // Note, this code needs to be called before setting the I2C bus speed
 // for the screen at high speed. The speed needs to be at 100kHz, otherwise
 // detection will not work
@@ -174,6 +176,46 @@ String readSEN5xProductName(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)

    return String(productName);
 }
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+bool detectSHT21SerialNumber(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
+{
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFA);
+    i2cBus->write(0x0F);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)8) != 8)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 8) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFC);
+    i2cBus->write(0xC9);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)6) != 6)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 6) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    // Assume we detect the SHT21 if something came back from the request
+    return true;
+}
+#endif

 #define SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(ADDR, T, ...)                                                                                           \
    case ADDR:                                                                                                                   \
@@ -371,7 +413,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                break;
 #endif
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
-            case INA_ADDR:
+            case INA_ADDR: // Same as SHT2X
            case INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE:
            case INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS:
                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
@@ -387,7 +429,12 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                        logFoundDevice("INA260", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                        type = INA260;
                    }
-                } else { // Assume INA219 if INA260 ID is not found
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+                } else if (detectSHT21SerialNumber(i2cBus, (uint8_t)addr.address)) {
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX (SHT2X)", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    type = SHTXX;
+#endif
+                } else { // Assume INA219 if none of the above ones are found
                    logFoundDevice("INA219", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                    type = INA219;
                }
@@ -448,22 +495,19 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                    }
                    break;
                }
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
+            case SHTXX_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
+            case SHTXX_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
                if (getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0x7E), 2) == 0x5449) {
                    type = OPT3001;
                    logFoundDevice("OPT3001", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else if (i2cCommandResponseLength(addr, 0x89, 6)) { // SHT4x serial number (6 bytes inc. CRC)
-                    type = SHT4X;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT4X", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else {
-                    type = SHT31;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT31", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                } else { // SHTXX
+                    type = SHTXX;
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                }

                break;

-                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTC3, "SHTC3", (uint8_t)addr.address)
+                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTXX, "SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address)
            case RCWL9620_ADDR:
                // get MAX30102 PARTID
                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFF), 1);
@@ -675,6 +719,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                    logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                    break;
                } else {
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
                    String prod = "";
                    prod = readSEN5xProductName(i2cBus, addr.address);
                    if (prod.startsWith("SEN55")) {
@@ -690,6 +735,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                        logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN50", addr.address);
                        break;
                    }
+#endif
                    if (addr.address == BMX160_ADDR) {
                        type = BMX160;
                        logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ static int32_t gpsSwitch()
    if (gps) {
        int currentState = digitalRead(PIN_GPS_SWITCH);

+        // Respect explicit NOT_PRESENT mode and do not let the hardware switch re-enable GPS.
+        if (config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            gps->disable();
+            lastState = currentState;
+            firstrun = false;
+            return 1000;
+        }
+
        // if the switch is set to zero, disable the GPS Thread
        if (firstrun)
            if (currentState == LOW)
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
        for (size_t i = 0; i < nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes(); i++) {
            const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *n = nodeDB->getMeshNodeByIndex(i);
            if (n && n->num != nodeDB->getNodeNum() && n->is_favorite) {
-                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo);
+                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode);
            }
        }

@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
    static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
    ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));

-    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawNodeInfo to pick a new node (because our list just changed)
+    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawFavoriteNode to pick a new node (because our list just changed)

    // Focus on a specific frame, in the frame set we just created
    switch (focus) {
@@ -1254,14 +1254,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)

        // Did we find a pixel that needs updating on this row?
        if (x_FirstPixelUpdate < displayWidth) {
+            // Align the first pixel for update to an even number so the total alignment of
+            // the data will be at 32-bit boundary, which is required by GDMA SPI transfers.
+            x_FirstPixelUpdate &= ~1;

-            // Quickly write out the first changed pixel (saves another array lookup)
-            linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;
-            x_LastPixelUpdate = x_FirstPixelUpdate;
-
-            // Step 3: copy all remaining pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
-            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating
-            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1; x < displayWidth; x++) {
+            // Step 3a: copy rest of the pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
+            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating.
+            // Since the first changed pixel will be looked up, the x_LastPixelUpdate will be set.
+            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate; x < displayWidth; x++) {
                isset = buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
                linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;

@@ -1274,6 +1274,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
                    x_LastPixelUpdate = x;
                }
            }
+            // Step 3b: Round up the last pixel to odd number to maintain 32-bit alignment for SPIs.
+            // Most displays will have even number of pixels in a row -- this will be in bounds
+            // of the displayWidth. (Hopefully odd displays will just ignore that extra pixel.)
+            x_LastPixelUpdate |= 1;
+            // Ensure the last pixel index does not exceed the display width.
+            if (x_LastPixelUpdate >= displayWidth) {
+                x_LastPixelUpdate = displayWidth - 1;
+            }
 #if defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
            tft->draw16bitBeRGBBitmap(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate],
                                      (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1);
@@ -408,7 +408,16 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
    display->drawString(nameX, getTextPositions(display)[line++], device_role);

    // === Third Row: Radio Preset ===
-    auto mode = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset);
+    // For custom modem settings show the actual parameters; for presets use the preset name.
+    char modeStr[16];
+    if (!config.lora.use_preset) {
+        snprintf(modeStr, sizeof(modeStr), "BW%u-SF%u-CR%u", static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.bandwidth),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.spread_factor), static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.coding_rate));
+    } else {
+        strncpy(modeStr, DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, true),
+                sizeof(modeStr) - 1);
+        modeStr[sizeof(modeStr) - 1] = '\0';
+    }

    char regionradiopreset[25];
    const char *region = myRegion ? myRegion->name : NULL;
@@ -416,7 +425,7 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
        if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s", region);
        } else {
-            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, mode);
+            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, modeStr);
        }
    }
    textWidth = display->getStringWidth(regionradiopreset);
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/MeshTypes.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"
 #include "modules/AdminModule.h"
 #include "modules/CannedMessageModule.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>

@@ -159,31 +161,22 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
                return;
            }

+            // Guard: without a reboot, reconfigure() applies the region directly.
+            // Reject LORA_24 on sub-GHz-only hardware — getRadio() used to catch this post-reboot.
+            // TODO: change this to either use the validateLoraConfig() logic or at least check the region for wideLora
+            // rather than a hardcoded check for LORA_24.
+            if (selectedRegion == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24 &&
+                !(RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora())) {
+                LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; ignoring region selection");
+                return;
+            }
+
            config.lora.region = selectedRegion;
            auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

-        // FIXME: This should be a method consolidated with the same logic in the admin message as well
-        // This is needed as we wait til picking the LoRa region to generate keys for the first time.
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    // public key is derived from private, so this will always have the same result.
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
+            if (crypto) {
+                crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
            }
 #endif
            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
@@ -199,7 +192,6 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
            }

            service->reloadConfig(changes);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    bannerOptions.durationMs = duration;
@@ -265,13 +257,24 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
    optionsEnumArray[options++] = 0;

    // Calculate number of channels (copied from RadioInterface::applyModemConfig())
+
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
    double bw = loraConfig.use_preset ? modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora)
                                      : bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);

    uint32_t numChannels = 0;
    if (myRegion) {
-        numChannels = (uint32_t)floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000.0)));
+        // Match RadioInterface::applyModemConfig(): include padding, add spacing in numerator, and use round()
+        const double spacing = myRegion->profile->spacing;
+        const double padding = myRegion->profile->padding;
+        const double channelBandwidthMHz = bw / 1000.0;
+        const double numerator = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) + spacing;
+        const double denominator = spacing + (padding * 2) + channelBandwidthMHz;
+        if (denominator > 0.0) {
+            numChannels = static_cast<uint32_t>(round(numerator / denominator));
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid region configuration: non-positive channel spacing/width");
+        }
    } else {
        LOG_WARN("Region not set, cannot calculate number of channels");
        return;
@@ -307,7 +310,6 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()

        config.lora.channel_num = selected;
        service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-        rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
    };

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -346,7 +348,6 @@ void menuHandler::radioPresetPicker()
            config.lora.channel_num = 0;        // Reset to default channel for the preset
            config.lora.override_frequency = 0; // Clear any custom frequency
            service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "CompassRenderer.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h" // for getTime() function
@@ -92,8 +95,41 @@ std::string getSafeNodeName(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node,

    // 1) Choose target candidate (long vs short) only if present
    const char *raw = nullptr;
-    if (node && node->has_user) {
-        raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // If long-name mode is enabled, and we have a recent status for this node,
+    // prefer "(short_name) statusText" as the raw candidate.
+    std::string composedFromStatus;
+    if (config.display.use_long_node_name && node && node->has_user && statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            const char *shortName = node->user.short_name;
+            composedFromStatus.reserve(4 + (shortName ? std::strlen(shortName) : 0) + 1 + found->statusText.size());
+            composedFromStatus += "(";
+            if (shortName && *shortName) {
+                composedFromStatus += shortName;
+            }
+            composedFromStatus += ") ";
+            composedFromStatus += found->statusText;
+
+            raw = composedFromStatus.c_str(); // safe for now; we'll sanitize immediately into std::string
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // If we didn't compose from status, use normal long/short selection
+    if (!raw) {
+        if (node && node->has_user) {
+            raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+        }
    }

    // 2) Preserve UTF-8 names so emotes can be detected and rendered.
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "airtime.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodes(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const mes
 // * Favorite Node Info *
 // **********************
 // cppcheck-suppress constParameterPointer; signature must match FrameCallback typedef from OLEDDisplayUi library
-void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
+void UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
    if (favoritedNodes.empty())
        return;
@@ -342,6 +345,57 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
        UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], username, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, false);
    }

+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // === Optional: Last received StatusMessage line for this node ===
+    // Display it directly under the username line (if we have one).
+    if (statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+
+        // Search newest-to-oldest
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            std::string statusLine = std::string(" Status: ") + found->statusText;
+            {
+                const int screenW = display->getWidth();
+                const int ellipseW = display->getStringWidth("...");
+                int w = display->getStringWidth(statusLine.c_str());
+
+                // Only do work if it overflows
+                if (w > screenW) {
+                    bool truncated = false;
+                    if (ellipseW > screenW) {
+                        statusLine.clear();
+                    } else {
+                        while (!statusLine.empty()) {
+                            // remove one char (byte) at a time
+                            statusLine.pop_back();
+                            truncated = true;
+
+                            // Measure candidate with ellipsis appended
+                            std::string candidate = statusLine + "...";
+                            if (display->getStringWidth(candidate.c_str()) <= screenW) {
+                                statusLine = std::move(candidate);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (statusLine.empty() && ellipseW <= screenW) {
+                            statusLine = "...";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], statusLine.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
    // === 2. Signal and Hops (combined on one line, if available) ===
    char signalHopsStr[32] = "";
    bool haveSignal = false;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class UIRenderer
    // Navigation bar overlay
    static void drawNavigationBar(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);

-    static void drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+    static void drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);

    static void drawDeviceFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);

@@ -177,24 +177,8 @@ static void applyLoRaRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region)
    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-    if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-        bool keygenSuccess = false;
-
-        if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-            if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                keygenSuccess = true;
-            }
-        } else {
-            crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-            keygenSuccess = true;
-        }
-
-        if (keygenSuccess) {
-            config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-            config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-            owner.public_key.size = 32;
-            memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-        }
+    if (crypto) {
+        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
    }
 #endif

@@ -10,8 +10,26 @@
 #include "memGet.h"
 #include "configuration.h"

-#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+#if defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP)
 #include <malloc.h>
+#include <unistd.h> // sbrk
+
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+// Returns the uncommitted sbrk headroom: addressable space between the current heap
+// break and the stack pointer that has not yet been committed to the arena.
+static uint32_t sbrkHeadroom()
+{
+    // defined in STM32 linker script
+    extern char _estack;
+    extern char _Min_Stack_Size;
+
+    uint32_t max_sp = (uint32_t)(&_estack - &_Min_Stack_Size);
+    uint32_t heap_end = (uint32_t)sbrk(0);
+    return (max_sp > heap_end) ? (max_sp - heap_end) : 0;
+}
+#else
+#error Unsupported architecture!
+#endif
 #endif

 MemGet memGet;
@@ -28,9 +46,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getFreeHeap()
    return dbgHeapFree();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
    return rp2040.getFreeHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
    struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.fordblks; // Total free space (bytes)
+    return m.fordblks + sbrkHeadroom(); // Free space within arena + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
    // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
    return UINT32_MAX;
@@ -49,9 +67,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getHeapSize()
    return dbgHeapTotal();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
    return rp2040.getTotalHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
    struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.arena; // Non-mmapped space allocated (bytes)
+    return m.arena + sbrkHeadroom(); // Non-mmapped space allocated + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
    // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
    return UINT32_MAX;
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <memory>

 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "aes-ccm.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,15 @@ void CryptoEngine::generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
 {
    // Mix in any randomness we can, to make key generation stronger.
    CryptRNG.begin(optstr(APP_VERSION));
+
+    uint8_t hardwareEntropy[64] = {0};
+    if (HardwareRNG::fill(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy), true)) {
+        CryptRNG.stir(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+    } else {
+        LOG_WARN("Hardware entropy unavailable, falling back to software RNG");
+    }
+    memset(hardwareEntropy, 0, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+
    if (myNodeInfo.device_id.size == 16) {
        CryptRNG.stir(myNodeInfo.device_id.bytes, myNodeInfo.device_id.size);
    }
@@ -61,6 +71,33 @@ bool CryptoEngine::regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
    }
    return true;
 }
+
+bool CryptoEngine::ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user)
+{
+    if (user.is_licensed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool keygenSuccess = false;
+    if (security.private_key.size == 32) {
+        if (regeneratePublicKey(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes)) {
+            keygenSuccess = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
+        generateKeyPair(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes);
+        keygenSuccess = true;
+    }
+
+    if (keygenSuccess) {
+        security.public_key.size = 32;
+        security.private_key.size = 32;
+        user.public_key.size = 32;
+        memcpy(user.public_key.bytes, security.public_key.bytes, 32);
+    }
+
+    return keygenSuccess;
+}
 #endif

 /**
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class CryptoEngine
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN)
    virtual void generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
    virtual bool regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
+    virtual bool ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user);

 #endif
    void setDHPrivateKey(uint8_t *_private_key);
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 #define min_node_info_broadcast_secs 60 * 60 // No regular broadcasts of more than once an hour
 #define min_neighbor_info_broadcast_secs 4 * 60 * 60
 #define default_map_publish_interval_secs 60 * 60
+
+// Traffic management defaults
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_precision_bits 24               // ~10m grid cells
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_min_interval_secs (ONE_DAY / 2) // 12 hours between identical positions
+
 #ifdef USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #define default_ringtone_nag_secs USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #else
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+#include "RadioLibInterface.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+#include <Adafruit_nRFCrypto.h>
+extern Adafruit_nRFCrypto nRFCrypto;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#include <esp_system.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+#include <random>
+#include <sys/random.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+void fillWithRandomDevice(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    std::random_device rd;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rd();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+}
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+bool mixWithLoRaEntropy(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    // Only attempt to pull entropy from the modem if it is initialized and exposes the helper.
+    // When the radio stack is disabled or has not yet been configured, we simply skip this step
+    // and return false so callers know no extra mixing occurred.
+    RadioLibInterface *radio = RadioLibInterface::instance;
+    if (!radio) {
+        LOG_ERROR("No radio instance available to provide entropy");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t chunkSize = 16;
+    uint8_t scratch[chunkSize];
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    bool mixed = false;
+
+    while (offset < length) {
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, chunkSize);
+
+        // randomBytes() returns false if the modem does not support it or is not ready
+        // (for instance, when the radio is powered down). We break immediately to avoid
+        // blocking or returning partially-filled entropy and simply report failure.
+        if (!radio->randomBytes(scratch, toCopy)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < toCopy; ++i) {
+            buffer[offset + i] ^= scratch[i];
+        }
+
+        mixed = true;
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid leaving the modem-sourced bytes sitting on the stack longer than needed.
+    if (mixed) {
+        memset(scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
+    }
+
+    return mixed;
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace
+
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool filled = false;
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+    // The Nordic SDK RNG provides cryptographic-quality randomness backed by hardware.
+    nRFCrypto.begin();
+    auto result = nRFCrypto.Random.generate(buffer, length);
+    nRFCrypto.end();
+    filled = result;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+    // ESP32 exposes a true RNG via esp_fill_random().
+    esp_fill_random(buffer, length);
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+    // RP2040 has a hardware random number generator accessible through the Arduino core.
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rp2040.hwrand32();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+    // Prefer the host OS RNG first when running under Portduino.
+    ssize_t generated = ::getrandom(buffer, length, 0);
+    if (generated == static_cast<ssize_t>(length)) {
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        // As a last resort, fall back to std::random_device. This should only be reached
+        // if a platform-specific source was unavailable.
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+    if (useRadioEntropy) {
+        // Best-effort: if the radio is active and can provide modem entropy, XOR it over the
+        // buffer to improve overall quality. We consider the filling a success if either a
+        // good platform RNG or the modem RNG provided data, so we return true as long as at
+        // least one of those steps succeeded.
+        filled = mixWithLoRaEntropy(buffer, length) || filled;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return filled;
+}
+
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut)
+{
+    uint32_t candidate = 0;
+    if (!fill(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&candidate), sizeof(candidate), true)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    seedOut = candidate;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+/**
+ * Fill the provided buffer with random bytes sourced from the most
+ * appropriate hardware-backed RNG available on the current platform.
+ *
+ * @param buffer Destination buffer for random bytes
+ * @param length Number of bytes to write
+ * @param useRadioEntropy If true, attempt to mix radio entropy into the output as well.
+ * @return true if the buffer was fully populated with entropy, false on failure
+ */
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy = false);
+
+/**
+ * Populate a 32-bit seed value with hardware-backed randomness where possible.
+ *
+ * @param seedOut Destination for the generated seed value
+ * @return true if a seed was produced from a reliable entropy source
+ */
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut);
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG
@@ -71,12 +71,10 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::init()

    RadioLibInterface::init();

-    limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER);
-
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) &&
-        (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) { // clamp again if wide freq range
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-        preambleLength = 12; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
    }

 #ifdef LR11X0_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ
@@ -177,6 +175,12 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
    err = lora.setSyncWord(syncWord);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
+    }
+
    err = lora.setPreambleLength(preambleLength);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

@@ -184,14 +188,14 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > LR1110_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = LR1110_MAX_POWER;
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) && (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) // 2.4G power limit
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-
    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY, matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("LR11x0 setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -4,19 +4,54 @@
 #include "MeshTypes.h"
 #include "PointerQueue.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include "detect/LoRaRadioType.h"
+
+// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array
+static constexpr meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
+    static_cast<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>(0xFF);
+
+// Region profile: bundles the preset list with regulatory parameters shared across regions
+struct RegionProfile {
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *presets; // sentinel-terminated; first entry is the default
+    float spacing;                                           // gaps between radio channels
+    float padding;                                           // padding at each side of the "operating channel"
+    bool audioPermitted;
+    bool licensedOnly;        // a region profile for licensed operators only
+    int8_t textThrottle;      // throttle for text - future expansion
+    int8_t positionThrottle;  // throttle for location data - future expansion
+    int8_t telemetryThrottle; // throttle for telemetry - future expansion
+    uint8_t overrideSlot;     // a per-region override slot for if we need to fix it in place
+};
+
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_LITE;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_NARROW;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_HAM;

 // Map from old region names to new region enums
 struct RegionInfo {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code;
    float freqStart;
    float freqEnd;
-    float dutyCycle;
-    float spacing;
+    float dutyCycle;    // modified by getEffectiveDutyCycle
    uint8_t powerLimit; // Or zero for not set
-    bool audioPermitted;
    bool freqSwitching;
    bool wideLora;
+    const RegionProfile *profile;
    const char *name; // EU433 etc
+
+    // Preset accessors (delegate through profile)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset getDefaultPreset() const { return profile->presets[0]; }
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *getAvailablePresets() const { return profile->presets; }
+    size_t getNumPresets() const
+    {
+        size_t n = 0;
+        while (profile->presets[n] != MODEM_PRESET_END)
+            n++;
+        return n;
+    }
 };

 extern const RegionInfo regions[];
@@ -25,7 +60,7 @@ extern const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 extern void initRegion();

 // Valid LoRa spread factor range and defaults
-constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 7;
+constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 5;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MAX = 12;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_DEFAULT = 11; // LONG_FAST default

@@ -37,10 +72,14 @@ constexpr uint8_t LORA_CR_DEFAULT = 5; // LONG_FAST default
 // Default bandwidth in kHz (LONG_FAST)
 constexpr float LORA_BW_DEFAULT_KHZ = 250.0f;

-/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [7, 12].
+/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [5, 12].
 /// Out-of-range values (including 0 from unset preset mode) return LORA_SF_DEFAULT.
 static inline uint8_t clampSpreadFactor(uint8_t sf)
 {
+    // We check for RF95 radios that are incompatible with Spreading Factors 5 and 6.
+    if (radioType == RF95_RADIO && (sf == 5 || sf == 6))
+        return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
+
    if (sf < LORA_SF_MIN || sf > LORA_SF_MAX)
        return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
    return sf;
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #endif
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "NodeDB.h"

 NextHopRouter::NextHopRouter() {}
@@ -126,15 +129,28 @@ void NextHopRouter::sniffReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtast
 /* Check if we should be rebroadcasting this packet if so, do so. */
 bool NextHopRouter::perhapsRebroadcast(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 {
-    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && p->hop_limit > 0) {
+    // Check if traffic management wants to exhaust this packet's hops
+    bool exhaustHops = false;
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    if (trafficManagementModule && trafficManagementModule->shouldExhaustHops(*p)) {
+        exhaustHops = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Allow rebroadcast if hop_limit > 0 OR if we're exhausting hops (which sets hop_limit = 0 but still needs one relay)
+    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && (p->hop_limit > 0 || exhaustHops)) {
        if (p->id != 0) {
            if (isRebroadcaster()) {
                if (p->next_hop == NO_NEXT_HOP_PREFERENCE || p->next_hop == nodeDB->getLastByteOfNodeNum(getNodeNum())) {
                    meshtastic_MeshPacket *tosend = packetPool.allocCopy(*p); // keep a copy because we will be sending it
                    LOG_INFO("Rebroadcast received message coming from %x", p->relay_node);

-                    // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
-                    if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                    // If exhausting hops, force hop_limit = 0 regardless of other logic
+                    if (exhaustHops) {
+                        tosend->hop_limit = 0;
+                        LOG_INFO("Traffic management: exhausting hops for 0x%08x, setting hop_limit=0", getFrom(p));
+                    } else if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                        // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
                        tosend->hop_limit--; // bump down the hop count
                    } else {
                        LOG_INFO("favorite-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE-to-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE rebroadcast: preserving hop_limit");
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
    // Coerce LoRa config fields derived from presets while bootstrapping.
    // Some clients/UI components display bandwidth/spread_factor directly from config even in preset mode.
    if (config.has_lora && config.lora.use_preset) {
-        RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(config.lora);
+        RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(config.lora);
    }

 #if defined(USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED) && USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED
@@ -1650,6 +1650,25 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
    return delta;
 }

+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+    // Guard against invalid values.
+    if (p.hop_start < p.hop_limit)
+        return HopStartStatus::INVALID;
+
+    if (p.hop_start == 0) {
+        // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
+        // bitfield that is always present. Use the presence of the bitfield to determine if the origin's firmware
+        // version is guaranteed to have hop_start populated. Note that this can only be done for decoded packets as
+        // the bitfield is encrypted under the channel encryption key.
+        if (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag && p.decoded.has_bitfield)
+            return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+        return HopStartStatus::MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+}
+
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown)
 {
    // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
@@ -1687,6 +1706,22 @@ size_t NodeDB::getNumOnlineMeshNodes(bool localOnly)
 #include "MeshModule.h"
 #include "Throttle.h"

+static constexpr uint32_t HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
+
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context)
+{
+    static uint32_t lastLogMs = 0;
+    if (Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastLogMs, HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    lastLogMs = millis();
+    const bool decoded = (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag);
+    const bool hasBitfield = decoded && p.decoded.has_bitfield;
+    LOG_DEBUG(
+        "Drop packet (%s): hop_start invalid/missing (from=0x%x id=%u hop_start=%u hop_limit=%u decoded=%d has_bitfield=%d)",
+        context ? context : "unknown", p.from, p.id, p.hop_start, p.hop_limit, decoded, hasBitfield);
+}
+
 /** Update position info for this node based on received position data
 */
 void NodeDB::updatePosition(uint32_t nodeId, const meshtastic_Position &p, RxSource src)
@@ -114,6 +114,27 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p);
 /// Returns defaultIfUnknown if the number of hops couldn't be determined.
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown = -1);

+enum class HopStartStatus : uint8_t { VALID = 0, MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN, INVALID };
+
+/// Classify hop_start validity for forwarding decisions.
+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p);
+
+inline bool shouldDropPacketForPreHop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+#if !MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+    (void)p;
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (isFromUs(&p)) {
+        return false; // local-originated packets should never be dropped by pre-hop drop policy
+    }
+    return classifyHopStart(p) != HopStartStatus::VALID;
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Rate-limited debug log when hop_start is invalid/missing and packet is dropped.
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context);
+
 enum LoadFileResult {
    // Successfully opened the file
    LOAD_SUCCESS = 1,
@@ -449,6 +449,11 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
            break;
+        case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+            LOG_DEBUG("Send module config: traffic management");
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("Unknown module config type %d", config_state);
        }
@@ -17,14 +17,4 @@ template <class T> class PointerQueue : public TypedQueue<T *>

        return this->dequeue(&p, maxWait) ? p : nullptr;
    }
-
-#ifdef HAS_FREE_RTOS
-    // returns a ptr or null if the queue was empty
-    T *dequeuePtrFromISR(BaseType_t *higherPriWoken)
-    {
-        T *p;
-
-        return this->dequeueFromISR(&p, higherPriWoken) ? p : nullptr;
-    }
-#endif
 };
@@ -240,8 +240,7 @@ bool RF95Interface::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > RF95_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = RF95_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(RF95_MAX_POWER);

 #ifdef USE_RF95_RFO
    err = lora->setOutputPower(power, true);
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <pb_decode.h>
 #include <pb_encode.h>
+#include <string.h>

 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
@@ -32,10 +33,32 @@
 #include "STM32WLE5JCInterface.h"
 #endif

-#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, frequency_switching, wide_lora)      \
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_STD[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,    MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_EU_868[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_UNDEF[] = {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+                                                                         MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+// Region profiles: bundle preset list + regulatory parameters shared across regions
+// presets, spacing, padding, audio, licensed, text throttle, position throttle, telemetry throttle, override slot
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD = {PRESETS_STD, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868 = {PRESETS_EU_868, 0, 0, false, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF = {PRESETS_UNDEF, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching, wide_lora, profile_ptr)                   \
    {                                                                                                                            \
-        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, \
-            frequency_switching, wide_lora, #name                                                                                \
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching,      \
+            wide_lora, &profile_ptr, #name                                                                                       \
    }

 const RegionInfo regions[] = {
@@ -43,7 +66,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4842-4357-2%2F1.pdf
        https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
    */
-    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        EN300220 ETSI V3.2.1 [Table B.1, Item H, p. 21]
@@ -51,8 +74,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.02.01_60/en_30022002v030201p.pdf
        FIXME: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3371
     */
-    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
+    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
    /*
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/duty-cycle/
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
@@ -67,33 +89,33 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
       AFA) to avoid a duty cycle. (Please refer to line P page 22 of this document.)
       https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.01.01_60/en_30022002v030101p.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 0, 27, false, false, false),
+    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_EU868),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 0, 19, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 19, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
        https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/5-STD-T108v1_5-E1.pdf
        https://qiita.com/ammo0613/items/d952154f1195b64dc29f
     */
-    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 0, 13, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 13, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.iot.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/IoTSpectrumFactSheet.pdf
        https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
        Also used in Brazil.
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433.05 - 434.79 MHz, 25mW EIRP max, No duty cycle restrictions
        AU Low Interference Potential https://www.acma.gov.au/licences/low-interference-potential-devices-lipd-class-licence
        NZ General User Radio Licence for Short Range Devices https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-go3100
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://digital.gov.ru/uploaded/files/prilozhenie-12-k-reshenyu-gkrch-18-46-03-1.pdf
@@ -101,13 +123,13 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Note:
            - We do LBT, so 100% is allowed.
     */
-    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=53943&efYd=0
        https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp002-1-0-4-regional-parameters
     */
-    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 0, 23, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 23, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Taiwan, 920-925Mhz, limited to 0.5W indoor or coastal, 1.0W outdoor.
@@ -115,44 +137,40 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.ncc.gov.tw/english/files/23070/102_5190_230703_1_doc_C.PDF
        https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/egFront/e_detail.do?metaid=147283
     */
-    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
         https://rrf.rsm.govt.nz/smart-web/smart/page/-smart/domain/licence/LicenceSummary.wdk?id=219752
         https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 36, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 36, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
       https://standard.nbtc.go.th/getattachment/Standards/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1/1033-2565.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH
       Thailand 920–925 MHz set max TX power to 27 dBm and enforce 10% duty cycle, aligned with NBTC regulations.
    */
-    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433,05-434,7 Mhz 10 mW
-        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
-    */
-    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
-    /*
        868,0-868,6 Mhz 25 mW
        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
        433 - 435 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
@@ -161,14 +179,14 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Frequency hopping is used for 919 - 923 MHz.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, true, false),
+    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 27, true, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Singapore
        SG_923 Band 30d: 917 - 925 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulation-licensing-and-consultations/ict-standards/telecommunication-standards/radio-comms/imdatssrd.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Philippines
@@ -178,8 +196,9 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/4948#issuecomment-2394926135
    */

-    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false), RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 0, 24, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 24, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Kazakhstan
@@ -187,37 +206,38 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                863 - 868 MHz <25 mW EIRP, 500kHz channels allowed, must not be used at airfields
                                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/7204
    */
-    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Nepal
        865 MHz to 868 MHz frequency band for IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), and smart metering use,
       specifically in non-cellular mode. https://www.nta.gov.np/uploads/contents/Radio-Frequency-Policy-2080-English.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Brazil
        902 - 907.5 MHz , 1W power limit, no duty cycle restrictions
        https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3741
    */
-    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       2.4 GHZ WLAN Band equivalent. Only for SX128x chips.
    */
-    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, true),
+    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        This needs to be last. Same as US.
    */
-    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false)
+    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_UNDEF)

 };

 const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 bool RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+bool RadioInterface::uses_custom_channel_name = false;

 static uint8_t bytes[MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 1];

@@ -503,45 +523,14 @@ void initRegion()
    myRegion = r;
 }

-void RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
 {
-    if (!loraConfig.use_preset) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Find region info to determine whether "wide" LoRa is permitted (2.4 GHz uses wider bandwidth codes).
    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
-    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != loraConfig.region; r++)
+    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != code; r++)
        ;
-
-    const bool regionWideLora = r->wideLora;
-
-    float bwKHz = 0;
-    uint8_t sf = 0;
-    uint8_t cr = 0;
-    modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-
-    // If selected preset requests a bandwidth larger than the region span, fall back to LONG_FAST.
-    if (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && (r->freqEnd - r->freqStart) < (bwKHz / 1000.0f)) {
-        loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
-        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-    }
-
-    loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(bwKHz);
-    loraConfig.spread_factor = sf;
+    return r;
 }

-/**
- * ## LoRaWAN for North America
-
-LoRaWAN defines 64, 125 kHz channels from 902.3 to 914.9 MHz increments.
-
-The maximum output power for North America is +30 dBM.
-
-The band is from 902 to 928 MHz. It mentions channel number and its respective channel frequency. All the 13 channels are
-separated by 2.16 MHz with respect to the adjacent channels. Channel zero starts at 903.08 MHz center frequency.
-*/
-
 uint32_t RadioInterface::getPacketTime(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool received)
 {
    uint32_t pl = 0;
@@ -751,7 +740,7 @@ void RadioInterface::saveFreq(float freq)
 }

 /**
- * Save our channel for later reuse.
+ * Save our frequency slot (aka channel) for later reuse.
 */
 void RadioInterface::saveChannelNum(uint32_t channel_num)
 {
@@ -774,113 +763,304 @@ uint32_t RadioInterface::getChannelNum()
    return savedChannelNum;
 }

+/**
+ * Send an error-level client notification. Safe to call when service is null (e.g. in tests).
+ */
+static void sendErrorNotification(const char *msg)
+{
+    if (!service)
+        return;
+    meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
+    if (!cn)
+        return;
+    cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
+    snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", msg);
+    service->sendClientNotification(cn);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a region is valid for the current settings.
+ * Returns false if not compatible.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    // If you are not licensed, you can't use ham regions.
+    if (newRegion->profile->licensedOnly && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed) {
+        char err_string[160];
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Region %s requires licensed mode", newRegion->name);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Internal helper: validate or clamp a LoRa config against its region.
+ * When clamp==false, returns false on first error (pure validation).
+ * When clamp==true, fixes invalid settings in-place and returns true.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp)
+{
+    char err_string[160];
+    float check_bw;
+
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    const char *presetName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+
+    // Check preset validity (only when use_preset is true)
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+
+        bool preset_valid = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newRegion->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (loraConfig.modem_preset == newRegion->getAvailablePresets()[i]) {
+                preset_valid = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!preset_valid) {
+            const char *defaultName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), false, true);
+            if (clamp) {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s, using %s", presetName, newRegion->name,
+                         defaultName);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s", presetName, newRegion->name);
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+                check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate width of slots (aka channels) based on bandwidth and any spacing or padding required by the region:
+    // spacing = gap between slots (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the slots (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+
+    // Check if the region supports the requested bandwidth
+    if ((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) < freqSlotWidth) {
+        const float regionSpanKHz = (newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz", newRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, check_bw);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+        if (clamp) {
+            loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(modemPresetToBwKHz(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), newRegion->wideLora));
+            check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+
+            // Recompute slot width and number of slots based on the new bandwidth
+            freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+            numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+    const char *presetNameDisplay =
+        DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+    uint32_t channelNameHashSlot = hash(channelName) % numFreqSlots;
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot = hash(presetNameDisplay) % numFreqSlots;
+
+    if (loraConfig.override_frequency == 0) {
+
+        // Check if we use the default frequency slot
+        uses_default_frequency_slot =
+            (loraConfig.channel_num == 0) || // user choice unset, no frequency override, so use default
+            (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0 &&
+             loraConfig.channel_num == newRegion->profile->overrideSlot) || // user setting matches override
+            ((newRegion->profile->overrideSlot == 0) &&
+             ((uint32_t)(loraConfig.channel_num - 1) == presetNameHashSlot)); // user setting matches preset hash, no override
+
+        // check if user setting different to preset name
+        uses_custom_channel_name = (strcmp(channelName, presetNameDisplay) != 0);
+
+        if (loraConfig.channel_num > numFreqSlots) {
+            snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Channel number %u invalid for %s, max is %u", loraConfig.channel_num,
+                     newRegion->name, numFreqSlots);
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                if (uses_custom_channel_name) { // clamp to channel name hash
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        channelNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                } else if ((loraConfig.use_preset) && (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0)) { // clamp to preset override slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        newRegion->profile->overrideSlot; // use the override slot specified by the region profile
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else if (loraConfig.use_preset) {                  // clamp to preset slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num = presetNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else { // if not using preset, and no custom channel name, just clamp to default anyway
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                };
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } // end of channel number check
+    } else {
+        // if we have a frequency override, we ignore the channel number and just use the override frequency
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Frequency override in place, using %.3f", loraConfig.override_frequency);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    auto copy = loraConfig;
+    return checkOrClampConfigLora(copy, false);
+}
+
+void RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    checkOrClampConfigLora(loraConfig, true);
+}
+
 /**
 * Pull our channel settings etc... from protobufs to the dumb interface settings
+ * Note: this must be given only settings which have been validated or clamped!
 */
 void RadioInterface::applyModemConfig()
 {
    // Set up default configuration
    // No Sync Words in LORA mode
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
-    bool validConfig = false; // We need to check for a valid configuration
-    while (!validConfig) {
-        if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
-            modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, cr);
-            if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate != cr) {
-                cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-                LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
-            }
-        } else {
-            sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+    myRegion = newRegion;
+
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        if (!validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+            loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+        }
+        uint8_t newcr;
+        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, newcr);
+        // If custom CR is being used already, check if the new preset is higher
+        if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate < newcr) {
+            cr = newcr;
+            LOG_INFO("Default Coding Rate is higher than custom setting, using %u", cr);
+        }
+        // If the custom CR is higher than the preset, use it
+        else if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate > newcr) {
            cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-            bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
-        }
-
-        if ((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) < bw / 1000) {
-            const float regionSpanKHz = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
-            const float requestedBwKHz = bw;
-            const bool isWideRequest = requestedBwKHz >= 499.5f; // treat as 500 kHz preset
-            const char *presetName =
-                DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
-
-            char err_string[160];
-            if (isWideRequest) {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region too narrow for 500kHz preset (%s). Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, presetName);
-            } else {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz. Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, requestedBwKHz);
-            }
-            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
-            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-            meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
-            cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
-            snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", err_string);
-            service->sendClientNotification(cn);
-
-            // Set to default modem preset
-            loraConfig.use_preset = true;
-            loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+            LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
        } else {
-            validConfig = true;
+            cr = newcr;
        }
+
+    } else { // if not using preset, then just use the custom settings
+        if (validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config settings, cannot apply requested modem config - falling back to %s defaults",
+                     newRegion->name);
+            clampConfigLora(loraConfig);
+        }
+        bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+        sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+        cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
    }

    power = loraConfig.tx_power;

-    if ((power == 0) || ((power > myRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
-        power = myRegion->powerLimit;
+    if ((power == 0) || ((power > newRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
+        power = newRegion->powerLimit;

    if (power == 0)
-        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of myRegion defaults
+        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of newRegion defaults
                    // to 0, currently no region has an actual power limit of 0 [dBm] so we can assume regions which have this
                    // variable set to 0 don't have a valid power limit)

    // Set final tx_power back onto config
    loraConfig.tx_power = (int8_t)power; // cppcheck-suppress assignmentAddressToInteger

-    // Calculate the number of channels
-    uint32_t numChannels = floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000)));
+    uint32_t channel_num;
+    float freq;

-    // If user has manually specified a channel num, then use that, otherwise generate one by hashing the name
-    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
-    // channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numChannels - 1)
-    uint32_t channel_num = (loraConfig.channel_num ? loraConfig.channel_num - 1 : hash(channelName)) % numChannels;
+    // Calculate number of frequency slots (aka Channels):
+    // spacing = gap between channels (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the channel (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);

-    // Check if we use the default frequency slot
-    RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot =
-        channel_num ==
-        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset)) % numChannels;
-
-    // Old frequency selection formula
-    // float freq = myRegion->freqStart + ((((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / numChannels) / 2) * channel_num);
-
-    // New frequency selection formula
-    float freq = myRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + (channel_num * (bw / 1000));
+    // Calculate hash of channel name and preset name to pick a default frequency slot if user has not specified one.
+    // Note that channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to
+    // (numFreqSlots - 1).
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot =
+        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset)) % numFreqSlots;

    // override if we have a verbatim frequency
    if (loraConfig.override_frequency) {
        freq = loraConfig.override_frequency;
        channel_num = -1;
+        uses_default_frequency_slot = false;
+    } else {
+
+        // If user has not manually specified a frequency slot, or has not specified one that is different than the default or the
+        // override for the new region, then use the default or override. If the user has not specified one, but has specified a
+        // custom channel name, then use the hash of that channel name to pick a frequency slot. Note that channel_num is actually
+        // (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numFreqSlots - 1).
+        // NB: channel_num is also know as frequency slot but it's too late to fix now.
+        if (uses_default_frequency_slot) {
+            // if there's an override slot, use that
+            if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+                channel_num = newRegion->profile->overrideSlot - 1;
+            } else {
+                channel_num = presetNameHashSlot;
+            }
+        } else { // use the manually defined one
+            channel_num = loraConfig.channel_num - 1;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate frequency: freqStart is band edge, add half bandwidth (plus optional padding) to get middle of first channel
+        // subsequent channels are spaced by freqSlotWidth
+        freq = newRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + newRegion->profile->padding + (channel_num * freqSlotWidth); // in MHz
    }

    saveChannelNum(channel_num);
    saveFreq(freq + loraConfig.frequency_offset);
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+
+    if (newRegion->wideLora) {                          // clamp if wide freq range
+        preambleLength = wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    } else {
+        preambleLength =
+            preambleLengthDefault; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    }

    slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
    preambleTimeMsec = preambleLength * (pow_of_2(sf) / bw);

    LOG_INFO("Radio freq=%.3f, config.lora.frequency_offset=%.3f", freq, loraConfig.frequency_offset);
-    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", myRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
+    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", newRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
             channel_num, power);
-    LOG_INFO("myRegion->freqStart -> myRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", myRegion->freqStart, myRegion->freqEnd,
-             myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart);
-    LOG_INFO("numChannels: %d x %.3fkHz", numChannels, bw);
+    LOG_INFO("newRegion->freqStart -> newRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", newRegion->freqStart, newRegion->freqEnd,
+             newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart);
+    LOG_INFO("numFreqSlots: %d x %.3fkHz", numFreqSlots, bw);
+    if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+        LOG_INFO("Using region override slot: %d", newRegion->profile->overrideSlot);
+    }
    LOG_INFO("channel_num: %d", channel_num + 1);
    LOG_INFO("frequency: %f", getFreq());
    LOG_INFO("Slot time: %u msec, preamble time: %u msec", slotTimeMsec, preambleTimeMsec);
-}
+} // end of applyModemConfig

 /** Slottime is the time to detect a transmission has started, consisting of:
  - CAD duration;
@@ -994,4 +1174,4 @@ size_t RadioInterface::beginSending(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)

    sendingPacket = p;
    return p->encrypted.size + sizeof(PacketHeader);
-}
+}
@@ -92,15 +92,20 @@ class RadioInterface
    uint8_t sf = 9;
    uint8_t cr = 5;

-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD = 2;       // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ = 4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD =
+        2; // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ =
+        4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
    uint32_t slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
-    uint16_t preambleLength = 16;    // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
-    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165; // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
-    const uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
-        4500;                // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
-    const uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
-    const uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize
+    uint16_t preambleLength = 16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t preambleLengthDefault =
+        16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault = 12; // 12 is default for wide Lora
+    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165;                              // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
+    static constexpr uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
+        4500;                           // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize

    meshtastic_MeshPacket *sendingPacket = NULL; // The packet we are currently sending
    uint32_t lastTxStart = 0L;
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@ class RadioInterface
     * Coerce LoRa config fields (bandwidth/spread_factor) derived from presets.
     * This is used during early bootstrapping so UIs that display these fields directly remain consistent.
     */
-    static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+    // static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig); // maybe superseded?

    /**
     * Return true if we think the board can go to sleep (i.e. our tx queue is empty, we are not sending or receiving)
@@ -234,6 +239,20 @@ class RadioInterface
    // Whether we use the default frequency slot given our LoRa config (region and modem preset)
    static bool uses_default_frequency_slot;

+    // Whether we have a custom channel name
+    static bool uses_custom_channel_name;
+
+    static bool checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp);
+
+    // Check if a candidate region is compatible and valid.
+    static bool validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Check if a candidate radio configuration is valid.
+    static bool validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Make a candidate radio configuration valid, even if it isn't.
+    static void clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
  protected:
    int8_t power = 17; // Set by applyModemConfig()

@@ -246,6 +246,24 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id)
    return txQueue.find(from, id);
 }

+bool RadioLibInterface::randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0 || !iface) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Older RadioLib versions only expose random(min, max), so fill the buffer byte-by-byte.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        int32_t value = iface->random(0, 255);
+        if (value < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        buffer[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 /** radio helper thread callback.
 We never immediately transmit after any operation (either Rx or Tx). Instead we should wait a random multiple of
 'slotTimes' (see definition in RadioInterface.h) taken from a contention window (CW) to lower the chance of collision.
@@ -587,4 +605,4 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::startSend(meshtastic_MeshPacket *txp)

        return res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
    }
-}
+}
@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
    /** Attempt to find a packet in the TxQueue. Returns true if the packet was found. */
    virtual bool findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id) override;

+    /**
+     * Request randomness sourced from the LoRa modem, if supported by the active RadioLib interface.
+     * @return true if len bytes were produced, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+
  private:
    /** if we have something waiting to send, start a short (random) timer so we can come check for collision before actually
     * doing the transmit */
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #include "mesh-pb-constants.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #endif
@@ -18,8 +21,6 @@
 #if ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "Throttle.h"
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
-#endif
-#if ENABLE_JSON_LOGGING || ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "serialization/MeshPacketSerializer.h"
 #endif

@@ -95,6 +96,20 @@ bool Router::shouldDecrementHopLimit(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
        return true;
    }

+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // When router_preserve_hops is enabled, preserve hops for decoded packets that are not
+    // position or telemetry (those have their own exhaust_hop controls).
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled &&
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management.router_preserve_hops && p->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag &&
+        p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP && p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Router hop preserved: port=%d from=0x%08x (traffic_management)", p->decoded.portnum, getFrom(p));
+        if (trafficManagementModule) {
+            trafficManagementModule->recordRouterHopPreserved();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+
    // For subsequent hops, check if previous relay is a favorite router
    // Optimized search for favorite routers with matching last byte
    // Check ordering optimized for IoT devices (cheapest checks first)
@@ -527,9 +542,7 @@ DecodeState perhapsDecode(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
        } */

        printPacket("decoded message", p);
-#if ENABLE_JSON_LOGGING
-        LOG_TRACE("%s", MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(p, false).c_str());
-#elif ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
        if (portduino_config.traceFilename != "" || portduino_config.logoutputlevel == level_trace) {
            LOG_TRACE("%s", MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(p, false).c_str());
        } else if (portduino_config.JSONFilename != "") {
@@ -821,11 +834,7 @@ void Router::handleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, RxSource src)

 void Router::perhapsHandleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 {
-#if ENABLE_JSON_LOGGING
-    // Even ignored packets get logged in the trace
-    p->rx_time = getValidTime(RTCQualityFromNet); // store the arrival timestamp for the phone
-    LOG_TRACE("%s", MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerializeEncrypted(p).c_str());
-#elif ARCH_PORTDUINO
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
    // Even ignored packets get logged in the trace
    if (portduino_config.traceFilename != "" || portduino_config.logoutputlevel == level_trace) {
        p->rx_time = getValidTime(RTCQualityFromNet); // store the arrival timestamp for the phone
@@ -858,6 +867,12 @@ void Router::perhapsHandleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
        return;
    }

+    if (shouldDropPacketForPreHop(*p)) {
+        logHopStartDrop(*p, "pre-hop drop");
+        packetPool.release(p);
+        return;
+    }
+
    if (shouldFilterReceived(p)) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Incoming msg was filtered from 0x%x", p->from);
        packetPool.release(p);
@@ -245,14 +245,21 @@ template <typename T> bool SX126xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > SX126X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX126X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX126X_MAX_POWER);
+    // Make sure we reach the minimum power supported to turn the chip on (-9dBm)
+    if (power < -9)
+        power = -9;

    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        LOG_ERROR("SX126X setOutputPower %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY (datasheet §9.6), matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("SX126X setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ template <typename T> bool SX128xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > SX128X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX128X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX128X_MAX_POWER);

    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@
 #endif
 #include "SPILock.h"
 #include "power.h"
-#include "serialization/JSON.h"
 #include <FSCommon.h>
 #include <HTTPBodyParser.hpp>
 #include <HTTPMultipartBodyParser.hpp>
 #include <HTTPURLEncodedBodyParser.hpp>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <sstream>

 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
 #include "esp_task_wdt.h"
@@ -259,40 +260,95 @@ void htmlDeleteDir(const char *dirname)
    root.close();
 }

-JSONArray htmlListDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels)
+// Escape a string into a JSON double-quoted literal. Matches the previous
+// SimpleJSON StringifyString behavior (0x00-0x1F and 0x7F -> \u00xx lowercase,
+// escapes " \ / \b \f \n \r \t, UTF-8 passes through unchanged).
+static std::string jsonEscape(const std::string &str)
+{
+    std::string out = "\"";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+        char chr = str[i];
+        if (chr == '"' || chr == '\\' || chr == '/') {
+            out += '\\';
+            out += chr;
+        } else if (chr == '\b') {
+            out += "\\b";
+        } else if (chr == '\f') {
+            out += "\\f";
+        } else if (chr == '\n') {
+            out += "\\n";
+        } else if (chr == '\r') {
+            out += "\\r";
+        } else if (chr == '\t') {
+            out += "\\t";
+        } else if ((unsigned char)chr < 0x20 || chr == 0x7F) {
+            char buf[8];
+            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\\u%04x", (unsigned char)chr);
+            out += buf;
+        } else {
+            out += chr;
+        }
+    }
+    out += "\"";
+    return out;
+}
+
+// Format a numeric value the way the previous SimpleJSON serializer did
+// (std::stringstream with precision 15, NaN/Inf -> "null").
+static std::string jsonNum(double v)
+{
+    if (std::isinf(v) || std::isnan(v))
+        return "null";
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    ss.precision(15);
+    ss << v;
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Build a serialized JSON array string listing files in `dirname`.
+// Subdirectories recurse as nested arrays (up to `levels` deep).
+std::string htmlListDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels)
 {
    File root = FSCom.open(dirname, FILE_O_READ);
-    JSONArray fileList;
+    std::string out = "[";
+    bool first = true;
    if (!root) {
-        return fileList;
+        out += "]";
+        return out;
    }
    if (!root.isDirectory()) {
-        return fileList;
+        out += "]";
+        return out;
    }

    // iterate over the file list
    File file = root.openNextFile();
    while (file) {
+        std::string element;
+        bool haveElement = false;
        if (file.isDirectory() && !String(file.name()).endsWith(".")) {
            if (levels) {
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-                fileList.push_back(new JSONValue(htmlListDir(file.path(), levels - 1)));
+                element = htmlListDir(file.path(), levels - 1);
 #else
-                fileList.push_back(new JSONValue(htmlListDir(file.name(), levels - 1)));
+                element = htmlListDir(file.name(), levels - 1);
 #endif
+                haveElement = true;
                file.close();
            }
        } else {
-            JSONObject thisFileMap;
-            thisFileMap["size"] = new JSONValue((int)file.size());
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
            String fileName = String(file.path()).substring(1);
-            thisFileMap["name"] = new JSONValue(fileName.c_str());
 #else
            String fileName = String(file.name()).substring(1);
-            thisFileMap["name"] = new JSONValue(fileName.c_str());
 #endif
            String tempName = String(file.name()).substring(1);
+            // Keys in the previous std::map<string,...> were emitted in
+            // alphabetical order: name, nameModified, size.
+            element = "{";
+            element += jsonEscape("name");
+            element += ":";
+            element += jsonEscape(fileName.c_str());
            if (tempName.endsWith(".gz")) {
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
                String modifiedFile = String(file.path()).substring(1);
@@ -300,15 +356,30 @@ JSONArray htmlListDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels)
                String modifiedFile = String(file.name()).substring(1);
 #endif
                modifiedFile.remove((modifiedFile.length() - 3), 3);
-                thisFileMap["nameModified"] = new JSONValue(modifiedFile.c_str());
+                element += ",";
+                element += jsonEscape("nameModified");
+                element += ":";
+                element += jsonEscape(modifiedFile.c_str());
            }
-            fileList.push_back(new JSONValue(thisFileMap));
+            element += ",";
+            element += jsonEscape("size");
+            element += ":";
+            element += jsonNum((int)file.size());
+            element += "}";
+            haveElement = true;
+        }
+        if (haveElement) {
+            if (!first)
+                out += ",";
+            out += element;
+            first = false;
        }
        file.close();
        file = root.openNextFile();
    }
    root.close();
-    return fileList;
+    out += "]";
+    return out;
 }

 void handleFsBrowseStatic(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
@@ -318,28 +389,25 @@ void handleFsBrowseStatic(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
    res->setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET");

    concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
-    auto fileList = htmlListDir("/static", 10);
+    std::string fileList = htmlListDir("/static", 10);

-    // create json output structure
-    JSONObject filesystemObj;
-    filesystemObj["total"] = new JSONValue((int)FSCom.totalBytes());
-    filesystemObj["used"] = new JSONValue((int)FSCom.usedBytes());
-    filesystemObj["free"] = new JSONValue(int(FSCom.totalBytes() - FSCom.usedBytes()));
+    uint64_t total = FSCom.totalBytes();
+    uint64_t used = FSCom.usedBytes();

-    JSONObject jsonObjInner;
-    jsonObjInner["files"] = new JSONValue(fileList);
-    jsonObjInner["filesystem"] = new JSONValue(filesystemObj);
+    // Key order matches the previous std::map-based emission (alphabetical).
+    std::string out;
+    out.reserve(fileList.size() + 128);
+    out += "{\"data\":{\"files\":";
+    out += fileList;
+    out += ",\"filesystem\":{\"free\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)(total - used));
+    out += ",\"total\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)total);
+    out += ",\"used\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)used);
+    out += "}},\"status\":\"ok\"}";

-    JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-    jsonObjOuter["data"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjInner);
-    jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("ok");
-
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-
-    std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-    res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-
-    delete value;
+    res->print(out.c_str());
 }

 void handleFsDeleteStatic(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
@@ -354,27 +422,13 @@ void handleFsDeleteStatic(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
    if (params->getQueryParameter("delete", paramValDelete)) {
        std::string pathDelete = "/" + paramValDelete;
        concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
-        if (FSCom.remove(pathDelete.c_str())) {
-
-            LOG_INFO("%s", pathDelete.c_str());
-            JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-            jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("ok");
-            JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-            std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-            res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-            delete value;
-            return;
-        } else {
-
-            LOG_INFO("%s", pathDelete.c_str());
-            JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-            jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("Error");
-            JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-            std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-            res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-            delete value;
-            return;
-        }
+        const char *status = FSCom.remove(pathDelete.c_str()) ? "ok" : "Error";
+        LOG_INFO("%s", pathDelete.c_str());
+        std::string out = "{\"status\":";
+        out += jsonEscape(status);
+        out += "}";
+        res->print(out.c_str());
+        return;
    }
 }

@@ -615,95 +669,113 @@ void handleReport(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
        res->println("<pre>");
    }

-    // Helper lambda to create JSON array and clean up memory properly
-    auto createJSONArrayFromLog = [](const uint32_t *logArray, int count) -> JSONValue * {
-        JSONArray tempArray;
+    auto arrayFromLog = [](const uint32_t *logArray, int count) -> std::string {
+        std::string s = "[";
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            tempArray.push_back(new JSONValue((int)logArray[i]));
+            if (i)
+                s += ",";
+            s += jsonNum((int)logArray[i]);
        }
-        JSONValue *result = new JSONValue(tempArray);
-        // Note: Don't delete tempArray elements here - JSONValue now owns them
-        return result;
+        s += "]";
+        return s;
    };

-    // data->airtime->tx_log
    uint32_t *logArray;
    logArray = airTime->airtimeReport(TX_LOG);
-    JSONValue *txLogJsonValue = createJSONArrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
-
-    // data->airtime->rx_log
+    std::string txLog = arrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
    logArray = airTime->airtimeReport(RX_LOG);
-    JSONValue *rxLogJsonValue = createJSONArrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
-
-    // data->airtime->rx_all_log
+    std::string rxLog = arrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
    logArray = airTime->airtimeReport(RX_ALL_LOG);
-    JSONValue *rxAllLogJsonValue = createJSONArrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
+    std::string rxAllLog = arrayFromLog(logArray, airTime->getPeriodsToLog());

-    // data->airtime
-    JSONObject jsonObjAirtime;
-    jsonObjAirtime["tx_log"] = txLogJsonValue;
-    jsonObjAirtime["rx_log"] = rxLogJsonValue;
-    jsonObjAirtime["rx_all_log"] = rxAllLogJsonValue;
-    jsonObjAirtime["channel_utilization"] = new JSONValue(airTime->channelUtilizationPercent());
-    jsonObjAirtime["utilization_tx"] = new JSONValue(airTime->utilizationTXPercent());
-    jsonObjAirtime["seconds_since_boot"] = new JSONValue(int(airTime->getSecondsSinceBoot()));
-    jsonObjAirtime["seconds_per_period"] = new JSONValue(int(airTime->getSecondsPerPeriod()));
-    jsonObjAirtime["periods_to_log"] = new JSONValue(airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
-
-    // data->wifi
-    JSONObject jsonObjWifi;
-    jsonObjWifi["rssi"] = new JSONValue(WiFi.RSSI());
    String wifiIPString = WiFi.localIP().toString();
    std::string wifiIP = wifiIPString.c_str();
-    jsonObjWifi["ip"] = new JSONValue(wifiIP.c_str());

-    // data->memory
-    JSONObject jsonObjMemory;
-    jsonObjMemory["heap_total"] = new JSONValue((int)memGet.getHeapSize());
-    jsonObjMemory["heap_free"] = new JSONValue((int)memGet.getFreeHeap());
-    jsonObjMemory["psram_total"] = new JSONValue((int)memGet.getPsramSize());
-    jsonObjMemory["psram_free"] = new JSONValue((int)memGet.getFreePsram());
    spiLock->lock();
-    jsonObjMemory["fs_total"] = new JSONValue((int)FSCom.totalBytes());
-    jsonObjMemory["fs_used"] = new JSONValue((int)FSCom.usedBytes());
-    jsonObjMemory["fs_free"] = new JSONValue(int(FSCom.totalBytes() - FSCom.usedBytes()));
+    uint64_t fsTotal = FSCom.totalBytes();
+    uint64_t fsUsed = FSCom.usedBytes();
    spiLock->unlock();

-    // data->power
-    JSONObject jsonObjPower;
-    jsonObjPower["battery_percent"] = new JSONValue(powerStatus->getBatteryChargePercent());
-    jsonObjPower["battery_voltage_mv"] = new JSONValue(powerStatus->getBatteryVoltageMv());
-    jsonObjPower["has_battery"] = new JSONValue(BoolToString(powerStatus->getHasBattery()));
-    jsonObjPower["has_usb"] = new JSONValue(BoolToString(powerStatus->getHasUSB()));
-    jsonObjPower["is_charging"] = new JSONValue(BoolToString(powerStatus->getIsCharging()));
+    // Emit keys in the same alphabetical order as the previous
+    // std::map-based JSON output to keep responses byte-compatible.
+    std::string out;
+    out.reserve(1024);
+    out += "{\"data\":{";

-    // data->device
-    JSONObject jsonObjDevice;
-    jsonObjDevice["reboot_counter"] = new JSONValue((int)myNodeInfo.reboot_count);
+    // airtime
+    out += "\"airtime\":{";
+    out += "\"channel_utilization\":";
+    out += jsonNum(airTime->channelUtilizationPercent());
+    out += ",\"periods_to_log\":";
+    out += jsonNum(airTime->getPeriodsToLog());
+    out += ",\"rx_all_log\":";
+    out += rxAllLog;
+    out += ",\"rx_log\":";
+    out += rxLog;
+    out += ",\"seconds_per_period\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)airTime->getSecondsPerPeriod());
+    out += ",\"seconds_since_boot\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)airTime->getSecondsSinceBoot());
+    out += ",\"tx_log\":";
+    out += txLog;
+    out += ",\"utilization_tx\":";
+    out += jsonNum(airTime->utilizationTXPercent());
+    out += "}";

-    // data->radio
-    JSONObject jsonObjRadio;
-    jsonObjRadio["frequency"] = new JSONValue(RadioLibInterface::instance->getFreq());
-    jsonObjRadio["lora_channel"] = new JSONValue((int)RadioLibInterface::instance->getChannelNum() + 1);
+    // device
+    out += ",\"device\":{\"reboot_counter\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)myNodeInfo.reboot_count);
+    out += "}";

-    // collect data to inner data object
-    JSONObject jsonObjInner;
-    jsonObjInner["airtime"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjAirtime);
-    jsonObjInner["wifi"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjWifi);
-    jsonObjInner["memory"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjMemory);
-    jsonObjInner["power"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjPower);
-    jsonObjInner["device"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjDevice);
-    jsonObjInner["radio"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjRadio);
+    // memory
+    out += ",\"memory\":{";
+    out += "\"fs_free\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)(fsTotal - fsUsed));
+    out += ",\"fs_total\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)fsTotal);
+    out += ",\"fs_used\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)fsUsed);
+    out += ",\"heap_free\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)memGet.getFreeHeap());
+    out += ",\"heap_total\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)memGet.getHeapSize());
+    out += ",\"psram_free\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)memGet.getFreePsram());
+    out += ",\"psram_total\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)memGet.getPsramSize());
+    out += "}";

-    // create json output structure
-    JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-    jsonObjOuter["data"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjInner);
-    jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("ok");
-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-    std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-    res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-    delete value;
+    // power (has_* / is_charging were serialized as the strings "true"/"false")
+    out += ",\"power\":{";
+    out += "\"battery_percent\":";
+    out += jsonNum(powerStatus->getBatteryChargePercent());
+    out += ",\"battery_voltage_mv\":";
+    out += jsonNum(powerStatus->getBatteryVoltageMv());
+    out += ",\"has_battery\":";
+    out += jsonEscape(BoolToString(powerStatus->getHasBattery()));
+    out += ",\"has_usb\":";
+    out += jsonEscape(BoolToString(powerStatus->getHasUSB()));
+    out += ",\"is_charging\":";
+    out += jsonEscape(BoolToString(powerStatus->getIsCharging()));
+    out += "}";
+
+    // radio
+    out += ",\"radio\":{\"frequency\":";
+    out += jsonNum(RadioLibInterface::instance->getFreq());
+    out += ",\"lora_channel\":";
+    out += jsonNum((int)RadioLibInterface::instance->getChannelNum() + 1);
+    out += "}";
+
+    // wifi
+    out += ",\"wifi\":{\"ip\":";
+    out += jsonEscape(wifiIP);
+    out += ",\"rssi\":";
+    out += jsonNum(WiFi.RSSI());
+    out += "}";
+
+    out += "},\"status\":\"ok\"}";
+
+    res->print(out.c_str());
 }

 void handleNodes(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
@@ -724,58 +796,65 @@ void handleNodes(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
        res->println("<pre>");
    }

-    JSONArray nodesArray;
+    std::string out;
+    out.reserve(2048);
+    out += "{\"data\":{\"nodes\":[";

+    bool firstNode = true;
    uint32_t readIndex = 0;
    const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *tempNodeInfo = nodeDB->readNextMeshNode(readIndex);
    while (tempNodeInfo != NULL) {
        if (tempNodeInfo->has_user) {
-            JSONObject node;
-
            char id[16];
            snprintf(id, sizeof(id), "!%08x", tempNodeInfo->num);
-
-            node["id"] = new JSONValue(id);
-            node["snr"] = new JSONValue(tempNodeInfo->snr);
-            node["via_mqtt"] = new JSONValue(BoolToString(tempNodeInfo->via_mqtt));
-            node["last_heard"] = new JSONValue((int)tempNodeInfo->last_heard);
-            node["position"] = new JSONValue();
-
-            if (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(tempNodeInfo)) {
-                JSONObject position;
-                position["latitude"] = new JSONValue((float)tempNodeInfo->position.latitude_i * 1e-7);
-                position["longitude"] = new JSONValue((float)tempNodeInfo->position.longitude_i * 1e-7);
-                position["altitude"] = new JSONValue((int)tempNodeInfo->position.altitude);
-                node["position"] = new JSONValue(position);
-            }
-
-            node["long_name"] = new JSONValue(tempNodeInfo->user.long_name);
-            node["short_name"] = new JSONValue(tempNodeInfo->user.short_name);
            char macStr[18];
            snprintf(macStr, sizeof(macStr), "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[0],
                     tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[1], tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[2], tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[3],
                     tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[4], tempNodeInfo->user.macaddr[5]);
-            node["mac_address"] = new JSONValue(macStr);
-            node["hw_model"] = new JSONValue(tempNodeInfo->user.hw_model);

-            nodesArray.push_back(new JSONValue(node));
+            std::string position;
+            if (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(tempNodeInfo)) {
+                position = "{\"altitude\":";
+                position += jsonNum((int)tempNodeInfo->position.altitude);
+                position += ",\"latitude\":";
+                position += jsonNum((float)tempNodeInfo->position.latitude_i * 1e-7);
+                position += ",\"longitude\":";
+                position += jsonNum((float)tempNodeInfo->position.longitude_i * 1e-7);
+                position += "}";
+            } else {
+                position = "null";
+            }
+
+            if (!firstNode)
+                out += ",";
+            firstNode = false;
+
+            // Alphabetical key order matches previous std::map-based output.
+            out += "{\"hw_model\":";
+            out += jsonNum(tempNodeInfo->user.hw_model);
+            out += ",\"id\":";
+            out += jsonEscape(id);
+            out += ",\"last_heard\":";
+            out += jsonNum((int)tempNodeInfo->last_heard);
+            out += ",\"long_name\":";
+            out += jsonEscape(tempNodeInfo->user.long_name);
+            out += ",\"mac_address\":";
+            out += jsonEscape(macStr);
+            out += ",\"position\":";
+            out += position;
+            out += ",\"short_name\":";
+            out += jsonEscape(tempNodeInfo->user.short_name);
+            out += ",\"snr\":";
+            out += jsonNum(tempNodeInfo->snr);
+            out += ",\"via_mqtt\":";
+            out += jsonEscape(BoolToString(tempNodeInfo->via_mqtt));
+            out += "}";
        }
        tempNodeInfo = nodeDB->readNextMeshNode(readIndex);
    }

-    // collect data to inner data object
-    JSONObject jsonObjInner;
-    jsonObjInner["nodes"] = new JSONValue(nodesArray);
-
-    // create json output structure
-    JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-    jsonObjOuter["data"] = new JSONValue(jsonObjInner);
-    jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("ok");
-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-    std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-    res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-    delete value;
+    out += "]},\"status\":\"ok\"}";
+    res->print(out.c_str());
 }

 /*
@@ -897,20 +976,28 @@ void handleScanNetworks(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)

    int n = WiFi.scanNetworks();

-    // build list of network objects
-    JSONArray networkObjs;
+    std::string out = "{\"data\":[";
+    bool firstNet = true;
    if (n > 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            char ssidArray[50];
+            // The previous implementation pre-escaped quotes before handing
+            // the value to the JSON serializer; preserve that (byte-compatible
+            // even if it double-encodes a quote) so existing clients are not
+            // affected by this refactor.
            String ssidString = String(WiFi.SSID(i));
            ssidString.replace("\"", "\\\"");
            ssidString.toCharArray(ssidArray, 50);

            if (WiFi.encryptionType(i) != WIFI_AUTH_OPEN) {
-                JSONObject thisNetwork;
-                thisNetwork["ssid"] = new JSONValue(ssidArray);
-                thisNetwork["rssi"] = new JSONValue(int(WiFi.RSSI(i)));
-                networkObjs.push_back(new JSONValue(thisNetwork));
+                if (!firstNet)
+                    out += ",";
+                firstNet = false;
+                out += "{\"rssi\":";
+                out += jsonNum((int)WiFi.RSSI(i));
+                out += ",\"ssid\":";
+                out += jsonEscape(ssidArray);
+                out += "}";
            }
            // Yield some cpu cycles to IP stack.
            //   This is important in case the list is large and it takes us time to return
@@ -918,16 +1005,7 @@ void handleScanNetworks(HTTPRequest *req, HTTPResponse *res)
            yield();
        }
    }
-
-    // build output structure
-    JSONObject jsonObjOuter;
-    jsonObjOuter["data"] = new JSONValue(networkObjs);
-    jsonObjOuter["status"] = new JSONValue("ok");
-
-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObjOuter);
-    std::string jsonString = value->Stringify();
-    res->print(jsonString.c_str());
-    delete value;
+    out += "],\"status\":\"ok\"}";
+    res->print(out.c_str());
 }
 #endif
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ static inline int get_max_num_nodes()
 /// Max number of channels allowed
 #define MAX_NUM_CHANNELS (member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels) / member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels[0]))

+// Traffic Management module configuration
+// Enable per-variant by defining HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT=1 in variant.h
+#ifndef HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 0
+#endif
+
+// Cache size for traffic management (number of nodes to track)
+// Can be overridden per-variant based on available memory
+#ifndef TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 1000
+#else
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /// helper function for encoding a record as a protobuf, any failures to encode are fatal and we will panic
 /// returns the encoded packet size
 size_t pb_encode_to_bytes(uint8_t *destbuf, size_t destbufsize, const pb_msgdesc_t *fields, const void *src_struct);
@@ -90,4 +106,4 @@ bool writecb(pb_ostream_t *stream, const uint8_t *buf, size_t count);
 */
 bool is_in_helper(uint32_t n, const uint32_t *array, pb_size_t count);

-#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)
+#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@

 #include "Default.h"
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "RadioInterface.h"
 #include "TypeConversions.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
@@ -197,10 +199,35 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
        handleSetOwner(r->set_owner);
        break;

-    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag:
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag: {
        LOG_DEBUG("Client set config");
-        handleSetConfig(r->set_config);
+
+        // Non-LoRa configs need no further validation.
+        if (r->set_config.which_payload_variant != meshtastic_Config_lora_tag) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("Non-LoRa config, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Only LORA_24 requires hardware capability validation.
+        if (r->set_config.payload_variant.lora.region != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LoRa config, region is not LORA_24, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Hardware supports 2.4 GHz — apply the config.
+        // Fail closed: null instance is treated as incapable.
+        if (RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora()) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LORA_24 requested, radio hardware supports 2.4 GHz, applying");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; rejecting LORA_24 region");
+        myReply = allocErrorResponse(meshtastic_Routing_Error_BAD_REQUEST, &mp);
        break;
+    }

    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_module_config_tag:
        LOG_DEBUG("Client set module config");
@@ -453,7 +480,7 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
 #if HAS_SCREEN
        IF_SCREEN(screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is rebooting\ninto DFU mode.", 0));
 #endif
-#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
        enterDfuMode();
 #endif
        break;
@@ -626,7 +653,7 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o)
    }
 }

-void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
+void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers)
 {
    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
    auto existingRole = config.device.role;
@@ -770,18 +797,57 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
            validatedLora.spread_factor = LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
        }

-        // If no lora radio parameters change, don't need to reboot
-        if (oldLoraConfig.use_preset == validatedLora.use_preset && oldLoraConfig.region == validatedLora.region &&
-            oldLoraConfig.modem_preset == validatedLora.modem_preset && oldLoraConfig.bandwidth == validatedLora.bandwidth &&
-            oldLoraConfig.spread_factor == validatedLora.spread_factor &&
-            oldLoraConfig.coding_rate == validatedLora.coding_rate && oldLoraConfig.tx_power == validatedLora.tx_power &&
-            oldLoraConfig.frequency_offset == validatedLora.frequency_offset &&
-            oldLoraConfig.override_frequency == validatedLora.override_frequency &&
-            oldLoraConfig.channel_num == validatedLora.channel_num &&
-            oldLoraConfig.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain == validatedLora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain) {
-            requiresReboot = false;
+        // If we're setting a new region, check the region is valid and then init the region or discard the change
+        if (validatedLora.region != myRegion->code) {
+            //  Region has changed so check whether it is valid for e.g. licensing conditions and if the lora config is valid
+            if (RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(validatedLora) && RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+                // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
+                if (isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+                    if (crypto) {
+                        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
+                    }
+#endif
+                    // new region is valid and we're coming from an unset region, so enable tx
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = true;
+                }
+                // If we're unsetting the region for some reason, disable tx
+                if (!isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = false;
+                }
+                // Ensure initRegion() uses the newly validated region
+                config.lora.region = validatedLora.region;
+                initRegion();
+                if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
+                    validatedLora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
+                }
+                if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
+                    //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
+                    sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
+                }
+                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
+            } else {
+                //  Region validation has failed, so just copy all of the old config over the new config
+                validatedLora = oldLoraConfig;
+            }
+        } // end of new region handling
+
+        if (!RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+            if (fromOthers) {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from another node, rejecting changes");
+                //  modem_preset set to use the old setting if the check fails
+                validatedLora.modem_preset = oldLoraConfig.modem_preset;
+            } else {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from client, using corrected values");
+                RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(validatedLora);
+            }
+            //  use_preset and bandwidth are coerced into valid values by the check.
        }

+        // All LoRa radio changes apply live via configChanged observer → reconfigure().
+        // reconfigure() puts the radio in standby, reprograms all modem parameters, and restarts receive.
+        requiresReboot = false;
+
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
        // If running on portduino and using SimRadio, do not require reboot
        if (SimRadio::instance) {
@@ -797,63 +863,21 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
            digitalWrite(RF95_FAN_EN, HIGH ^ 0);
        }
 #endif
-        config.lora = validatedLora;

 #if HAS_LORA_FEM
        // Apply FEM LNA mode from config (only meaningful on hardware that supports it)
+        // Note that a rejected lora config will revert this as well.
        if (loraFEMInterface.isLnaCanControl()) {
-            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
-        } else if (config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
+        } else if (validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
            // Hardware FEM does not support LNA control; normalize stored config to match actual capability
            LOG_WARN("FEM LNA mode configured but current FEM does not support LNA control; normalizing to NOT_PRESENT");
-            config.lora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
+            validatedLora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
        }
 #endif
-        // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
-        if (isRegionUnset && config.lora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
-#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
-            }
-#endif
-            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
-            initRegion();
-            if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
-                config.lora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
-            }
-            //  Compare the entire string, we are sure of the length as a topic has never been set
-            if (strcmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root) == 0) {
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-            }
-        }
-        if (config.lora.region != myRegion->code) {
-            //  Region has changed so check whether there is a regulatory one we should be using instead.
-            //  Additionally as a side-effect, assume a new value under myRegion
-            initRegion();

-            if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
-                //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-            }
+        config.lora = validatedLora; // Finally, return the validated config back to the main config

-            changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-        }
        break;
    }
    case meshtastic_Config_bluetooth_tag:
@@ -901,10 +925,10 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
    }
    if (requiresReboot && !hasOpenEditTransaction) {
        disableBluetooth();
-    }
+    } // end of switch case which_payload_variant

    saveChanges(changes, requiresReboot);
-}
+} // end of handleSetConfig

 bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
 {
@@ -1010,6 +1034,11 @@ bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
        moduleConfig.statusmessage = c.payload_variant.statusmessage;
        shouldReboot = false;
        break;
+    case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+        LOG_INFO("Set module config: Traffic Management");
+        moduleConfig.has_traffic_management = true;
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management = c.payload_variant.traffic_management;
+        break;
    }
    saveChanges(SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG, shouldReboot);
    return true;
@@ -1124,78 +1153,85 @@ void AdminModule::handleGetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &req, const
    meshtastic_AdminMessage res = meshtastic_AdminMessage_init_default;

    if (req.decoded.want_response) {
+        const char *configName = "?";
        switch (configType) {
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_MQTT_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: MQTT");
+            configName = "MQTT";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_mqtt_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.mqtt = moduleConfig.mqtt;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_SERIAL_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Serial");
+            configName = "Serial";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_serial_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.serial = moduleConfig.serial;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_EXTNOTIF_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: External Notification");
+            configName = "External Notification";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_external_notification_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.external_notification = moduleConfig.external_notification;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STOREFORWARD_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Store & Forward");
+            configName = "Store & Forward";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_store_forward_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.store_forward = moduleConfig.store_forward;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_RANGETEST_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Range Test");
+            configName = "Range Test";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_range_test_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.range_test = moduleConfig.range_test;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TELEMETRY_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Telemetry");
+            configName = "Telemetry";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_telemetry_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.telemetry = moduleConfig.telemetry;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_CANNEDMSG_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Canned Message");
+            configName = "Canned Message";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_canned_message_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.canned_message = moduleConfig.canned_message;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AUDIO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Audio");
+            configName = "Audio";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_audio_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.audio = moduleConfig.audio;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_REMOTEHARDWARE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Remote Hardware");
+            configName = "Remote Hardware";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_remote_hardware_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.remote_hardware = moduleConfig.remote_hardware;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_NEIGHBORINFO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Neighbor Info");
+            configName = "Neighbor Info";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_neighbor_info_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.neighbor_info = moduleConfig.neighbor_info;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_DETECTIONSENSOR_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Detection Sensor");
+            configName = "Detection Sensor";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_detection_sensor_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.detection_sensor = moduleConfig.detection_sensor;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AMBIENTLIGHTING_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Ambient Lighting");
+            configName = "Ambient Lighting";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_ambient_lighting_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.ambient_lighting = moduleConfig.ambient_lighting;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_PAXCOUNTER_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Paxcounter");
+            configName = "Paxcounter";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STATUSMESSAGE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: StatusMessage");
+            configName = "StatusMessage";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_statusmessage_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.statusmessage = moduleConfig.statusmessage;
            break;
+        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TRAFFICMANAGEMENT_CONFIG:
+            configName = "Traffic Management";
+            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
        }
+        LOG_INFO("Get module config: %s", configName);

        // NOTE: The phone app needs to know the ls_secsvalue so it can properly expect sleep behavior.
        // So even if we internally use 0 to represent 'use default' we still need to send the value we are
@@ -1378,23 +1414,17 @@ void AdminModule::handleStoreDeviceUIConfig(const meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig &uic
 void AdminModule::handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &p)
 {
    // Validate ham parameters before setting since this would bypass validation in the owner struct
-    if (*p.call_sign) {
-        const char *start = p.call_sign;
-        // Skip all whitespace
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham call_sign: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (*p.short_name) {
-        const char *start = p.short_name;
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham short_name: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
+    const char *fieldsToCheck[] = {p.call_sign, p.short_name};
+    const char *fieldNames[] = {"call_sign", "short_name"};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        if (*fieldsToCheck[i]) {
+            const char *start = fieldsToCheck[i];
+            while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
+                start++;
+            if (*start == '\0') {
+                LOG_WARN("Rejected ham %s: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character", fieldNames[i]);
+                return;
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ class AdminModule : public ProtobufModule<meshtastic_AdminMessage>, public Obser
     */
    void handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o);
    void handleSetChannel(const meshtastic_Channel &cc);
-    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c);
+
+  protected:
+    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers);
+
+  private:
    bool handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c);
    void handleSetChannel();
    void handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &req);
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 #include "modules/PowerStressModule.h"
 #endif
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "modules/TextMessageModule.h"
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
@@ -120,6 +123,14 @@ void setupModules()
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REPLYBOT
    new ReplyBotModule();
 #endif
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // Instantiate only when enabled to avoid extra memory use and background work.
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled) {
+        trafficManagementModule = new TrafficManagementModule();
+    }
+#endif
+
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ADMIN
    adminModule = new AdminModule();
 #endif
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ void SerialModule::processWXSerial()
        LOG_INFO("WS8X : %i %.1fg%.1f %.1fv %.1fv %.1fC rain: %.1f, %i sum", atoi(windDir), strtof(windVel, nullptr),
                 strtof(windGust, nullptr), batVoltageF, capVoltageF, temperatureF, rain, rainSum);
    }
-    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis)) {
+    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis) && velCount > 0 && dirCount > 0) {
        // calculate averages and send to the mesh
        float velAvg = 1.0 * velSum / velCount;

@@ -29,10 +29,23 @@ int32_t StatusMessageModule::runOnce()
 ProcessMessage StatusMessageModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
    if (mp.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
-        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage;
+        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage = meshtastic_StatusMessage_init_zero;
+
        if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp.decoded.payload.bytes, mp.decoded.payload.size, meshtastic_StatusMessage_fields,
                                 &incomingMessage)) {
+
            LOG_INFO("Received a NodeStatus message %s", incomingMessage.status);
+
+            RecentStatus entry;
+            entry.fromNodeId = mp.from;
+            entry.statusText = incomingMessage.status;
+
+            recentReceived.push_back(std::move(entry));
+
+            // Keep only last MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+            if (recentReceived.size() > MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES) {
+                recentReceived.erase(recentReceived.begin()); // drop oldest
+            }
        }
    }
    return ProcessMessage::CONTINUE;
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
 #include "SinglePortModule.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>

 class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThread
 {
-
  public:
    /** Constructor
     * name is for debugging output
@@ -19,16 +20,28 @@ class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThre
            this->setInterval(1000 * 12 * 60 * 60);
        }
        // TODO: If we have a string, set the initial delay (15 minutes maybe)
+
+        // Keep vector from reallocating as we fill up to MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+        recentReceived.reserve(MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES);
    }

    virtual int32_t runOnce() override;

+    struct RecentStatus {
+        uint32_t fromNodeId;    // mp.from
+        std::string statusText; // incomingMessage.status
+    };
+
+    const std::vector<RecentStatus> &getRecentReceived() const { return recentReceived; }
+
  protected:
    /** Called to handle a particular incoming message
     */
    virtual ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;

  private:
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES = 5;
+    std::vector<RecentStatus> recentReceived;
 };

 extern StatusMessageModule *statusMessageModule;
@@ -66,18 +66,10 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/MCP9808Sensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT31Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
 #include "Sensor/LPS22HBSensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
 #include "Sensor/RAK12035Sensor.h"
 #endif
@@ -94,8 +86,8 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/OPT3001Sensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT4XSensor.h"
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+#include "Sensor/SHTXXSensor.h"
 #endif

 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
@@ -155,6 +147,15 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
    }
    LOG_INFO("Environment Telemetry adding I2C devices...");

+    /*
+        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
+        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
+    */
+
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;
+
    // order by priority of metrics/values (low top, high bottom)

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
@@ -202,15 +203,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_MCP9808.h>)
    addSensor<MCP9808Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MCP9808);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT31Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT31);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
    addSensor<LPS22HBSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::LPS22HB);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-    addSensor<SHTC3Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTC3);
-#endif
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
    addSensor<RAK12035Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::RAK12035);
 #endif
@@ -223,13 +218,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<ClosedCube_OPT3001.h>)
    addSensor<OPT3001Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::OPT3001);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT4XSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT4X);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
    addSensor<MLX90632Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MLX90632);
 #endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_BMP3XX.h>)
    addSensor<BMP3XXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BMP_3XX);
 #endif
@@ -245,7 +236,10 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<BH1750_WE.h>)
    addSensor<BH1750Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BH1750);
 #endif
-
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+    // TODO Can we scan for multiple sensors connected on the same bus?
+    addSensor<SHTXXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTXX);
+#endif
 #endif
 }

@@ -260,14 +254,6 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
    }

    uint32_t result = UINT32_MAX;
-    /*
-        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
-        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
-    */
-
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;

    if (!(moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled || moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled ||
          ENVIRONMENTAL_TELEMETRY_MODULE_ENABLE)) {
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT31Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-SHT31Sensor::SHT31Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT31, "SHT31") {}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    sht31 = Adafruit_SHT31(bus);
-    status = sht31.begin(dev->address.address);
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht31.readTemperature();
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht31.readHumidity();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-class SHT31Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT31 sht31;
-
-  public:
-    SHT31Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT4XSensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-SHT4XSensor::SHT4XSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT4X, "SHT4X") {}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-
-    uint32_t serialNumber = 0;
-
-    status = sht4x.begin(bus);
-    if (!status) {
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    serialNumber = sht4x.readSerial();
-    if (serialNumber != 0) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("serialNumber : %x", serialNumber);
-        status = 1;
-    } else {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Error trying to execute readSerial(): ");
-        status = 0;
-    }
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    sht4x.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-class SHT4XSensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT4x sht4x = Adafruit_SHT4x();
-
-  public:
-    SHT4XSensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-SHTC3Sensor::SHTC3Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTC3, "SHTC3") {}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    status = shtc3.begin(bus);
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    shtc3.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-class SHTC3Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHTC3 shtc3 = Adafruit_SHTC3();
-
-  public:
-    SHTC3Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "SHTXXSensor.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+SHTXXSensor::SHTXXSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTXX, "SHTXX") {}
+
+void SHTXXSensor::getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType sensorType)
+{
+    switch (sensorType) {
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT2X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT2x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x/SHT85";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW2:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC3:
+        sensorVariant = "SHTC1/SHTC3/SHTW1/SHTW2";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT4x";
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        sensorVariant = "Unknown";
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
+{
+    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
+
+    _bus = bus;
+    _address = dev->address.address;
+
+    if (sht.init(*_bus)) {
+        LOG_INFO("%s: init(): success", sensorName);
+        getSensorVariant(sht.mSensorType);
+        LOG_INFO("%s Sensor detected: %s on 0x%x", sensorName, sensorVariant, _address);
+        status = 1;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s: init(): failed", sensorName);
+    }
+
+    initI2CSensor();
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accuracy setting of measurement.
+ * Not all sensors support changing the sampling accuracy (only SHT3X and SHT4X)
+ * SHTAccuracy:
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH: Highest repeatability at the cost of slower measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM: Balanced repeatability and speed of measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_LOW: Fastest measurement but lowest repeatability
+ */
+bool SHTXXSensor::setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy)
+{
+    // Only SHT3X-family (including alternates) and SHT4X support changing accuracy
+    if (sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT &&
+        sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85 && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X) {
+        LOG_WARN("%s doesn't support accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+    LOG_INFO("%s: setting new accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+    accuracy = newAccuracy;
+    return sht.setAccuracy(accuracy);
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
+{
+    if (sht.readSample()) {
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht.getTemperature();
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht.getHumidity();
+
+        LOG_INFO("%s (%s): Got: temp:%fdegC, hum:%f%%rh", sensorName, sensorVariant,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity);
+
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s (%s): read sample failed", sensorName, sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+AdminMessageHandleResult SHTXXSensor::handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                         meshtastic_AdminMessage *response)
+{
+    AdminMessageHandleResult result;
+    result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+
+    switch (request->which_payload_variant) {
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_sensor_config_tag:
+        if (!request->sensor_config.has_shtxx_config) {
+            result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Check for sensor accuracy setting
+        if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.has_set_accuracy) {
+            SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy;
+            if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 0) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_LOW;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 1) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 2) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH;
+            } else {
+                LOG_ERROR("%s: incorrect accuracy setting", sensorName);
+                result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+                break;
+            }
+            this->setAccuracy(newAccuracy);
+        }
+
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+class SHTXXSensor : public TelemetrySensor
+{
+  private:
+    SHTSensor sht;
+    TwoWire *_bus{};
+    uint8_t _address{};
+    SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy accuracy{};
+    bool setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy);
+
+  public:
+    SHTXXSensor();
+    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
+    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
+    void getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType);
+    const char *sensorVariant{};
+
+    AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                meshtastic_AdminMessage *response) override;
+};
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "MeshModule.h"
+#include "concurrency/Lock.h"
+#include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+
+/**
+ * TrafficManagementModule - Packet inspection and traffic shaping for mesh networks.
+ *
+ * This module provides:
+ * - Position deduplication (drop redundant position broadcasts)
+ * - Per-node rate limiting (throttle chatty nodes)
+ * - Unknown packet filtering (drop undecoded packets from repeat offenders)
+ * - NodeInfo direct response (answer queries from cache to reduce mesh chatter)
+ * - Local-only telemetry/position (exhaust hop_limit for local broadcasts)
+ * - Router hop preservation (maintain hop_limit for router-to-router traffic)
+ *
+ * Memory Optimization:
+ * Uses a unified cache with cuckoo hashing for O(1) lookups and 56% memory reduction
+ * compared to separate per-feature caches. Timestamps are stored as 8-bit relative
+ * offsets from a rolling epoch to further reduce memory footprint.
+ */
+class TrafficManagementModule : public MeshModule, private concurrency::OSThread
+{
+  public:
+    TrafficManagementModule();
+    ~TrafficManagementModule();
+
+    // Singleton — no copying or moving
+    TrafficManagementModule(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+    TrafficManagementModule &operator=(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats getStats() const;
+    void resetStats();
+    void recordRouterHopPreserved();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this packet should have its hops exhausted.
+     * Called from perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 regardless of
+     * router_preserve_hops or favorite node logic.
+     */
+    bool shouldExhaustHops(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) const
+    {
+        return exhaustRequested && exhaustRequestedFrom == getFrom(&mp) && exhaustRequestedId == mp.id;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    bool wantPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override { return true; }
+    void alterReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    int32_t runOnce() override;
+    // Protected so test shims can force epoch rollover behavior.
+    void resetEpoch(uint32_t nowMs);
+
+  private:
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Unified Cache Entry (10 bytes) - Same for ALL platforms
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // A single compact structure used across ESP32, NRF52, and all other platforms.
+    // Memory: 10 bytes × 2048 entries = 20KB
+    //
+    // Position Fingerprinting:
+    //   Instead of storing full coordinates (8 bytes) or a computed hash,
+    //   we store an 8-bit fingerprint derived deterministically from the
+    //   truncated lat/lon. This extracts the lower 4 significant bits from
+    //   each coordinate: fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    //   Benefits over hash:
+    //   - Adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints (no collision)
+    //   - Two positions only collide if 16+ grid cells apart in BOTH dimensions
+    //   - Deterministic: same input always produces same output
+    //
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution:
+    //   All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated
+    //   from config at startup. Resolution = max(60, min(339, interval/2)).
+    //   - Min 60 seconds ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - Max 339 seconds allows ~24 hour range (255 * 339 = 86445 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Layout:
+    //   [0-3]   node            - NodeNum (4 bytes)
+    //   [4]     pos_fingerprint - 4 bits lat + 4 bits lon (1 byte)
+    //   [5]     rate_count      - Packets in current window (1 byte)
+    //   [6]     unknown_count   - Unknown packets count (1 byte)
+    //   [7]     pos_time        - Position timestamp (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [8]     rate_time       - Rate window start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [9]     unknown_time    - Unknown tracking start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //
+    struct __attribute__((packed)) UnifiedCacheEntry {
+        NodeNum node;            // 4 bytes - Node identifier (0 = empty slot)
+        uint8_t pos_fingerprint; // 1 byte  - Lower 4 bits of lat + lon
+        uint8_t rate_count;      // 1 byte  - Packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t unknown_count;   // 1 byte  - Unknown packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t pos_time;        // 1 byte  - Position timestamp (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t rate_time;       // 1 byte  - Rate window start (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t unknown_time;    // 1 byte  - Unknown tracking start (adaptive resolution)
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(UnifiedCacheEntry) == 10, "UnifiedCacheEntry should be 10 bytes");
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cuckoo Hash Table Implementation
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Cuckoo hashing provides O(1) worst-case lookup time using two hash functions.
+    // Each key can be in one of two possible locations (h1 or h2). On collision,
+    // the existing entry is "kicked" to its alternate location.
+    //
+    // Benefits over linear scan:
+    // - O(1) lookup vs O(n) - critical at packet processing rates
+    // - O(1) insertion (amortized) with simple eviction on cycles
+    // - ~95% load factor achievable
+    //
+    // Cache size rounds to power-of-2 for fast modulo via bitmask.
+    // TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE=2000 → cacheSize()=2048
+    //
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheSize();
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheMask();
+
+    // Hash functions for cuckoo hashing
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & cacheMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash2(NodeNum node) const { return ((node * 2654435769u) >> (32 - cuckooHashBits())) & cacheMask(); }
+    static constexpr uint8_t cuckooHashBits();
+
+    // NodeInfo cache configuration (PSRAM path):
+    // - Payload lives in PSRAM
+    // - DRAM keeps packed 12-bit tags with 4-way bucketed cuckoo hashing
+    //   (Fan et al., CoNEXT 2014). Tag value 0 is reserved as "empty".
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes = 3072; // 3KB DRAM tag store
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent = 95;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoBucketSize = 4;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTagBits = 12;
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTagMask = static_cast<uint16_t>((1u << kNodeInfoTagBits) - 1u);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes * 8u) / kNodeInfoTagBits);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlots =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>(kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw - (kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw % kNodeInfoBucketSize));
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTargetEntries =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexSlots * kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent) / 100u);
+    static_assert((kNodeInfoIndexSlots % kNodeInfoBucketSize) == 0, "NodeInfo slot count must align to bucket size");
+    static_assert(kNodeInfoTargetEntries < (1u << kNodeInfoTagBits), "NodeInfo tag bits must encode payload index");
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTargetEntries();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketSize();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTagBits();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTagMask();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexSlots();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketCount();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketHashBits();
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & nodeInfoBucketMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash2(NodeNum node) const
+    {
+        return ((node * 2246822519u) >> (32 - nodeInfoBucketHashBits())) & nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated from
+    // config at startup. This allows ~24 hour range while maintaining precision.
+    //
+    // Resolution formula: max(60, min(339, interval/2))
+    //   - 60 sec minimum ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - 339 sec maximum allows 24 hour range (255 * 339 ≈ 86400 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Since config changes require reboot, resolution is calculated once.
+    //
+    uint32_t cacheEpochMs = 0;
+    uint16_t posTimeResolution = 60;     // Seconds per tick for position
+    uint16_t rateTimeResolution = 60;    // Seconds per tick for rate limiting
+    uint16_t unknownTimeResolution = 60; // Seconds per tick for unknown tracking
+
+    // Calculate resolution from configured interval (called once at startup)
+    static uint16_t calcTimeResolution(uint32_t intervalSecs)
+    {
+        // Resolution = interval/2 to ensure at least 2 ticks per interval
+        // Clamped to [60, 339] for min precision and max 24h range
+        uint32_t res = (intervalSecs > 0) ? (intervalSecs / 2) : 60;
+        if (res < 60)
+            res = 60;
+        if (res > 339)
+            res = 339;
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(res);
+    }
+
+    // Convert to/from 8-bit relative timestamps with given resolution
+    uint8_t toRelativeTime(uint32_t nowMs, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        uint32_t ticks = (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) / (resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+        return (ticks > UINT8_MAX) ? UINT8_MAX : static_cast<uint8_t>(ticks);
+    }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeTime(uint8_t ticks, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        return cacheEpochMs + (static_cast<uint32_t>(ticks) * resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+    }
+
+    // Convenience wrappers for each timestamp type
+    uint8_t toRelativePosTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, posTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativePosTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, posTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeRateTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, rateTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeRateTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, rateTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeUnknownTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, unknownTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeUnknownTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, unknownTimeResolution); }
+
+    // Epoch reset when any timestamp approaches overflow
+    // With max resolution of 339 sec, 200 ticks = ~19 hours (safe margin for 24h max)
+    bool needsEpochReset(uint32_t nowMs) const
+    {
+        uint16_t maxRes = posTimeResolution;
+        if (rateTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = rateTimeResolution;
+        if (unknownTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = unknownTimeResolution;
+        return (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) > (200UL * maxRes * 1000UL);
+    }
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Position Fingerprint
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Computes 8-bit fingerprint from truncated lat/lon coordinates.
+    // Extracts lower 4 significant bits from each coordinate.
+    //
+    // fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    // Unlike a hash, adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints,
+    // so nearby positions never collide. Collisions only occur for
+    // positions 16+ grid cells apart in both dimensions.
+    //
+    // Guards: If precision < 4 bits, uses min(precision, 4) bits.
+    //
+    static uint8_t computePositionFingerprint(int32_t lat_truncated, int32_t lon_truncated, uint8_t precision);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Storage
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    mutable concurrency::Lock cacheLock; // Protects all cache access
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *cache = nullptr;  // Cuckoo hash table (unified for all platforms)
+    bool cacheFromPsram = false;         // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+
+    struct NodeInfoPayloadEntry {
+        // Node identifier associated with this payload slot.
+        // 0 means the slot is currently unused.
+        NodeNum node;
+
+        // Cached NODEINFO_APP payload body. This is separate from NodeDB and is only
+        // used by the PSRAM-backed direct-response path in this module.
+        meshtastic_User user;
+
+        // Extra response metadata captured from the latest observed NODEINFO_APP
+        // packet for this node. shouldRespondToNodeInfo() uses this metadata when
+        // building spoofed replies for requesting clients.
+
+        // Last local uptime tick (millis) when this entry was refreshed.
+        uint32_t lastObservedMs;
+
+        // Last RTC/packet timestamp (seconds) observed for this NodeInfo frame.
+        // If unavailable in packet, remains 0.
+        uint32_t lastObservedRxTime;
+
+        // Channel where we most recently heard this node's NodeInfo.
+        uint8_t sourceChannel;
+
+        // Cached decoded bitfield metadata from the source packet.
+        // We preserve non-OK_TO_MQTT bits in direct replies when available.
+        bool hasDecodedBitfield;
+        uint8_t decodedBitfield;
+    };
+
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *nodeInfoPayload = nullptr; // NodeInfo payloads in PSRAM
+    bool nodeInfoPayloadFromPsram = false;           // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+    uint8_t *nodeInfoIndex = nullptr;                // Packed 12-bit NodeInfo tags in DRAM
+    uint16_t nodeInfoAllocHint = 0;
+    uint16_t nodeInfoEvictCursor = 0;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats stats;
+
+    // Flag set during alterReceived() when packet should be exhausted.
+    // Checked by perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 only for the
+    // matching packet key (from + id). Reset at start of handleReceived().
+    bool exhaustRequested = false;
+    NodeNum exhaustRequestedFrom = 0;
+    PacketId exhaustRequestedId = 0;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Operations
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    // Find or create entry for node using cuckoo hashing
+    // Returns nullptr if cache is full and eviction fails
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findOrCreateEntry(NodeNum node, bool *isNew);
+
+    // Find existing entry (no creation)
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findEntry(NodeNum node);
+
+    // NodeInfo cache operations (bucketed cuckoo index + PSRAM payloads)
+    const NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node) const;
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findOrCreateNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node, bool *usedEmptySlot);
+    uint16_t findNodeInfoPayloadIndex(NodeNum node) const;
+    bool removeNodeInfoIndexEntry(NodeNum node, uint16_t payloadIndex);
+    uint16_t allocateNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    uint16_t evictNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    bool tryInsertNodeInfoEntryInBucket(uint16_t bucket, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t encodeNodeInfoTag(uint16_t payloadIndex) const;
+    uint16_t decodeNodeInfoPayloadIndex(uint16_t tag) const;
+    uint16_t getNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot) const;
+    void setNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t countNodeInfoEntriesLocked() const;
+    void cacheNodeInfoPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Traffic Management Logic
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    bool shouldDropPosition(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtastic_Position *pos, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldRespondToNodeInfo(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool sendResponse);
+    bool isMinHopsFromRequestor(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) const;
+    bool isRateLimited(NodeNum from, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldDropUnknown(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, uint32_t nowMs);
+
+    void logAction(const char *action, const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const char *reason) const;
+    void incrementStat(uint32_t *field);
+};
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Compile-time Cache Size Calculations
+// =========================================================================
+//
+// Round TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE up to next power of 2 for efficient
+// cuckoo hash indexing (allows bitmask instead of modulo).
+//
+// These use C++11-compatible constexpr (single return statement).
+//
+
+namespace detail
+{
+// Helper: round up to next power of 2 using bit manipulation
+constexpr uint16_t nextPow2(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n == 0 ? 0 : (((n - 1) | ((n - 1) >> 1) | ((n - 1) >> 2) | ((n - 1) >> 4) | ((n - 1) >> 8)) + 1);
+}
+
+// Helper: floor(log2(n)) for n >= 0, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Floor(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n >> 1)));
+}
+
+// Helper: ceil(log2(n)) for n >= 1, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Ceil(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n - 1)));
+}
+} // namespace detail
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheSize()
+{
+    return detail::nextPow2(TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE);
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheMask()
+{
+    return cacheSize() > 0 ? cacheSize() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::cuckooHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(cacheSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetEntries()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetEntries;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketSize()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoBucketSize;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagBits()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagBits;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagMask()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagMask;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexSlots()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexSlots;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketCount()
+{
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(nodeInfoIndexSlots() / nodeInfoBucketSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketMask()
+{
+    return nodeInfoBucketCount() > 0 ? nodeInfoBucketCount() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(nodeInfoBucketCount());
+}
+
+extern TrafficManagementModule *trafficManagementModule;
+
+#endif
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ AudioModule::AudioModule() : SinglePortModule("Audio", meshtastic_PortNum_AUDIO_
    // moduleConfig.audio.i2s_sck = 14;
    // moduleConfig.audio.ptt_pin = 39;

-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        LOG_INFO("Set up codec2 in mode %u", (moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
        codec2 = codec2_create((moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
        memcpy(tx_header.magic, c2_magic, sizeof(c2_magic));
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void AudioModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int

 int32_t AudioModule::runOnce()
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        esp_err_t res;
        if (firstTime) {
            // Set up I2S Processor configuration. This will produce 16bit samples at 8 kHz instead of 12 from the ADC
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void AudioModule::sendPayload(NodeNum dest, bool wantReplies)

 ProcessMessage AudioModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        auto &p = mp.decoded;
        if (!isFromUs(&mp)) {
            memcpy(rx_encode_frame, p.payload.bytes, p.payload.size);
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@
 #define ETH ETH2
 #endif // HAS_ETHERNET
 #include "Default.h"
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) || NRF52_USE_JSON
-#include "serialization/JSON.h"
-#include "serialization/MeshPacketSerializer.h"
-#endif
 #include <Throttle.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <utility>
@@ -148,96 +144,6 @@ inline void onReceiveProto(char *topic, byte *payload, size_t length)
        router->enqueueReceivedMessage(p.release());
 }

-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) || NRF52_USE_JSON
-// returns true if this is a valid JSON envelope which we accept on downlink
-inline bool isValidJsonEnvelope(JSONObject &json)
-{
-    // Generate node ID from nodenum for comparison
-    std::string nodeId = nodeDB->getNodeId();
-    // if "sender" is provided, avoid processing packets we uplinked
-    return (json.find("sender") != json.end() ? (json["sender"]->AsString().compare(nodeId) != 0) : true) &&
-           (json.find("hopLimit") != json.end() ? json["hopLimit"]->IsNumber() : true) && // hop limit should be a number
-           (json.find("from") != json.end()) && json["from"]->IsNumber() &&
-           (json["from"]->AsNumber() == nodeDB->getNodeNum()) &&            // only accept message if the "from" is us
-           (json.find("type") != json.end()) && json["type"]->IsString() && // should specify a type
-           (json.find("payload") != json.end());                            // should have a payload
-}
-
-inline void onReceiveJson(byte *payload, size_t length)
-{
-    char payloadStr[length + 1];
-    memcpy(payloadStr, payload, length);
-    payloadStr[length] = 0; // null terminated string
-    std::unique_ptr<JSONValue> json_value(JSON::Parse(payloadStr));
-    if (json_value == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ERROR("JSON received payload on MQTT but not a valid JSON");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    JSONObject json;
-    json = json_value->AsObject();
-
-    if (!isValidJsonEnvelope(json)) {
-        LOG_ERROR("JSON received payload on MQTT but not a valid envelope");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // this is a valid envelope
-    if (json["type"]->AsString().compare("sendtext") == 0 && json["payload"]->IsString()) {
-        std::string jsonPayloadStr = json["payload"]->AsString();
-        LOG_INFO("JSON payload %s, length %u", jsonPayloadStr.c_str(), jsonPayloadStr.length());
-
-        // construct protobuf data packet using TEXT_MESSAGE, send it to the mesh
-        meshtastic_MeshPacket *p = router->allocForSending();
-        p->decoded.portnum = meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP;
-        if (json.find("channel") != json.end() && json["channel"]->IsNumber() &&
-            (json["channel"]->AsNumber() < channels.getNumChannels()))
-            p->channel = json["channel"]->AsNumber();
-        if (json.find("to") != json.end() && json["to"]->IsNumber())
-            p->to = json["to"]->AsNumber();
-        if (json.find("hopLimit") != json.end() && json["hopLimit"]->IsNumber())
-            p->hop_limit = json["hopLimit"]->AsNumber();
-        if (jsonPayloadStr.length() <= sizeof(p->decoded.payload.bytes)) {
-            memcpy(p->decoded.payload.bytes, jsonPayloadStr.c_str(), jsonPayloadStr.length());
-            p->decoded.payload.size = jsonPayloadStr.length();
-            service->sendToMesh(p, RX_SRC_LOCAL);
-        } else {
-            LOG_WARN("Received MQTT json payload too long, drop");
-        }
-    } else if (json["type"]->AsString().compare("sendposition") == 0 && json["payload"]->IsObject()) {
-        // invent the "sendposition" type for a valid envelope
-        JSONObject posit;
-        posit = json["payload"]->AsObject(); // get nested JSON Position
-        meshtastic_Position pos = meshtastic_Position_init_default;
-        if (posit.find("latitude_i") != posit.end() && posit["latitude_i"]->IsNumber())
-            pos.latitude_i = posit["latitude_i"]->AsNumber();
-        if (posit.find("longitude_i") != posit.end() && posit["longitude_i"]->IsNumber())
-            pos.longitude_i = posit["longitude_i"]->AsNumber();
-        if (posit.find("altitude") != posit.end() && posit["altitude"]->IsNumber())
-            pos.altitude = posit["altitude"]->AsNumber();
-        if (posit.find("time") != posit.end() && posit["time"]->IsNumber())
-            pos.time = posit["time"]->AsNumber();
-
-        // construct protobuf data packet using POSITION, send it to the mesh
-        meshtastic_MeshPacket *p = router->allocForSending();
-        p->decoded.portnum = meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP;
-        if (json.find("channel") != json.end() && json["channel"]->IsNumber() &&
-            (json["channel"]->AsNumber() < channels.getNumChannels()))
-            p->channel = json["channel"]->AsNumber();
-        if (json.find("to") != json.end() && json["to"]->IsNumber())
-            p->to = json["to"]->AsNumber();
-        if (json.find("hopLimit") != json.end() && json["hopLimit"]->IsNumber())
-            p->hop_limit = json["hopLimit"]->AsNumber();
-        p->decoded.payload.size =
-            pb_encode_to_bytes(p->decoded.payload.bytes, sizeof(p->decoded.payload.bytes), &meshtastic_Position_msg,
-                               &pos); // make the Data protobuf from position
-        service->sendToMesh(p, RX_SRC_LOCAL);
-    } else {
-        LOG_DEBUG("JSON ignore downlink message with unsupported type");
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
 /// Determines if the given IPAddress is a private IPv4 address, i.e. not routable on the public internet.
 bool isPrivateIpAddress(const IPAddress &ip)
 {
@@ -322,8 +228,8 @@ bool connectPubSub(const PubSubConfig &config, PubSubClient &pubSub, Client &cli
    pubSub.setClient(client);
    pubSub.setServer(config.serverAddr.c_str(), config.serverPort);

-    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: %s", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
-             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername, config.mqttPassword);
+    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: ***", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
+             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername);

    // Generate node ID from nodenum for client identification
    std::string nodeId = nodeDB->getNodeId();
@@ -382,26 +288,6 @@ void MQTT::onReceive(char *topic, byte *payload, size_t length)
        return;
    }

-    // check if this is a json payload message by comparing the topic start
-    if (moduleConfig.mqtt.json_enabled && (strncmp(topic, jsonTopic.c_str(), jsonTopic.length()) == 0)) {
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) || NRF52_USE_JSON
-        // parse the channel name from the topic string
-        // the topic has been checked above for having jsonTopic prefix, so just move past it
-        char *channelName = topic + jsonTopic.length();
-        // if another "/" was added, parse string up to that character
-        channelName = strtok(channelName, "/") ? strtok(channelName, "/") : channelName;
-        // We allow downlink JSON packets only on a channel named "mqtt"
-        const meshtastic_Channel &sendChannel = channels.getByName(channelName);
-        if (!(strncasecmp(channels.getGlobalId(sendChannel.index), Channels::mqttChannel, strlen(Channels::mqttChannel)) == 0 &&
-              sendChannel.settings.downlink_enabled)) {
-            LOG_WARN("JSON downlink received on channel not called 'mqtt' or without downlink enabled");
-            return;
-        }
-        onReceiveJson(payload, length);
-#endif
-        return;
-    }
-
    onReceiveProto(topic, payload, length);
 }

@@ -426,12 +312,10 @@ MQTT::MQTT() : concurrency::OSThread("mqtt"), mqttQueue(MAX_MQTT_QUEUE)

        if (*moduleConfig.mqtt.root) {
            cryptTopic = moduleConfig.mqtt.root + cryptTopic;
-            jsonTopic = moduleConfig.mqtt.root + jsonTopic;
            mapTopic = moduleConfig.mqtt.root + mapTopic;
            isConfiguredForDefaultRootTopic = isDefaultRootTopic(moduleConfig.mqtt.root);
        } else {
            cryptTopic = "msh" + cryptTopic;
-            jsonTopic = "msh" + jsonTopic;
            mapTopic = "msh" + mapTopic;
            isConfiguredForDefaultRootTopic = true;
        }
@@ -582,14 +466,6 @@ void MQTT::sendSubscriptions()
            std::string topic = cryptTopic + channels.getGlobalId(i) + "/+";
            LOG_INFO("Subscribe to %s", topic.c_str());
            pubSub.subscribe(topic.c_str(), 1); // FIXME, is QOS 1 right?
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) ||                                                                                                      \
-    defined(NRF52_USE_JSON) // JSON is not supported on nRF52, see issue #2804 ### Fixed by using ArduinoJSON ###
-            if (moduleConfig.mqtt.json_enabled == true) {
-                std::string topicDecoded = jsonTopic + channels.getGlobalId(i) + "/+";
-                LOG_INFO("Subscribe to %s", topicDecoded.c_str());
-                pubSub.subscribe(topicDecoded.c_str(), 1); // FIXME, is QOS 1 right?
-            }
-#endif // ARCH_NRF52 NRF52_USE_JSON
        }
    }
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI
@@ -728,33 +604,6 @@ void MQTT::publishQueuedMessages()
    const std::unique_ptr<QueueEntry> entry(mqttQueue.dequeuePtr(0));
    LOG_INFO("publish %s, %u bytes from queue", entry->topic.c_str(), entry->envBytes.size());
    publish(entry->topic.c_str(), entry->envBytes.data(), entry->envBytes.size(), false);
-
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) ||                                                                                                      \
-    defined(NRF52_USE_JSON) // JSON is not supported on nRF52, see issue #2804 ### Fixed by using ArduinoJson ###
-    if (!moduleConfig.mqtt.json_enabled)
-        return;
-
-    // handle json topic
-    const DecodedServiceEnvelope env(entry->envBytes.data(), entry->envBytes.size());
-    if (!env.validDecode || env.packet == NULL || env.channel_id == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    auto jsonString = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(env.packet);
-    if (jsonString.length() == 0)
-        return;
-
-    // Generate node ID from nodenum for topic
-    std::string nodeId = nodeDB->getNodeId();
-
-    std::string topicJson;
-    if (env.packet->pki_encrypted) {
-        topicJson = jsonTopic + "PKI/" + nodeId;
-    } else {
-        topicJson = jsonTopic + env.channel_id + "/" + nodeId;
-    }
-    LOG_INFO("JSON publish message to %s, %u bytes: %s", topicJson.c_str(), jsonString.length(), jsonString.c_str());
-    publish(topicJson.c_str(), jsonString.c_str(), false);
-#endif // ARCH_NRF52 NRF52_USE_JSON
 }

 void MQTT::onSend(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp_encrypted, const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp_decoded, ChannelIndex chIndex)
@@ -818,21 +667,6 @@ void MQTT::onSend(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp_encrypted, const meshtastic_Me
    if (moduleConfig.mqtt.proxy_to_client_enabled || this->isConnectedDirectly()) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MQTT Publish %s, %u bytes", topic.c_str(), numBytes);
        publish(topic.c_str(), bytes, numBytes, false);
-
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) ||                                                                                                      \
-    defined(NRF52_USE_JSON) // JSON is not supported on nRF52, see issue #2804 ### Fixed by using ArduinoJson ###
-        if (!moduleConfig.mqtt.json_enabled)
-            return;
-        // handle json topic
-        auto jsonString = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&mp_decoded);
-        if (jsonString.length() == 0)
-            return;
-        // Generate node ID from nodenum for JSON topic
-        std::string nodeIdForJson = nodeDB->getNodeId();
-        std::string topicJson = jsonTopic + channelId + "/" + nodeIdForJson;
-        LOG_INFO("JSON publish message to %s, %u bytes: %s", topicJson.c_str(), jsonString.length(), jsonString.c_str());
-        publish(topicJson.c_str(), jsonString.c_str(), false);
-#endif // ARCH_NRF52 NRF52_USE_JSON
    } else {
        LOG_INFO("MQTT not connected, queue packet");
        QueueEntry *entry;
@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@
 #include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
 #include "mesh/Channels.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mqtt.pb.h"
-#if !defined(ARCH_NRF52) || NRF52_USE_JSON
-#include "serialization/JSON.h"
-#endif
 #if HAS_WIFI
 #include <WiFiClient.h>
 #if __has_include(<WiFiClientSecure.h>)
@@ -101,9 +98,8 @@ class MQTT : private concurrency::OSThread
    explicit MQTT(std::unique_ptr<MQTTClient> mqttClient);
 #endif

-    std::string cryptTopic = "/2/e/";   // msh/2/e/CHANNELID/NODEID
-    std::string jsonTopic = "/2/json/"; // msh/2/json/CHANNELID/NODEID
-    std::string mapTopic = "/2/map/";   // For protobuf-encoded MapReport messages
+    std::string cryptTopic = "/2/e/"; // msh/2/e/CHANNELID/NODEID
+    std::string mapTopic = "/2/map/"; // For protobuf-encoded MapReport messages

    // For map reporting (only applies when enabled)
    const uint32_t default_map_position_precision = 14; // defaults to max. offset of ~1459m
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <nrfx_wdt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 // #include <Adafruit_USBD_Device.h>
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "PowerMon.h"
 #include "error.h"
@@ -398,15 +399,14 @@ void nrf52Setup()
 #endif

    // Init random seed
-    union seedParts {
-        uint32_t seed32;
-        uint8_t seed8[4];
-    } seed;
-    nRFCrypto.begin();
-    nRFCrypto.Random.generate(seed.seed8, sizeof(seed.seed8));
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set random seed %u", seed.seed32);
-    randomSeed(seed.seed32);
-    nRFCrypto.end();
+    uint32_t seed = 0;
+    if (!HardwareRNG::seed(seed)) {
+        LOG_WARN("Hardware RNG seed unavailable, using PRNG fallback");
+        // Use a hardware timer value as a fallback seed for better entropy
+        seed = micros();
+    }
+    LOG_DEBUG("Set random seed %u", seed);
+    randomSeed(seed);

    // Set up nrfx watchdog. Do not enable the watchdog yet (we do that
    // the first time through the main loop), so that other threads can
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "CryptoEngine.h"
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "PortduinoGPIO.h"
 #include "SPIChip.h"
 #include "mesh/RF95Interface.h"
@@ -181,6 +182,10 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    // Force stdout to be line buffered
    setvbuf(stdout, stdoutBuffer, _IOLBF, sizeof(stdoutBuffer));

+    // We do this super early so that we can log from the rest of the init code
+    concurrency::hasBeenSetup = true;
+    consoleInit();
+
    if (portduino_config.force_simradio == true) {
        portduino_config.lora_module = use_simradio;
    } else if (configPath != nullptr) {
@@ -233,7 +238,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
        std::cout << "Running in simulated mode." << std::endl;
        portduino_config.MaxNodes = 200; // Default to 200 nodes
        // Set the random seed equal to TCPPort to have a different seed per instance
-        randomSeed(TCPPort);
+        uint32_t seed = TCPPort;
+        HardwareRNG::seed(seed);
+        randomSeed(seed);
        return;
    }

@@ -512,7 +519,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
 #endif
    printf("MAC ADDRESS: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", dmac[0], dmac[1], dmac[2], dmac[3], dmac[4], dmac[5]);
    // Rather important to set this, if not running simulated.
-    randomSeed(time(NULL));
+    uint32_t seed = static_cast<uint32_t>(time(NULL));
+    HardwareRNG::seed(seed);
+    randomSeed(seed);

    std::string defaultGpioChipName = gpioChipName + std::to_string(portduino_config.lora_default_gpiochip);

@@ -645,7 +654,9 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    if (verboseEnabled && portduino_config.logoutputlevel != level_trace) {
        portduino_config.logoutputlevel = level_debug;
    }
-
+    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "") {
+        portduinoSetOptions({.realHardware = true});
+    }
    return;
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "hardware/xosc.h"
 #include <hardware/clocks.h>
@@ -98,10 +99,12 @@ void getMacAddr(uint8_t *dmac)

 void rp2040Setup()
 {
-    /* Sets a random seed to make sure we get different random numbers on each boot.
-       Taken from CPU cycle counter and ROSC oscillator, so should be pretty random.
-    */
-    randomSeed(rp2040.hwrand32());
+    /* Sets a random seed to make sure we get different random numbers on each boot. */
+    uint32_t seed = 0;
+    if (!HardwareRNG::seed(seed)) {
+        seed = rp2040.hwrand32();
+    }
+    randomSeed(seed);

 #ifdef RP2040_SLOW_CLOCK
    uint f_pll_sys = frequency_count_khz(CLOCKS_FC0_SRC_VALUE_PLL_SYS_CLKSRC_PRIMARY);
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.globl HardFault_Handler
+.syntax unified
+.thumb
+
+.type HardFault_Handler, %function
+HardFault_Handler:
+tst lr, #4
+ite eq
+mrseq r0, msp
+mrsne r0, psp
+b HardFault_Handler_C
@@ -1,8 +1,60 @@
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stm32wle5xx.h>
 #include <stm32wlxx_hal.h>

+// ─── Bootloader redirect ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// Why .noinit + constructor instead of TAMP backup registers:
+//
+//   The STM32duino startup sequence initialises clocks which may call
+//   __HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_FORCE/RELEASE when configuring the LSE oscillator,
+//   wiping the entire backup domain (including TAMP->BKP0R) before setup()
+//   ever runs. The backup-register approach therefore cannot reliably survive
+//   a soft reset in this toolchain.
+//
+//   Solution: store the magic in a .noinit SRAM variable.
+//   - NVIC_SystemReset() does NOT clear SRAM.
+//   - The linker script skips zero-init for .noinit sections.
+//   - __attribute__((constructor)) fires before main()/HAL_Init(), so we can
+//     intercept and jump before anything disturbs peripheral state.
+
+#define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0xD00DB007UL
+#define SYS_MEM_BASE 0x1FFF0000UL
+
+// Placed in .noinit — not zeroed at startup, survives NVIC_SystemReset().
+__attribute__((section(".noinit"), used)) volatile uint32_t g_bootloaderMagic;
+
+// Fires before main() / HAL_Init(). Must use only core Cortex-M registers.
+__attribute__((constructor(101), used)) static void earlyBootCheck(void)
+{
+    if (g_bootloaderMagic != BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
+        return;
+    g_bootloaderMagic = 0;
+
+    SysTick->CTRL = 0;
+    SysTick->LOAD = 0;
+    SysTick->VAL = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        NVIC->ICER[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        NVIC->ICPR[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    }
+    __DSB();
+    __ISB();
+    SCB->VTOR = SYS_MEM_BASE;
+    __set_MSP(*(volatile uint32_t *)SYS_MEM_BASE);
+    ((void (*)(void))(*(volatile uint32_t *)(SYS_MEM_BASE + 4)))();
+    while (1)
+        ;
+}
+
+void enterDfuMode()
+{
+    g_bootloaderMagic = BOOTLOADER_MAGIC;
+    HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
+}
+
 void setBluetoothEnable(bool enable) {}

 void playStartMelody() {}
@@ -53,4 +105,99 @@ extern "C" void __wrap__tzset_unlocked_r(struct _reent *reent_ptr)
 {
    return;
 }
-#endif
+#endif
+
+// Taken from https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/cortex-m-hardfault-debug
+typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) ContextStateFrame {
+    uint32_t r0;
+    uint32_t r1;
+    uint32_t r2;
+    uint32_t r3;
+    uint32_t r12;
+    uint32_t lr;
+    uint32_t return_address;
+    uint32_t xpsr;
+} sContextStateFrame;
+
+// NOTE: If you are using CMSIS, the registers can also be
+// accessed through CoreDebug->DHCSR & CoreDebug_DHCSR_C_DEBUGEN_Msk
+#define HALT_IF_DEBUGGING()                                                                                                      \
+    do {                                                                                                                         \
+        if ((*(volatile uint32_t *)0xE000EDF0) & (1 << 0)) {                                                                     \
+            __asm("bkpt 1");                                                                                                     \
+        }                                                                                                                        \
+    } while (0)
+
+static char hardfault_message_buffer[256];
+
+// printf directly using srcwrapper's debug UART function.
+static void debug_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    int length = vsnprintf(hardfault_message_buffer, sizeof(hardfault_message_buffer), format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    if (length < 0)
+        return;
+    uart_debug_write((uint8_t *)hardfault_message_buffer, min((unsigned int)length, sizeof(hardfault_message_buffer) - 1));
+}
+
+// N picked by guessing
+#define DOT_TIME 1200000
+static void dot()
+{
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_ON);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_OFF);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+static void dash()
+{
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_ON);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < (DOT_TIME * 3); i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+    digitalWrite(LED_POWER, LED_STATE_OFF);
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < DOT_TIME; i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+static void space()
+{
+    for (volatile int i = 0; i < (DOT_TIME * 3); i++) { /* busy wait */
+    }
+}
+
+// Disable optimizations for this function so "frame" argument
+// does not get optimized away
+extern "C" __attribute__((optimize("O0"))) void HardFault_Handler_C(sContextStateFrame *frame)
+{
+    debug_printf("HardFault!\r\n");
+    debug_printf("r0: %08x\r\n", frame->r0);
+    debug_printf("r1: %08x\r\n", frame->r1);
+    debug_printf("r2: %08x\r\n", frame->r2);
+    debug_printf("r3: %08x\r\n", frame->r3);
+    debug_printf("r12: %08x\r\n", frame->r12);
+    debug_printf("lr: %08x\r\n", frame->lr);
+    debug_printf("pc[return address]: %08x\r\n", frame->return_address);
+    debug_printf("xpsr: %08x\r\n", frame->xpsr);
+
+    HALT_IF_DEBUGGING();
+
+    // blink SOS forever
+    while (1) {
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dash();
+        dash();
+        dash();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        dot();
+        space();
+    }
+}
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@

 // Device specific curves go in variant.h
 #ifndef OCV_ARRAY
+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && BATTERY_PIN == AVBAT
+// STM32 VDD/VBAT absolute maximum is 4V so use an LFP curve
+#define OCV_ARRAY 3650, 3400, 3340, 3320, 3300, 3280, 3270, 3260, 3240, 3200, 2500
+#else
 #define OCV_ARRAY 4190, 4050, 3990, 3890, 3800, 3720, 3630, 3530, 3420, 3300, 3100
 #endif
+#endif

 /*Note: 12V lead acid is 6 cells, most board accept only 1 cell LiIon/LiPo*/
 #ifndef NUM_CELLS
@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * File JSON.cpp part of the SimpleJSON Library - http://mjpa.in/json
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Mike Anchor
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#include "JSON.h"
-
-/**
- * Blocks off the public constructor
- *
- * @access private
- *
- */
-JSON::JSON() {}
-
-/**
- * Parses a complete JSON encoded string
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param char* data The JSON text
- *
- * @return JSONValue* Returns a JSON Value representing the root, or NULL on error
- */
-JSONValue *JSON::Parse(const char *data)
-{
-    // Skip any preceding whitespace, end of data = no JSON = fail
-    if (!SkipWhitespace(&data))
-        return NULL;
-
-    // We need the start of a value here now...
-    JSONValue *value = JSONValue::Parse(&data);
-    if (value == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    // Can be white space now and should be at the end of the string then...
-    if (SkipWhitespace(&data)) {
-        delete value;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // We're now at the end of the string
-    return value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Turns the passed in JSONValue into a JSON encode string
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param JSONValue* value The root value
- *
- * @return std::string Returns a JSON encoded string representation of the given value
- */
-std::string JSON::Stringify(const JSONValue *value)
-{
-    if (value != NULL)
-        return value->Stringify();
-    else
-        return "";
-}
-
-/**
- * Skips over any whitespace characters (space, tab, \r or \n) defined by the JSON spec
- *
- * @access protected
- *
- * @param char** data Pointer to a char* that contains the JSON text
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if there is more data, or false if the end of the text was reached
- */
-bool JSON::SkipWhitespace(const char **data)
-{
-    while (**data != 0 && (**data == ' ' || **data == '\t' || **data == '\r' || **data == '\n'))
-        (*data)++;
-
-    return **data != 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Extracts a JSON String as defined by the spec - "<some chars>"
- * Any escaped characters are swapped out for their unescaped values
- *
- * @access protected
- *
- * @param char** data Pointer to a char* that contains the JSON text
- * @param std::string& str Reference to a std::string to receive the extracted string
- *
- * @return bool Returns true on success, false on failure
- */
-bool JSON::ExtractString(const char **data, std::string &str)
-{
-    str = "";
-
-    while (**data != 0) {
-        // Save the char so we can change it if need be
-        char next_char = **data;
-
-        // Escaping something?
-        if (next_char == '\\') {
-            // Move over the escape char
-            (*data)++;
-
-            // Deal with the escaped char
-            switch (**data) {
-            case '"':
-                next_char = '"';
-                break;
-            case '\\':
-                next_char = '\\';
-                break;
-            case '/':
-                next_char = '/';
-                break;
-            case 'b':
-                next_char = '\b';
-                break;
-            case 'f':
-                next_char = '\f';
-                break;
-            case 'n':
-                next_char = '\n';
-                break;
-            case 'r':
-                next_char = '\r';
-                break;
-            case 't':
-                next_char = '\t';
-                break;
-            case 'u': {
-                // We need 5 chars (4 hex + the 'u') or its not valid
-                if (!simplejson_csnlen(*data, 5))
-                    return false;
-
-                // Deal with the chars
-                next_char = 0;
-                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                    // Do it first to move off the 'u' and leave us on the
-                    // final hex digit as we move on by one later on
-                    (*data)++;
-
-                    next_char <<= 4;
-
-                    // Parse the hex digit
-                    if (**data >= '0' && **data <= '9')
-                        next_char |= (**data - '0');
-                    else if (**data >= 'A' && **data <= 'F')
-                        next_char |= (10 + (**data - 'A'));
-                    else if (**data >= 'a' && **data <= 'f')
-                        next_char |= (10 + (**data - 'a'));
-                    else {
-                        // Invalid hex digit = invalid JSON
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // By the spec, only the above cases are allowed
-            default:
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // End of the string?
-        else if (next_char == '"') {
-            (*data)++;
-            str.shrink_to_fit(); // Remove unused capacity
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // Disallowed char?
-        else if (next_char < ' ' && next_char != '\t') {
-            // SPEC Violation: Allow tabs due to real world cases
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Add the next char
-        str += next_char;
-
-        // Move on
-        (*data)++;
-    }
-
-    // If we're here, the string ended incorrectly
-    return false;
-}
-
-/**
- * Parses some text as though it is an integer
- *
- * @access protected
- *
- * @param char** data Pointer to a char* that contains the JSON text
- *
- * @return double Returns the double value of the number found
- */
-double JSON::ParseInt(const char **data)
-{
-    double integer = 0;
-    while (**data != 0 && **data >= '0' && **data <= '9')
-        integer = integer * 10 + (*(*data)++ - '0');
-
-    return integer;
-}
-
-/**
- * Parses some text as though it is a decimal
- *
- * @access protected
- *
- * @param char** data Pointer to a char* that contains the JSON text
- *
- * @return double Returns the double value of the decimal found
- */
-double JSON::ParseDecimal(const char **data)
-{
-    double decimal = 0.0;
-    double factor = 0.1;
-    while (**data != 0 && **data >= '0' && **data <= '9') {
-        int digit = (*(*data)++ - '0');
-        decimal = decimal + digit * factor;
-        factor *= 0.1;
-    }
-    return decimal;
-}
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * File JSON.h part of the SimpleJSON Library - http://mjpa.in/json
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Mike Anchor
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#ifndef _JSON_H_
-#define _JSON_H_
-
-#include <cstring>
-#include <map>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-// Simple function to check a string 's' has at least 'n' characters
-static inline bool simplejson_csnlen(const char *s, size_t n)
-{
-    if (s == 0)
-        return false;
-
-    const char *save = s;
-    while (n-- > 0) {
-        if (*(save++) == 0)
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-// Custom types
-class JSONValue;
-typedef std::vector<JSONValue *> JSONArray;
-typedef std::map<std::string, JSONValue *> JSONObject;
-
-#include "JSONValue.h"
-
-class JSON
-{
-    friend class JSONValue;
-
-  public:
-    static JSONValue *Parse(const char *data);
-    static std::string Stringify(const JSONValue *value);
-
-  protected:
-    static bool SkipWhitespace(const char **data);
-    static bool ExtractString(const char **data, std::string &str);
-    static double ParseInt(const char **data);
-    static double ParseDecimal(const char **data);
-
-  private:
-    JSON();
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,897 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * File JSONValue.cpp part of the SimpleJSON Library - http://mjpa.in/json
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Mike Anchor
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#include <math.h>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "JSONValue.h"
-
-// Macros to free an array/object
-#define FREE_ARRAY(x)                                                                                                            \
-    {                                                                                                                            \
-        JSONArray::iterator iter;                                                                                                \
-        for (iter = x.begin(); iter != x.end(); ++iter) {                                                                        \
-            delete *iter;                                                                                                        \
-        }                                                                                                                        \
-    }
-#define FREE_OBJECT(x)                                                                                                           \
-    {                                                                                                                            \
-        JSONObject::iterator iter;                                                                                               \
-        for (iter = x.begin(); iter != x.end(); ++iter) {                                                                        \
-            delete (*iter).second;                                                                                               \
-        }                                                                                                                        \
-    }
-
-/**
- * Parses a JSON encoded value to a JSONValue object
- *
- * @access protected
- *
- * @param char** data Pointer to a char* that contains the data
- *
- * @return JSONValue* Returns a pointer to a JSONValue object on success, NULL on error
- */
-JSONValue *JSONValue::Parse(const char **data)
-{
-    // Is it a string?
-    if (**data == '"') {
-        std::string str;
-        if (!JSON::ExtractString(&(++(*data)), str))
-            return NULL;
-        else
-            return new JSONValue(str);
-    }
-
-    // Is it a boolean?
-    else if ((simplejson_csnlen(*data, 4) && strncasecmp(*data, "true", 4) == 0) ||
-             (simplejson_csnlen(*data, 5) && strncasecmp(*data, "false", 5) == 0)) {
-        bool value = strncasecmp(*data, "true", 4) == 0;
-        (*data) += value ? 4 : 5;
-        return new JSONValue(value);
-    }
-
-    // Is it a null?
-    else if (simplejson_csnlen(*data, 4) && strncasecmp(*data, "null", 4) == 0) {
-        (*data) += 4;
-        return new JSONValue();
-    }
-
-    // Is it a number?
-    else if (**data == '-' || (**data >= '0' && **data <= '9')) {
-        // Negative?
-        bool neg = **data == '-';
-        if (neg)
-            (*data)++;
-
-        double number = 0.0;
-
-        // Parse the whole part of the number - only if it wasn't 0
-        if (**data == '0')
-            (*data)++;
-        else if (**data >= '1' && **data <= '9')
-            number = JSON::ParseInt(data);
-        else
-            return NULL;
-
-        // Could be a decimal now...
-        if (**data == '.') {
-            (*data)++;
-
-            // Not get any digits?
-            if (!(**data >= '0' && **data <= '9'))
-                return NULL;
-
-            // Find the decimal and sort the decimal place out
-            // Use ParseDecimal as ParseInt won't work with decimals less than 0.1
-            // thanks to Javier Abadia for the report & fix
-            double decimal = JSON::ParseDecimal(data);
-
-            // Save the number
-            number += decimal;
-        }
-
-        // Could be an exponent now...
-        if (**data == 'E' || **data == 'e') {
-            (*data)++;
-
-            // Check signage of expo
-            bool neg_expo = false;
-            if (**data == '-' || **data == '+') {
-                neg_expo = **data == '-';
-                (*data)++;
-            }
-
-            // Not get any digits?
-            if (!(**data >= '0' && **data <= '9'))
-                return NULL;
-
-            // Sort the expo out
-            double expo = JSON::ParseInt(data);
-            for (double i = 0.0; i < expo; i++)
-                number = neg_expo ? (number / 10.0) : (number * 10.0);
-        }
-
-        // Was it neg?
-        if (neg)
-            number *= -1;
-
-        return new JSONValue(number);
-    }
-
-    // An object?
-    else if (**data == '{') {
-        JSONObject object;
-
-        (*data)++;
-
-        while (**data != 0) {
-            // Whitespace at the start?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // Special case - empty object
-            if (object.size() == 0 && **data == '}') {
-                (*data)++;
-                return new JSONValue(object);
-            }
-
-            // We want a string now...
-            std::string name;
-            if (!JSON::ExtractString(&(++(*data)), name)) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // More whitespace?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // Need a : now
-            if (*((*data)++) != ':') {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // More whitespace?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // The value is here
-            JSONValue *value = Parse(data);
-            if (value == NULL) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // Add the name:value
-            if (object.find(name) != object.end())
-                delete object[name];
-            object[name] = value;
-
-            // More whitespace?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // End of object?
-            if (**data == '}') {
-                (*data)++;
-                return new JSONValue(object);
-            }
-
-            // Want a , now
-            if (**data != ',') {
-                FREE_OBJECT(object);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            (*data)++;
-        }
-
-        // Only here if we ran out of data
-        FREE_OBJECT(object);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // An array?
-    else if (**data == '[') {
-        JSONArray array;
-
-        (*data)++;
-
-        while (**data != 0) {
-            // Whitespace at the start?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_ARRAY(array);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // Special case - empty array
-            if (array.size() == 0 && **data == ']') {
-                (*data)++;
-                return new JSONValue(array);
-            }
-
-            // Get the value
-            JSONValue *value = Parse(data);
-            if (value == NULL) {
-                FREE_ARRAY(array);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // Add the value
-            array.push_back(value);
-
-            // More whitespace?
-            if (!JSON::SkipWhitespace(data)) {
-                FREE_ARRAY(array);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            // End of array?
-            if (**data == ']') {
-                (*data)++;
-                return new JSONValue(array);
-            }
-
-            // Want a , now
-            if (**data != ',') {
-                FREE_ARRAY(array);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-            (*data)++;
-        }
-
-        // Only here if we ran out of data
-        FREE_ARRAY(array);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // Ran out of possibilities, it's bad!
-    else {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type NULL
- *
- * @access public
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(/*NULL*/)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type String
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param char* m_char_value The string to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(const char *m_char_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_String;
-    string_value = new std::string(std::string(m_char_value));
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type String
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param std::string m_string_value The string to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(const std::string &m_string_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_String;
-    string_value = new std::string(m_string_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Bool
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param bool m_bool_value The bool to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(bool m_bool_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Bool;
-    bool_value = m_bool_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Number
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param double m_number_value The number to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(double m_number_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Number;
-    number_value = m_number_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Number
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param int m_integer_value The number to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(int m_integer_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Number;
-    number_value = (double)m_integer_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Number
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param unsigned int m_integer_value The number to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(unsigned int m_integer_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Number;
-    number_value = (double)m_integer_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Array
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param JSONArray m_array_value The JSONArray to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(const JSONArray &m_array_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Array;
-    array_value = new JSONArray(m_array_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Basic constructor for creating a JSON Value of type Object
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param JSONObject m_object_value The JSONObject to use as the value
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(const JSONObject &m_object_value)
-{
-    type = JSONType_Object;
-    object_value = new JSONObject(m_object_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Copy constructor to perform a deep copy of array / object values
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param JSONValue m_source The source JSONValue that is being copied
- */
-JSONValue::JSONValue(const JSONValue &m_source)
-{
-    type = m_source.type;
-
-    switch (type) {
-    case JSONType_String:
-        string_value = new std::string(*m_source.string_value);
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_Bool:
-        bool_value = m_source.bool_value;
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_Number:
-        number_value = m_source.number_value;
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_Array: {
-        JSONArray source_array = *m_source.array_value;
-        JSONArray::iterator iter;
-        array_value = new JSONArray();
-        for (iter = source_array.begin(); iter != source_array.end(); ++iter)
-            array_value->push_back(new JSONValue(**iter));
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case JSONType_Object: {
-        JSONObject source_object = *m_source.object_value;
-        object_value = new JSONObject();
-        JSONObject::iterator iter;
-        for (iter = source_object.begin(); iter != source_object.end(); ++iter) {
-            std::string name = (*iter).first;
-            (*object_value)[name] = new JSONValue(*((*iter).second));
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case JSONType_Null:
-        // Nothing to do.
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * The destructor for the JSON Value object
- * Handles deleting the objects in the array or the object value
- *
- * @access public
- */
-JSONValue::~JSONValue()
-{
-    if (type == JSONType_Array) {
-        JSONArray::iterator iter;
-        for (iter = array_value->begin(); iter != array_value->end(); ++iter)
-            delete *iter;
-        delete array_value;
-    } else if (type == JSONType_Object) {
-        JSONObject::iterator iter;
-        for (iter = object_value->begin(); iter != object_value->end(); ++iter) {
-            delete (*iter).second;
-        }
-        delete object_value;
-    } else if (type == JSONType_String) {
-        delete string_value;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is a NULL
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is a NULL value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsNull() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_Null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is a String
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is a String value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsString() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_String;
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is a Bool
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is a Bool value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsBool() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_Bool;
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is a Number
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is a Number value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsNumber() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_Number;
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is an Array
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is an Array value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsArray() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_Array;
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if the value is an Object
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if it is an Object value, false otherwise
- */
-bool JSONValue::IsObject() const
-{
-    return type == JSONType_Object;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the String value of this JSONValue
- * Use IsString() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return std::string Returns the string value
- */
-const std::string &JSONValue::AsString() const
-{
-    return (*string_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the Bool value of this JSONValue
- * Use IsBool() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns the bool value
- */
-bool JSONValue::AsBool() const
-{
-    return bool_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the Number value of this JSONValue
- * Use IsNumber() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return double Returns the number value
- */
-double JSONValue::AsNumber() const
-{
-    return number_value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the Array value of this JSONValue
- * Use IsArray() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return JSONArray Returns the array value
- */
-const JSONArray &JSONValue::AsArray() const
-{
-    return (*array_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the Object value of this JSONValue
- * Use IsObject() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return JSONObject Returns the object value
- */
-const JSONObject &JSONValue::AsObject() const
-{
-    return (*object_value);
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the number of children of this JSONValue.
- * This number will be 0 or the actual number of children
- * if IsArray() or IsObject().
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return The number of children.
- */
-std::size_t JSONValue::CountChildren() const
-{
-    switch (type) {
-    case JSONType_Array:
-        return array_value->size();
-    case JSONType_Object:
-        return object_value->size();
-    default:
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if this JSONValue has a child at the given index.
- * Use IsArray() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if the array has a value at the given index.
- */
-bool JSONValue::HasChild(std::size_t index) const
-{
-    if (type == JSONType_Array) {
-        return index < array_value->size();
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the child of this JSONValue at the given index.
- * Use IsArray() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return JSONValue* Returns JSONValue at the given index or NULL
- *                    if it doesn't exist.
- */
-JSONValue *JSONValue::Child(std::size_t index)
-{
-    if (index < array_value->size()) {
-        return (*array_value)[index];
-    } else {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks if this JSONValue has a child at the given key.
- * Use IsObject() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return bool Returns true if the object has a value at the given key.
- */
-bool JSONValue::HasChild(const char *name) const
-{
-    if (type == JSONType_Object) {
-        return object_value->find(name) != object_value->end();
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the child of this JSONValue at the given key.
- * Use IsObject() before using this method.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return JSONValue* Returns JSONValue for the given key in the object
- *                    or NULL if it doesn't exist.
- */
-JSONValue *JSONValue::Child(const char *name)
-{
-    JSONObject::const_iterator it = object_value->find(name);
-    if (it != object_value->end()) {
-        return it->second;
-    } else {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieves the keys of the JSON Object or an empty vector
- * if this value is not an object.
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @return std::vector<std::string> A vector containing the keys.
- */
-std::vector<std::string> JSONValue::ObjectKeys() const
-{
-    std::vector<std::string> keys;
-
-    if (type == JSONType_Object) {
-        JSONObject::const_iterator iter = object_value->begin();
-        while (iter != object_value->end()) {
-            keys.push_back(iter->first);
-
-            ++iter;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return keys;
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates a JSON encoded string for the value with all necessary characters escaped
- *
- * @access public
- *
- * @param bool prettyprint Enable prettyprint
- *
- * @return std::string Returns the JSON string
- */
-std::string JSONValue::Stringify(bool const prettyprint) const
-{
-    size_t const indentDepth = prettyprint ? 1 : 0;
-    return StringifyImpl(indentDepth);
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates a JSON encoded string for the value with all necessary characters escaped
- *
- * @access private
- *
- * @param size_t indentDepth The prettyprint indentation depth (0 : no prettyprint)
- *
- * @return std::string Returns the JSON string
- */
-std::string JSONValue::StringifyImpl(size_t const indentDepth) const
-{
-    std::string ret_string;
-    size_t const indentDepth1 = indentDepth ? indentDepth + 1 : 0;
-    std::string const indentStr = Indent(indentDepth);
-    std::string const indentStr1 = Indent(indentDepth1);
-
-    switch (type) {
-    case JSONType_Null:
-        ret_string = "null";
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_String:
-        ret_string = StringifyString(*string_value);
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_Bool:
-        ret_string = bool_value ? "true" : "false";
-        break;
-
-    case JSONType_Number: {
-        if (isinf(number_value) || isnan(number_value))
-            ret_string = "null";
-        else {
-            std::stringstream ss;
-            ss.precision(15);
-            ss << number_value;
-            ret_string = ss.str();
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case JSONType_Array: {
-        ret_string = indentDepth ? "[\n" + indentStr1 : "[";
-        JSONArray::const_iterator iter = array_value->begin();
-        while (iter != array_value->end()) {
-            ret_string += (*iter)->StringifyImpl(indentDepth1);
-
-            // Not at the end - add a separator
-            if (++iter != array_value->end())
-                ret_string += ",";
-        }
-        ret_string += indentDepth ? "\n" + indentStr + "]" : "]";
-        break;
-    }
-
-    case JSONType_Object: {
-        ret_string = indentDepth ? "{\n" + indentStr1 : "{";
-        JSONObject::const_iterator iter = object_value->begin();
-        while (iter != object_value->end()) {
-            ret_string += StringifyString((*iter).first);
-            ret_string += ":";
-            ret_string += (*iter).second->StringifyImpl(indentDepth1);
-
-            // Not at the end - add a separator
-            if (++iter != object_value->end())
-                ret_string += ",";
-        }
-        ret_string += indentDepth ? "\n" + indentStr + "}" : "}";
-        break;
-    }
-    }
-
-    return ret_string;
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates a JSON encoded string with all required fields escaped
- * Works from http://www.ecma-internationl.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-262.pdf
- * Section 15.12.3.
- *
- * @access private
- *
- * @param std::string str The string that needs to have the characters escaped
- *
- * @return std::string Returns the JSON string
- */
-std::string JSONValue::StringifyString(const std::string &str)
-{
-    std::string str_out = "\"";
-
-    std::string::const_iterator iter = str.begin();
-    while (iter != str.end()) {
-        char chr = *iter;
-
-        if (chr == '"' || chr == '\\' || chr == '/') {
-            str_out += '\\';
-            str_out += chr;
-        } else if (chr == '\b') {
-            str_out += "\\b";
-        } else if (chr == '\f') {
-            str_out += "\\f";
-        } else if (chr == '\n') {
-            str_out += "\\n";
-        } else if (chr == '\r') {
-            str_out += "\\r";
-        } else if (chr == '\t') {
-            str_out += "\\t";
-        } else if (chr < 0x20 || chr == 0x7F) {
-            char buf[7];
-            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\\u%04x", chr);
-            str_out += buf;
-        } else if (chr < 0x80) {
-            str_out += chr;
-        } else {
-            str_out += chr;
-            size_t remain = str.end() - iter - 1;
-            if ((chr & 0xE0) == 0xC0 && remain >= 1) {
-                ++iter;
-                str_out += *iter;
-            } else if ((chr & 0xF0) == 0xE0 && remain >= 2) {
-                str_out += *(++iter);
-                str_out += *(++iter);
-            } else if ((chr & 0xF8) == 0xF0 && remain >= 3) {
-                str_out += *(++iter);
-                str_out += *(++iter);
-                str_out += *(++iter);
-            }
-        }
-
-        ++iter;
-    }
-
-    str_out += "\"";
-    return str_out;
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates the indentation string for the depth given
- *
- * @access private
- *
- * @param size_t indent The prettyprint indentation depth (0 : no indentation)
- *
- * @return std::string Returns the string
- */
-std::string JSONValue::Indent(size_t depth)
-{
-    const size_t indent_step = 2;
-    depth ? --depth : 0;
-    std::string indentStr(depth * indent_step, ' ');
-    return indentStr;
-}
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * File JSONValue.h part of the SimpleJSON Library - http://mjpa.in/json
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Mike Anchor
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#ifndef _JSONVALUE_H_
-#define _JSONVALUE_H_
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "JSON.h"
-
-class JSON;
-
-enum JSONType { JSONType_Null, JSONType_String, JSONType_Bool, JSONType_Number, JSONType_Array, JSONType_Object };
-
-class JSONValue
-{
-    friend class JSON;
-
-  public:
-    JSONValue(/*NULL*/);
-    explicit JSONValue(const char *m_char_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(const std::string &m_string_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(bool m_bool_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(double m_number_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(int m_integer_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(unsigned int m_integer_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(const JSONArray &m_array_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(const JSONObject &m_object_value);
-    explicit JSONValue(const JSONValue &m_source);
-    ~JSONValue();
-
-    bool IsNull() const;
-    bool IsString() const;
-    bool IsBool() const;
-    bool IsNumber() const;
-    bool IsArray() const;
-    bool IsObject() const;
-
-    const std::string &AsString() const;
-    bool AsBool() const;
-    double AsNumber() const;
-    const JSONArray &AsArray() const;
-    const JSONObject &AsObject() const;
-
-    std::size_t CountChildren() const;
-    bool HasChild(std::size_t index) const;
-    JSONValue *Child(std::size_t index);
-    bool HasChild(const char *name) const;
-    JSONValue *Child(const char *name);
-    std::vector<std::string> ObjectKeys() const;
-
-    std::string Stringify(bool const prettyprint = false) const;
-
-  protected:
-    static JSONValue *Parse(const char **data);
-
-  private:
-    static std::string StringifyString(const std::string &str);
-    std::string StringifyImpl(size_t const indentDepth) const;
-    static std::string Indent(size_t depth);
-
-    JSONType type;
-
-    union {
-        bool bool_value;
-        double number_value;
-        std::string *string_value;
-        JSONArray *array_value;
-        JSONObject *object_value;
-    };
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-#ifndef NRF52_USE_JSON
+#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "MeshPacketSerializer.h"
-#include "JSON.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mqtt.pb.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
 #include <DebugConfiguration.h>
+#include <json/json.h>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mesh-pb-constants.h>
 #if defined(ARCH_ESP32)
 #include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/paxcount.pb.h"
@@ -15,41 +16,49 @@

 static const char *errStr = "Error decoding proto for %s message!";

+static std::string writeCompact(const Json::Value &v)
+{
+    Json::StreamWriterBuilder b;
+    b["indentation"] = "";
+    b["emitUTF8"] = true;
+    return Json::writeString(b, v);
+}
+
+static bool tryParseJson(const char *s, Json::Value &out)
+{
+    Json::CharReaderBuilder b;
+    std::unique_ptr<Json::CharReader> reader(b.newCharReader());
+    std::string errs;
+    const char *end = s + strlen(s);
+    return reader->parse(s, end, &out, &errs);
+}
+
 std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp, bool shouldLog)
 {
-    // the created jsonObj is immutable after creation, so
-    // we need to do the heavy lifting before assembling it.
    std::string msgType;
-    JSONObject jsonObj;
+    Json::Value jsonObj(Json::objectValue);

    if (mp->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
-        JSONObject msgPayload;
+        Json::Value msgPayload(Json::objectValue);
        switch (mp->decoded.portnum) {
        case meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP: {
            msgType = "text";
-            // convert bytes to string
            if (shouldLog)
                LOG_DEBUG("got text message of size %u", mp->decoded.payload.size);

            char payloadStr[(mp->decoded.payload.size) + 1];
            memcpy(payloadStr, mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size);
-            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0; // null terminated string
-            // check if this is a JSON payload
-            JSONValue *json_value = JSON::Parse(payloadStr);
-            if (json_value != NULL) {
+            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0;
+            Json::Value parsed;
+            if (tryParseJson(payloadStr, parsed)) {
                if (shouldLog)
                    LOG_INFO("text message payload is of type json");
-
-                // if it is, then we can just use the json object
-                jsonObj["payload"] = json_value;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = parsed;
            } else {
-                // if it isn't, then we need to create a json object
-                // with the string as the value
                if (shouldLog)
                    LOG_INFO("text message payload is of type plaintext");
-
-                msgPayload["text"] = new JSONValue(payloadStr);
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                msgPayload["text"] = payloadStr;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            }
            break;
        }
@@ -61,133 +70,129 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Telemetry_msg, &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
                if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_device_metrics_tag) {
-                    // If battery is present, encode the battery level value
-                    // TODO - Add a condition to send a code for a non-present value
                    if (decoded->variant.device_metrics.has_battery_level) {
-                        msgPayload["battery_level"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->variant.device_metrics.battery_level);
+                        msgPayload["battery_level"] = (int)decoded->variant.device_metrics.battery_level;
                    }
-                    msgPayload["voltage"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.device_metrics.voltage);
-                    msgPayload["channel_utilization"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.device_metrics.channel_utilization);
-                    msgPayload["air_util_tx"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.device_metrics.air_util_tx);
-                    msgPayload["uptime_seconds"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->variant.device_metrics.uptime_seconds);
+                    msgPayload["voltage"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.voltage;
+                    msgPayload["channel_utilization"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.channel_utilization;
+                    msgPayload["air_util_tx"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.air_util_tx;
+                    msgPayload["uptime_seconds"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.device_metrics.uptime_seconds;
                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_environment_metrics_tag) {
-                    // Avoid sending 0s for sensors that could be 0
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature) {
-                        msgPayload["temperature"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.temperature);
+                        msgPayload["temperature"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.temperature;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity) {
-                        msgPayload["relative_humidity"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity);
+                        msgPayload["relative_humidity"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_barometric_pressure) {
-                        msgPayload["barometric_pressure"] =
-                            new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure);
+                        msgPayload["barometric_pressure"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_gas_resistance) {
-                        msgPayload["gas_resistance"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance);
+                        msgPayload["gas_resistance"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_voltage) {
-                        msgPayload["voltage"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.voltage);
+                        msgPayload["voltage"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.voltage;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_current) {
-                        msgPayload["current"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.current);
+                        msgPayload["current"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.current;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_lux) {
-                        msgPayload["lux"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.lux);
+                        msgPayload["lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.lux;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_white_lux) {
-                        msgPayload["white_lux"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.white_lux);
+                        msgPayload["white_lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.white_lux;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_iaq) {
-                        msgPayload["iaq"] = new JSONValue((uint)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.iaq);
+                        msgPayload["iaq"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.iaq;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_distance) {
-                        msgPayload["distance"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.distance);
+                        msgPayload["distance"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.distance;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_speed) {
-                        msgPayload["wind_speed"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed);
+                        msgPayload["wind_speed"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_direction) {
-                        msgPayload["wind_direction"] = new JSONValue((uint)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction);
+                        msgPayload["wind_direction"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_gust) {
-                        msgPayload["wind_gust"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust);
+                        msgPayload["wind_gust"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_lull) {
-                        msgPayload["wind_lull"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull);
+                        msgPayload["wind_lull"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_radiation) {
-                        msgPayload["radiation"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.radiation);
+                        msgPayload["radiation"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.radiation;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_ir_lux) {
-                        msgPayload["ir_lux"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.ir_lux);
+                        msgPayload["ir_lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.ir_lux;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_uv_lux) {
-                        msgPayload["uv_lux"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.uv_lux);
+                        msgPayload["uv_lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.uv_lux;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_weight) {
-                        msgPayload["weight"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.weight);
+                        msgPayload["weight"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.weight;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_1h) {
-                        msgPayload["rainfall_1h"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_1h);
+                        msgPayload["rainfall_1h"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_1h;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_24h) {
-                        msgPayload["rainfall_24h"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_24h);
+                        msgPayload["rainfall_24h"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_24h;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_moisture) {
-                        msgPayload["soil_moisture"] = new JSONValue((uint)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.soil_moisture);
+                        msgPayload["soil_moisture"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.soil_moisture;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_temperature) {
-                        msgPayload["soil_temperature"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.environment_metrics.soil_temperature);
+                        msgPayload["soil_temperature"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.soil_temperature;
                    }
                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_air_quality_metrics_tag) {
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm10_standard) {
-                        msgPayload["pm10"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm10_standard);
+                        msgPayload["pm10"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm10_standard;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm25_standard) {
-                        msgPayload["pm25"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm25_standard);
+                        msgPayload["pm25"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm25_standard;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm100_standard) {
-                        msgPayload["pm100"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm100_standard);
+                        msgPayload["pm100"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm100_standard;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2) {
-                        msgPayload["co2"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2);
+                        msgPayload["co2"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2_temperature) {
-                        msgPayload["co2_temperature"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_temperature);
+                        msgPayload["co2_temperature"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_temperature;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2_humidity) {
-                        msgPayload["co2_humidity"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_humidity);
+                        msgPayload["co2_humidity"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_humidity;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_formaldehyde) {
-                        msgPayload["form_formaldehyde"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_formaldehyde);
+                        msgPayload["form_formaldehyde"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_formaldehyde;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_temperature) {
-                        msgPayload["form_temperature"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_temperature);
+                        msgPayload["form_temperature"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_temperature;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_humidity) {
-                        msgPayload["form_humidity"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_humidity);
+                        msgPayload["form_humidity"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_humidity;
                    }
                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_power_metrics_tag) {
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch1_voltage) {
-                        msgPayload["voltage_ch1"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_voltage);
+                        msgPayload["voltage_ch1"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_voltage;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch1_current) {
-                        msgPayload["current_ch1"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_current);
+                        msgPayload["current_ch1"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_current;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch2_voltage) {
-                        msgPayload["voltage_ch2"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_voltage);
+                        msgPayload["voltage_ch2"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_voltage;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch2_current) {
-                        msgPayload["current_ch2"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_current);
+                        msgPayload["current_ch2"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_current;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_voltage) {
-                        msgPayload["voltage_ch3"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_voltage);
+                        msgPayload["voltage_ch3"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_voltage;
                    }
                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_current) {
-                        msgPayload["current_ch3"] = new JSONValue(decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_current);
+                        msgPayload["current_ch3"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_current;
                    }
                }
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
@@ -200,12 +205,12 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_User_msg, &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
-                msgPayload["id"] = new JSONValue(decoded->id);
-                msgPayload["longname"] = new JSONValue(decoded->long_name);
-                msgPayload["shortname"] = new JSONValue(decoded->short_name);
-                msgPayload["hardware"] = new JSONValue(decoded->hw_model);
-                msgPayload["role"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->role);
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                msgPayload["id"] = decoded->id;
+                msgPayload["longname"] = decoded->long_name;
+                msgPayload["shortname"] = decoded->short_name;
+                msgPayload["hardware"] = (int)decoded->hw_model;
+                msgPayload["role"] = (int)decoded->role;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
@@ -219,38 +224,38 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Position_msg, &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
                if ((int)decoded->time) {
-                    msgPayload["time"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->time);
+                    msgPayload["time"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->time;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->timestamp) {
-                    msgPayload["timestamp"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->timestamp);
+                    msgPayload["timestamp"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->timestamp;
                }
-                msgPayload["latitude_i"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->latitude_i);
-                msgPayload["longitude_i"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->longitude_i);
+                msgPayload["latitude_i"] = (int)decoded->latitude_i;
+                msgPayload["longitude_i"] = (int)decoded->longitude_i;
                if ((int)decoded->altitude) {
-                    msgPayload["altitude"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->altitude);
+                    msgPayload["altitude"] = (int)decoded->altitude;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->ground_speed) {
-                    msgPayload["ground_speed"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->ground_speed);
+                    msgPayload["ground_speed"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->ground_speed;
                }
                if (int(decoded->ground_track)) {
-                    msgPayload["ground_track"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->ground_track);
+                    msgPayload["ground_track"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->ground_track;
                }
                if (int(decoded->sats_in_view)) {
-                    msgPayload["sats_in_view"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->sats_in_view);
+                    msgPayload["sats_in_view"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->sats_in_view;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->PDOP) {
-                    msgPayload["PDOP"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->PDOP);
+                    msgPayload["PDOP"] = (int)decoded->PDOP;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->HDOP) {
-                    msgPayload["HDOP"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->HDOP);
+                    msgPayload["HDOP"] = (int)decoded->HDOP;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->VDOP) {
-                    msgPayload["VDOP"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->VDOP);
+                    msgPayload["VDOP"] = (int)decoded->VDOP;
                }
                if ((int)decoded->precision_bits) {
-                    msgPayload["precision_bits"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->precision_bits);
+                    msgPayload["precision_bits"] = (int)decoded->precision_bits;
                }
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
@@ -263,14 +268,14 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Waypoint_msg, &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
-                msgPayload["id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->id);
-                msgPayload["name"] = new JSONValue(decoded->name);
-                msgPayload["description"] = new JSONValue(decoded->description);
-                msgPayload["expire"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->expire);
-                msgPayload["locked_to"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->locked_to);
-                msgPayload["latitude_i"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->latitude_i);
-                msgPayload["longitude_i"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->longitude_i);
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                msgPayload["id"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->id;
+                msgPayload["name"] = decoded->name;
+                msgPayload["description"] = decoded->description;
+                msgPayload["expire"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->expire;
+                msgPayload["locked_to"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->locked_to;
+                msgPayload["latitude_i"] = (int)decoded->latitude_i;
+                msgPayload["longitude_i"] = (int)decoded->longitude_i;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
@@ -284,26 +289,26 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_NeighborInfo_msg,
                                     &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
-                msgPayload["node_id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->node_id);
-                msgPayload["node_broadcast_interval_secs"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->node_broadcast_interval_secs);
-                msgPayload["last_sent_by_id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->last_sent_by_id);
-                msgPayload["neighbors_count"] = new JSONValue(decoded->neighbors_count);
-                JSONArray neighbors;
+                msgPayload["node_id"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->node_id;
+                msgPayload["node_broadcast_interval_secs"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->node_broadcast_interval_secs;
+                msgPayload["last_sent_by_id"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->last_sent_by_id;
+                msgPayload["neighbors_count"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->neighbors_count;
+                Json::Value neighbors(Json::arrayValue);
                for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->neighbors_count; i++) {
-                    JSONObject neighborObj;
-                    neighborObj["node_id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->neighbors[i].node_id);
-                    neighborObj["snr"] = new JSONValue((int)decoded->neighbors[i].snr);
-                    neighbors.push_back(new JSONValue(neighborObj));
+                    Json::Value neighborObj(Json::objectValue);
+                    neighborObj["node_id"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->neighbors[i].node_id;
+                    neighborObj["snr"] = (int)decoded->neighbors[i].snr;
+                    neighbors.append(neighborObj);
                }
-                msgPayload["neighbors"] = new JSONValue(neighbors);
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                msgPayload["neighbors"] = neighbors;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
            break;
        }
        case meshtastic_PortNum_TRACEROUTE_APP: {
-            if (mp->decoded.request_id) { // Only report the traceroute response
+            if (mp->decoded.request_id) {
                msgType = "traceroute";
                meshtastic_RouteDiscovery scratch;
                meshtastic_RouteDiscovery *decoded = NULL;
@@ -311,45 +316,43 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
                if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_RouteDiscovery_msg,
                                         &scratch)) {
                    decoded = &scratch;
-                    JSONArray route;      // Route this message took
-                    JSONArray routeBack;  // Route this message took back
-                    JSONArray snrTowards; // Snr for forward route
-                    JSONArray snrBack;    // Snr for reverse route
+                    Json::Value route(Json::arrayValue);
+                    Json::Value routeBack(Json::arrayValue);
+                    Json::Value snrTowards(Json::arrayValue);
+                    Json::Value snrBack(Json::arrayValue);

-                    // Lambda function for adding a long name to the route
-                    auto addToRoute = [](JSONArray *route, NodeNum num) {
+                    auto addToRoute = [](Json::Value *r, NodeNum num) {
                        char long_name[40] = "Unknown";
                        meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(num);
                        bool name_known = node ? node->has_user : false;
                        if (name_known)
                            memcpy(long_name, node->user.long_name, sizeof(long_name));
-                        route->push_back(new JSONValue(long_name));
+                        r->append(long_name);
                    };
-                    addToRoute(&route, mp->to); // Started at the original transmitter (destination of response)
+                    addToRoute(&route, mp->to);
                    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->route_count; i++) {
                        addToRoute(&route, decoded->route[i]);
                    }
-                    addToRoute(&route, mp->from); // Ended at the original destination (source of response)
+                    addToRoute(&route, mp->from);

-                    addToRoute(&routeBack, mp->from); // Started at the original destination (source of response)
+                    addToRoute(&routeBack, mp->from);
                    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->route_back_count; i++) {
                        addToRoute(&routeBack, decoded->route_back[i]);
                    }
-                    addToRoute(&routeBack, mp->to); // Ended at the original transmitter (destination of response)
+                    addToRoute(&routeBack, mp->to);

                    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->snr_back_count; i++) {
-                        snrBack.push_back(new JSONValue((float)decoded->snr_back[i] / 4));
+                        snrBack.append((float)decoded->snr_back[i] / 4);
                    }
-
                    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->snr_towards_count; i++) {
-                        snrTowards.push_back(new JSONValue((float)decoded->snr_towards[i] / 4));
+                        snrTowards.append((float)decoded->snr_towards[i] / 4);
                    }

-                    msgPayload["route"] = new JSONValue(route);
-                    msgPayload["route_back"] = new JSONValue(routeBack);
-                    msgPayload["snr_back"] = new JSONValue(snrBack);
-                    msgPayload["snr_towards"] = new JSONValue(snrTowards);
-                    jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                    msgPayload["route"] = route;
+                    msgPayload["route_back"] = routeBack;
+                    msgPayload["snr_back"] = snrBack;
+                    msgPayload["snr_towards"] = snrTowards;
+                    jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
                } else if (shouldLog) {
                    LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
                }
@@ -360,9 +363,9 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            msgType = "detection";
            char payloadStr[(mp->decoded.payload.size) + 1];
            memcpy(payloadStr, mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size);
-            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0; // null terminated string
-            msgPayload["text"] = new JSONValue(payloadStr);
-            jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0;
+            msgPayload["text"] = payloadStr;
+            jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            break;
        }
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
@@ -373,10 +376,10 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Paxcount_msg, &scratch)) {
                decoded = &scratch;
-                msgPayload["wifi_count"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->wifi);
-                msgPayload["ble_count"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->ble);
-                msgPayload["uptime"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->uptime);
-                jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                msgPayload["wifi_count"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->wifi;
+                msgPayload["ble_count"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->ble;
+                msgPayload["uptime"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->uptime;
+                jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, msgType.c_str());
            }
@@ -392,20 +395,19 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
                decoded = &scratch;
                if (decoded->type == meshtastic_HardwareMessage_Type_GPIOS_CHANGED) {
                    msgType = "gpios_changed";
-                    msgPayload["gpio_value"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->gpio_value);
-                    jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                    msgPayload["gpio_value"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->gpio_value;
+                    jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
                } else if (decoded->type == meshtastic_HardwareMessage_Type_READ_GPIOS_REPLY) {
                    msgType = "gpios_read_reply";
-                    msgPayload["gpio_value"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->gpio_value);
-                    msgPayload["gpio_mask"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)decoded->gpio_mask);
-                    jsonObj["payload"] = new JSONValue(msgPayload);
+                    msgPayload["gpio_value"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->gpio_value;
+                    msgPayload["gpio_mask"] = (Json::UInt)decoded->gpio_mask;
+                    jsonObj["payload"] = msgPayload;
                }
            } else if (shouldLog) {
                LOG_ERROR(errStr, "RemoteHardware");
            }
            break;
        }
-        // add more packet types here if needed
        default:
            break;
        }
@@ -413,64 +415,56 @@ std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp,
        LOG_WARN("Couldn't convert encrypted payload of MeshPacket to JSON");
    }

-    jsonObj["id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->id);
-    jsonObj["timestamp"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->rx_time);
-    jsonObj["to"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->to);
-    jsonObj["from"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->from);
-    jsonObj["channel"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->channel);
-    jsonObj["type"] = new JSONValue(msgType.c_str());
-    jsonObj["sender"] = new JSONValue(nodeDB->getNodeId().c_str());
+    jsonObj["id"] = (Json::UInt)mp->id;
+    jsonObj["timestamp"] = (Json::UInt)mp->rx_time;
+    jsonObj["to"] = (Json::UInt)mp->to;
+    jsonObj["from"] = (Json::UInt)mp->from;
+    jsonObj["channel"] = (Json::UInt)mp->channel;
+    jsonObj["type"] = msgType;
+    jsonObj["sender"] = nodeDB->getNodeId();
    if (mp->rx_rssi != 0)
-        jsonObj["rssi"] = new JSONValue((int)mp->rx_rssi);
+        jsonObj["rssi"] = (int)mp->rx_rssi;
    if (mp->rx_snr != 0)
-        jsonObj["snr"] = new JSONValue((float)mp->rx_snr);
+        jsonObj["snr"] = (float)mp->rx_snr;
    const int8_t hopsAway = getHopsAway(*mp);
    if (hopsAway >= 0) {
-        jsonObj["hops_away"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)(hopsAway));
-        jsonObj["hop_start"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)(mp->hop_start));
+        jsonObj["hops_away"] = (Json::UInt)(hopsAway);
+        jsonObj["hop_start"] = (Json::UInt)(mp->hop_start);
    }

-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObj);
-    std::string jsonStr = value->Stringify();
+    std::string jsonStr = writeCompact(jsonObj);

    if (shouldLog)
        LOG_INFO("serialized json message: %s", jsonStr.c_str());

-    delete value;
    return jsonStr;
 }

 std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerializeEncrypted(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp)
 {
-    JSONObject jsonObj;
+    Json::Value jsonObj(Json::objectValue);

-    jsonObj["id"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->id);
-    jsonObj["time_ms"] = new JSONValue((double)millis());
-    jsonObj["timestamp"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->rx_time);
-    jsonObj["to"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->to);
-    jsonObj["from"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->from);
-    jsonObj["channel"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->channel);
-    jsonObj["want_ack"] = new JSONValue(mp->want_ack);
+    jsonObj["id"] = (Json::UInt)mp->id;
+    jsonObj["time_ms"] = (double)millis();
+    jsonObj["timestamp"] = (Json::UInt)mp->rx_time;
+    jsonObj["to"] = (Json::UInt)mp->to;
+    jsonObj["from"] = (Json::UInt)mp->from;
+    jsonObj["channel"] = (Json::UInt)mp->channel;
+    jsonObj["want_ack"] = mp->want_ack;

    if (mp->rx_rssi != 0)
-        jsonObj["rssi"] = new JSONValue((int)mp->rx_rssi);
+        jsonObj["rssi"] = (int)mp->rx_rssi;
    if (mp->rx_snr != 0)
-        jsonObj["snr"] = new JSONValue((float)mp->rx_snr);
+        jsonObj["snr"] = (float)mp->rx_snr;
    const int8_t hopsAway = getHopsAway(*mp);
    if (hopsAway >= 0) {
-        jsonObj["hops_away"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)(hopsAway));
-        jsonObj["hop_start"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)(mp->hop_start));
+        jsonObj["hops_away"] = (Json::UInt)(hopsAway);
+        jsonObj["hop_start"] = (Json::UInt)(mp->hop_start);
    }
-    jsonObj["size"] = new JSONValue((unsigned int)mp->encrypted.size);
+    jsonObj["size"] = (Json::UInt)mp->encrypted.size;
    auto encryptedStr = bytesToHex(mp->encrypted.bytes, mp->encrypted.size);
-    jsonObj["bytes"] = new JSONValue(encryptedStr.c_str());
+    jsonObj["bytes"] = encryptedStr;

-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    JSONValue *value = new JSONValue(jsonObj);
-    std::string jsonStr = value->Stringify();
-
-    delete value;
-    return jsonStr;
+    return writeCompact(jsonObj);
 }
-#endif
+#endif
@@ -1,421 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef NRF52_USE_JSON
-#warning 'Using nRF52 Serializer'
-
-#include "ArduinoJson.h"
-#include "MeshPacketSerializer.h"
-#include "NodeDB.h"
-#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mqtt.pb.h"
-#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/remote_hardware.pb.h"
-#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
-#include <DebugConfiguration.h>
-#include <mesh-pb-constants.h>
-
-StaticJsonDocument<1024> jsonObj;
-StaticJsonDocument<1024> arrayObj;
-
-std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp, bool shouldLog)
-{
-    // the created jsonObj is immutable after creation, so
-    // we need to do the heavy lifting before assembling it.
-    std::string msgType;
-    jsonObj.clear();
-    arrayObj.clear();
-
-    if (mp->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
-        switch (mp->decoded.portnum) {
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP: {
-            msgType = "text";
-            // convert bytes to string
-            if (shouldLog)
-                LOG_DEBUG("got text message of size %u", mp->decoded.payload.size);
-
-            char payloadStr[(mp->decoded.payload.size) + 1];
-            memcpy(payloadStr, mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size);
-            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0; // null terminated string
-            // check if this is a JSON payload
-            StaticJsonDocument<512> text_doc;
-            DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(text_doc, payloadStr);
-            if (error) {
-                // if it isn't, then we need to create a json object
-                // with the string as the value
-                if (shouldLog)
-                    LOG_INFO("text message payload is of type plaintext");
-                jsonObj["payload"]["text"] = payloadStr;
-            } else {
-                // if it is, then we can just use the json object
-                if (shouldLog)
-                    LOG_INFO("text message payload is of type json");
-                jsonObj["payload"] = text_doc;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP: {
-            msgType = "telemetry";
-            meshtastic_Telemetry scratch;
-            meshtastic_Telemetry *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Telemetry_msg, &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_device_metrics_tag) {
-                    // If battery is present, encode the battery level value
-                    // TODO - Add a condition to send a code for a non-present value
-                    if (decoded->variant.device_metrics.has_battery_level) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["battery_level"] = (int)decoded->variant.device_metrics.battery_level;
-                    }
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["voltage"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.voltage;
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["channel_utilization"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.channel_utilization;
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["air_util_tx"] = decoded->variant.device_metrics.air_util_tx;
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["uptime_seconds"] = (unsigned int)decoded->variant.device_metrics.uptime_seconds;
-                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_environment_metrics_tag) {
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["temperature"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.temperature;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["relative_humidity"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_barometric_pressure) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["barometric_pressure"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_gas_resistance) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["gas_resistance"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_voltage) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["voltage"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.voltage;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_current) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["current"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.current;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_lux) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.lux;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_white_lux) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["white_lux"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.white_lux;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_iaq) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["iaq"] = (uint)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.iaq;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_speed) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["wind_speed"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_direction) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["wind_direction"] = (uint)decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_gust) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["wind_gust"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_lull) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["wind_lull"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.environment_metrics.has_radiation) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["radiation"] = decoded->variant.environment_metrics.radiation;
-                    }
-                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_air_quality_metrics_tag) {
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm10_standard) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["pm10"] = (unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm10_standard;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm25_standard) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["pm25"] = (unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm25_standard;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_pm100_standard) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["pm100"] = (unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.pm100_standard;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["co2"] = (unsigned int)decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2_temperature) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["co2_temperature"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_temperature;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_co2_humidity) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["co2_humidity"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.co2_humidity;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_formaldehyde) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["form_formaldehyde"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_formaldehyde;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_temperature) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["form_temperature"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_temperature;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.has_form_humidity) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["form_humidity"] = decoded->variant.air_quality_metrics.form_humidity;
-                    }
-                } else if (decoded->which_variant == meshtastic_Telemetry_power_metrics_tag) {
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch1_voltage) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["voltage_ch1"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_voltage;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch1_current) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["current_ch1"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch1_current;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch2_voltage) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["voltage_ch2"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_voltage;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch2_current) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["current_ch2"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch2_current;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_voltage) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["voltage_ch3"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_voltage;
-                    }
-                    if (decoded->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_current) {
-                        jsonObj["payload"]["current_ch3"] = decoded->variant.power_metrics.ch3_current;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for telemetry message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_NODEINFO_APP: {
-            msgType = "nodeinfo";
-            meshtastic_User scratch;
-            meshtastic_User *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_User_msg, &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["id"] = decoded->id;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["longname"] = decoded->long_name;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["shortname"] = decoded->short_name;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["hardware"] = decoded->hw_model;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["role"] = (int)decoded->role;
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for nodeinfo message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP: {
-            msgType = "position";
-            meshtastic_Position scratch;
-            meshtastic_Position *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Position_msg, &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                if ((int)decoded->time) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["time"] = (unsigned int)decoded->time;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->timestamp) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["timestamp"] = (unsigned int)decoded->timestamp;
-                }
-                jsonObj["payload"]["latitude_i"] = (int)decoded->latitude_i;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["longitude_i"] = (int)decoded->longitude_i;
-                if ((int)decoded->altitude) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["altitude"] = (int)decoded->altitude;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->ground_speed) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["ground_speed"] = (unsigned int)decoded->ground_speed;
-                }
-                if (int(decoded->ground_track)) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["ground_track"] = (unsigned int)decoded->ground_track;
-                }
-                if (int(decoded->sats_in_view)) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["sats_in_view"] = (unsigned int)decoded->sats_in_view;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->PDOP) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["PDOP"] = (int)decoded->PDOP;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->HDOP) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["HDOP"] = (int)decoded->HDOP;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->VDOP) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["VDOP"] = (int)decoded->VDOP;
-                }
-                if ((int)decoded->precision_bits) {
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["precision_bits"] = (int)decoded->precision_bits;
-                }
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for position message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_WAYPOINT_APP: {
-            msgType = "position";
-            meshtastic_Waypoint scratch;
-            meshtastic_Waypoint *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_Waypoint_msg, &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["id"] = (unsigned int)decoded->id;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["name"] = decoded->name;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["description"] = decoded->description;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["expire"] = (unsigned int)decoded->expire;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["locked_to"] = (unsigned int)decoded->locked_to;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["latitude_i"] = (int)decoded->latitude_i;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["longitude_i"] = (int)decoded->longitude_i;
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for position message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_NEIGHBORINFO_APP: {
-            msgType = "neighborinfo";
-            meshtastic_NeighborInfo scratch;
-            meshtastic_NeighborInfo *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_NeighborInfo_msg,
-                                     &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["node_id"] = (unsigned int)decoded->node_id;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["node_broadcast_interval_secs"] = (unsigned int)decoded->node_broadcast_interval_secs;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["last_sent_by_id"] = (unsigned int)decoded->last_sent_by_id;
-                jsonObj["payload"]["neighbors_count"] = decoded->neighbors_count;
-
-                JsonObject neighbors_obj = arrayObj.to<JsonObject>();
-                JsonArray neighbors = neighbors_obj.createNestedArray("neighbors");
-                JsonObject neighbors_0 = neighbors.createNestedObject();
-
-                for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->neighbors_count; i++) {
-                    neighbors_0["node_id"] = (unsigned int)decoded->neighbors[i].node_id;
-                    neighbors_0["snr"] = (int)decoded->neighbors[i].snr;
-                    neighbors[i + 1] = neighbors_0;
-                    neighbors_0.clear();
-                }
-                neighbors.remove(0);
-                jsonObj["payload"]["neighbors"] = neighbors;
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for neighborinfo message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_TRACEROUTE_APP: {
-            if (mp->decoded.request_id) { // Only report the traceroute response
-                msgType = "traceroute";
-                meshtastic_RouteDiscovery scratch;
-                meshtastic_RouteDiscovery *decoded = NULL;
-                memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-                if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_RouteDiscovery_msg,
-                                         &scratch)) {
-                    decoded = &scratch;
-                    JsonArray route = arrayObj.createNestedArray("route");
-
-                    auto addToRoute = [](JsonArray *route, NodeNum num) {
-                        char long_name[40] = "Unknown";
-                        meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(num);
-                        bool name_known = node ? node->has_user : false;
-                        if (name_known)
-                            memcpy(long_name, node->user.long_name, sizeof(long_name));
-                        route->add(long_name);
-                    };
-
-                    addToRoute(&route, mp->to); // route.add(mp->to);
-                    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < decoded->route_count; i++) {
-                        addToRoute(&route, decoded->route[i]); // route.add(decoded->route[i]);
-                    }
-                    addToRoute(&route,
-                               mp->from); // route.add(mp->from); // Ended at the original destination (source of response)
-
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["route"] = route;
-                } else if (shouldLog) {
-                    LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for traceroute message!");
-                    return "";
-                }
-            } else {
-                LOG_WARN("Traceroute response not reported");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_DETECTION_SENSOR_APP: {
-            msgType = "detection";
-            char payloadStr[(mp->decoded.payload.size) + 1];
-            memcpy(payloadStr, mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size);
-            payloadStr[mp->decoded.payload.size] = 0; // null terminated string
-            jsonObj["payload"]["text"] = payloadStr;
-            break;
-        }
-        case meshtastic_PortNum_REMOTE_HARDWARE_APP: {
-            meshtastic_HardwareMessage scratch;
-            meshtastic_HardwareMessage *decoded = NULL;
-            memset(&scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
-            if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp->decoded.payload.bytes, mp->decoded.payload.size, &meshtastic_HardwareMessage_msg,
-                                     &scratch)) {
-                decoded = &scratch;
-                if (decoded->type == meshtastic_HardwareMessage_Type_GPIOS_CHANGED) {
-                    msgType = "gpios_changed";
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["gpio_value"] = (unsigned int)decoded->gpio_value;
-                } else if (decoded->type == meshtastic_HardwareMessage_Type_READ_GPIOS_REPLY) {
-                    msgType = "gpios_read_reply";
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["gpio_value"] = (unsigned int)decoded->gpio_value;
-                    jsonObj["payload"]["gpio_mask"] = (unsigned int)decoded->gpio_mask;
-                }
-            } else if (shouldLog) {
-                LOG_ERROR("Error decoding proto for RemoteHardware message!");
-                return "";
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        // add more packet types here if needed
-        default:
-            LOG_WARN("Unsupported packet type %d", mp->decoded.portnum);
-            return "";
-            break;
-        }
-    } else if (shouldLog) {
-        LOG_WARN("Couldn't convert encrypted payload of MeshPacket to JSON");
-        return "";
-    }
-
-    jsonObj["id"] = (unsigned int)mp->id;
-    jsonObj["timestamp"] = (unsigned int)mp->rx_time;
-    jsonObj["to"] = (unsigned int)mp->to;
-    jsonObj["from"] = (unsigned int)mp->from;
-    jsonObj["channel"] = (unsigned int)mp->channel;
-    jsonObj["type"] = msgType.c_str();
-    jsonObj["sender"] = nodeDB->getNodeId().c_str();
-    if (mp->rx_rssi != 0)
-        jsonObj["rssi"] = (int)mp->rx_rssi;
-    if (mp->rx_snr != 0)
-        jsonObj["snr"] = (float)mp->rx_snr;
-    const int8_t hopsAway = getHopsAway(*mp);
-    if (hopsAway >= 0) {
-        jsonObj["hops_away"] = (unsigned int)(hopsAway);
-        jsonObj["hop_start"] = (unsigned int)(mp->hop_start);
-    }
-
-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-
-    // Serial.printf("serialized json message: \r");
-    // serializeJson(jsonObj, Serial);
-    // Serial.println("");
-
-    std::string jsonStr = "";
-    serializeJson(jsonObj, jsonStr);
-
-    if (shouldLog)
-        LOG_INFO("serialized json message: %s", jsonStr.c_str());
-
-    return jsonStr;
-}
-
-std::string MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerializeEncrypted(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp)
-{
-    jsonObj.clear();
-    jsonObj["id"] = (unsigned int)mp->id;
-    jsonObj["time_ms"] = (double)millis();
-    jsonObj["timestamp"] = (unsigned int)mp->rx_time;
-    jsonObj["to"] = (unsigned int)mp->to;
-    jsonObj["from"] = (unsigned int)mp->from;
-    jsonObj["channel"] = (unsigned int)mp->channel;
-    jsonObj["want_ack"] = mp->want_ack;
-
-    if (mp->rx_rssi != 0)
-        jsonObj["rssi"] = (int)mp->rx_rssi;
-    if (mp->rx_snr != 0)
-        jsonObj["snr"] = (float)mp->rx_snr;
-    const int8_t hopsAway = getHopsAway(*mp);
-    if (hopsAway >= 0) {
-        jsonObj["hops_away"] = (unsigned int)(hopsAway);
-        jsonObj["hop_start"] = (unsigned int)(mp->hop_start);
-    }
-    jsonObj["size"] = (unsigned int)mp->encrypted.size;
-    auto encryptedStr = bytesToHex(mp->encrypted.bytes, mp->encrypted.size);
-    jsonObj["bytes"] = encryptedStr.c_str();
-
-    // serialize and write it to the stream
-    std::string jsonStr = "";
-    serializeJson(jsonObj, jsonStr);
-
-    return jsonStr;
-}
-#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for the radio configuration validation and clamping functions
+ * introduced in the radio_interface_cherrypick branch.
+ *
+ * Targets:
+ *  1. getRegion()
+ *  2. RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion()
+ *  3. RadioInterface::validateConfigLora()
+ *  4. RadioInterface::clampConfigLora()
+ *  5. RegionInfo preset lists (PRESETS_STD, PRESETS_EU_868, PRESETS_UNDEF)
+ *  6. Channel spacing calculation (placeholder for future protobuf changes)
+ */
+
+#include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "MeshService.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "RadioInterface.h"
+#include "TestUtil.h"
+#include "modules/AdminModule.h"
+#include <unity.h>
+
+#include "meshtastic/config.pb.h"
+
+class MockMeshService : public MeshService
+{
+  public:
+    void sendClientNotification(meshtastic_ClientNotification *n) override { releaseClientNotificationToPool(n); }
+};
+
+static MockMeshService *mockMeshService;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// getRegion() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+extern const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code);
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_US()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("US", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_EU868()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("EU_868", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_LORA24()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->wideLora);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_unsetCodeReturnsUnsetEntry()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("UNSET", r->name);
+}
+
+static void test_getRegion_unknownCodeFallsToUnset()
+{
+    // A code not in the table should iterate to the UNSET sentinel
+    const RegionInfo *r = getRegion((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)255);
+    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// validateConfigRegion() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_validateConfigRegion_validRegionReturnsTrue()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+
+    // Ensure owner is not licensed (should not matter for non-licensed-only regions)
+    devicestate.owner.is_licensed = false;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigRegion_unsetRegionReturnsTrue()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+
+    devicestate.owner.is_licensed = false;
+
+    // UNSET region has licensedOnly=false, so should pass
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(cfg));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shadow tables for testing (preset lists → profiles → regions → lookup)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A minimal preset list with only one entry
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_SINGLE[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// A preset list that includes all turbo variants only
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_TURBO_ONLY[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// A restricted list simulating a hypothetical tight-regulation region
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset TEST_PRESETS_RESTRICTED[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE,
+    MODEM_PRESET_END,
+};
+
+// Mirrors PROFILE_STD but with non-zero spacing/padding for testing
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_SPACED = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_SINGLE,
+    /* spacing */ 0.025f,
+    /* padding */ 0.010f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ true,
+    /* licensedOnly */ false,
+    /* textThrottle */ 0,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 0,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 0,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 0,
+};
+
+// A licensed-only profile for testing access control
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_LICENSED = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_RESTRICTED,
+    /* spacing */ 0.0f,
+    /* padding */ 0.0f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ false,
+    /* licensedOnly */ true,
+    /* textThrottle */ 5,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 10,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 10,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 3,
+};
+
+// Turbo-only profile
+static const RegionProfile TEST_PROFILE_TURBO = {
+    TEST_PRESETS_TURBO_ONLY,
+    /* spacing */ 0.0f,
+    /* padding */ 0.0f,
+    /* audioPermitted */ true,
+    /* licensedOnly */ false,
+    /* textThrottle */ 0,
+    /* positionThrottle */ 0,
+    /* telemetryThrottle */ 0,
+    /* overrideSlot */ 0,
+};
+
+static const RegionInfo testRegions[] = {
+    // A wide US-like region with spacing + padding
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_SPACED, "TEST_US_SPACED"},
+
+    // A narrow band simulating tight EU regulation
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 14, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_LICENSED,
+     "TEST_EU_LICENSED"},
+
+    // A wide-LoRa region with turbo-only presets
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, &TEST_PROFILE_TURBO,
+     "TEST_LORA24_TURBO"},
+
+    // Sentinel — must be last
+    {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, &TEST_PROFILE_SPACED, "TEST_UNSET"},
+};
+
+static const RegionInfo *getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = testRegions;
+    while (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+        if (r->code == code)
+            return r;
+        r++;
+    }
+    return r; // Returns the UNSET sentinel
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shadow table tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_shadowTable_spacedProfileHasNonZeroSpacing()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST_US_SPACED", r->name);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.025f, r->profile->spacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.010f, r->profile->padding);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_licensedProfileFlagsCorrect()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->profile->licensedOnly);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(r->profile->audioPermitted);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(3, r->profile->overrideSlot);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_presetCountMatchesExpected()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *spaced = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(1, spaced->getNumPresets());
+
+    const RegionInfo *licensed = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(2, licensed->getNumPresets());
+
+    const RegionInfo *turbo = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(2, turbo->getNumPresets());
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_defaultPresetIsFirstInList()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *spaced = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, spaced->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    const RegionInfo *licensed = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW, licensed->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    const RegionInfo *turbo = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO, turbo->getDefaultPreset());
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_channelSpacingWithPadding()
+{
+    // Verify channel count when spacing + padding are non-zero
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(r->getDefaultPreset(), r->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = r->profile->spacing + (r->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+
+    // spacing=0.025, padding=0.010*2=0.020, bw=250kHz=0.250
+    // channelSpacing = 0.025 + 0.020 + 0.250 = 0.295 MHz
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.295f, channelSpacing);
+
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((r->freqEnd - r->freqStart + r->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+    // (928 - 902 + 0.025) / 0.295 = 88.2 → 88
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(88, numChannels);
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_turboOnlyOnWideLora()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(r->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO, r->getDefaultPreset());
+
+    // Verify wide-LoRa bandwidth for SHORT_TURBO
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(r->getDefaultPreset(), r->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.1f, 1625.0f, bw); // 1625 kHz in wide mode
+}
+
+static void test_shadowTable_unknownCodeFallsToSentinel()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *r = getTestRegion((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)200);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET, r->code);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST_UNSET", r->name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// validateConfigLora() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPresetForUS()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_allStdPresetsValidForUS()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset stdPresets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(stdPresets) / sizeof(stdPresets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = stdPresets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for US");
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_turboPresetsInvalidForEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 has PRESETS_EU_868 which excludes SHORT_TURBO and LONG_TURBO
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "SHORT_TURBO should be invalid for EU_868");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "LONG_TURBO should be invalid for EU_868");
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPresetsForEU868()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset eu868Presets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(eu868Presets) / sizeof(eu868Presets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = eu868Presets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for EU_868");
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthTooWideForEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 spans 869.4 - 869.65 = 0.25 MHz = 250 kHz
+    // A 500 kHz custom BW should be rejected
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 500;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsUS()
+{
+    // US spans 902 - 928 = 26 MHz, so 250 kHz BW fits easily
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 250;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsEU868()
+{
+    // EU_868 spans 250 kHz, 125 kHz BW should fit
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 125;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 12;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 8;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_bogusPresetRejected()
+{
+    // A fabricated preset value not in any list should be rejected
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_unsetRegionOnlyAcceptsLongFast()
+{
+    // UNSET uses PROFILE_UNDEF which has only LONG_FAST
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "LONG_FAST should be valid for UNSET");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "MEDIUM_FAST should be invalid for UNSET");
+
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "SHORT_TURBO should be invalid for UNSET");
+}
+
+static void test_validateConfigLora_allPresetsValidForLORA24()
+{
+    // LORA_24 uses PROFILE_STD (9 presets) with wideLora=true
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset stdPresets[] = {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(stdPresets) / sizeof(stdPresets[0]); i++) {
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+        cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
+        cfg.use_preset = true;
+        cfg.modem_preset = stdPresets[i];
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg), "Expected valid preset for LORA_24");
+    }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// clampConfigLora() tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO; // not in EU_868 preset list
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_customBwTooWideClampedToDefaultBw()
+{
+    // EU_868 span is 250kHz. A 500kHz custom BW should be clamped to default preset BW.
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 500;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 11;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 5;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    float expectedBw = modemPresetToBwKHz(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), eu868->wideLora);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, expectedBw, (float)cfg.bandwidth);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_customBwValidLeftUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.use_preset = false;
+    cfg.bandwidth = 125;
+    cfg.spread_factor = 12;
+    cfg.coding_rate = 8;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(125, cfg.bandwidth);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_bogusPresetOnUnsetClampedToLongFast()
+{
+    // UNSET uses PROFILE_UNDEF with only LONG_FAST; any other preset should clamp to it
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetOnLORA24ClampedToDefault()
+{
+    // LORA_24 uses PROFILE_STD; a bogus preset should clamp to LONG_FAST (first in PRESETS_STD)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.modem_preset = (meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset)99;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    const RegionInfo *lora24 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(lora24->getDefaultPreset(), cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RegionInfo preset list integrity tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_presetsStd_hasNineEntries()
+{
+    // PROFILE_STD should have exactly 9 presets
+    const RegionInfo *us = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(9, us->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_STD.presets, us->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_presetsEU868_hasSevenEntries()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *eu = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(7, eu->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_EU868.presets, eu->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_presetsUndef_hasOneEntry()
+{
+    const RegionInfo *unset = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(1, unset->getNumPresets());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(PROFILE_UNDEF.presets, unset->getAvailablePresets());
+}
+
+static void test_defaultPresetIsInAvailablePresets()
+{
+    // For every region, the defaultPreset must appear in its own availablePresets list
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        bool found = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < r->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (r->getAvailablePresets()[i] == r->getDefaultPreset()) {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        char msg[80];
+        snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s defaultPreset not in availablePresets", r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(found, msg);
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break; // UNSET is the sentinel, stop after it
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_regionFieldsAreSane()
+{
+    // Basic sanity check: all regions have freqEnd > freqStart and a non-null name
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        char msg[80];
+        snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s: freqEnd must be > freqStart", r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->freqEnd > r->freqStart, msg);
+        TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r->name);
+        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->getNumPresets() > 0, "numPresets must be > 0");
+        TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(r->getAvailablePresets());
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break;
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_onlyLORA24HasWideLora()
+{
+    // Verify that LORA_24 is the only region with wideLora=true
+    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
+    while (true) {
+        char msg[80];
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) {
+            snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s should have wideLora=true", r->name);
+            TEST_ASSERT_TRUE_MESSAGE(r->wideLora, msg);
+        } else {
+            snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Region %s should have wideLora=false", r->name);
+            TEST_ASSERT_FALSE_MESSAGE(r->wideLora, msg);
+        }
+
+        if (r->code == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET)
+            break;
+        r++;
+    }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Channel spacing calculation (placeholder for future protobuf updates)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_US_LONG_FAST()
+{
+    // Current formula: channelSpacing = spacing + (padding * 2) + (bw / 1000)
+    // US: spacing=0, padding=0
+    // LONG_FAST on non-wide region: bw=250 kHz
+    // channelSpacing = 0 + 0 + 0.250 = 0.250 MHz
+    // numChannels = round((928 - 902 + 0) / 0.250) = round(104) = 104
+    const RegionInfo *us = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, us->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = us->profile->spacing + (us->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((us->freqEnd - us->freqStart + us->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.250f, channelSpacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(104, numChannels);
+}
+
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_EU868_LONG_FAST()
+{
+    // EU_868: freqStart=869.4, freqEnd=869.65, spacing=0, padding=0
+    // LONG_FAST: bw=250 kHz => channelSpacing = 0.250 MHz
+    // numChannels = round((0.25 + 0) / 0.250) = 1
+    const RegionInfo *eu = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    float bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, eu->wideLora);
+    float channelSpacing = eu->profile->spacing + (eu->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000.0f);
+    uint32_t numChannels = (uint32_t)(((eu->freqEnd - eu->freqStart + eu->profile->spacing) / channelSpacing) + 0.5f);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.001f, 0.250f, channelSpacing);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(1, numChannels);
+}
+
+// Placeholder: when protobuf region definitions include non-zero padding/spacing,
+// add tests here to verify the channel count and frequency calculations.
+static void test_channelSpacingCalculation_placeholder()
+{
+    // TODO: Once protobuf RegionInfo entries have non-zero padding or spacing values,
+    // verify:
+    //  - Channel count matches expected value for each (region, preset) pair
+    //  - First channel frequency = freqStart + (bw/2000) + padding
+    //  - Nth channel frequency = first + (n * channelSpacing)
+    //  - overrideSlot, when non-zero, forces the channel_num
+    TEST_PASS_MESSAGE("Placeholder for future channel spacing tests with updated protobuf region fields");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// handleSetConfig fromOthers dispatch tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class AdminModuleTestShim : public AdminModule
+{
+  public:
+    using AdminModule::handleSetConfig;
+};
+
+static AdminModuleTestShim *testAdmin;
+
+static meshtastic_Config makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region, bool usePreset,
+                                           meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset preset)
+{
+    meshtastic_Config c = meshtastic_Config_init_zero;
+    c.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_Config_lora_tag;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.region = region;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.use_preset = usePreset;
+    c.payload_variant.lora.modem_preset = preset;
+    return c;
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_invalidPresetRejected()
+{
+    // Set up a known-good baseline in the global config
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with an invalid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, true); // fromOthers = true
+
+    // fromOthers=true: invalid preset should be rejected, old preset preserved
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromLocal_invalidPresetClamped()
+{
+    // Set up a known-good baseline
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with an invalid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, false); // fromOthers = false (local client)
+
+    // fromOthers=false: invalid preset should be clamped to the region's default
+    const RegionInfo *eu868 = getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(eu868->getDefaultPreset(), config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_validPresetAccepted()
+{
+    // Set up baseline
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    initRegion();
+
+    // Build an admin set_config with a valid preset for EU_868
+    meshtastic_Config c = makeLoraSetConfig(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868, true,
+                                            meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST);
+
+    testAdmin->handleSetConfig(c, true); // fromOthers = true
+
+    // Valid preset should be accepted regardless of fromOthers
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, config.lora.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Test runner
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void setUp(void)
+{
+    mockMeshService = new MockMeshService();
+    service = mockMeshService;
+    testAdmin = new AdminModuleTestShim();
+}
+void tearDown(void)
+{
+    service = nullptr;
+    delete mockMeshService;
+    mockMeshService = nullptr;
+    delete testAdmin;
+    testAdmin = nullptr;
+}
+
+void setup()
+{
+    delay(10);
+    delay(2000);
+
+    initializeTestEnvironment();
+
+    UNITY_BEGIN();
+
+    // getRegion()
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_US);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_EU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_returnsCorrectRegion_LORA24);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_unsetCodeReturnsUnsetEntry);
+    RUN_TEST(test_getRegion_unknownCodeFallsToUnset);
+
+    // validateConfigRegion()
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigRegion_validRegionReturnsTrue);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigRegion_unsetRegionReturnsTrue);
+
+    // Shadow table tests
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_spacedProfileHasNonZeroSpacing);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_licensedProfileFlagsCorrect);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_presetCountMatchesExpected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_defaultPresetIsFirstInList);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_channelSpacingWithPadding);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_turboOnlyOnWideLora);
+    RUN_TEST(test_shadowTable_unknownCodeFallsToSentinel);
+
+    // validateConfigLora()
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPresetForUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_allStdPresetsValidForUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_turboPresetsInvalidForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPresetsForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthTooWideForEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsUS);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_customBandwidthFitsEU868);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_bogusPresetRejected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_unsetRegionOnlyAcceptsLongFast);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_allPresetsValidForLORA24);
+
+    // clampConfigLora()
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_customBwTooWideClampedToDefaultBw);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_customBwValidLeftUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_bogusPresetOnUnsetClampedToLongFast);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetOnLORA24ClampedToDefault);
+
+    // RegionInfo preset list integrity
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsStd_hasNineEntries);
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsEU868_hasSevenEntries);
+    RUN_TEST(test_presetsUndef_hasOneEntry);
+    RUN_TEST(test_defaultPresetIsInAvailablePresets);
+    RUN_TEST(test_regionFieldsAreSane);
+    RUN_TEST(test_onlyLORA24HasWideLora);
+
+    // Channel spacing (current + placeholder)
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_US_LONG_FAST);
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_EU868_LONG_FAST);
+    RUN_TEST(test_channelSpacingCalculation_placeholder);
+
+    // handleSetConfig fromOthers dispatch
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_invalidPresetRejected);
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromLocal_invalidPresetClamped);
+    RUN_TEST(test_handleSetConfig_fromOthers_validPresetAccepted);
+
+    exit(UNITY_END());
+}
+
+void loop() {}
@@ -1,42 +1,31 @@
 #include "../test_helpers.h"

-// Helper function for all encrypted packet assertions
-void assert_encrypted_packet(const std::string &json, meshtastic_MeshPacket packet)
+static void assert_encrypted_packet(const std::string &json, const meshtastic_MeshPacket &packet)
 {
-    // Parse and validate JSON
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("from"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.from, root["from"].asUInt());

-    // Assert basic packet fields
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("from") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.from, (uint32_t)jsonObj.at("from")->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("to"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.to, root["to"].asUInt());

-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("to") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.to, (uint32_t)jsonObj.at("to")->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("id"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.id, root["id"].asUInt());

-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("id") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.id, (uint32_t)jsonObj.at("id")->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("bytes"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["bytes"].isString());

-    // Assert encrypted data fields
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("bytes") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.at("bytes")->IsString());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("size"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.encrypted.size, (int)root["size"].asInt());

-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("size") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.encrypted.size, (int)jsonObj.at("size")->AsNumber());
-
-    // Assert hex encoding
-    std::string encrypted_hex = jsonObj["bytes"]->AsString();
+    std::string encrypted_hex = root["bytes"].asString();
    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(packet.encrypted.size * 2, encrypted_hex.length());
-
-    delete root;
 }

-// Test encrypted packet serialization
 void test_encrypted_packet_serialization()
 {
    const char *data = "encrypted_payload_data";
@@ -48,7 +37,6 @@ void test_encrypted_packet_serialization()
    assert_encrypted_packet(json, packet);
 }

-// Test empty encrypted packet
 void test_empty_encrypted_packet()
 {
    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet =
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ static size_t encode_user_info(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Test NODEINFO_APP port
 void test_nodeinfo_serialization()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
@@ -24,28 +23,20 @@ void test_nodeinfo_serialization()
    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("type"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("nodeinfo", root["type"].asString().c_str());

-    // Check message type
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("type") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("nodeinfo", jsonObj["type"]->AsString().c_str());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("payload"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["payload"].isObject());

-    // Check payload
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("shortname"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST", payload["shortname"].asString().c_str());

-    // Verify user data
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("shortname") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("TEST", payload["shortname"]->AsString().c_str());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("longname") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("Test User", payload["longname"]->AsString().c_str());
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("longname"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("Test User", payload["longname"].asString().c_str());
 }
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 static size_t encode_position(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 {
    meshtastic_Position position = meshtastic_Position_init_zero;
-    position.latitude_i = 374208000;    // 37.4208 degrees * 1e7
-    position.longitude_i = -1221981000; // -122.1981 degrees * 1e7
+    position.latitude_i = 374208000;
+    position.longitude_i = -1221981000;
    position.altitude = 123;
    position.time = 1609459200;
    position.has_altitude = true;
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ static size_t encode_position(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Test POSITION_APP port
 void test_position_serialization()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
@@ -27,31 +26,23 @@ void test_position_serialization()
    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("type"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("position", root["type"].asString().c_str());

-    // Check message type
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("type") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("position", jsonObj["type"]->AsString().c_str());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("payload"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["payload"].isObject());

-    // Check payload
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("latitude_i"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(374208000, payload["latitude_i"].asInt());

-    // Verify position data
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("latitude_i") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(374208000, (int)payload["latitude_i"]->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("longitude_i"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(-1221981000, payload["longitude_i"].asInt());

-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("longitude_i") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(-1221981000, (int)payload["longitude_i"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("altitude") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(123, (int)payload["altitude"]->AsNumber());
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("altitude"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(123, payload["altitude"].asInt());
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,62 @@
 #include "../test_helpers.h"

-// Helper function to create and encode device metrics
+static void fill_all_env_metrics(meshtastic_Telemetry &telemetry)
+{
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.temperature = 23.56f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = 65.43f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure = 1013.27f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_barometric_pressure = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance = 50.58f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_gas_resistance = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.iaq = 120;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_iaq = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.voltage = 3.34f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_voltage = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.current = 0.53f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_current = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.lux = 450.12f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_lux = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.white_lux = 380.95f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_white_lux = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.ir_lux = 25.37f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_ir_lux = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.uv_lux = 15.68f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_uv_lux = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.distance = 150.29f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_distance = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction = 180;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_direction = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed = 5.52f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_speed = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust = 8.24f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_gust = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull = 2.13f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_lull = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.weight = 75.56f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_weight = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.radiation = 0.13f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_radiation = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_1h = 2.57f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_1h = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_24h = 15.89f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_24h = true;
+
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_moisture = 85;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_moisture = true;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_temperature = 18.54f;
+    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_temperature = true;
+}
+
 static size_t encode_telemetry_device_metrics(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 {
    meshtastic_Telemetry telemetry = meshtastic_Telemetry_init_zero;
@@ -22,507 +78,233 @@ static size_t encode_telemetry_device_metrics(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_siz
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Helper function to create and encode empty environment metrics (no fields set)
 static size_t encode_telemetry_environment_metrics_empty(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 {
    meshtastic_Telemetry telemetry = meshtastic_Telemetry_init_zero;
    telemetry.time = 1609459200;
    telemetry.which_variant = meshtastic_Telemetry_environment_metrics_tag;

-    // NO fields are set - all has_* flags remain false
-    // This tests that empty environment metrics don't produce any JSON fields
-
    pb_ostream_t stream = pb_ostream_from_buffer(buffer, buffer_size);
    pb_encode(&stream, &meshtastic_Telemetry_msg, &telemetry);
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Helper function to create environment metrics with ALL possible fields set
-// This function should be updated whenever new fields are added to the protobuf
-static size_t encode_telemetry_environment_metrics_all_fields(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
-{
-    meshtastic_Telemetry telemetry = meshtastic_Telemetry_init_zero;
-    telemetry.time = 1609459200;
-    telemetry.which_variant = meshtastic_Telemetry_environment_metrics_tag;
-
-    // Basic environment metrics
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.temperature = 23.56f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = 65.43f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure = 1013.27f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_barometric_pressure = true;
-
-    // Gas and air quality
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance = 50.58f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_gas_resistance = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.iaq = 120;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_iaq = true;
-
-    // Power measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.voltage = 3.34f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_voltage = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.current = 0.53f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_current = true;
-
-    // Light measurements (ALL 4 types)
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.lux = 450.12f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.white_lux = 380.95f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_white_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.ir_lux = 25.37f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_ir_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.uv_lux = 15.68f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_uv_lux = true;
-
-    // Distance measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.distance = 150.29f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_distance = true;
-
-    // Wind measurements (ALL 4 types)
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction = 180;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_direction = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed = 5.52f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_speed = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust = 8.24f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_gust = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull = 2.13f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_lull = true;
-
-    // Weight measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.weight = 75.56f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_weight = true;
-
-    // Radiation measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.radiation = 0.13f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_radiation = true;
-
-    // Rainfall measurements (BOTH types)
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_1h = 2.57f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_1h = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_24h = 15.89f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_24h = true;
-
-    // Soil measurements (BOTH types)
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_moisture = 85;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_moisture = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_temperature = 18.54f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_temperature = true;
-
-    // IMPORTANT: When new environment fields are added to the protobuf,
-    // they MUST be added here too, or the coverage test will fail!
-
-    pb_ostream_t stream = pb_ostream_from_buffer(buffer, buffer_size);
-    pb_encode(&stream, &meshtastic_Telemetry_msg, &telemetry);
-    return stream.bytes_written;
-}
-
-// Helper function to create and encode environment metrics with all current fields
 static size_t encode_telemetry_environment_metrics(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 {
    meshtastic_Telemetry telemetry = meshtastic_Telemetry_init_zero;
    telemetry.time = 1609459200;
    telemetry.which_variant = meshtastic_Telemetry_environment_metrics_tag;
-
-    // Basic environment metrics
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.temperature = 23.56f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = 65.43f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.barometric_pressure = 1013.27f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_barometric_pressure = true;
-
-    // Gas and air quality
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.gas_resistance = 50.58f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_gas_resistance = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.iaq = 120;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_iaq = true;
-
-    // Power measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.voltage = 3.34f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_voltage = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.current = 0.53f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_current = true;
-
-    // Light measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.lux = 450.12f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.white_lux = 380.95f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_white_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.ir_lux = 25.37f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_ir_lux = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.uv_lux = 15.68f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_uv_lux = true;
-
-    // Distance measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.distance = 150.29f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_distance = true;
-
-    // Wind measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_direction = 180;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_direction = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_speed = 5.52f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_speed = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_gust = 8.24f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_gust = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.wind_lull = 2.13f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_wind_lull = true;
-
-    // Weight measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.weight = 75.56f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_weight = true;
-
-    // Radiation measurement
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.radiation = 0.13f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_radiation = true;
-
-    // Rainfall measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_1h = 2.57f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_1h = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.rainfall_24h = 15.89f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_rainfall_24h = true;
-
-    // Soil measurements
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_moisture = 85;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_moisture = true;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.soil_temperature = 18.54f;
-    telemetry.variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_temperature = true;
+    fill_all_env_metrics(telemetry);

    pb_ostream_t stream = pb_ostream_from_buffer(buffer, buffer_size);
    pb_encode(&stream, &meshtastic_Telemetry_msg, &telemetry);
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Test TELEMETRY_APP port with device metrics
+static Json::Value serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum port, const uint8_t *buffer, size_t payload_size)
+{
+    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(port, buffer, payload_size);
+    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
+
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("payload"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["payload"].isObject());
+    return root;
+}
+
 void test_telemetry_device_metrics_serialization()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_device_metrics(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("type"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("telemetry", root["type"].asString().c_str());

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("battery_level"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, payload["battery_level"].asInt());

-    // Check message type
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("type") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("telemetry", jsonObj["type"]->AsString().c_str());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("voltage"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 3.72f, payload["voltage"].asFloat());

-    // Check payload
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("channel_utilization"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.56f, payload["channel_utilization"].asFloat());

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
-
-    // Verify telemetry data
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("battery_level") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, (int)payload["battery_level"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("voltage") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 3.72f, payload["voltage"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("channel_utilization") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.56f, payload["channel_utilization"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("uptime_seconds") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(12345, (int)payload["uptime_seconds"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Note: JSON serialization may not preserve exact 2-decimal formatting due to float precision
-    // We verify the numeric values are correct within tolerance
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("uptime_seconds"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(12345, payload["uptime_seconds"].asInt());
 }

-// Test that telemetry environment metrics are properly serialized
 void test_telemetry_environment_metrics_serialization()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 23.56f, payload["temperature"].asFloat());

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("relative_humidity"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 65.43f, payload["relative_humidity"].asFloat());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
-
-    // Check payload exists
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
-
-    // Test key fields that should be present in the serializer
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("temperature") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 23.56f, payload["temperature"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("relative_humidity") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 65.43f, payload["relative_humidity"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("distance") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 150.29f, payload["distance"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Note: JSON serialization may have float precision limitations
-    // We focus on verifying numeric accuracy rather than exact string formatting
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("distance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 150.29f, payload["distance"].asFloat());
 }

-// Test comprehensive environment metrics coverage
 void test_telemetry_environment_metrics_comprehensive()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
-
-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
-
-    // Check payload exists
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
-
-    // Check all 15 originally supported fields
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("temperature") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("relative_humidity") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("barometric_pressure") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("gas_resistance") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("voltage") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("current") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("iaq") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("distance") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("white_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_direction") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_speed") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_gust") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_lull") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("radiation") != payload.end());
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("relative_humidity"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("barometric_pressure"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("gas_resistance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("voltage"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("current"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("iaq"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("distance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("white_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_direction"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_speed"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_gust"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_lull"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("radiation"));
 }

-// Test for the 7 environment fields that were added to complete coverage
 void test_telemetry_environment_metrics_missing_fields()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("ir_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 25.37f, payload["ir_lux"].asFloat());

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("uv_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.68f, payload["uv_lux"].asFloat());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("weight"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 75.56f, payload["weight"].asFloat());

-    // Check payload exists
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("rainfall_1h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.57f, payload["rainfall_1h"].asFloat());

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("rainfall_24h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.89f, payload["rainfall_24h"].asFloat());

-    // Check the 7 fields that were previously missing
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("ir_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 25.37f, payload["ir_lux"]->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("soil_moisture"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, payload["soil_moisture"].asInt());

-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("uv_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.68f, payload["uv_lux"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("weight") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 75.56f, payload["weight"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_1h") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.57f, payload["rainfall_1h"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_24h") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.89f, payload["rainfall_24h"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_moisture") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, (int)payload["soil_moisture"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_temperature") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 18.54f, payload["soil_temperature"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Note: JSON float serialization may not preserve exact decimal formatting
-    // We verify the values are numerically correct within tolerance
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("soil_temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 18.54f, payload["soil_temperature"].asFloat());
 }

-// Test that ALL environment fields are serialized (canary test for forgotten fields)
-// This test will FAIL if a new environment field is added to the protobuf but not to the serializer
+// Canary test: if a new env field is added to the protobuf but not to the serializer
+// (or to fill_all_env_metrics), this test will fail.
 void test_telemetry_environment_metrics_complete_coverage()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
-    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics_all_fields(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 23.56f, payload["temperature"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("relative_humidity"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 65.43f, payload["relative_humidity"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("barometric_pressure"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 1013.27f, payload["barometric_pressure"].asFloat());

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("gas_resistance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 50.58f, payload["gas_resistance"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("iaq"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(120, payload["iaq"].asInt());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("voltage"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 3.34f, payload["voltage"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("current"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 0.53f, payload["current"].asFloat());

-    // Check payload exists
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 450.12f, payload["lux"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("white_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 380.95f, payload["white_lux"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("ir_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 25.37f, payload["ir_lux"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("uv_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.68f, payload["uv_lux"].asFloat());

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("distance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 150.29f, payload["distance"].asFloat());

-    // ✅ ALL 22 environment fields MUST be present and correct
-    // If this test fails, it means either:
-    // 1. A new field was added to the protobuf but not to the serializer
-    // 2. The encode_telemetry_environment_metrics_all_fields() function wasn't updated
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_direction"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(180, payload["wind_direction"].asInt());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_speed"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 5.52f, payload["wind_speed"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_gust"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 8.24f, payload["wind_gust"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("wind_lull"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.13f, payload["wind_lull"].asFloat());

-    // Basic environment (3 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("temperature") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 23.56f, payload["temperature"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("relative_humidity") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 65.43f, payload["relative_humidity"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("barometric_pressure") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 1013.27f, payload["barometric_pressure"]->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("weight"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 75.56f, payload["weight"].asFloat());

-    // Gas and air quality (2 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("gas_resistance") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 50.58f, payload["gas_resistance"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("iaq") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(120, (int)payload["iaq"]->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("radiation"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 0.13f, payload["radiation"].asFloat());

-    // Power measurements (2 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("voltage") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 3.34f, payload["voltage"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("current") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 0.53f, payload["current"]->AsNumber());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("rainfall_1h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.57f, payload["rainfall_1h"].asFloat());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("rainfall_24h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.89f, payload["rainfall_24h"].asFloat());

-    // Light measurements (4 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 450.12f, payload["lux"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("white_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 380.95f, payload["white_lux"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("ir_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 25.37f, payload["ir_lux"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("uv_lux") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.68f, payload["uv_lux"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Distance measurement (1 field)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("distance") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 150.29f, payload["distance"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Wind measurements (4 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_direction") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(180, (int)payload["wind_direction"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_speed") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 5.52f, payload["wind_speed"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_gust") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 8.24f, payload["wind_gust"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_lull") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.13f, payload["wind_lull"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Weight measurement (1 field)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("weight") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 75.56f, payload["weight"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Radiation measurement (1 field)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("radiation") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 0.13f, payload["radiation"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Rainfall measurements (2 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_1h") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 2.57f, payload["rainfall_1h"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_24h") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 15.89f, payload["rainfall_24h"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Soil measurements (2 fields)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_moisture") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, (int)payload["soil_moisture"]->AsNumber());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_temperature") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 18.54f, payload["soil_temperature"]->AsNumber());
-
-    // Total: 22 environment fields
-    // This test ensures 100% coverage of environment metrics
-
-    // Note: JSON float serialization precision may vary due to the underlying library
-    // The important aspect is that all values are numerically accurate within tolerance
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("soil_moisture"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(85, payload["soil_moisture"].asInt());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("soil_temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 18.54f, payload["soil_temperature"].asFloat());
 }

-// Test that unset environment fields are not present in JSON
 void test_telemetry_environment_metrics_unset_fields()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
    size_t payload_size = encode_telemetry_environment_metrics_empty(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

-    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    Json::Value root = serialize_and_get_payload(meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP, buffer, payload_size);
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
-
-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
-
-    // Check payload exists
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
-
-    // With completely empty environment metrics, NO fields should be present
-    // Only basic telemetry fields like "time" might be present
-
-    // All 22 environment fields should be absent (none were set)
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("temperature") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("relative_humidity") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("barometric_pressure") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("gas_resistance") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("iaq") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("voltage") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("current") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("lux") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("white_lux") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("ir_lux") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("uv_lux") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("distance") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_direction") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_speed") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_gust") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("wind_lull") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("weight") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("radiation") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_1h") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("rainfall_24h") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_moisture") == payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("soil_temperature") == payload.end());
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("temperature"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("relative_humidity"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("barometric_pressure"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("gas_resistance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("iaq"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("voltage"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("current"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("white_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("ir_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("uv_lux"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("distance"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("wind_direction"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("wind_speed"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("wind_gust"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("wind_lull"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("weight"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("radiation"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("rainfall_1h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("rainfall_24h"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("soil_moisture"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(payload.isMember("soil_temperature"));
 }
@@ -1,48 +1,30 @@
 #include "../test_helpers.h"
-#include <memory>

-// Helper function to test common packet fields and structure
-void verify_text_message_packet_structure(const std::string &json, const char *expected_text)
+static void verify_text_message_packet_structure(const std::string &json, const char *expected_text)
 {
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);

-    // Use smart pointer for automatic memory management
-    std::unique_ptr<JSONValue> root(JSON::Parse(json.c_str()));
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root.get());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("from"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(0x11223344u, root["from"].asUInt());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("to"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(0x55667788u, root["to"].asUInt());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("id"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(0x9999u, root["id"].asUInt());

-    // Check basic packet fields - use helper function to reduce duplication
-    auto check_field = [&](const char *field, uint32_t expected_value) {
-        auto it = jsonObj.find(field);
-        TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(it != jsonObj.end());
-        TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(expected_value, (uint32_t)it->second->AsNumber());
-    };
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("type"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("text", root["type"].asString().c_str());

-    check_field("from", 0x11223344);
-    check_field("to", 0x55667788);
-    check_field("id", 0x9999);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("payload"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["payload"].isObject());

-    // Check message type
-    auto type_it = jsonObj.find("type");
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(type_it != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("text", type_it->second->AsString().c_str());
-
-    // Check payload
-    auto payload_it = jsonObj.find("payload");
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload_it != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload_it->second->IsObject());
-
-    JSONObject payload = payload_it->second->AsObject();
-    auto text_it = payload.find("text");
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(text_it != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING(expected_text, text_it->second->AsString().c_str());
-
-    // No need for manual delete with smart pointer
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("text"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING(expected_text, payload["text"].asString().c_str());
 }

-// Test TEXT_MESSAGE_APP port
 void test_text_message_serialization()
 {
    const char *test_text = "Hello Meshtastic!";
@@ -53,7 +35,6 @@ void test_text_message_serialization()
    verify_text_message_packet_structure(json, test_text);
 }

-// Test with nullptr to check robustness
 void test_text_message_serialization_null()
 {
    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP, nullptr, 0);
@@ -62,11 +43,9 @@ void test_text_message_serialization_null()
    verify_text_message_packet_structure(json, "");
 }

-// Test TEXT_MESSAGE_APP port with very long message (boundary testing)
 void test_text_message_serialization_long_text()
 {
-    // Test with actual message size limits
-    constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 200; // Typical LoRa payload limit
+    constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 200;
    std::string long_text(MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE, 'A');

    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP,
@@ -76,30 +55,25 @@ void test_text_message_serialization_long_text()
    verify_text_message_packet_structure(json, long_text.c_str());
 }

-// Test with message over size limit (should fail)
 void test_text_message_serialization_oversized()
 {
-    constexpr size_t OVERSIZED_MESSAGE = 250; // Over the limit
+    constexpr size_t OVERSIZED_MESSAGE = 250;
    std::string oversized_text(OVERSIZED_MESSAGE, 'B');

    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet = create_test_packet(
        meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(oversized_text.c_str()), oversized_text.length());

-    // Should fail or return empty/error
    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
-    // Should only verify first 234 characters for oversized messages
    std::string expected_text = oversized_text.substr(0, 234);
    verify_text_message_packet_structure(json, expected_text.c_str());
 }

-// Add test for malformed UTF-8 sequences
 void test_text_message_serialization_invalid_utf8()
 {
-    const uint8_t invalid_utf8[] = {0xFF, 0xFE, 0xFD, 0x00}; // Invalid UTF-8
+    const uint8_t invalid_utf8[] = {0xFF, 0xFE, 0xFD, 0x00};
    meshtastic_MeshPacket packet =
        create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP, invalid_utf8, sizeof(invalid_utf8) - 1);

-    // Should not crash, may produce replacement characters
    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);
-}
+}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ static size_t encode_waypoint(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
    waypoint.id = 12345;
    waypoint.latitude_i = 374208000;
    waypoint.longitude_i = -1221981000;
-    waypoint.expire = 1609459200 + 3600; // 1 hour from now
+    waypoint.expire = 1609459200 + 3600;
    strcpy(waypoint.name, "Test Point");
    strcpy(waypoint.description, "Test waypoint description");

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ static size_t encode_waypoint(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
    return stream.bytes_written;
 }

-// Test WAYPOINT_APP port
 void test_waypoint_serialization()
 {
    uint8_t buffer[256];
@@ -26,28 +25,20 @@ void test_waypoint_serialization()
    std::string json = MeshPacketSerializer::JsonSerialize(&packet, false);
    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(json.length() > 0);

-    JSONValue *root = JSON::Parse(json.c_str());
-    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root->IsObject());
+    Json::Value root = parse_json(json);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isObject());

-    JSONObject jsonObj = root->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("type"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("waypoint", root["type"].asString().c_str());

-    // Check message type
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("type") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("waypoint", jsonObj["type"]->AsString().c_str());
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root.isMember("payload"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(root["payload"].isObject());

-    // Check payload
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj.find("payload") != jsonObj.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(jsonObj["payload"]->IsObject());
+    const Json::Value &payload = root["payload"];

-    JSONObject payload = jsonObj["payload"]->AsObject();
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("id"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(12345, payload["id"].asInt());

-    // Verify waypoint data
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("id") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(12345, (int)payload["id"]->AsNumber());
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.find("name") != payload.end());
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("Test Point", payload["name"]->AsString().c_str());
-
-    delete root;
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(payload.isMember("name"));
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("Test Point", payload["name"].asString().c_str());
 }
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once

-#include "serialization/JSON.h"
 #include "serialization/MeshPacketSerializer.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
+#include <json/json.h>
+#include <memory>
 #include <meshtastic/mesh.pb.h>
 #include <meshtastic/mqtt.pb.h>
 #include <meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h>
@@ -10,6 +11,18 @@
 #include <pb_encode.h>
 #include <unity.h>

+// Parse a JSON string into a Json::Value; returns Json::nullValue on failure.
+static inline Json::Value parse_json(const std::string &s)
+{
+    Json::CharReaderBuilder b;
+    Json::Value root;
+    std::string errs;
+    std::unique_ptr<Json::CharReader> reader(b.newCharReader());
+    if (!reader->parse(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size(), &root, &errs))
+        return Json::Value();
+    return root;
+}
+
 // Helper function to create a test packet with the given port and payload
 static meshtastic_MeshPacket create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum port, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_size,
                                                int payload_variant = meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag)
@@ -36,7 +49,8 @@ static meshtastic_MeshPacket create_test_packet(meshtastic_PortNum port, const u
        packet.encrypted.size = payload_size;
        memcpy(packet.encrypted.bytes, payload, packet.encrypted.size);
    }
-    memcpy(packet.decoded.payload.bytes, payload, payload_size);
+    if (payload && payload_size)
+        memcpy(packet.decoded.payload.bytes, payload, payload_size);
    packet.decoded.payload.size = payload_size;
    packet.decoded.want_response = false;
    packet.decoded.dest = 0x55667788;
@@ -1,10 +1,36 @@
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "MeshService.h"
 #include "RadioInterface.h"
 #include "TestUtil.h"
 #include <unity.h>

 #include "meshtastic/config.pb.h"

+class MockMeshService : public MeshService
+{
+  public:
+    void sendClientNotification(meshtastic_ClientNotification *n) override { releaseClientNotificationToPool(n); }
+};
+
+static MockMeshService *mockMeshService;
+
+// Test shim to expose protected radio parameters set by applyModemConfig()
+class TestableRadioInterface : public RadioInterface
+{
+  public:
+    TestableRadioInterface() : RadioInterface() {}
+    uint8_t getCr() const { return cr; }
+    uint8_t getSf() const { return sf; }
+    float getBw() const { return bw; }
+
+    // Override reconfigure to call the base which invokes applyModemConfig()
+    bool reconfigure() override { return RadioInterface::reconfigure(); }
+
+    // Stubs for pure virtual methods required by RadioInterface
+    uint32_t getPacketTime(uint32_t, bool) override { return 0; }
+    ErrorCode send(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override { return ERRNO_OK; }
+};
+
 static void test_bwCodeToKHz_specialMappings()
 {
    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.0001f, 31.25f, bwCodeToKHz(31));
@@ -21,7 +47,7 @@ static void test_bwCodeToKHz_passthrough()
    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.0001f, 250.0f, bwCodeToKHz(250));
 }

-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
 {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
    cfg.use_preset = false;
@@ -30,55 +56,152 @@ static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse()
    cfg.bandwidth = 123;
    cfg.spread_factor = 8;

-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
+    RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg);

    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(123, cfg.bandwidth);
    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(8, cfg.spread_factor);
    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
 }

-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_nonWideRegion()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_nonWideRegion()
 {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
    cfg.use_preset = true;
    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;

-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(250, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(9, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }

-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_wideRegion()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_wideRegion()
 {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
    cfg.use_preset = true;
    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24;
    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;

-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(800, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(9, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }

-static void test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_fallsBackIfBandwidthExceedsRegionSpan()
+static void test_validateConfigLora_rejectsInvalidPresetForRegion()
 {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
    cfg.use_preset = true;
    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;

-    RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(cfg);
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT16(250, cfg.bandwidth);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT32(11, cfg.spread_factor);
+    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(cfg));
 }

-void setUp(void) {}
-void tearDown(void) {}
+static void test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_EU_868;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+static void test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged()
+{
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig cfg = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    cfg.use_preset = true;
+    cfg.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    cfg.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST;
+
+    RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(cfg);
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST, cfg.modem_preset);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// applyModemConfig() coding rate tests (via reconfigure)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static TestableRadioInterface *testRadio;
+
+// After fresh flash: coding_rate=0, use_preset=true, modem_preset=LONG_FAST
+// CR should come from the preset (5 for LONG_FAST), not from the zero default.
+static void test_applyModemConfig_freshFlashCodingRateNotZero()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    // coding_rate is 0 (default after init_zero, same as fresh flash)
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    // LONG_FAST preset has cr=5; must never be 0
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(5, testRadio->getCr());
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(11, testRadio->getSf());
+    TEST_ASSERT_FLOAT_WITHIN(0.01f, 250.0f, testRadio->getBw());
+}
+
+// When coding_rate matches the preset exactly, should still use the preset value
+static void test_applyModemConfig_codingRateMatchesPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 8; // LONG_SLOW default is cr=8
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(8, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+// Custom CR higher than preset should be used
+static void test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateHigherThanPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 7; // LONG_FAST preset has cr=5, 7 > 5
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(7, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+// Custom CR lower than preset: preset wins (higher is more robust)
+static void test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateLowerThanPreset()
+{
+    config.lora = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_init_zero;
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    config.lora.use_preset = true;
+    config.lora.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW;
+    config.lora.coding_rate = 5; // LONG_SLOW preset has cr=8, 5 < 8
+
+    testRadio->reconfigure();
+
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT8(8, testRadio->getCr());
+}
+
+void setUp(void)
+{
+    mockMeshService = new MockMeshService();
+    service = mockMeshService;
+
+    // RadioInterface computes slotTimeMsec during construction and expects myRegion to be valid.
+    config.lora.region = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_US;
+    initRegion();
+
+    testRadio = new TestableRadioInterface();
+}
+void tearDown(void)
+{
+    delete testRadio;
+    testRadio = nullptr;
+    service = nullptr;
+    delete mockMeshService;
+    mockMeshService = nullptr;
+}

 void setup()
 {
@@ -90,10 +213,16 @@ void setup()
    UNITY_BEGIN();
    RUN_TEST(test_bwCodeToKHz_specialMappings);
    RUN_TEST(test_bwCodeToKHz_passthrough);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_noopWhenUsePresetFalse);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_nonWideRegion);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_setsDerivedFields_wideRegion);
-    RUN_TEST(test_bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset_fallsBackIfBandwidthExceedsRegionSpan);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_noopWhenUsePresetFalse);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_nonWideRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_validPreset_wideRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_validateConfigLora_rejectsInvalidPresetForRegion);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_invalidPresetClampedToDefault);
+    RUN_TEST(test_clampConfigLora_validPresetUnchanged);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_freshFlashCodingRateNotZero);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_codingRateMatchesPreset);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateHigherThanPreset);
+    RUN_TEST(test_applyModemConfig_customCodingRateLowerThanPreset);
    exit(UNITY_END());
 }

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ build_flags =
  -I variants/esp32/chatter2
  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_WEBSERVER=1
  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PAXCOUNTER=1
-  -ULED_BUILTIN
  
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32_base.lib_deps}
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ build_flags =
  -D EBYTE_E22
  -D EBYTE_E22_900M30S ; Assume Tx power curve is identical to 900M30S as there is no documentation
  -I variants/esp32/diy/9m2ibr_aprs_lora_tracker
-  -ULED_BUILTIN
 build_src_filter =
  ${esp32_base.build_src_filter}
  +<../variants/esp32/diy/9m2ibr_aprs_lora_tracker>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More