Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal

and fix it on esp32 again
2026-10-06 04:02:47 +10:00 · 2026-05-04 22:10:48 -05:00 · 2026-05-04 13:09:22 -05:00 · 2026-04-30 16:03:35 -05:00 · 2026-04-30 15:45:36 -05:00 · 2026-04-30 15:21:42 -05:00
65 changed files with 1500 additions and 872 deletions
@@ -87,9 +87,6 @@
  </screenshots>

  <releases>
-    <release version="2.7.24" date="2026-05-08">
-      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.24</url>
-    </release>
    <release version="2.7.23" date="2026-04-14">
      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.23</url>
    </release>
@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-meshtasticd (2.7.24.0) unstable; urgency=medium
-
-  * Version 2.7.24
-
- -- GitHub Actions <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>  Fri, 08 May 2026 10:44:12 +0000
-
 meshtasticd (2.7.23.0) unstable; urgency=medium

  * Version 2.7.23
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/EmotiBit/EmotiBit_MLX90632/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.8.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Adafruit MLX90614 packageName=adafruit/Adafruit_MLX90614
 	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-MLX90614-Library/archive/refs/tags/2.1.6.zip
-	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=INA3221_RT packageName=RobTillaart/INA3221_RT
-	https://github.com/RobTillaart/INA3221_RT/archive/refs/tags/0.4.2.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=INA3221 packageName=https://github.com/sgtwilko/INA3221 gitBranch=FixOverflow
+	https://github.com/sgtwilko/INA3221/archive/bb03d7e9bfcc74fc798838a54f4f99738f29fc6a.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=QMC5883L Compass packageName=mprograms/QMC5883LCompass
 	https://github.com/mprograms/QMC5883LCompass/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.3.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=DFRobot_RTU packageName=dfrobot/DFRobot_RTU
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ SOFTWARE.*/

 #include "DebugConfiguration.h"

-#include <memory>
-
 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
 #endif
@@ -121,22 +119,27 @@ bool Syslog::vlogf(uint16_t pri, const char *fmt, va_list args)

 bool Syslog::vlogf(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
-    // First measure the formatted length using a copy of args; passing args directly
-    // to vsnprintf consumes it, and reusing a consumed va_list is undefined behavior.
-    va_list args_measure;
-    va_copy(args_measure, args);
-    int needed = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, args_measure);
-    va_end(args_measure);
+    char *message;
+    size_t initialLen;
+    size_t len;
+    bool result;

-    if (needed < 0)
-        return false; // encoding error
+    initialLen = strlen(fmt);

-    auto message = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[static_cast<size_t>(needed) + 1]);
-    int written = vsnprintf(message.get(), static_cast<size_t>(needed) + 1, fmt, args);
-    if (written < 0)
-        return false;
+    message = new char[initialLen + 1];

-    return this->_sendLog(pri, appName, message.get());
+    len = vsnprintf(message, initialLen + 1, fmt, args);
+    if (len > initialLen) {
+        delete[] message;
+        message = new char[len + 1];
+
+        vsnprintf(message, len + 1, fmt, args);
+    }
+
+    result = this->_sendLog(pri, appName, message);
+
+    delete[] message;
+    return result;
 }

 inline bool Syslog::_sendLog(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *message)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "memGet.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -20,6 +21,22 @@
 #if HAS_NETWORKING
 extern meshtastic::Syslog syslog;
 #endif
+
+namespace
+{
+std::atomic<bool> serialHalLogSuppressed{false};
+}
+
+void RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(bool suppressed)
+{
+    serialHalLogSuppressed.store(suppressed);
+}
+
+bool RedirectablePrint::isSerialHalLogSuppressed()
+{
+    return serialHalLogSuppressed.load();
+}
+
 void RedirectablePrint::rpInit()
 {
 #ifdef HAS_FREE_RTOS
@@ -277,6 +294,10 @@ meshtastic_LogRecord_Level RedirectablePrint::getLogLevel(const char *logLevel)
 void RedirectablePrint::log(const char *logLevel, const char *format, ...)
 {

+    if (isSerialHalLogSuppressed()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
    // append \n to format
    size_t len = strlen(format);
    auto newFormat = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[len + 2]);
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ class RedirectablePrint : public Print
  public:
    explicit RedirectablePrint(Print *_dest) : dest(_dest) {}

+    /// Suppress all log output while a SerialHal transaction is in progress.
+    // Unclear if this is necessary, but it seems to help with response speeds.
+    static void setSerialHalLogSuppressed(bool suppressed);
+    static bool isSerialHalLogSuppressed();
+
    /**
     * Set a new destination
     */
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ Lock::Lock() : handle(xSemaphoreCreateBinary())
    }
 }

-Lock::~Lock()
-{
-    vSemaphoreDelete(handle);
-}
-
 void Lock::lock()
 {
    if (xSemaphoreTake(handle, portMAX_DELAY) == false) {
@@ -35,8 +30,6 @@ void Lock::unlock()
 #else
 Lock::Lock() {}

-Lock::~Lock() {}
-
 void Lock::lock() {}

 void Lock::unlock() {}
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ class Lock
 {
  public:
    Lock();
-    ~Lock();

    Lock(const Lock &) = delete;
    Lock &operator=(const Lock &) = delete;
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ enum LoRaRadioType {
    SX1280_RADIO,
    LR1110_RADIO,
    LR1120_RADIO,
-    LR1121_RADIO,
-    LR2021_RADIO
+    LR1121_RADIO
 };

 extern LoRaRadioType radioType;
@@ -1025,13 +1025,10 @@ void GPS::up()
    setPowerState(GPS_ACTIVE);
 }

-// We've finished a GPS search cycle (lock or timeout). Enter a low power state, potentially.
+// We've got a GPS lock. Enter a low power state, potentially.
 void GPS::down()
 {
-    if (hasValidLocation)
-        scheduling.informGotLock();
-    else
-        scheduling.informSearchFailed();
+    scheduling.informGotLock();
    uint32_t predictedSearchDuration = scheduling.predictedSearchDurationMs();
    uint32_t sleepTime = scheduling.msUntilNextSearch();
    uint32_t updateInterval = Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(config.position.gps_update_interval);
@@ -1556,12 +1553,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<GPS> GPS::createGps()
        _en_gpio = PIN_GPS_EN;
 #endif
 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
-    if (portduino_config.has_gps) {
-        // These need to set as flags so later checks will pass on native and GPS will work.
-        // They are not used for any hardware access.
-        _rx_gpio = 1;
-        _tx_gpio = 1;
-    } else
+    if (!portduino_config.has_gps)
        return nullptr;
 #endif
    if (!_rx_gpio || !_serial_gps) // Configured to have no GPS at all
@@ -15,19 +15,6 @@ void GPSUpdateScheduling::informGotLock()
    searchEndedMs = millis();
    LOG_DEBUG("Took %us to get lock", (searchEndedMs - searchStartedMs) / 1000);
    updateLockTimePrediction();
-    consecutiveFailures = 0; // Drop back to fast cadence as soon as we acquire any fix
-}
-
-// Search finished without obtaining a fix. We still need to mark the end time so
-// the next sleep is timed correctly, but we must not feed the timeout duration
-// into predictedMsToGetLock — doing so poisons msUntilNextSearch() and causes
-// down() to fall into GPS_IDLE, leaving the chip awake on subsequent indoor cycles.
-void GPSUpdateScheduling::informSearchFailed()
-{
-    searchEndedMs = millis();
-    consecutiveFailures++;
-    LOG_DEBUG("GPS search ended without fix after %us (consecutive failures: %u)", (searchEndedMs - searchStartedMs) / 1000,
-              consecutiveFailures);
 }

 // Clear old lock-time prediction data.
@@ -38,7 +25,6 @@ void GPSUpdateScheduling::reset()
    searchEndedMs = 0;
    searchCount = 0;
    predictedMsToGetLock = 0;
-    consecutiveFailures = 0;
 }

 // How many milliseconds before we should next search for GPS position
@@ -50,20 +36,6 @@ uint32_t GPSUpdateScheduling::msUntilNextSearch()
    // Target interval (seconds), between GPS updates
    uint32_t updateInterval = Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(config.position.gps_update_interval, default_gps_update_interval);

-    // After a failed search, back off: indoors / no-sky environments will keep failing,
-    // so wake at most once per broadcast interval rather than once per gps_update_interval.
-    // Capped at 1 hour so a user-configured very-long broadcast interval still retries
-    // periodically (in case conditions change). Reset on any successful lock.
-    if (consecutiveFailures > 0) {
-        constexpr uint32_t failureRetryCapMs = 60UL * 60UL * 1000UL; // 1 hour cap
-        uint32_t failureSleepMs =
-            Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(config.position.position_broadcast_secs, default_broadcast_interval_secs);
-        if (failureSleepMs > failureRetryCapMs)
-            failureSleepMs = failureRetryCapMs;
-        if (updateInterval < failureSleepMs)
-            updateInterval = failureSleepMs;
-    }
-
    // Check how long until we should start searching, to hopefully hit our target interval
    uint32_t dueAtMs = searchEndedMs + updateInterval;
    uint32_t compensatedStart = dueAtMs - predictedMsToGetLock;
@@ -99,18 +71,14 @@ bool GPSUpdateScheduling::isUpdateDue()
 bool GPSUpdateScheduling::searchedTooLong()
 {
    constexpr uint32_t oneMinuteMs = 60UL * 1000UL;
-    constexpr uint32_t maxSearchClampMs = 15UL * oneMinuteMs;   // Hard cap: 15 minutes is always too long
-    constexpr uint32_t postFailureSearchMs = 5UL * oneMinuteMs; // Tighter dwell once we know the environment is hostile
+    constexpr uint32_t maxSearchClampMs = 15UL * oneMinuteMs; // Hard cap: 15 minutes is always too long
    uint32_t elapsed = elapsedSearchMs();

    // Anything over 15 minutes is too long, regardless of the broadcast interval.
+    // TODO: Make a smarter algorithm that backs off the search dwell time when not getting a lock.
    if (elapsed > maxSearchClampMs)
        return true;

-    // After a prior failed search, shorten the dwell
-    if (consecutiveFailures > 0 && elapsed > postFailureSearchMs)
-        return true;
-
    uint32_t minimumOrConfiguredSecs =
        Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(config.position.position_broadcast_secs, default_broadcast_interval_secs);
    uint32_t maxSearchMs = Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMs(minimumOrConfiguredSecs, default_broadcast_interval_secs);
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ class GPSUpdateScheduling
  public:
    // Marks the time of these events, for calculation use
    void informSearching();
-    void informGotLock();      // Predicted lock-time is recalculated here
-    void informSearchFailed(); // Search ended without a fix; prediction is left untouched
+    void informGotLock(); // Predicted lock-time is recalculated here

    void reset();           // Reset the prediction - after GPS::disable() / GPS::enable()
    bool isUpdateDue();     // Is it time to begin searching for a GPS position?
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ class GPSUpdateScheduling
    uint32_t searchEndedMs = 0;
    uint32_t searchCount = 0;
    uint32_t predictedMsToGetLock = 0;
-    uint32_t consecutiveFailures = 0; // Count of search cycles that ended without a fix; reset on lock

    const float weighting = 0.2; // Controls exponential smoothing of lock-times prediction. 20% weighting of "latest lock-time".
 };
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ RotaryEncoderImpl *rotaryEncoderImpl;

 RotaryEncoderImpl::RotaryEncoderImpl()
 {
+    rotary = nullptr;
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
    isFirstInit = true;
 #endif
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ RotaryEncoderImpl::~RotaryEncoderImpl()
 {
    LOG_DEBUG("RotaryEncoderImpl destructor");
    detachRotaryEncoderInterrupts();
+
+    if (rotary != nullptr) {
+        delete rotary;
+        rotary = nullptr;
+    }
 }

 bool RotaryEncoderImpl::init()
@@ -37,9 +43,8 @@ bool RotaryEncoderImpl::init()
    eventPressed = static_cast<input_broker_event>(moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_event_press);

    if (rotary == nullptr) {
-        rotary.reset(new RotaryEncoder(moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_a,
-                                       moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_b,
-                                       moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_press));
+        rotary = new RotaryEncoder(moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_a, moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_b,
+                                   moduleConfig.canned_message.inputbroker_pin_press);
    }

    attachRotaryEncoderInterrupts();
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "InputBroker.h"
 #include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
 #include "mesh/NodeDB.h"
-#include <memory>

 class RotaryEncoder;

@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ class RotaryEncoderImpl final : public InputPollable
    input_broker_event eventCcw = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
    input_broker_event eventPressed = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;

-    std::unique_ptr<RotaryEncoder> rotary;
+    RotaryEncoder *rotary;

  private:
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
@@ -951,8 +951,12 @@ void setup()
 #endif
 #endif

-    auto rIf = initLoRa();
-
+    std::unique_ptr<RadioInterface> rIf;
+    if (!config.lora.serial_hal_only) {
+        rIf = initLoRa();
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO("skipping LoRa radio init, for serialHal");
+    }
    lateInitVariant(); // Do board specific init (see extra_variants/README.md for documentation)

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
@@ -996,10 +1000,9 @@ void setup()

    // Start airtime logger thread.
    airTime = new AirTime();
-
-    if (!rIf)
+    if (!rIf && !config.lora.serial_hal_only)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_NO_RADIO);
-    else {
+    else if (rIf) {
        // Log bit rate to debug output
        LOG_DEBUG("LoRA bitrate = %f bytes / sec", (float(meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN) /
                                                    (float(rIf->getPacketTime(meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN)))) *
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
 #include "LR11x0Interface.cpp"
 #include "LR11x0Interface.h"
-#include "LR20x0Interface.cpp"
-#include "LR20x0Interface.h"
 #include "SX126xInterface.cpp"
 #include "SX126xInterface.h"
 #include "SX128xInterface.cpp"
@@ -25,9 +21,6 @@ template class LR11x0Interface<LR1110>;
 template class LR11x0Interface<LR1120>;
 template class LR11x0Interface<LR1121>;
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_LR2021) && RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-template class LR20x0Interface<LR2021>;
-#endif
 #ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
 template class SX126xInterface<STM32WLx>;
 #endif
@@ -57,19 +57,16 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::init()
 #if ARCH_PORTDUINO
    float tcxoVoltage = (float)portduino_config.dio3_tcxo_voltage / 1000;
 // FIXME: correct logic to default to not using TCXO if no voltage is specified for LR11x0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE
-#elif defined(LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE)
-    float tcxoVoltage = LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE;
-    LOG_DEBUG("LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE defined, using DIO3 as TCXO reference voltage at %f V", LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE);
-    // (DIO3 is not free to be used as an IRQ)
-#elif defined(TCXO_OPTIONAL)
-    float tcxoVoltage = 1.6f; // TCXO_OPTIONAL: try default 1.6 V first, fall back to XTAL on failure
-    LOG_DEBUG("TCXO_OPTIONAL: no LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE defined, trying default TCXO Vref 1.6 V first");
-#else
+#elif !defined(LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE)
    float tcxoVoltage =
        0; // "TCXO reference voltage to be set on DIO3. Defaults to 1.6 V, set to 0 to skip." per
           // https://github.com/jgromes/RadioLib/blob/690a050ebb46e6097c5d00c371e961c1caa3b52e/src/modules/LR11x0/LR11x0.h#L471C26-L471C104
    // (DIO3 is free to be used as an IRQ)
    LOG_DEBUG("LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE not defined, not using DIO3 as TCXO reference voltage");
+#else
+    float tcxoVoltage = LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE;
+    LOG_DEBUG("LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE defined, using DIO3 as TCXO reference voltage at %f V", LR11X0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE);
+    // (DIO3 is not free to be used as an IRQ)
 #endif

    RadioLibInterface::init();
@@ -104,17 +101,6 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::init()
        res = lora.begin(getFreq(), bw, sf, cr, syncWord, power, preambleLength, tcxoVoltage);
    }

-#if defined(TCXO_OPTIONAL)
-    // If init failed for any reason other than chip not found, retry without TCXO (XTAL mode)
-    if (res != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE && res != RADIOLIB_ERR_CHIP_NOT_FOUND && tcxoVoltage > 0) {
-        LOG_WARN("LR11x0 init failed with TCXO Vref %f V (err %d), retrying without TCXO", tcxoVoltage, res);
-        tcxoVoltage = 0;
-        res = lora.begin(getFreq(), bw, sf, cr, syncWord, power, preambleLength, tcxoVoltage);
-        if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-            LOG_INFO("LR11x0 init success without TCXO (XTAL mode)");
-    }
-#endif
-
    // \todo Display actual typename of the adapter, not just `LR11x0`
    LOG_INFO("LR11x0 init result %d", res);
    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_CHIP_NOT_FOUND || res == RADIOLIB_ERR_SPI_CMD_FAILED)
@@ -212,7 +198,7 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()

    startReceive(); // restart receiving

-    return true;
+    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
 }

 template <typename T> void LR11x0Interface<T>::disableInterrupt()
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if defined(USE_LR2021) && RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-
-#include "LR2021Interface.h"
-#include "error.h"
-
-LR2021Interface::LR2021Interface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE cs, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE irq, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE rst,
-                                 RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE busy)
-    : LR20x0Interface(hal, cs, irq, rst, busy)
-{
-}
-
-bool LR2021Interface::wideLora()
-{
-    return true;
-}
-#endif
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#if RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-#include "LR20x0Interface.h"
-
-/**
- * Our adapter for LR2021 radios
- */
-class LR2021Interface : public LR20x0Interface<LR2021>
-{
-  public:
-    LR2021Interface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE cs, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE irq, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE rst,
-                    RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE busy);
-    bool wideLora() override;
-};
-#endif
@@ -1,399 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if defined(USE_LR2021) && RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-#include "LR20x0Interface.h"
-#include "error.h"
-#include "mesh/NodeDB.h"
-
-// Keep LR20x0 naming while RadioLib exposes LR2021 symbols.
-#ifndef LR20x0
-#define LR20x0 LR2021
-#endif
-
-#ifdef LR2021_DIO_AS_RF_SWITCH
-#include "rfswitch.h"
-#elif ARCH_PORTDUINO
-#include "PortduinoGlue.h"
-#define lr20x0_rfswitch_dio_pins portduino_config.rfswitch_dio_pins
-#define lr20x0_rfswitch_table portduino_config.rfswitch_table
-#else
-static const uint32_t lr20x0_rfswitch_dio_pins[] = {RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC};
-static const Module::RfSwitchMode_t lr20x0_rfswitch_table[] = {
-    {LR20x0::MODE_STBY, {}},  {LR20x0::MODE_RX, {}},    {LR20x0::MODE_TX, {}},
-    {LR20x0::MODE_RX_HF, {}}, {LR20x0::MODE_TX_HF, {}}, END_OF_MODE_TABLE,
-};
-#endif
-
-// Particular boards might define a different max power based on what their hardware can do, default to max power output if not
-// specified (may be dangerous if using external PA and LR20x0 power config forgotten)
-#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
-#define LR2021_MAX_POWER portduino_config.lr2021_max_power
-#endif
-#ifndef LR2021_MAX_POWER
-#define LR2021_MAX_POWER 22
-#endif
-
-// the 2.4G part maxes at 12dBm
-
-#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
-#define LR2021_MAX_POWER_HF portduino_config.lr2021_max_power_hf
-#endif
-#ifndef LR2021_MAX_POWER_HF
-#define LR2021_MAX_POWER_HF 12
-#endif
-
-template <typename T>
-LR20x0Interface<T>::LR20x0Interface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE cs, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE irq, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE rst,
-                                    RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE busy)
-    : RadioLibInterface(hal, cs, irq, rst, busy, &lora), lora(&module)
-{
-    LOG_WARN("LR20x0Interface(cs=%d, irq=%d, rst=%d, busy=%d)", cs, irq, rst, busy);
-}
-
-/// Initialise the Driver transport hardware and software.
-/// Make sure the Driver is properly configured before calling init().
-/// \return true if initialisation succeeded.
-template <typename T> bool LR20x0Interface<T>::init()
-{
-#ifdef LR2021_POWER_EN
-    pinMode(LR2021_POWER_EN, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LR2021_POWER_EN, HIGH);
-#endif
-
-#if ARCH_PORTDUINO
-    float tcxoVoltage = (float)portduino_config.dio3_tcxo_voltage / 1000;
-// FIXME: correct logic to default to not using TCXO if no voltage is specified for LR20x0_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE
-#elif defined(LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE)
-    float tcxoVoltage = LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE;
-    LOG_DEBUG("LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE defined, using DIO3 as TCXO reference voltage at %f V", LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE);
-    // (DIO3 is not free to be used as an IRQ)
-#elif defined(TCXO_OPTIONAL)
-    float tcxoVoltage = 1.6f; // TCXO_OPTIONAL: try default 1.6 V first, fall back to XTAL on failure
-    LOG_DEBUG("TCXO_OPTIONAL: no LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE defined, trying default TCXO Vref 1.6 V first");
-#else
-    float tcxoVoltage =
-        0; // "TCXO reference voltage to be set on DIO3. Defaults to 1.6 V, set to 0 to skip." per
-           // https://github.com/jgromes/RadioLib/blob/690a050ebb46e6097c5d00c371e961c1caa3b52e/src/modules/LR11x0/LR11x0.h#L471C26-L471C104
-    // (DIO3 is free to be used as an IRQ)
-    LOG_DEBUG("LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE not defined, not using DIO3 as TCXO reference voltage");
-#endif
-
-    RadioLibInterface::init();
-
-#ifdef LR2021_IRQ_DIO_NUM
-    lora.irqDioNum = LR2021_IRQ_DIO_NUM;
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set irqDioNum %d", lora.irqDioNum);
-#elif defined(IRQ_DIO_NUM)
-    lora.irqDioNum = IRQ_DIO_NUM;
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set irqDioNum %d", lora.irqDioNum);
-#else
-    LOG_DEBUG("Use default irqDioNum %d", lora.irqDioNum);
-#endif
-
-    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
-        limitPower(LR2021_MAX_POWER_HF);
-    } else {
-        limitPower(LR2021_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
-    }
-
-#ifdef LR2021_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ
-    pinMode(LR2021_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LR2021_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ, getFreq() < 1e9 ? HIGH : LOW);
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set RF0 switch to %s", getFreq() < 1e9 ? "SubGHz" : "2.4GHz");
-#endif
-
-#ifdef LR2021_RF_SWITCH_2_4GHZ
-    pinMode(LR2021_RF_SWITCH_2_4GHZ, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LR2021_RF_SWITCH_2_4GHZ, getFreq() < 1e9 ? LOW : HIGH);
-    LOG_DEBUG("Set RF1 switch to %s", getFreq() < 1e9 ? "SubGHz" : "2.4GHz");
-#endif
-
-    // Allow extra time for TCXO to stabilize after power-on
-    delay(10);
-
-    int res = lora.begin(getFreq(), bw, sf, cr, syncWord, power, preambleLength, tcxoVoltage);
-
-    // Retry if we get SPI command failed - some units need extra TCXO stabilization time
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_SPI_CMD_FAILED) {
-        LOG_WARN("LR20x0 init failed with %d (SPI_CMD_FAILED), retrying after delay...", res);
-        delay(100);
-        res = lora.begin(getFreq(), bw, sf, cr, syncWord, power, preambleLength, tcxoVoltage);
-    }
-
-#if defined(TCXO_OPTIONAL)
-    // If init failed for any reason other than chip not found, retry without TCXO (XTAL mode)
-    if (res != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE && res != RADIOLIB_ERR_CHIP_NOT_FOUND && tcxoVoltage > 0) {
-        LOG_WARN("LR20x0 init failed with TCXO Vref %f V (err %d), retrying without TCXO", tcxoVoltage, res);
-        tcxoVoltage = 0;
-        res = lora.begin(getFreq(), bw, sf, cr, syncWord, power, preambleLength, tcxoVoltage);
-        if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-            LOG_INFO("LR20x0 init success without TCXO (XTAL mode)");
-    }
-#endif
-
-    // \todo Display actual typename of the adapter, not just `LR20x0`
-    LOG_INFO("LR20x0 init result %d", res);
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_CHIP_NOT_FOUND || res == RADIOLIB_ERR_SPI_CMD_FAILED)
-        return false;
-
-        // Some basic info about the module's explicit firmware version - no other info available
-        // Currently requires radiolib godmode
-
-#if RADIOLIB_GODMODE
-    uint8_t fwMajor = 0;
-    uint8_t fwMinor = 0;
-    int versionRes = lora.getVersion(&fwMajor, &fwMinor);
-    if (versionRes == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        LOG_DEBUG("LR20x0 FW %d.%d", fwMajor, fwMinor);
-#endif
-
-    LOG_INFO("Frequency set to %f", getFreq());
-    LOG_INFO("Bandwidth set to %f", bw);
-    LOG_INFO("Power output set to %d", power);
-
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        res = lora.setCRC(2);
-
-        // Standard DCDC ramp timing from RadioLib workarounds (register 0x00F20024)
-        // Currently requires radiolib godmode
-#if RADIOLIB_GODMODE
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
-        uint8_t rampTimes[4] = {15, 15, 15, 15}; // Standard case for all conditions
-        res = lora.setRegMode(RADIOLIB_LR2021_REG_MODE_SIMO_NORMAL, rampTimes);
-        if (res != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-            LOG_WARN("LR2021 setRegMode failed: %d", res);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef LR2021_DIO_AS_RF_SWITCH
-    bool dioAsRfSwitch = true;
-#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
-    bool dioAsRfSwitch = portduino_config.has_rfswitch_table;
-#else
-    bool dioAsRfSwitch = false;
-#endif
-
-    if (dioAsRfSwitch) {
-        lora.setRfSwitchTable(lr20x0_rfswitch_dio_pins, lr20x0_rfswitch_table);
-        LOG_DEBUG("Set DIO RF switch");
-    }
-
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
-        if (config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain) { // the name is unfortunate but historically accurate
-            res = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(true);
-            LOG_INFO("Set RX gain to boosted mode; result: %d", res);
-        } else {
-            res = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(false);
-            LOG_INFO("Set RX gain to power saving mode (boosted mode off); result: %d", res);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        startReceive(); // start receiving
-
-    return res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
-}
-
-template <typename T> bool LR20x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
-{
-    RadioLibInterface::reconfigure();
-
-    // set mode to standby
-    setStandby();
-
-    // configure publicly accessible settings
-    int err = lora.setSpreadingFactor(sf);
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-    err = lora.setBandwidth(bw); // different form than LR11xx
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-    err = lora.setCodingRate(cr, cr != 7); // use long interleaving except if CR is 4/7 which doesn't support it
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-    err = lora.setSyncWord(syncWord);
-    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
-
-    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
-        limitPower(LR2021_MAX_POWER_HF);
-    } else {
-        limitPower(LR2021_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
-    }
-
-    err = lora.setPreambleLength(preambleLength);
-    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
-
-    err = lora.setFrequency(getFreq());
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
-    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
-
-    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY, matches resetAGC() pattern
-    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
-        LOG_WARN("LR20x0 setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
-
-    startReceive(); // restart receiving
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::disableInterrupt()
-{
-    lora.clearIrqAction();
-}
-
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::setStandby()
-{
-    checkNotification(); // handle any pending interrupts before we force standby
-
-    int err = lora.standby();
-
-    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("LR20x0 standby failed with error %d", err);
-    }
-
-    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
-
-    isReceiving = false; // If we were receiving, not any more
-    activeReceiveStart = 0;
-    disableInterrupt();
-    completeSending(); // If we were sending, not anymore
-    RadioLibInterface::setStandby();
-}
-
-/**
- * Add SNR data to received messages
- */
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::addReceiveMetadata(meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp)
-{
-    // LOG_DEBUG("PacketStatus %x", lora.getPacketStatus());
-    mp->rx_snr = lora.getSNR();
-    mp->rx_rssi = lround(lora.getRSSI());
-    // LOG_DEBUG("Corrected frequency offset: %f", lora.getFrequencyError()); // not implemented for LR20x0, but noop for LR11x0
-    // too(!)
-}
-
-/** We override to turn on transmitter power as needed.
- */
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::configHardwareForSend()
-{
-    RadioLibInterface::configHardwareForSend();
-}
-
-// For power draw measurements, helpful to force radio to stay sleeping
-// #define SLEEP_ONLY
-
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::startReceive()
-{
-#ifdef SLEEP_ONLY
-    sleep();
-#else
-
-    setStandby();
-
-    lora.setPreambleLength(preambleLength); // Solve RX ack fail after direct message sent.  Not sure why this is needed.
-
-    // We use a 16 bit preamble so this should save some power by letting radio sit in standby mostly.
-    int err =
-        lora.startReceive(RADIOLIB_LR2021_RX_TIMEOUT_INF, MESHTASTIC_RADIOLIB_IRQ_RX_FLAGS, RADIOLIB_IRQ_RX_DEFAULT_MASK, 0);
-    if (err)
-        LOG_ERROR("StartReceive error: %d", err);
-    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);
-
-    RadioLibInterface::startReceive();
-
-    // Must be done AFTER starting receive, because startReceive clears (possibly stale) interrupt pending register bits
-    enableInterrupt(isrRxLevel0);
-    checkRxDoneIrqFlag();
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Is the channel currently active? */
-template <typename T> bool LR20x0Interface<T>::isChannelActive()
-{
-    // check if we can detect a LoRa preamble on the current channel
-    ChannelScanConfig_t cfg = {.cad = {.symNum = NUM_SYM_CAD,
-                                       .detPeak = RADIOLIB_LR2021_CAD_PARAM_DEFAULT,
-                                       .detMin = RADIOLIB_LR2021_CAD_PARAM_DEFAULT,
-                                       .exitMode = RADIOLIB_LR2021_CAD_PARAM_DEFAULT,
-                                       .timeout = 0,
-                                       .irqFlags = RADIOLIB_IRQ_CAD_DEFAULT_FLAGS,
-                                       .irqMask = RADIOLIB_IRQ_CAD_DEFAULT_MASK}};
-    int16_t result;
-
-    setStandby();
-    result = lora.scanChannel(cfg);
-    if (result == RADIOLIB_LORA_DETECTED)
-        return true;
-
-    assert(result != RADIOLIB_ERR_WRONG_MODEM);
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-/** Could we send right now (i.e. either not actively receiving or transmitting)? */
-template <typename T> bool LR20x0Interface<T>::isActivelyReceiving()
-{
-    // The IRQ status will be cleared when we start our read operation. Check if we've started a header, but haven't yet
-    // received and handled the interrupt for reading the packet/handling errors.
-    return receiveDetected(lora.getIrqStatus(), RADIOLIB_LR2021_IRQ_LORA_HEADER_VALID, RADIOLIB_LR2021_IRQ_PREAMBLE_DETECTED);
-}
-
-#ifdef LR20X0_AGC_RESET
-template <typename T> void LR20x0Interface<T>::resetAGC()
-{
-    // Safety: don't reset mid-packet
-    if (sendingPacket != NULL || (isReceiving && isActivelyReceiving()))
-        return;
-
-    LOG_DEBUG("LR20x0 AGC reset: warm sleep + Calibrate(0x3F)");
-
-    // 1. Warm sleep — powers down the analog frontend, resetting AGC state
-    lora.sleep(true, 0);
-
-    // 2. Wake to RC standby for stable calibration
-    lora.standby(RADIOLIB_LR20X0_STANDBY_RC, true);
-
-    // 3. Calibrate all blocks (PLL, ADC, image, RC oscillators)
-    //    calibrate() is protected on LR20x0, so use raw SPI (same as internal implementation)
-    uint8_t calData = RADIOLIB_LR20X0_CALIBRATE_ALL;
-    module.SPIwriteStream(RADIOLIB_LR20X0_CMD_CALIBRATE, &calData, 1, true, true);
-
-    // 4. Re-calibrate image rejection for actual operating frequency
-    //    Calibrate(0x3F) defaults to 902-928 MHz which is wrong for other regions.
-    lora.calibrateImageRejection(getFreq() - 4.0f, getFreq() + 4.0f);
-
-    // 5. Re-apply RX boosted gain mode
-    lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
-
-    // 6. Resume receiving
-    startReceive();
-}
-#endif
-
-template <typename T> bool LR20x0Interface<T>::sleep()
-{
-    // \todo Display actual typename of the adapter, not just `LR20x0`
-    LOG_DEBUG("LR20x0 entering sleep mode");
-    setStandby(); // Stop any pending operations
-
-    // turn off TCXO if it was powered
-    lora.setTCXO(0);
-
-    // put chipset into sleep mode (we've already disabled interrupts by now)
-    bool keepConfig = false;
-    lora.sleep(keepConfig, 0); // Note: we do not keep the config, full reinit will be needed
-
-#ifdef LR2021_POWER_EN
-    digitalWrite(LR2021_POWER_EN, LOW);
-#endif
-
-    return true;
-}
-#endif
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#if RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-#include "RadioLibInterface.h"
-
-/**
- * \brief Adapter for LR20x0 radio family. Implements common logic for child classes.
- * \tparam T RadioLib module type for LR20x0, e.g. LR2021.
- */
-template <class T> class LR20x0Interface : public RadioLibInterface
-{
-  public:
-    LR20x0Interface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE cs, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE irq, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE rst,
-                    RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE busy);
-
-    /// Initialise the Driver transport hardware and software.
-    /// Make sure the Driver is properly configured before calling init().
-    /// \return true if initialisation succeeded.
-    virtual bool init() override;
-
-    /// Apply any radio provisioning changes
-    /// Make sure the Driver is properly configured before calling init().
-    /// \return true if initialisation succeeded.
-    virtual bool reconfigure() override;
-
-    /// Prepare hardware for sleep.  Call this _only_ for deep sleep, not needed for light sleep.
-    virtual bool sleep() override;
-
-    bool isIRQPending() override { return lora.getIrqFlags() != 0; }
-
-#ifdef LR20X0_AGC_RESET
-    void resetAGC() override;
-#endif
-
-  protected:
-    /**
-     * Specific module instance
-     */
-    T lora;
-
-    /**
-     * Glue functions called from ISR land
-     */
-    virtual void disableInterrupt() override;
-
-    /**
-     * Enable a particular ISR callback glue function
-     */
-    virtual void enableInterrupt(void (*callback)()) { lora.setIrqAction(callback); }
-
-    /** can we detect a LoRa preamble on the current channel? */
-    virtual bool isChannelActive() override;
-
-    /** are we actively receiving a packet (only called during receiving state) */
-    virtual bool isActivelyReceiving() override;
-
-    /**
-     * Start waiting to receive a message
-     */
-    virtual void startReceive() override;
-
-    /**
-     *  We override to turn on transmitter power as needed.
-     */
-    virtual void configHardwareForSend() override;
-
-    /**
-     * Add SNR data to received messages
-     */
-    virtual void addReceiveMetadata(meshtastic_MeshPacket *mp) override;
-
-    virtual void setStandby() override;
-
-    uint32_t getPacketTime(uint32_t pl, bool received) override { return computePacketTime(lora, pl, received); }
-};
-#endif
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY 0     // Set to 1 for verbose logging, 2 for heavy debugging
 #define PACKET_HISTORY_TRACE_AGING 1 // Set to 1 to enable logging of the age of re/used history slots

-PacketHistory::PacketHistory(uint32_t size) : recentPacketsCapacity(0) // Initialize members
+PacketHistory::PacketHistory(uint32_t size) : recentPacketsCapacity(0), recentPackets(NULL) // Initialize members
 {
    if (size < 4 || size > PACKETHISTORY_MAX) { // Copilot suggested - makes sense
        LOG_WARN("Packet History - Invalid size %d, using default %d", size, PACKETHISTORY_MAX);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ PacketHistory::PacketHistory(uint32_t size) : recentPacketsCapacity(0) // Initia

    // Allocate memory for the recent packets array
    recentPacketsCapacity = size;
-    recentPackets.reset(new PacketRecord[recentPacketsCapacity]);
+    recentPackets = new PacketRecord[recentPacketsCapacity];
    if (!recentPackets) { // No logging here, console/log probably uninitialized yet.
        LOG_ERROR("Packet History - Memory allocation failed for size=%d entries / %d Bytes", size,
                  sizeof(PacketRecord) * recentPacketsCapacity);
@@ -43,20 +43,33 @@ PacketHistory::PacketHistory(uint32_t size) : recentPacketsCapacity(0) // Initia
    }

    // Initialize the recent packets array to zero
-    memset(recentPackets.get(), 0, sizeof(PacketRecord) * recentPacketsCapacity);
+    memset(recentPackets, 0, sizeof(PacketRecord) * recentPacketsCapacity);

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKT_HISTORY_HASH
    // Allocate hash index with load factor <= 0.5 for short probe chains
    hashCapacity = nextPowerOf2(recentPacketsCapacity * 2);
    hashMask = hashCapacity - 1;
-    hashIndex.reset(new uint16_t[hashCapacity]);
+    hashIndex = new uint16_t[hashCapacity];
    if (!hashIndex) {
        LOG_ERROR("Packet History - Hash index allocation failed for %d entries", hashCapacity);
        hashCapacity = 0;
        hashMask = 0;
        return;
    }
-    memset(hashIndex.get(), 0xFF, sizeof(uint16_t) * hashCapacity); // Fill with HASH_EMPTY (0xFFFF)
+    memset(hashIndex, 0xFF, sizeof(uint16_t) * hashCapacity); // Fill with HASH_EMPTY (0xFFFF)
+#endif
+}
+
+PacketHistory::~PacketHistory()
+{
+    recentPacketsCapacity = 0;
+    delete[] recentPackets;
+    recentPackets = NULL;
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKT_HISTORY_HASH
+    delete[] hashIndex;
+    hashIndex = NULL;
+    hashCapacity = 0;
+    hashMask = 0;
 #endif
 }

@@ -272,7 +285,7 @@ void PacketHistory::hashRebuild()
 {
    if (!hashIndex)
        return;
-    memset(hashIndex.get(), 0xFF, sizeof(uint16_t) * hashCapacity);
+    memset(hashIndex, 0xFF, sizeof(uint16_t) * hashCapacity);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < recentPacketsCapacity; i++) {
        if (recentPackets[i].rxTimeMsec != 0)
            hashInsert(recentPackets[i].sender, recentPackets[i].id, (uint16_t)i);
@@ -319,8 +332,7 @@ PacketHistory::PacketRecord *PacketHistory::find(NodeNum sender, PacketId id)
 #endif

    // Linear scan (sole path when hash excluded, fallback when hash allocation failed)
-    PacketRecord *base = recentPackets.get();
-    for (PacketRecord *it = base; it < (base + recentPacketsCapacity); ++it) {
+    for (PacketRecord *it = recentPackets; it < (recentPackets + recentPacketsCapacity); ++it) {
        if (it->id == id && it->sender == sender) {
            return it;
        }
@@ -334,38 +346,39 @@ void PacketHistory::insert(const PacketRecord &r)
 {
    uint32_t now_millis = millis(); // Should not jump with time changes
    uint32_t OldtrxTimeMsec = 0;
-    PacketRecord *base = recentPackets.get();
    PacketRecord *tu = NULL; // Will insert here.
    PacketRecord *it = NULL;

    // Find a free, matching or oldest used slot in the recentPackets array
-    for (it = base; it < (base + recentPacketsCapacity); ++it) {
+    for (it = recentPackets; it < (recentPackets + recentPacketsCapacity); ++it) {
        if (it->id == 0 && it->sender == 0 /*&& rxTimeMsec == 0*/) { // Record is empty
            tu = it;                                                 // Remember the free slot
 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY >= 2
-            LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Free slot@ %d/%d", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity);
+            LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Free slot@ %d/%d", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity);
 #endif
            // We have that, Exit the loop
-            it = (base + recentPacketsCapacity);
+            it = (recentPackets + recentPacketsCapacity);
        } else if (it->id == r.id && it->sender == r.sender) { // Record matches the packet we want to insert
            tu = it;                                           // Remember the matching slot
            OldtrxTimeMsec = now_millis - it->rxTimeMsec;      // ..and save current entry's age
 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY >= 2
-            LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Matched slot@ %d/%d age=%d", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity, OldtrxTimeMsec);
+            LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Matched slot@ %d/%d age=%d", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity,
+                      OldtrxTimeMsec);
 #endif
            // We have that, Exit the loop
-            it = (base + recentPacketsCapacity);
+            it = (recentPackets + recentPacketsCapacity);
        } else {
            if (it->rxTimeMsec == 0) {
                LOG_WARN(
                    "Packet History - insert: Found packet s=%08x id=%08x with rxTimeMsec = 0, slot %d/%d. Should never happen!",
-                    it->sender, it->id, it - base, recentPacketsCapacity);
+                    it->sender, it->id, it - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity);
            }
            if ((now_millis - it->rxTimeMsec) > OldtrxTimeMsec) { // 49.7 days rollover friendly
                OldtrxTimeMsec = now_millis - it->rxTimeMsec;
                tu = it; // remember the oldest packet
 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY >= 2
-                LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Older slot@ %d/%d age=%d", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity, OldtrxTimeMsec);
+                LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Older slot@ %d/%d age=%d", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity,
+                          OldtrxTimeMsec);
 #endif
            }
            // keep looking for oldest till entire array is checked
@@ -380,11 +393,13 @@ void PacketHistory::insert(const PacketRecord &r)

 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY
    if (tu->id == 0 && tu->sender == 0) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d is NEW", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity);
+        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d is NEW", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity);
    } else if (tu->id == r.id && tu->sender == r.sender) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d MATCHED, age=%d", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity, OldtrxTimeMsec);
+        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d MATCHED, age=%d", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity,
+                  OldtrxTimeMsec);
    } else {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d REUSE OLDEST, age=%d", tu - base, recentPacketsCapacity, OldtrxTimeMsec);
+        LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: slot@ %d/%d REUSE OLDEST, age=%d", tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity,
+                  OldtrxTimeMsec);
    }
 #endif

@@ -417,9 +432,9 @@ void PacketHistory::insert(const PacketRecord &r)
 #endif

 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY
-    LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Store slot@ %d/%d s=%08x id=%08x nh=%02x rby=%02x %02x %02x rxT=%d BEFORE", tu - base,
-              recentPacketsCapacity, tu->sender, tu->id, tu->next_hop, tu->relayed_by[0], tu->relayed_by[1], tu->relayed_by[2],
-              tu->rxTimeMsec);
+    LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Store slot@ %d/%d s=%08x id=%08x nh=%02x rby=%02x %02x %02x rxT=%d BEFORE",
+              tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity, tu->sender, tu->id, tu->next_hop, tu->relayed_by[0], tu->relayed_by[1],
+              tu->relayed_by[2], tu->rxTimeMsec);
 #endif

    if (r.rxTimeMsec == 0) {
@@ -439,16 +454,16 @@ void PacketHistory::insert(const PacketRecord &r)
    *tu = r; // store the packet

    if (!isMatchingSlot) {
-        hashInsert(r.sender, r.id, (uint16_t)(tu - base));
+        hashInsert(r.sender, r.id, (uint16_t)(tu - recentPackets));
    }
 #else
    *tu = r; // store the packet
 #endif

 #if VERBOSE_PACKET_HISTORY
-    LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Store slot@ %d/%d s=%08x id=%08x nh=%02x rby=%02x %02x %02x rxT=%d AFTER", tu - base,
-              recentPacketsCapacity, tu->sender, tu->id, tu->next_hop, tu->relayed_by[0], tu->relayed_by[1], tu->relayed_by[2],
-              tu->rxTimeMsec);
+    LOG_DEBUG("Packet History - insert: Store slot@ %d/%d s=%08x id=%08x nh=%02x rby=%02x %02x %02x rxT=%d AFTER",
+              tu - recentPackets, recentPacketsCapacity, tu->sender, tu->id, tu->next_hop, tu->relayed_by[0], tu->relayed_by[1],
+              tu->relayed_by[2], tu->rxTimeMsec);
 #endif
 }

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "NodeDB.h"
-#include <memory>

 // Number of relayers we keep track of. Use 6 to be efficient with memory alignment of PacketRecord to 20 bytes
 #define NUM_RELAYERS 6
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ class PacketHistory

    uint32_t recentPacketsCapacity =
        0; // Can be set in constructor, no need to recompile. Used to allocate memory for mx_recentPackets.
-    std::unique_ptr<PacketRecord[]> recentPackets; // Simple and fixed in size. Debloat.
+    PacketRecord *recentPackets = NULL; // Simple and fixed in size. Debloat.

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKT_HISTORY_HASH
    // Open-addressing hash table for O(1) lookup in find(), replacing the O(N) linear scan.
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class PacketHistory
    // The load factor invariant holds permanently: hashCapacity = 2 * nextPowerOf2(recentPacketsCapacity),
    // and at most recentPacketsCapacity entries can ever be live (one per recentPackets[] slot).
    static constexpr uint16_t HASH_EMPTY = 0xFFFF;
-    std::unique_ptr<uint16_t[]> hashIndex;
+    uint16_t *hashIndex = NULL;
    uint32_t hashCapacity = 0; // Always a power of 2
    uint32_t hashMask = 0;     // hashCapacity - 1, for fast modular indexing

@@ -65,8 +64,11 @@ class PacketHistory
    uint8_t getOurTxHopLimit(const PacketRecord &r);
    void setOurTxHopLimit(PacketRecord &r, uint8_t hopLimit);

+    PacketHistory(const PacketHistory &);            // non construction-copyable
+    PacketHistory &operator=(const PacketHistory &); // non copyable
  public:
    explicit PacketHistory(uint32_t size = -1); // Constructor with size parameter, default is PACKETHISTORY_MAX
+    ~PacketHistory();

    /**
     * Update recentBroadcasts and return true if we have already seen this packet
@@ -98,5 +100,5 @@ class PacketHistory
    void removeRelayer(const uint8_t relayer, const uint32_t id, const NodeNum sender);

    // To check if the PacketHistory was initialized correctly by constructor
-    bool initOk(void) { return recentPackets != nullptr && recentPacketsCapacity != 0; }
+    bool initOk(void) { return recentPackets != NULL && recentPacketsCapacity != 0; }
 };
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ bool RF95Interface::reconfigure()

    startReceive(); // restart receiving

-    return true;
+    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
 }

 /**
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "LR1110Interface.h"
 #include "LR1120Interface.h"
 #include "LR1121Interface.h"
-#include "LR2021Interface.h"
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@

 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
+#include "platform/portduino/SerialHal.h"
 #include "platform/portduino/SimRadio.h"
 #include "platform/portduino/USBHal.h"
 #endif
@@ -293,6 +293,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<RadioInterface> initLoRa()
              portduino_config.lora_spi_dev.c_str());
    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341") {
        RadioLibHAL = ch341Hal;
+    } else if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "serial") {
+        RadioLibHAL = new SerialHal(portduino_config.lora_serial_device, portduino_config.lora_serial_baud,
+                                    (uint32_t)portduino_config.lora_serial_timeout_ms);
    } else {
        if (RadioLibHAL != nullptr) {
            delete RadioLibHAL;
@@ -479,20 +482,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<RadioInterface> initLoRa()
    }
 #endif

-#if defined(USE_LR2021) && RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021 != 1
-    if (!rIf) {
-        rIf = std::unique_ptr<LR2021Interface>(
-            new LR2021Interface(loraHal, LR2021_SPI_NSS_PIN, LR2021_IRQ_PIN, LR2021_NRESET_PIN, LR2021_BUSY_PIN));
-        if (!rIf->init()) {
-            LOG_WARN("No LR2021 radio");
-            rIf = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            LOG_INFO("LR2021 init success");
-            radioType = LR2021_RADIO;
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-
 #if defined(USE_SX1280) && RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_SX128X != 1
    if (!rIf) {
        rIf = std::unique_ptr<SX1280Interface>(new SX1280Interface(loraHal, SX128X_CS, SX128X_DIO1, SX128X_RESET, SX128X_BUSY));
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ template <typename T> bool SX126xInterface<T>::reconfigure()

    startReceive(); // restart receiving

-    return true;
+    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
 }

 template <typename T> void SX126xInterface<T>::disableInterrupt()
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ template <typename T> bool SX128xInterface<T>::reconfigure()

    startReceive(); // restart receiving

-    return true;
+    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
 }

 template <typename T> void SX128xInterface<T>::disableInterrupt()
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+#include "mesh/SerialHalDevice.h"
+#include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "SPILock.h"
+#include "concurrency/Periodic.h"
+#include "configuration.h"
+#include "mesh/StreamAPI.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/config.pb.h"
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#if defined(HW_SPI1_DEVICE)
+extern SPIClass SPI1;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace
+{
+constexpr uint32_t SERIAL_PI_RISING = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t SERIAL_PI_FALLING = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t SERIAL_PI_INPUT = 0;
+constexpr uint32_t SERIAL_PI_OUTPUT = 1;
+constexpr size_t MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS = 8;
+constexpr int32_t INTERRUPT_POLL_MS = 5;
+
+struct InterruptSlot {
+    bool used = false;
+    uint32_t pin = 0;
+    uint32_t mode = 0;
+    volatile bool pending = false;
+};
+
+concurrency::Lock interruptMutex;
+InterruptSlot interruptSlots[MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS];
+StreamAPI *interruptStreamApi = nullptr;
+concurrency::Periodic *interruptEmitter = nullptr;
+
+int findSlotByPinLocked(uint32_t pin)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS; ++i) {
+        if (interruptSlots[i].used && interruptSlots[i].pin == pin) {
+            return (int)i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int allocateSlotLocked()
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS; ++i) {
+        if (!interruptSlots[i].used) {
+            return (int)i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO) || defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+PinStatus toInterruptMode(uint32_t serialMode)
+{
+    if (serialMode == SERIAL_PI_RISING) {
+        return PinStatus::RISING;
+    }
+    if (serialMode == SERIAL_PI_FALLING) {
+        return PinStatus::FALLING;
+    }
+    return PinStatus::CHANGE;
+}
+#else
+int toInterruptMode(uint32_t serialMode)
+{
+    if (serialMode == SERIAL_PI_RISING) {
+        return RISING;
+    }
+    if (serialMode == SERIAL_PI_FALLING) {
+        return FALLING;
+    }
+    return CHANGE;
+}
+#endif
+
+int32_t pumpInterruptEvents();
+
+void ensureInterruptEmitter()
+{
+    if (!interruptEmitter) {
+        interruptEmitter = new concurrency::Periodic("SerialHalIrqEmitter", pumpInterruptEvents);
+    }
+}
+
+void emitInterruptEvent(uint32_t pin, StreamAPI *streamApi)
+{
+    if (streamApi == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse event = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    event.transaction_id = 0; // asynchronous interrupt notification
+    event.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_OK;
+    event.value = pin; // host-side SerialHal treats value as interrupt pin
+    SerialHalDevice::emitResponse(event, streamApi);
+}
+
+void markPendingBySlot(uint8_t slot)
+{
+    if (slot < MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS && interruptSlots[slot].used) {
+        interruptSlots[slot].pending = true;
+    }
+}
+
+void isr0()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(0);
+}
+void isr1()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(1);
+}
+void isr2()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(2);
+}
+void isr3()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(3);
+}
+void isr4()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(4);
+}
+void isr5()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(5);
+}
+void isr6()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(6);
+}
+void isr7()
+{
+    markPendingBySlot(7);
+}
+
+void (*const isrTable[MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS])() = {isr0, isr1, isr2, isr3, isr4, isr5, isr6, isr7};
+
+int32_t pumpInterruptEvents()
+{
+    uint32_t toEmit[MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS] = {0};
+    size_t emitCount = 0;
+    StreamAPI *streamApi = nullptr;
+
+    {
+        concurrency::LockGuard lock(&interruptMutex);
+        streamApi = interruptStreamApi;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_INTERRUPT_SLOTS; ++i) {
+            if (interruptSlots[i].used && interruptSlots[i].pending) {
+                interruptSlots[i].pending = false;
+                toEmit[emitCount++] = interruptSlots[i].pin;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < emitCount; ++i) {
+        emitInterruptEvent(toEmit[i], streamApi);
+    }
+
+    return INTERRUPT_POLL_MS;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// Helper to safely set response result
+static inline void setResponseError(meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result result,
+                                    const char *error = nullptr)
+{
+    response.result = result;
+    if (error != nullptr) {
+        snprintf(response.error, sizeof(response.error), "%s", error);
+    }
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleCommand(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len, StreamAPI *streamApi)
+{
+    if (buf == nullptr || streamApi == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Validate role - SerialHal commands only handled when config.lora.serial_hal_only
+    if (!config.lora.serial_hal_only) {
+        meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+        response.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED;
+        snprintf(response.error, sizeof(response.error), "SerialHal not enabled for this role");
+        emitResponse(response, streamApi);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Decode the command
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    if (!pb_decode_from_bytes(buf, len, &meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_msg, &cmd)) {
+        meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+        response.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_BAD_REQUEST;
+        snprintf(response.error, sizeof(response.error), "Failed to decode SerialHalCommand");
+        emitResponse(response, streamApi);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Initialize response with matching transaction_id
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    response.transaction_id = cmd.transaction_id;
+    response.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_OK;
+
+    // Dispatch to operation handler
+    switch (cmd.type) {
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_PIN_MODE:
+        handlePinMode(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_WRITE:
+        handleDigitalWrite(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_READ:
+        handleDigitalRead(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_ATTACH_INTERRUPT:
+        handleAttachInterrupt(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DETACH_INTERRUPT:
+        handleDetachInterrupt(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_SPI_TRANSFER:
+        handleSpiTransfer(cmd, response);
+        break;
+    case meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_NOOP:
+        // NOOP: just return OK
+        break;
+    default:
+        response.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED;
+        snprintf(response.error, sizeof(response.error), "Unknown SerialHal operation type");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    emitResponse(response, streamApi);
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handlePinMode(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    // LOG_DEBUG("SerialHalDevice: pinMode pin=%u mode=%u", cmd.pin, cmd.mode);
+    if (cmd.mode == SERIAL_PI_INPUT) {
+        pinMode((int)cmd.pin, INPUT);
+    } else if (cmd.mode == SERIAL_PI_OUTPUT) {
+        pinMode((int)cmd.pin, OUTPUT);
+    } else {
+        setResponseError(response, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_BAD_REQUEST, "Unsupported pin mode");
+    }
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleDigitalWrite(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    // LOG_DEBUG("SerialHalDevice: digitalWrite pin=%u value=%u", cmd.pin, cmd.value);
+    digitalWrite((int)cmd.pin, cmd.value ? HIGH : LOW);
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleDigitalRead(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    // LOG_DEBUG("SerialHalDevice: digitalRead pin=%u", cmd.pin);
+    response.value = (uint32_t)digitalRead((int)cmd.pin);
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleAttachInterrupt(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    // LOG_DEBUG("SerialHalDevice: attachInterrupt pin=%u mode=%u", cmd.pin, cmd.mode);
+
+    ensureInterruptEmitter();
+
+    int slot = -1;
+    {
+        concurrency::LockGuard lock(&interruptMutex);
+        slot = findSlotByPinLocked(cmd.pin);
+        if (slot < 0) {
+            slot = allocateSlotLocked();
+        }
+
+        if (slot >= 0) {
+            interruptSlots[slot].used = true;
+            interruptSlots[slot].pin = cmd.pin;
+            interruptSlots[slot].mode = cmd.mode;
+            interruptSlots[slot].pending = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (slot < 0) {
+        setResponseError(response, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_ERROR, "No interrupt slots available");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ::attachInterrupt((int)cmd.pin, isrTable[slot], toInterruptMode(cmd.mode));
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleDetachInterrupt(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    // LOG_DEBUG("SerialHalDevice: detachInterrupt pin=%u", cmd.pin);
+
+    ::detachInterrupt((int)cmd.pin);
+
+    {
+        concurrency::LockGuard lock(&interruptMutex);
+        const int slot = findSlotByPinLocked(cmd.pin);
+        if (slot >= 0) {
+            interruptSlots[slot] = InterruptSlot{};
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::handleSpiTransfer(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response)
+{
+    if (cmd.data.size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+#if !ARCH_PORTDUINO
+    if (spiLock == nullptr) {
+        setResponseError(response, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_ERROR, "SPI lock not initialized");
+        return;
+    }
+
+#if defined(HW_SPI1_DEVICE)
+    SPIClass &spiBus = SPI1;
+#else
+    SPIClass &spiBus = SPI;
+#endif
+
+    response.data.size = cmd.data.size;
+
+    {
+        concurrency::LockGuard guard(spiLock);
+        spiBus.beginTransaction(SPISettings(4000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+        spiBus.transferBytes(cmd.data.bytes, response.data.bytes, cmd.data.size);
+#else
+        spiBus.transfer(cmd.data.bytes, response.data.bytes, cmd.data.size);
+#endif
+        spiBus.endTransaction();
+    }
+#else
+    // SPI wiring is board/radio-specific; keep this explicit for now.
+    response.result = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_UNSUPPORTED;
+    snprintf(response.error, sizeof(response.error), "SPI not supported on this platform");
+#endif
+}
+
+void SerialHalDevice::emitResponse(const meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response, StreamAPI *streamApi)
+{
+    if (streamApi == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Encode the response
+    uint8_t encoded[meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size] = {0};
+    const size_t responseLen =
+        pb_encode_to_bytes(encoded, sizeof(encoded), &meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_msg, static_cast<const void *>(&response));
+
+    if (responseLen == 0 || responseLen > 0xFFFF) {
+        LOG_ERROR("SerialHalDevice: Failed to encode response (len=%zu)", responseLen);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Build frame with StreamAPI framing: START1 SERIALHAL_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L [payload]
+    constexpr uint8_t START1 = 0x94;
+    constexpr uint8_t SERIALHAL_MAGIC = 0xA5;
+
+    uint8_t hdr[4];
+    hdr[0] = START1;
+    hdr[1] = SERIALHAL_MAGIC;
+    hdr[2] = (uint8_t)((responseLen >> 8) & 0xFF); // LEN_H
+    hdr[3] = (uint8_t)(responseLen & 0xFF);        // LEN_L
+
+    // Emit via StreamAPI (this uses the internal txBuf + framing)
+    streamApi->emitSerialHalResponse(hdr, sizeof(hdr), encoded, responseLen);
+
+    // Keep a recent stream instance so async interrupt events can be emitted.
+    {
+        concurrency::LockGuard lock(&interruptMutex);
+        interruptStreamApi = streamApi;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.h"
+#include <cstdint>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Device-side handler for SerialHal GPIO/SPI operations over StreamAPI framing.
+ *
+ * This module decodes SerialHalCommand protobufs received from a host and executes
+ * the requested GPIO (pinMode, digitalWrite, digitalRead, attach/detachInterrupt) or
+ * SPI operations, then returns results via SerialHalResponse.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *  1. Override StreamAPI::handleSerialHalCommand() in a subclass
+ *  2. Call SerialHalDevice::handleCommand(buf, len, streamApi)
+ *  3. SerialHalDevice will decode, execute, and emit the response
+ *
+ * The handler is only active when config.lora.serial_hal_only is true.
+ */
+
+class StreamAPI; // forward declaration
+
+class SerialHalDevice
+{
+  public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Process a SerialHalCommand and emit a response.
+     *
+     * Decodes the protobuf, validates the operation, executes it on the device,
+     * and writes the response back via the StreamAPI instance.
+     *
+     * @param buf     Pointer to the encoded SerialHalCommand protobuf payload (not including framing)
+     * @param len     Length of the encoded payload
+     * @param streamApi Pointer to the StreamAPI instance (used for emitting responses)
+     */
+    static void handleCommand(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len, StreamAPI *streamApi);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Emit a SerialHalResponse back to the host via StreamAPI framing.
+     *
+     * Encodes the response protobuf and sends it with proper framing (START1 SERIALHAL_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L payload).
+     *
+     * @param response The response to send
+     * @param streamApi Pointer to the StreamAPI instance
+     */
+    static void emitResponse(const meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response, StreamAPI *streamApi);
+
+  private:
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute a GPIO pinMode operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with PIN_MODE type
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result
+     */
+    static void handlePinMode(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute a GPIO digitalWrite operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with DIGITAL_WRITE type
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result
+     */
+    static void handleDigitalWrite(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute a GPIO digitalRead operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with DIGITAL_READ type
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result (value field contains read result)
+     */
+    static void handleDigitalRead(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute an attachInterrupt operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with ATTACH_INTERRUPT type
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result
+     */
+    static void handleAttachInterrupt(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute a detachInterrupt operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with DETACH_INTERRUPT type
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result
+     */
+    static void handleDetachInterrupt(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute an SPI transfer operation.
+     * @param cmd Decoded SerialHalCommand with SPI_TRANSFER type and data to send
+     * @param response Response object to fill with result (data field contains received bytes)
+     */
+    static void handleSpiTransfer(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse &response);
+};
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #include "StreamAPI.h"
 #include "PowerFSM.h"
 #include "RTC.h"
+#include "RedirectablePrint.h"
+#include "SerialHalDevice.h"
 #include "Throttle.h"
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #include "configuration.h"

 #define START1 0x94
 #define START2 0xc3
+#define SERIALHAL_MAGIC 0xa5 // second framing byte for SerialHal frames (START1 SH_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L PAYLOAD)
 #define HEADER_LEN 4

 int32_t StreamAPI::runOncePart()
@@ -79,18 +82,29 @@ int32_t StreamAPI::handleRecStream(const char *buf, uint16_t bufLen)
        if (ptr == 0) { // looking for START1
            if (c != START1)
                rxPtr = 0;     // failed to find framing
-        } else if (ptr == 1) { // looking for START2
-            if (c != START2)
-                rxPtr = 0;                             // failed to find framing
+        } else if (ptr == 1) { // discriminate frame type on second byte
+            if (c == START2) {
+                rxIsSerialHal = false; // standard ToRadio frame
+                serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
+            } else if (c == SERIALHAL_MAGIC) {
+                rxIsSerialHal = true; // SerialHal command frame
+                serialHalRxActive.store(true);
+                RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(true);
+            } else {
+                rxPtr = 0; // unrecognised second byte — not our frame
+                serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
+            }
        } else if (ptr >= HEADER_LEN - 1) {            // we have at least read our 4 byte framing
            uint32_t len = (rxBuf[2] << 8) + rxBuf[3]; // big endian 16 bit length follows framing

            // console->printf("len %d\n", len);

            if (ptr == HEADER_LEN - 1) {
-                // we _just_ finished our 4 byte header, validate length now (note: a length of zero is a valid
-                // protobuf also)
-                if (len > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE)
+                // we _just_ finished our 4 byte header, validate length now
+                uint32_t maxLen = rxIsSerialHal ? (uint32_t)meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size : MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE;
+                if (len > maxLen)
                    rxPtr = 0; // length is bogus, restart search for framing
            }

@@ -98,8 +112,16 @@ int32_t StreamAPI::handleRecStream(const char *buf, uint16_t bufLen)
                if (ptr + 1 >= len + HEADER_LEN) { // have we received all of the payload?
                    rxPtr = 0;                     // start over again on the next packet

-                    // If we didn't just fail the packet and we now have the right # of bytes, parse it
-                    handleToRadio(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+                    // Dispatch based on which frame type we identified at byte 1
+                    if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                        handleSerialHalCommand(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+                    else
+                        handleToRadio(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+
+                    if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                        serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                    if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                        RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
                }
        }
    }
@@ -114,7 +136,12 @@ int32_t StreamAPI::readStream()
    if (!stream->available()) {
        // Nothing available this time, if the computer has talked to us recently, poll often, otherwise let CPU sleep a long time
        bool recentRx = Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastRxMsec, 2000);
-        return recentRx ? 5 : 250;
+        if (!recentRx)
+            return 250; // Sleep a long time if we haven't heard from the computer in a while
+        if (serialHalRxActive.load())
+            return 0; // If we are in the middle of a SerialHal transaction, don't sleep at all because we want to be as
+                      // responsive as possible to incoming SerialHal bytes
+        return 5;     // Otherwise, poll frequently for new data
    } else {
        while (stream->available()) { // Currently we never want to block
            int cInt = stream->read();
@@ -135,18 +162,30 @@ int32_t StreamAPI::readStream()
            if (ptr == 0) { // looking for START1
                if (c != START1)
                    rxPtr = 0;     // failed to find framing
-            } else if (ptr == 1) { // looking for START2
-                if (c != START2)
-                    rxPtr = 0;                             // failed to find framing
+            } else if (ptr == 1) { // discriminate frame type on second byte
+                if (c == START2) {
+                    rxIsSerialHal = false; // standard ToRadio frame
+                    serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                    RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
+                } else if (c == SERIALHAL_MAGIC) {
+                    rxIsSerialHal = true; // SerialHal command frame
+                    serialHalRxActive.store(true);
+                    RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(true);
+                    LOG_WARN("StreamAPI: Detected SerialHal command frame");
+                } else {
+                    rxPtr = 0; // unrecognised second byte — not our frame
+                    serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                    RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
+                }
            } else if (ptr >= HEADER_LEN - 1) {            // we have at least read our 4 byte framing
                uint32_t len = (rxBuf[2] << 8) + rxBuf[3]; // big endian 16 bit length follows framing

                // console->printf("len %d\n", len);

                if (ptr == HEADER_LEN - 1) {
-                    // we _just_ finished our 4 byte header, validate length now (note: a length of zero is a valid
-                    // protobuf also)
-                    if (len > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE)
+                    // we _just_ finished our 4 byte header, validate length now
+                    uint32_t maxLen = rxIsSerialHal ? (uint32_t)meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size : MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE;
+                    if (len > maxLen)
                        rxPtr = 0; // length is bogus, restart search for framing
                }

@@ -154,8 +193,16 @@ int32_t StreamAPI::readStream()
                    if (ptr + 1 >= len + HEADER_LEN) { // have we received all of the payload?
                        rxPtr = 0;                     // start over again on the next packet

-                        // If we didn't just fail the packet and we now have the right # of bytes, parse it
-                        handleToRadio(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+                        // Dispatch based on which frame type we identified at byte 1
+                        if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                            handleSerialHalCommand(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+                        else
+                            handleToRadio(rxBuf + HEADER_LEN, len);
+
+                        if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                            serialHalRxActive.store(false);
+                        if (rxIsSerialHal)
+                            RedirectablePrint::setSerialHalLogSuppressed(false);
                    }
            }
        }
@@ -199,6 +246,10 @@ void StreamAPI::emitRebooted()

 void StreamAPI::emitLogRecord(meshtastic_LogRecord_Level level, const char *src, const char *format, va_list arg)
 {
+    if (serialHalRxActive.load()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
    // IMPORTANT: do NOT touch `fromRadioScratch` or `txBuf` here — those
    // belong to the main packet-emission path and a LOG_ firing during
    // `writeStream()` would corrupt an in-flight encode. We keep a
@@ -249,4 +300,31 @@ void StreamAPI::onConnectionChanged(bool connected)
        // received a packet in a while
        powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_SERIAL_DISCONNECTED);
    }
+}
+
+void StreamAPI::handleSerialHalCommand(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
+{
+    // Default implementation: dispatch to SerialHalDevice for GPIO/SPI handling
+    SerialHalDevice::handleCommand(buf, len, this);
+}
+
+void StreamAPI::emitSerialHalResponse(const uint8_t *hdr, size_t hdrLen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadLen)
+{
+    if (hdr == nullptr || hdrLen != 4 || payload == nullptr || payloadLen > meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size) {
+        LOG_ERROR("StreamAPI: Invalid SerialHal response parameters");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Build complete frame in a temporary buffer
+    uint8_t frame[4 + meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size];
+    memcpy(frame, hdr, hdrLen);
+    memcpy(frame + hdrLen, payload, payloadLen);
+
+    size_t totalLen = hdrLen + payloadLen;
+
+    // Serialize stream writes against other emit operations via streamLock
+    concurrency::LockGuard guard(&streamLock);
+    stream->write(frame, totalLen);
+    stream->flush();
+    LOG_WARN("StreamAPI: Emitted SerialHal response frame (len=%zu)", totalLen);
 }
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
 #include "Stream.h"
 #include "concurrency/Lock.h"
 #include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
+#include "generated/meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.h"
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstdarg>

-// A To/FromRadio packet + our 32 bit header
-#define MAX_STREAM_BUF_SIZE (MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE + sizeof(uint32_t))
+// Buffer sized for the larger of a full ToRadio/FromRadio payload or a full SerialHalCommand payload, plus header.
+#define MAX_STREAM_PAYLOAD_SIZE                                                                                                  \
+    (MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE > (int)meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size ? MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE                                     \
+                                                                    : (int)meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size)
+#define MAX_STREAM_BUF_SIZE (MAX_STREAM_PAYLOAD_SIZE + (int)sizeof(uint32_t))

 /**
 * A version of our 'phone' API that talks over a Stream.  So therefore well suited to use with serial links
@@ -39,6 +44,8 @@ class StreamAPI : public PhoneAPI

    uint8_t rxBuf[MAX_STREAM_BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    size_t rxPtr = 0;
+    bool rxIsSerialHal = false; ///< true when the current in-progress frame is a SerialHal frame (START1 SH_MAGIC ...)
+    std::atomic<bool> serialHalRxActive{false};

    /// time of last rx, used, to slow down our polling if we haven't heard from anyone
    uint32_t lastRxMsec = 0;
@@ -56,6 +63,17 @@ class StreamAPI : public PhoneAPI
    /// Check the current underlying physical link to see if the client is currently connected
    virtual bool checkIsConnected() override = 0;

+    /**
+     * Emit a SerialHal response frame with proper framing (START1 SERIALHAL_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L payload).
+     * Called by SerialHalDevice to send responses back to the host.
+     *
+     * @param hdr     4-byte header (START1 SERIALHAL_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L)
+     * @param hdrLen  Length of header (should be 4)
+     * @param payload Encoded SerialHalResponse protobuf payload
+     * @param payloadLen Length of payload
+     */
+    void emitSerialHalResponse(const uint8_t *hdr, size_t hdrLen, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payloadLen);
+
  private:
    /**
     * Read any rx chars from the link and call handleToRadio
@@ -75,6 +93,12 @@ class StreamAPI : public PhoneAPI
     */
    void emitRebooted();

+    /**
+     * Called when a complete SerialHal-framed packet has been received.
+     * Default implementation dispatches to SerialHalDevice for GPIO/SPI handling.
+     */
+    virtual void handleSerialHalCommand(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+
    virtual void onConnectionChanged(bool connected) override;

    /**
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ void StoreForwardModule::populatePSRAM()
        (this->records ? this->records : (((memGet.getFreePsram() / 4) * 3) / sizeof(PacketHistoryStruct)));
    this->records = numberOfPackets;
 #if defined(ARCH_ESP32)
-    this->packetHistory.reset(static_cast<PacketHistoryStruct *>(ps_calloc(numberOfPackets, sizeof(PacketHistoryStruct))));
+    this->packetHistory = static_cast<PacketHistoryStruct *>(ps_calloc(numberOfPackets, sizeof(PacketHistoryStruct)));
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
-    this->packetHistory.reset(static_cast<PacketHistoryStruct *>(calloc(numberOfPackets, sizeof(PacketHistoryStruct))));
+    this->packetHistory = static_cast<PacketHistoryStruct *>(calloc(numberOfPackets, sizeof(PacketHistoryStruct)));

 #endif

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include <functional>
-#include <memory>
 #include <unordered_map>

 struct PacketHistoryStruct {
@@ -30,17 +29,11 @@ struct PacketHistoryStruct {

 class StoreForwardModule : private concurrency::OSThread, public ProtobufModule<meshtastic_StoreAndForward>
 {
-    // packetHistory is allocated with ps_calloc / calloc, so it must be released with free(),
-    // not delete[].
-    struct CFreeDeleter {
-        void operator()(PacketHistoryStruct *p) const noexcept { free(p); }
-    };
-
    bool busy = 0;
    uint32_t busyTo = 0;
    char routerMessage[meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN] = {0};

-    std::unique_ptr<PacketHistoryStruct[], CFreeDeleter> packetHistory;
+    PacketHistoryStruct *packetHistory = 0;
    uint32_t packetHistoryTotalCount = 0;
    uint32_t last_time = 0;
    uint32_t requestCount = 0;
@@ -16,28 +16,10 @@ int32_t INA3221Sensor::runOnce()
        return DEFAULT_SENSOR_MINIMUM_WAIT_TIME_BETWEEN_READS;
    }
    if (!status) {
-        // Re-initialise with the address and Wire bus from the telemetry sensors map.
-        // (Rob Tillaart INA3221_RT takes address + TwoWire*, unlike sgtwilko which took Wire in begin().)
-        ina3221 = INA3221(nodeTelemetrySensorsMap[sensorType].first, nodeTelemetrySensorsMap[sensorType].second);
-        status = ina3221.begin();
-        if (status) {
-            // Default all three channels to a 0.1 Ω shunt resistor.
-            // Override per-variant by defining INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH1/CH2/CH3 (in Ohms) in variant.h.
-#ifndef INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH1
-#define INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH1 0.1f
-#endif
-#ifndef INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH2
-#define INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH2 0.1f
-#endif
-#ifndef INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH3
-#define INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH3 0.1f
-#endif
-            ina3221.setShuntR(0, INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH1);
-            ina3221.setShuntR(1, INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH2);
-            ina3221.setShuntR(2, INA3221_SHUNT_R_CH3);
-        }
+        ina3221.begin(nodeTelemetrySensorsMap[sensorType].second);
+        ina3221.setShuntRes(100, 100, 100); // 0.1 Ohm shunt resistors
+        status = true;
    } else {
-        // Already initialised; status stays true and initI2CSensor() returns next poll interval.
        status = true;
    }
    return initI2CSensor();
@@ -45,14 +27,12 @@ int32_t INA3221Sensor::runOnce()

 void INA3221Sensor::setup() {}

-struct _INA3221Measurement INA3221Sensor::getMeasurement(uint8_t ch)
+struct _INA3221Measurement INA3221Sensor::getMeasurement(ina3221_ch_t ch)
 {
    struct _INA3221Measurement measurement;

-    measurement.voltage = ina3221.getBusVoltage(ch); // Volts
-    // getCurrent_mA() is used instead of getCurrent() because Rob Tillaart's getCurrent()
-    // returns Amperes; the telemetry proto and VoltageSensor/CurrentSensor interfaces expect mA.
-    measurement.current = ina3221.getCurrent_mA(ch); // milliAmps
+    measurement.voltage = ina3221.getVoltage(ch);
+    measurement.current = ina3221.getCurrent(ch);

    return measurement;
 }
@@ -63,7 +43,7 @@ struct _INA3221Measurements INA3221Sensor::getMeasurements()

    // INA3221 has 3 channels starting from 0
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-        measurements.measurements[i] = getMeasurement((uint8_t)i);
+        measurements.measurements[i] = getMeasurement((ina3221_ch_t)i);
    }

    return measurements;
@@ -107,41 +87,24 @@ bool INA3221Sensor::getPowerMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
    measurement->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_voltage = true;
    measurement->variant.power_metrics.has_ch3_current = true;

-    // INA3221 channel indices are zero-based (0=CH1, 1=CH2, 2=CH3).
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch1_voltage = m.measurements[0].voltage;
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch1_current = m.measurements[0].current;
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch2_voltage = m.measurements[1].voltage;
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch2_current = m.measurements[1].current;
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch3_voltage = m.measurements[2].voltage;
-    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch3_current = m.measurements[2].current;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch1_voltage = m.measurements[INA3221_CH1].voltage;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch1_current = m.measurements[INA3221_CH1].current;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch2_voltage = m.measurements[INA3221_CH2].voltage;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch2_current = m.measurements[INA3221_CH2].current;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch3_voltage = m.measurements[INA3221_CH3].voltage;
+    measurement->variant.power_metrics.ch3_current = m.measurements[INA3221_CH3].current;

    return true;
 }

 uint16_t INA3221Sensor::getBusVoltageMv()
 {
-    return lround(ina3221.getBusVoltage_mV(BAT_CH));
+    return lround(ina3221.getVoltage(BAT_CH) * 1000);
 }

 int16_t INA3221Sensor::getCurrentMa()
 {
-    return lround(ina3221.getCurrent_mA(BAT_CH));
-}
-
-// Bus voltage register (0x02 + ch*2): bits [15:3] unsigned, 1 LSB = 8 mV (datasheet p.6).
-// Voltage raw units: 1 count = 8 mV, so V_mV = raw * 8.
-int16_t INA3221Sensor::getRawBusVoltage(uint8_t ch)
-{
-    return (int16_t)(ina3221.getRegister(0x02 + ch * 2) >> 3);
-}
-
-// Shunt voltage register (0x01 + ch*2): bits [15:3] signed two's complement, 1 LSB = 40 µV (datasheet p.6).
-// Current raw units are shunt-voltage counts: 1 count = 40 uV, signed.
-// I_mA = (raw * 40 uV) / R_mOhm, because uV / mOhm = mA.
-// Example for 100 mOhm shunt: I_mA = raw * 40 / 100 = raw * 0.4.
-int16_t INA3221Sensor::getRawShuntCurrent(uint8_t ch)
-{
-    return (int16_t)(ina3221.getRegister(0x01 + ch * 2) >> 3);
+    return lround(ina3221.getCurrent(BAT_CH));
 }

 #endif
@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-// INA3221 channel aliases (zero-based: 0 = CH1, 1 = CH2, 2 = CH3).
-// Defined before configuration.h so variant.h can use them in INA3221_ENV_CH / INA3221_BAT_CH.
-#define INA3221_CH1 0
-#define INA3221_CH2 1
-#define INA3221_CH3 2
-
 #include "configuration.h"

 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<INA3221.h>)
@@ -15,29 +9,26 @@
 #include <INA3221.h>

 #ifndef INA3221_ENV_CH
-#define INA3221_ENV_CH INA3221_CH1 // channel to report in environment metrics (default: CH1)
+#define INA3221_ENV_CH INA3221_CH1
 #endif

 #ifndef INA3221_BAT_CH
-#define INA3221_BAT_CH INA3221_CH1 // channel for device_battery_ina_address (default: CH1)
+#define INA3221_BAT_CH INA3221_CH1
 #endif

 class INA3221Sensor : public TelemetrySensor, VoltageSensor, CurrentSensor
 {
  private:
-    // Placeholder constructor; re-initialised with correct address and Wire in runOnce().
-    INA3221 ina3221 = INA3221(INA3221_ADDR);
+    INA3221 ina3221 = INA3221(INA3221_ADDR42_SDA);

    // channel to report voltage/current for environment metrics
-    static const uint8_t ENV_CH = INA3221_ENV_CH;
-    static_assert(INA3221_ENV_CH >= 0 && INA3221_ENV_CH <= 2, "INA3221_ENV_CH must be 0, 1, or 2");
+    static const ina3221_ch_t ENV_CH = INA3221_ENV_CH;

    // channel to report battery voltage for device_battery_ina_address
-    static const uint8_t BAT_CH = INA3221_BAT_CH;
-    static_assert(INA3221_BAT_CH >= 0 && INA3221_BAT_CH <= 2, "INA3221_BAT_CH must be 0, 1, or 2");
+    static const ina3221_ch_t BAT_CH = INA3221_BAT_CH;

    // get a single measurement for a channel
-    struct _INA3221Measurement getMeasurement(uint8_t ch);
+    struct _INA3221Measurement getMeasurement(ina3221_ch_t ch);

    // get all measurements for all channels
    struct _INA3221Measurements getMeasurements();
@@ -54,10 +45,6 @@ class INA3221Sensor : public TelemetrySensor, VoltageSensor, CurrentSensor
    bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
    virtual uint16_t getBusVoltageMv() override;
    virtual int16_t getCurrentMa() override;
-
-    // Raw register reads (bits [15:3] right-shifted), no conversion applied.
-    int16_t getRawBusVoltage(uint8_t ch);
-    int16_t getRawShuntCurrent(uint8_t ch);
 };

 struct _INA3221Measurement {
@@ -409,9 +409,6 @@ void MQTT::onReceive(char *topic, byte *payload, size_t length)

 void mqttInit()
 {
-    if (!moduleConfig.mqtt.enabled)
-        return;
-
    new MQTT();
 }

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <map>
-#include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
@@ -302,9 +301,10 @@ void portduinoSetup()
        // Try CH341
        try {
            std::cout << "autoconf: Looking for CH341 device..." << std::endl;
-            auto probe = std::unique_ptr<Ch341Hal>(new Ch341Hal(0, portduino_config.lora_usb_serial_num,
-                                                                portduino_config.lora_usb_vid, portduino_config.lora_usb_pid));
-            probe->getProductString(autoconf_product, 95);
+            ch341Hal = new Ch341Hal(0, portduino_config.lora_usb_serial_num, portduino_config.lora_usb_vid,
+                                    portduino_config.lora_usb_pid);
+            ch341Hal->getProductString(autoconf_product, 95);
+            delete ch341Hal;
            std::cout << "autoconf: Found CH341 device " << autoconf_product << std::endl;

            found_ch341 = true;
@@ -598,7 +598,8 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    for (const auto *i : portduino_config.all_pins) {
        // In the case of a ch341 Lora device, we don't want to touch the system GPIO lines for Lora
        // Those GPIO are handled in our usermode driver instead.
-        if (i->config_section == "Lora" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341") {
+        if (i->config_section == "Lora" &&
+            (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341" || portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "serial")) {
            continue;
        }
        if (i->enabled) {
@@ -617,7 +618,8 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    for (auto i : portduino_config.extra_pins) {
        // In the case of a ch341 Lora device, we don't want to touch the system GPIO lines for Lora
        // Those GPIO are handled in our usermode driver instead.
-        if (i.config_section == "Lora" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341") {
+        if (i.config_section == "Lora" &&
+            (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341" || portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "serial")) {
            continue;
        }
        if (i.enabled) {
@@ -664,7 +666,8 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    for (auto i : portduino_config.extra_pins) {
        // In the case of a ch341 Lora device, we don't want to touch the system GPIO lines for Lora
        // Those GPIO are handled in our usermode driver instead.
-        if (i.config_section == "Lora" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341") {
+        if (i.config_section == "Lora" &&
+            (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "ch341" || portduino_config.lora_spi_dev == "serial")) {
            continue;
        }
        if (i.enabled && i.default_high) {
@@ -674,7 +677,8 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    }

    // Only initialize the radio pins when dealing with real, kernel controlled SPI hardware
-    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "ch341") {
+    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "ch341" &&
+        portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "serial") {
        SPI.begin(portduino_config.lora_spi_dev.c_str());
    }

@@ -708,6 +712,7 @@ void portduinoSetup()
    }
    if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "") {
        portduinoSetOptions({.realHardware = true});
+        LOG_DEBUG("Running with real hardware SPI device %s", portduino_config.lora_spi_dev.c_str());
    }
    return;
 }
@@ -844,12 +849,15 @@ bool loadConfig(const char *configPath)
            }

            portduino_config.spiSpeed = yamlConfig["Lora"]["spiSpeed"].as<int>(2000000);
+            portduino_config.lora_serial_device = yamlConfig["Lora"]["SerialDevice"].as<std::string>("");
+            portduino_config.lora_serial_baud = yamlConfig["Lora"]["SerialBaud"].as<int>(115200);
+            portduino_config.lora_serial_timeout_ms = yamlConfig["Lora"]["SerialTimeoutMs"].as<int>(500);
            portduino_config.lora_usb_serial_num = yamlConfig["Lora"]["USB_Serialnum"].as<std::string>("");
            portduino_config.lora_usb_pid = yamlConfig["Lora"]["USB_PID"].as<int>(0x5512);
            portduino_config.lora_usb_vid = yamlConfig["Lora"]["USB_VID"].as<int>(0x1A86);

            portduino_config.lora_spi_dev = yamlConfig["Lora"]["spidev"].as<std::string>("spidev0.0");
-            if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "ch341") {
+            if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "ch341" && portduino_config.lora_spi_dev != "serial") {
                portduino_config.lora_spi_dev = "/dev/" + portduino_config.lora_spi_dev;
                if (portduino_config.lora_spi_dev.length() == 14) {
                    int x = portduino_config.lora_spi_dev.at(11) - '0';
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ extern struct portduino_config_struct {
    bool has_device_id = false;
    uint8_t device_id[16] = {0};
    std::string lora_spi_dev = "";
+    std::string lora_serial_device = "";
+    int lora_serial_baud = 115200;
+    int lora_serial_timeout_ms = 500;
    std::string lora_usb_serial_num = "";
    int lora_spi_dev_int = 0;
    int lora_default_gpiochip = 0;
@@ -276,6 +279,12 @@ extern struct portduino_config_struct {
        }
        if (lora_usb_serial_num != "")
            out << YAML::Key << "USB_Serialnum" << YAML::Value << lora_usb_serial_num;
+        if (lora_serial_device != "")
+            out << YAML::Key << "SerialDevice" << YAML::Value << lora_serial_device;
+        if (lora_serial_baud != 115200)
+            out << YAML::Key << "SerialBaud" << YAML::Value << lora_serial_baud;
+        if (lora_serial_timeout_ms != 500)
+            out << YAML::Key << "SerialTimeoutMs" << YAML::Value << lora_serial_timeout_ms;
        if (spiSpeed != 2000000)
            out << YAML::Key << "spiSpeed" << YAML::Value << spiSpeed;
        if (rfswitch_dio_pins[0] != RADIOLIB_NC) {
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+#include "platform/portduino/SerialHal.h"
+
+#include "mesh/mesh-pb-constants.h"
+#include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace
+{
+constexpr uint8_t START1 = 0x94;
+constexpr uint8_t SERIALHAL_MAGIC = 0xA5;
+constexpr size_t HEADER_SIZE = 4; // START1 + SERIALHAL_MAGIC + LEN_H + LEN_L
+constexpr uint8_t START2 = 0xC3;  // second byte of a normal FromRadio frame
+
+speed_t toTermiosBaud(uint32_t baud)
+{
+    switch (baud) {
+    case 9600:
+        return B9600;
+    case 19200:
+        return B19200;
+    case 38400:
+        return B38400;
+    case 57600:
+        return B57600;
+    case 115200:
+        return B115200;
+    case 230400:
+        return B230400;
+    case 460800:
+        return B460800;
+    case 921600:
+        return B921600;
+    default:
+        return B115200;
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+SerialHal::SerialHal(const std::string &devicePath, uint32_t baudRate, uint32_t opTimeoutMs)
+    : RadioLibHal(SERIAL_PI_INPUT, SERIAL_PI_OUTPUT, SERIAL_PI_LOW, SERIAL_PI_HIGH, SERIAL_PI_RISING, SERIAL_PI_FALLING),
+      device(devicePath), baud(baudRate), timeoutMs(opTimeoutMs)
+{
+    if (!openPort()) {
+        setTransportError("unable to open serial device");
+    }
+}
+
+SerialHal::~SerialHal()
+{
+    closePort();
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::openPort()
+{
+    closePort();
+    fd = ::open(device.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_SYNC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    termios tty = {};
+    if (tcgetattr(fd, &tty) != 0) {
+        closePort();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    cfsetospeed(&tty, toTermiosBaud(baud));
+    cfsetispeed(&tty, toTermiosBaud(baud));
+
+    tty.c_cflag = (tty.c_cflag & ~CSIZE) | CS8;
+    tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
+    tty.c_lflag = 0;
+    tty.c_oflag = 0;
+    tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
+    tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+    tty.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD);
+    tty.c_cflag &= ~(PARENB | PARODD);
+    tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
+    tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
+
+    if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tty) != 0) {
+        closePort();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
+    inError = false;
+    startReaderThread();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::closePort()
+{
+    stopReaderThread();
+    if (fd >= 0) {
+        ::close(fd);
+        fd = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+void SerialHal::setTransportError(const char *msg)
+{
+    if (!inError.load() || !hasWarned) {
+        LOG_ERROR("SerialHal: %s (%s)", msg, device.c_str());
+    }
+    inError = true;
+    hasWarned = true;
+    portduino_status.LoRa_in_error = true;
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::waitForReadable(int timeout)
+{
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    pollfd pfd = {};
+    pfd.fd = fd;
+    pfd.events = POLLIN;
+    int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout);
+    return ret > 0 && (pfd.revents & POLLIN);
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::writeAll(const uint8_t *data, size_t len)
+{
+    size_t off = 0;
+    while (off < len) {
+        ssize_t rc = ::write(fd, data + off, len - off);
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        off += (size_t)rc;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::readExact(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
+{
+    size_t off = 0;
+    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    while (off < len) {
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        int elapsed = (int)std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start).count();
+        int remaining = (int)timeoutMs - elapsed;
+        if (remaining <= 0 || !waitForReadable(remaining)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ssize_t rc = ::read(fd, data + off, len - off);
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rc == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        off += (size_t)rc;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint16_t SerialHal::crc16(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) const
+{
+    uint16_t crc = 0xFFFF;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        crc ^= ((uint16_t)data[i] << 8);
+        for (int bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
+            if (crc & 0x8000) {
+                crc = (uint16_t)((crc << 1) ^ 0x1021);
+            } else {
+                crc = (uint16_t)(crc << 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return crc;
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::sendRequest(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse *response)
+{
+    if (fd < 0 && !openPort()) {
+        setTransportError("serial open failed");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t encoded[meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_size] = {0};
+    const size_t payloadLen =
+        pb_encode_to_bytes(encoded, sizeof(encoded), &meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_msg, static_cast<const void *>(&cmd));
+    if (payloadLen == 0 || payloadLen > 0xFFFF) {
+        setTransportError("serial command encode failed");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Build frame with StreamAPI canonical framing: START1 SERIALHAL_MAGIC LEN_H LEN_L [payload]
+    std::vector<uint8_t> frame;
+    frame.resize(HEADER_SIZE + payloadLen);
+
+    frame[0] = START1;
+    frame[1] = SERIALHAL_MAGIC;
+    frame[2] = (uint8_t)((payloadLen >> 8) & 0xFF); // LEN_H (big-endian)
+    frame[3] = (uint8_t)(payloadLen & 0xFF);        // LEN_L
+    memcpy(frame.data() + HEADER_SIZE, encoded, payloadLen);
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> writeGuard(writeMutex);
+        if (!writeAll(frame.data(), frame.size())) {
+            setTransportError("serial write failed");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse got = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+        const auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(timeoutMs);
+        const bool arrived = responseCv.wait_for(lock, timeout, [&]() { return pendingResponses.count(cmd.transaction_id) > 0; });
+        if (!arrived) {
+            setTransportError("serial response timeout");
+            LOG_WARN("SerialHal: response timeout for transaction_id %u, cmd type %u", cmd.transaction_id, cmd.type);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        got = pendingResponses[cmd.transaction_id];
+        pendingResponses.erase(cmd.transaction_id);
+    }
+
+    if (got.result != meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_Result_OK) {
+        setTransportError("serial response reported error");
+        LOG_WARN("SerialHal: response error: %s, %u, %u", got.error, cmd.type, cmd.data.size);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (response != nullptr) {
+        *response = got;
+    }
+
+    inError = false;
+    hasWarned = false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::pinMode(uint32_t pin, uint32_t mode)
+{
+    if (checkError() || pin == RADIOLIB_NC) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_PIN_MODE;
+    cmd.pin = pin;
+    cmd.mode = mode;
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    sendRequest(cmd, &response);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::digitalWrite(uint32_t pin, uint32_t value)
+{
+    if (checkError() || pin == RADIOLIB_NC) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_WRITE;
+    cmd.pin = pin;
+    cmd.value = value;
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    sendRequest(cmd, &response);
+}
+
+uint32_t SerialHal::digitalRead(uint32_t pin)
+{
+    if (checkError() || pin == RADIOLIB_NC) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DIGITAL_READ;
+    cmd.pin = pin;
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    if (!sendRequest(cmd, &response)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return response.value;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::attachInterrupt(uint32_t interruptNum, void (*interruptCb)(void), uint32_t mode)
+{
+    if (checkError() || interruptNum == RADIOLIB_NC) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+        interruptCallbacks[interruptNum] = interruptCb;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_ATTACH_INTERRUPT;
+    cmd.pin = interruptNum;
+    cmd.mode = mode;
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    sendRequest(cmd, &response);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::detachInterrupt(uint32_t interruptNum)
+{
+    if (checkError() || interruptNum == RADIOLIB_NC) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+        interruptCallbacks.erase(interruptNum);
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_DETACH_INTERRUPT;
+    cmd.pin = interruptNum;
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    sendRequest(cmd, &response);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::delay(unsigned long ms)
+{
+    delayMicroseconds(ms * 1000);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::delayMicroseconds(unsigned long us)
+{
+    if (us == 0) {
+        sched_yield();
+        return;
+    }
+    usleep(us);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::yield()
+{
+    sched_yield();
+}
+
+unsigned long SerialHal::millis()
+{
+    struct timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
+    return (tv.tv_sec * 1000ULL) + (tv.tv_usec / 1000ULL);
+}
+
+unsigned long SerialHal::micros()
+{
+    struct timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
+    return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000ULL) + tv.tv_usec;
+}
+
+long SerialHal::pulseIn(uint32_t pin, uint32_t state, unsigned long timeout)
+{
+    (void)pin;
+    (void)state;
+    (void)timeout;
+    LOG_WARN("SerialHal pulseIn is not supported");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::spiTransfer(uint8_t *out, size_t len, uint8_t *in)
+{
+    if (checkError()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (len == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalCommand cmd = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_init_zero;
+    cmd.transaction_id = txId.fetch_add(1);
+    cmd.type = meshtastic_SerialHalCommand_Type_SPI_TRANSFER;
+
+    const size_t maxTx = sizeof(cmd.data.bytes);
+    const size_t txLen = len < maxTx ? len : maxTx;
+    cmd.data.size = txLen;
+    if (out != nullptr) {
+        memcpy(cmd.data.bytes, out, txLen);
+    } else {
+        memset(cmd.data.bytes, 0, txLen);
+    }
+
+    meshtastic_SerialHalResponse response = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+    if (!sendRequest(cmd, &response)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (in != nullptr) {
+        size_t copyLen = response.data.size < len ? response.data.size : len;
+        memcpy(in, response.data.bytes, copyLen);
+        if (copyLen < len) {
+            memset(in + copyLen, 0, len - copyLen);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::checkError()
+{
+    if (inError.load()) {
+        if (!hasWarned) {
+            LOG_ERROR("SerialHal in_error detected");
+            hasWarned = true;
+        }
+        portduino_status.LoRa_in_error = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+    hasWarned = false;
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool SerialHal::readFrame(std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, int firstByteTimeoutMs)
+{
+    payload.clear();
+
+    // Loop so that normal FromRadio frames (START1 START2 ...) emitted by the
+    // device on the same serial port are drained and discarded rather than
+    // causing the byte stream to desync.
+    for (;;) {
+        uint8_t hdr[HEADER_SIZE] = {0};
+        for (;;) {
+
+            ssize_t rc = ::read(fd, &hdr[0], 1);
+            if (rc < 0) {
+                if (errno == EINTR) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (rc == 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (hdr[0] == START1) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!readExact(hdr + 1, HEADER_SIZE - 1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const uint16_t len = ((uint16_t)hdr[2] << 8) | (uint16_t)hdr[3];
+
+        if (hdr[1] == SERIALHAL_MAGIC) {
+            // SerialHal response frame — this is what we want.
+            if (len > meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_size) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            payload.resize(len);
+            if (len > 0 && !readExact(payload.data(), len)) {
+                payload.clear();
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        } else if (hdr[1] == START2) {
+            // Normal FromRadio frame emitted by the device — drain and discard
+            // its payload so we stay in sync, then loop to find a SerialHal frame.
+            if (len > 0) {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> discard(len);
+                if (!readExact(discard.data(), len)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            // continue looping, look for next frame
+        } else {
+            // Unknown second byte after START1 — restart search for framing.
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void SerialHal::readerLoop()
+{
+    readerRunning = true;
+    while (!readerStopRequested.load()) {
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!waitForReadable(100)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
+        if (!readFrame(payload, 40)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        meshtastic_SerialHalResponse resp = meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_init_zero;
+        if (payload.empty() || !pb_decode_from_bytes(payload.data(), payload.size(), &meshtastic_SerialHalResponse_msg, &resp)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (resp.transaction_id == 0) {
+            LOG_WARN("SerialHal: received unsolicited interrupt event: pin=%u", resp.value);
+            // transaction_id 0 is reserved for unsolicited interrupt events.
+            // The device reports the triggered pin in resp.value instead of
+            // matching one of the synchronous request/response transactions.
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+                if (interruptCallbacks.count(resp.value) > 0) {
+                    pendingInterruptPins.push_back(resp.value);
+                }
+            }
+            interruptCv.notify_one();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+            pendingResponses[resp.transaction_id] = resp;
+        }
+        responseCv.notify_all();
+    }
+    readerRunning = false;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::interruptDispatchLoop()
+{
+    interruptDispatcherRunning = true;
+    while (!readerStopRequested.load()) {
+        uint32_t pin = 0;
+        void (*cb)(void) = nullptr;
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+            interruptCv.wait(lock, [&]() { return readerStopRequested.load() || !pendingInterruptPins.empty(); });
+            if (readerStopRequested.load()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            pin = pendingInterruptPins.front();
+            pendingInterruptPins.pop_front();
+
+            auto it = interruptCallbacks.find(pin);
+            if (it != interruptCallbacks.end()) {
+                cb = it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (cb != nullptr) {
+            cb();
+        }
+    }
+    interruptDispatcherRunning = false;
+}
+
+void SerialHal::startReaderThread()
+{
+    stopReaderThread();
+    readerStopRequested = false;
+    readerThread = std::thread(&SerialHal::readerLoop, this);
+    interruptThread = std::thread(&SerialHal::interruptDispatchLoop, this);
+}
+
+void SerialHal::stopReaderThread()
+{
+    readerStopRequested = true;
+    interruptCv.notify_all();
+    if (readerThread.joinable()) {
+        readerThread.join();
+    }
+    if (interruptThread.joinable()) {
+        interruptThread.join();
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(stateMutex);
+    pendingInterruptPins.clear();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#ifndef PI_HAL_SERIAL_H
+#define PI_HAL_SERIAL_H
+
+#include <RadioLib.h>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mesh/generated/meshtastic/serial_hal.pb.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define SERIAL_PI_INPUT (0)
+#define SERIAL_PI_OUTPUT (1)
+#define SERIAL_PI_LOW (0)
+#define SERIAL_PI_HIGH (1)
+#define SERIAL_PI_RISING (1)
+#define SERIAL_PI_FALLING (2)
+
+class SerialHal : public RadioLibHal
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SerialHal(const std::string &device, uint32_t baud = 115200, uint32_t timeoutMs = 500);
+    ~SerialHal() override;
+
+    void init() override {}
+    void term() override {}
+
+    void pinMode(uint32_t pin, uint32_t mode) override;
+    void digitalWrite(uint32_t pin, uint32_t value) override;
+    uint32_t digitalRead(uint32_t pin) override;
+
+    void attachInterrupt(uint32_t interruptNum, void (*interruptCb)(void), uint32_t mode) override;
+    void detachInterrupt(uint32_t interruptNum) override;
+
+    void delay(unsigned long ms) override;
+    void delayMicroseconds(unsigned long us) override;
+    void yield() override;
+
+    unsigned long millis() override;
+    unsigned long micros() override;
+
+    long pulseIn(uint32_t pin, uint32_t state, unsigned long timeout) override;
+
+    void spiBegin() override {}
+    void spiBeginTransaction() override {}
+    void spiTransfer(uint8_t *out, size_t len, uint8_t *in) override;
+    void spiEndTransaction() override {}
+    void spiEnd() override {}
+
+    bool checkError();
+
+  private:
+    bool openPort();
+    void closePort();
+    bool sendRequest(const meshtastic_SerialHalCommand &cmd, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse *response);
+    bool writeAll(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+    bool readExact(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+    bool waitForReadable(int timeoutMs);
+    bool readFrame(std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, int firstByteTimeoutMs);
+    void readerLoop();
+    void interruptDispatchLoop();
+    void startReaderThread();
+    void stopReaderThread();
+
+    uint16_t crc16(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) const;
+    void setTransportError(const char *msg);
+
+    std::string device;
+    uint32_t baud;
+    uint32_t timeoutMs;
+    int fd = -1;
+    bool hasWarned = false;
+    std::atomic<bool> inError{false};
+    std::atomic<uint16_t> txId{1};
+
+    std::mutex fdMutex;
+    std::mutex writeMutex;
+    std::mutex stateMutex;
+    std::condition_variable responseCv;
+
+    std::thread readerThread;
+    std::thread interruptThread;
+    std::atomic<bool> readerStopRequested{false};
+    std::atomic<bool> readerRunning{false};
+    std::atomic<bool> interruptDispatcherRunning{false};
+
+    std::condition_variable interruptCv;
+    std::deque<uint32_t> pendingInterruptPins;
+
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, void (*)(void)> interruptCallbacks;
+    std::unordered_map<uint16_t, meshtastic_SerialHalResponse> pendingResponses;
+};
+
+#endif
@@ -800,17 +800,6 @@ void test_disabled(void)
    TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(mqtt->isEnabled());
 }

-void test_mqttInitSkipsAllocationWhenDisabled(void)
-{
-    delete unitTest;
-    mqtt = unitTest = NULL;
-
-    moduleConfig.mqtt.enabled = false;
-    mqttInit();
-
-    TEST_ASSERT_NULL(mqtt);
-}
-
 // Subscriptions contain the moduleConfig.mqtt.root prefix.
 void test_customMqttRoot(void)
 {
@@ -923,7 +912,6 @@ void setup()
    RUN_TEST(test_usingCustomServer);
    RUN_TEST(test_enabled);
    RUN_TEST(test_disabled);
-    RUN_TEST(test_mqttInitSkipsAllocationWhenDisabled);
    RUN_TEST(test_customMqttRoot);
    RUN_TEST(test_configEmptyIsValid);
    RUN_TEST(test_configEnabledEmptyIsValid);
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ lib_deps =
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=NimBLE-Arduino packageName=h2zero/library/NimBLE-Arduino
  h2zero/NimBLE-Arduino@1.4.3
  # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=libpax packageName=https://github.com/dbinfrago/libpax gitBranch=master
-  https://github.com/dbinfrago/libpax/archive/df424747f9acb86ab07c5a206ded1e8e3650726a.zip
+  https://github.com/dbinfrago/libpax/archive/3cdc0371c375676a97967547f4065607d4c53fd1.zip
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=XPowersLib packageName=lewisxhe/library/XPowersLib
  lewisxhe/XPowersLib@0.3.3
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=rweather/Crypto packageName=rweather/library/Crypto
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ lib_ignore =
 lib_deps = 
  ${esp32_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps = 
  ${esp32_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=SX1509 IO Expander packageName=sparkfun/library/SX1509 IO Expander
  sparkfun/SX1509 IO Expander@3.0.6
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=APA102 packageName=pololu/library/APA102
@@ -133,6 +133,6 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps = ${heltec_v4_base.lib_deps}
  ${device-ui_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=Quency-D_chsc6x packageName=https://github.com/Quency-D/chsc6x gitBranch=master
  https://github.com/Quency-D/chsc6x/archive/5cbead829d6b432a8d621ed1aafd4eb474fd4f27.zip
@@ -140,6 +140,6 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps = ${heltec_v4_r8_base.lib_deps}
  ${device-ui_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=Quency-D_chsc6x packageName=https://github.com/Quency-D/chsc6x gitBranch=master
  https://github.com/Quency-D/chsc6x/archive/3b2b6cebf3177b3e2c33d06e07909b0b10159516.zip
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  ${device-ui_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19

 [mesh_tab_xpt2046]
 extends = mesh_tab_base
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps = 
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19

 build_src_filter =
  ${esp32s3_base.build_src_filter}
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19

 [env:rak_wismesh_tap_v2-tft]
 extends = env:rak_wismesh_tap_v2
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ build_flags = ${esp32s3_base.build_flags}

 lib_deps = ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=ESP8266Audio packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/ESP8266Audio gitBranch=meshtastic-2.0.0-dacfix
  https://github.com/meshtastic/ESP8266Audio/archive/343024632ee78d6216907b2353fc943a62422d80.zip
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=ESP8266SAM packageName=earlephilhower/library/ESP8266SAM
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ build_flags = ${esp32s3_base.build_flags}

 lib_deps = ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=SensorLib packageName=lewisxhe/library/SensorLib
  lewisxhe/SensorLib@0.3.4
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit DRV2605 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit DRV2605 Library
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ build_flags = ${esp32s3_base.build_flags}

 lib_deps = ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=ESP8266Audio packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/ESP8266Audio gitBranch=meshtastic-2.0.0-dacfix
  https://github.com/meshtastic/ESP8266Audio/archive/343024632ee78d6216907b2353fc943a62422d80.zip
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=ESP8266SAM packageName=earlephilhower/library/ESP8266SAM
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19

 [env:tracksenger-lcd]
 custom_meshtastic_hw_model = 48
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ build_flags =
 lib_deps =
  ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19

 [env:tracksenger-oled]
 custom_meshtastic_hw_model = 48
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ build_src_filter =

 lib_deps = ${esp32s3_base.lib_deps}
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  # TODO renovate https://gitlab.com/hamishcunningham/unphonelibrary#meshtastic@9.0.0
  https://gitlab.com/hamishcunningham/unphonelibrary/-/archive/meshtastic/unphonelibrary-meshtastic.zip

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ lib_deps =
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=rweather/Crypto packageName=rweather/library/Crypto
  rweather/Crypto@0.4.0
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=LovyanGFX packageName=lovyan03/library/LovyanGFX
-  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.21
+  lovyan03/LovyanGFX@1.2.19
  ; # renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=libch341-spi-userspace packageName=https://github.com/pine64/libch341-spi-userspace gitBranch=main
  https://github.com/pine64/libch341-spi-userspace/archive/23c42319a69cffcb65868e3c72e6bed83974a393.zip
  # renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=adafruit/Adafruit seesaw Library packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit seesaw Library
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ board = promicro-nrf52840
 build_flags = ${nrf52840_base.build_flags}
  -I variants/nrf52840/diy/nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo
  -D NRF52_PROMICRO_DIY
-  ; -D RADIOLIB_GODMODE=1 ; needed for some LR2021 items, but not enabled by default.
 build_src_filter = ${nrf52_base.build_src_filter} +<../variants/nrf52840/diy/nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo>
 debug_tool = jlink

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
-#pragma once
 #include "RadioLib.h"

-// Keep LR20x0 naming while RadioLib exposes LR2021 symbols.
-#ifndef LR20x0
-#define LR20x0 LR2021
-#endif
-
 // This is rewritten to match the requirements of the E80-900M2213S
 // The E80 does not conform to the reference Semtech switches(!) and therefore needs a custom matrix.
 // See footnote #3 in "https://www.cdebyte.com/products/E80-900M2213S/2#Pin"
@@ -19,35 +13,14 @@ static const uint32_t rfswitch_dio_pins[] = {RADIOLIB_LR11X0_DIO5, RADIOLIB_LR11

 static const Module::RfSwitchMode_t rfswitch_table[] = {
    // clang-format off
-    // mode              DIO5  DIO6  DIO7
-    {LR11x0::MODE_STBY,  {LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_RX,    {LOW,  HIGH, LOW}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_TX,    {HIGH, HIGH, LOW}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_TX_HP, {HIGH, LOW,  LOW}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_TX_HF, {LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_GNSS,  {LOW,  LOW,  HIGH}},
-    {LR11x0::MODE_WIFI,  {LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
-    END_OF_MODE_TABLE,
-    // clang-format on
-};
-
-// LR2021 RF switch matrix following the standard Semtech / Seeed T1000-E reference topology.
-// DIO5 -> antenna path select (HIGH = sub-GHz LF)
-// DIO6 -> TX enable / HP PA select
-// DIO7 -> not connected (no GNSS on LR2021)
-// DIO8 -> RF front-end power enable
-
-static const uint32_t lr20x0_rfswitch_dio_pins[] = {RADIOLIB_LR2021_DIO5, RADIOLIB_LR2021_DIO6, RADIOLIB_LR2021_DIO7,
-                                                    RADIOLIB_LR2021_DIO8, RADIOLIB_NC};
-
-static const Module::RfSwitchMode_t lr20x0_rfswitch_table[] = {
-    // clang-format off
-    // mode               DIO5  DIO6  DIO7  DIO8
-    {LR20x0::MODE_STBY,   {LOW,  LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
-    {LR20x0::MODE_RX,     {HIGH, LOW,  LOW,  HIGH}},
-    {LR20x0::MODE_TX,     {HIGH, HIGH, LOW,  HIGH}},
-    {LR20x0::MODE_RX_HF,  {LOW,  LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
-    {LR20x0::MODE_TX_HF,  {LOW,  LOW,  LOW,  LOW}},
+    // mode            DIO5  DIO6  DIO7
+    {LR11x0::MODE_STBY, {LOW, LOW, LOW}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_RX, {LOW, HIGH, LOW}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_TX, {HIGH, HIGH, LOW}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_TX_HP, {HIGH, LOW, LOW}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_TX_HF, {LOW, LOW, LOW}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_GNSS, {LOW, LOW, HIGH}},
+    {LR11x0::MODE_WIFI, {LOW, LOW, LOW}},
    END_OF_MODE_TABLE,
    // clang-format on
 };
@@ -155,16 +155,6 @@ NRF52 PRO MICRO PIN ASSIGNMENT
 #define LR11X0_DIO_AS_RF_SWITCH
 #endif

-// LR2021
-#define USE_LR2021
-#define LR2021_IRQ_PIN (0 + 10)      // P0.10 IRQ
-#define LR2021_NRESET_PIN LORA_RESET // P0.09 NRST
-#define LR2021_BUSY_PIN (0 + 29)     // P0.29 BUSY
-#define LR2021_SPI_NSS_PIN LORA_CS   // P1.13
-#define LR2021_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE 1.8
-#define LR2021_DIO_AS_RF_SWITCH
-#define LR2021_IRQ_DIO_NUM 9 // DIO9 → P0.10
-
 // #define SX126X_MAX_POWER 8 set this if using a high-power board!

 /*
@@ -166,9 +166,7 @@ static const uint8_t SCK = PIN_SPI_SCK;
 // Testing USB detection
 #define NRF_APM
 // If using a power chip like the INA3221 you can override the default battery voltage channel below
-// and comment out NRF_APM to use the INA3221 instead of the USB detection for charging.
-// INA3221Sensor.h provides INA3221_CH1/INA3221_CH2/INA3221_CH3 compatibility aliases, so
-// board variants can continue to use the named channel constants here.
+// and comment out NRF_APM to use the INA3221 instead of the USB detection for charging
 // #define INA3221_BAT_CH INA3221_CH2
 // #define INA3221_ENV_CH INA3221_CH1

@@ -220,9 +220,7 @@ SO GPIO 39/TXEN MAY NOT BE DEFINED FOR SUCCESSFUL OPERATION OF THE SX1262 - TG
 // Testing USB detection
 #define NRF_APM
 // If using a power chip like the INA3221 you can override the default battery voltage channel below
-// and comment out NRF_APM to use the INA3221 instead of the USB detection for charging.
-// INA3221Sensor.h provides compatibility aliases such as INA3221_CH1/INA3221_CH2/INA3221_CH3,
-// so board variants can continue to use the channel names below.
+// and comment out NRF_APM to use the INA3221 instead of the USB detection for charging
 // #define INA3221_BAT_CH INA3221_CH2
 // #define INA3221_ENV_CH INA3221_CH1

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [VERSION]  
 major = 2
 minor = 7
-build = 24
+build = 23
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Jonathan Bennett	7555242661	Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal	2026-05-04 22:10:48 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	c5a8fbc157	Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal	2026-05-04 13:09:22 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	fbccf910d4	and fix it on esp32 again	2026-04-30 16:03:35 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	b02193f341	Compile on 2040	2026-04-30 15:45:36 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	097f77cbcf	Seitch to concurrency over std::mutex for platform agnostic behavior	2026-04-30 15:21:42 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	8995a68b07	Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal	2026-04-30 10:54:42 -05:00
Ben Meadors	ebe6ddc7aa	Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal	2026-04-30 06:12:30 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	b27f80131a	Merge branch 'develop' into serialHal	2026-04-30 00:44:52 -05:00
Jonathan Bennett	e3d68645c1	Initial implementation of serialHal	2026-04-30 00:37:00 -05:00