Merge branch 'develop' into thinknode-m9

buzzer, webdav lib
Add Ethernet configuration to platformio.ini for ThinkNode variants
2026-10-04 19:38:11 +10:00 · 2026-05-20 15:21:27 +02:00 · 2026-05-20 15:17:52 +02:00 · 2026-05-20 07:12:43 -05:00 · 2026-05-19 06:57:05 -05:00 · 2026-05-19 05:37:01 -05:00
578 changed files with 41087 additions and 4662 deletions
@@ -49,11 +49,17 @@ Call the meshtastic MCP tool bundle and format a structured health report for on
   - Do the LoRa configs match? (region, channel_num, modem_preset should all agree; mismatch = no mesh)
   - Do the primary channel NAMES match? Mismatch = different PSK = no decode.

-7. **Suggest next actions only for specific, recognisable failure modes**:
+7. **Recorder slice (cheap, always available).** The mcp-server runs an autouse log recorder that's been collecting from every connected device. Pull two short slices to surface anything weird that's already happened:
+   - `mcp__meshtastic__logs_window(start="-2m", level="WARN|ERROR|CRIT", max_lines=20)` — recent firmware errors. If empty, say "no recent errors"; don't manufacture concern.
+   - `mcp__meshtastic__telemetry_timeline(window="1h", field="free_heap", max_points=60)` — heap trend. If `slope_per_min < -50`, flag it and recommend `/leakhunt window=6h` for a deeper read; otherwise just note the current free heap.
+   - If `recorder_status` shows `running:false` or `files.telemetry.last_ts` is null, note "recorder has no telemetry yet — enable `set_debug_log_api(True)` to populate" and skip this step gracefully.
+
+8. **Suggest next actions only for specific, recognisable failure modes**:
   - Stale PKI pubkey one-way → "run `/test tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py` — the retry + nodeinfo-ping heals this in the test path."
   - Region mismatch → "re-bake one side via `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh --force-bake`."
   - Device unreachable, reachable via DFU → `touch_1200bps(port=...)` + `pio_flash`. If not even DFU responds AND the device is on a PPPS hub, escalate to `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)`.
   - CP2102-wedged-driver on macOS → see the note in `run-tests.sh`.
+   - Heap slope strongly negative → "run `/leakhunt window=6h` for a full timeline + classification."

 ## What NOT to do

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+description: Hunt for memory leaks (and other slow degradations) by reading the persistent recorder's heap timeline + log slice over a window
+argument-hint: [window=1h] [field=free_heap] [variant=local]
+---
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD029 -->
+
+# `/leakhunt` — read the recorder, classify a memory leak
+
+Use the always-on recorder (`mcp-server/.mtlog/`) to read a heap timeline plus the matching log slice and produce a one-page verdict: **steady / slow leak / fragmentation / OOM-imminent**. No firmware changes, no special build flags — the LocalStats telemetry packet that the firmware already broadcasts every ~60 s carries `heap_free_bytes` and `heap_total_bytes`.
+
+## Two signal paths — pick the right one
+
+| Path                  | Build flag       | Cadence        | Per-thread attribution | Cost                      |
+| --------------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| LocalStats packet     | (default)        | ~60 s          | No                     | Free — always on          |
+| `[heap N]` log prefix | `-DDEBUG_HEAP=1` | every log line | Yes (Thread X leaked)  | Bigger flash + log volume |
+
+Both feed the same `telemetry_timeline(field="free_heap")` query — when DEBUG_HEAP is on, the recorder synthesizes telemetry rows from log prefixes (tagged `source: debug_heap`), so a single timeline call gets whichever signal is available. **For a slow leak diagnosis, the default path is plenty** (60 s cadence over 6 h = 360 points; linear regression over that nails sub-100-byte/min slopes). **DEBUG_HEAP is for attribution** — when the slope is real and you need to know which thread is leaking.
+
+## What to do
+
+1. **Parse `$ARGUMENTS`**: optional `window` (default `1h`, accepts `30m`/`6h`/`-3d`/etc.), optional `field` (default `free_heap`; alternates: `total_heap`, `battery_level`, anything in the LocalStats variant), optional `variant` (default `local`; alternates: `device`, `environment`, `power`, `airQuality`, `health`).
+
+2. **Verify the recorder is alive** — call `mcp__meshtastic__recorder_status`. Check:
+   - `running == True`
+   - `files.telemetry.lines > 0` (at least one telemetry packet recorded — if zero, the device hasn't broadcast LocalStats yet OR `set_debug_log_api` has never been on; tell the operator to run `mcp__meshtastic__set_debug_log_api(enabled=True)` and wait one device-update interval)
+   - `files.telemetry.last_ts` within the last 5 minutes (if older, the device is silent — log that, not "leak detected")
+
+3. **Detect whether DEBUG_HEAP is active** — `mcp__meshtastic__logs_window(start="-2m", grep=r"\\[heap \\d+\\]", max_lines=3)`. If any line matches, the firmware has the prefix → DEBUG_HEAP is on, expect higher-cadence data and `heap_event` rows. If zero matches over the last 2 minutes, you're on the LocalStats-only path.
+
+4. **Pull the timeline** — `mcp__meshtastic__telemetry_timeline(window=$window, variant=$variant, field=$field, max_points=200)`. Read:
+   - `samples` — how many raw points contributed
+   - `min`, `max` — total swing
+   - `slope_per_min` — units per minute (linear regression over the whole window)
+
+5. **Pull the log context for the same window** — `mcp__meshtastic__logs_window(start="-${window}", grep="Heap status|leaked heap|freed heap|out of memory|Alloc an err|panic|abort", max_lines=200)`. These are the strings the firmware emits when something memory-related happens (`DEBUG_HEAP` builds emit `"Heap status:"` and `"leaked heap"` lines; production builds emit `"Alloc an err"` on failure and `"out of memory"` on OOM).
+
+6. **Pull marker events** so we know if the operator labeled phases — `mcp__meshtastic__events_window(start="-${window}", kind="mark|connection_lost|connection_established")`. If a `connection_lost` overlaps a sharp drop, that's not a leak; that's a reboot.
+
+6a. **(DEBUG_HEAP only) Per-thread attribution** — `mcp__meshtastic__logs_window(start="-${window}", grep="leaked heap", max_lines=200)`. Each row has a structured `heap_event` field with `{kind, thread, before, after, delta}`. Aggregate by thread: sum the `delta` over the window per thread name. The thread with the largest cumulative negative delta is your suspect. Note the count too — a thread with 50× small leaks is different from 1× big leak.
+
+7. **Classify** based on what the data says, NOT on what you wish it said. Use these rules in order:
+   - **Insufficient data** (< 5 samples): say so. Suggest a longer window or longer wait. Stop.
+   - **Reboot mid-window**: if any `connection_lost` event is present AND `free_heap` jumped UP at that timestamp, the device rebooted. Note it; pre-reboot trend may be a leak but you only have part of the curve.
+   - **OOM-imminent**: any `Alloc an err=` or `out of memory` line in the log slice. This trumps everything; flag urgently.
+   - **Slow leak**: `slope_per_min < -50` AND `max - min > 1000` AND no reboot. The heap is monotonically (or near-monotonically) declining. Estimate time-to-zero: `min / -slope_per_min` minutes. Surface it.
+   - **Fragmentation suspect**: `slope_per_min` close to zero (|x| < 50) BUT min trends down across the window AND the log slice shows `Alloc an err` warnings WITHOUT total OOM. Means free total is OK but largest contiguous block is shrinking. Recommend a `DEBUG_HEAP` build to confirm.
+   - **Steady**: |slope_per_min| < 50, no error lines. Heap is fine.
+   - **Recovery curve**: slope is POSITIVE — heap recovered. Either a workload completed or GC fired. Note it; not a leak.
+
+8. **Report**:
+
+   ```text
+   /leakhunt window=6h field=free_heap variant=local
+   ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+   recorder        : running, telem last_ts 8s ago
+   build           : DEBUG_HEAP=ON (per-line prefix detected)
+   samples         : 14,200 over 6h (cadence ~1.5s, log-line synth)
+   free_heap       : min 92,344 / max 124,008 / range 31,664
+   slope           : -82 bytes/min (negative — heap declining)
+   reboots         : none in window
+   OOM events      : none
+   error lines     : 3× "Alloc an err=ESP_ERR_NO_MEM" at +4h12m, +5h08m, +5h44m
+   thread leaks    : (DEBUG_HEAP) MeshPacket -3,124 B over 18 events
+                                  Router       -1,408 B over 4 events
+                                  others       -240 B
+   verdict         : SLOW LEAK — primary suspect MeshPacket thread
+   est. time-to-OOM: ~1,127 min (~18.8 h) at current slope
+   evidence        : (3 log line citations with uptimes)
+   ```
+
+   Then: **what to do next.**
+   - SLOW LEAK, **DEBUG_HEAP off** → recommend rebuilding with the flag and re-running this skill. Concrete one-liner the operator can copy:
+     ```text
+     mcp__meshtastic__build(env="<env>", build_flags={"DEBUG_HEAP": 1})
+     mcp__meshtastic__pio_flash(env="<env>", port="<port>", confirm=True)
+     ```
+     After flash, set debug_log_api back on and wait one window; re-run `/leakhunt`.
+   - SLOW LEAK, **DEBUG_HEAP on** → cite the top-leaking thread name from step 6a. Point at the corresponding source file (`grep -rn "ThreadName(\"<name>\")" src/`); the operator decides what to fix.
+   - FRAGMENTATION SUSPECT → propose pre-allocating any per-packet buffers; or rebuilding with `CONFIG_HEAP_TASK_TRACKING=y` on ESP32 to see who's holding the largest blocks.
+   - OOM-IMMINENT → flag for immediate attention; don't wait for the next telemetry interval.
+   - STEADY → say so; stop. Don't invent problems.
+
+## What NOT to do
+
+- Don't assume a leak from a single dip. LocalStats fires every ~60 s and the firmware naturally allocates+frees on each broadcast cycle; one packet sees the trough. Look at the slope, not the deltas.
+- Don't recommend code changes. This skill diagnoses; the operator decides what to fix.
+- Don't enable `set_debug_log_api` automatically — if it's off, telemetry isn't reaching pubsub anyway, and the recorder will be empty. Tell the operator to flip it on and wait, then re-run.
+- Don't run heavy workloads to "trigger the leak." The recorder is passive; we read what's there.
+
+## Companion: `mark_event` for stress runs
+
+If the operator wants to test under stimulus (e.g. blast 50 broadcasts and see what the heap does), they can frame the experiment with markers:
+
+```text
+mark_event("burst-start")
+… run the workload …
+mark_event("burst-end")
+/leakhunt window=15m
+```
+
+The markers land in both `events.jsonl` and `logs.jsonl`, so the report can show "free_heap dipped 8 KB during the burst window, recovered to baseline within 2 LocalStats cycles" → not a leak.
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ description: Re-run a specific test N times in isolation to triage flakes, diff
 argument-hint: <test-node-id> [count=5]
 ---

+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD029 -->
+
 # `/repro` — flakiness triage for one test

 Re-run a single pytest node ID N times in isolation, track pass rate, and surface what's _different_ in the firmware logs between the passing attempts and the failing ones. Turns "it's flaky, I guess" into "it fails when X, passes when Y."
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ Re-run a single pytest node ID N times in isolation, track pass rate, and surfac

   Surface the top 3 differences as a "passes when / fails when" table. Don't dump full logs — pull specific lines with uptime timestamps.

+5a. **Archive recorder slices per attempt** (no extra device interaction; the recorder runs autouse). Right after each attempt finishes, capture its `(start_ts, end_ts)` and call `mcp__meshtastic__recorder_export(start=<start>, end=<end>, dest_dir="mcp-server/tests/repro_artifacts/<safe-test-id>/attempt_<n>/")`. This drops a `logs.jsonl`, `telemetry.jsonl`, `packets.jsonl`, and `events.jsonl` snapshot scoped to the attempt window. Use these for cross-attempt diffs in step 5: `jq '.line' logs.jsonl` is faster than re-running the test, and the telemetry slice lets you compare heap behavior across attempts.
+
 6. **Classify the flake** into one of:
   - **LoRa airtime collision** → pass rate improves with fewer concurrent transmitters; propose a `time.sleep` gap or retry bump in the test body.
   - **PKI key staleness** → fails on first attempt, passes after self-heal; existing retry loop in `test_direct_with_ack.py` handles this.
@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@
  "features": {
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {
      "installTools": true,
-      "version": "3.14"
+      "version": "3.13"
    }
  },
  "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
      "extensions": [
        "ms-vscode.cpptools",
-        "platformio.platformio-ide",
+        "Jason2866.esp-decoder",
+        "pioarduino.pioarduino-ide",
        "Trunk.io"
      ],
-      "unwantedRecommendations": ["ms-azuretools.vscode-docker"],
+      "unwantedRecommendations": [
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",
+        "platformio.platformio-ide"
+      ],
      "settings": {
        "extensions.ignoreRecommendations": true
      }
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ body:
  - type: checkboxes
    id: mui
    attributes:
-      label: Is this bug report about any UI component firmware like InkHUD or Meshtatic UI (MUI)?
+      label: Is this bug report about any UI (https://meshtastic.org/docs/configuration/device-uis/) component firmware?
      options:
-        - label: Meshtastic UI aka MUI colorTFT
-        - label: InkHUD ePaper
-        - label: OLED slide UI on any display
+        - label: Meshtastic UI aka MUI
+        - label: InkHUD
+        - label: BaseUI

  - type: input
    id: version
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Meshtastic is an open-source LoRa mesh networking project for long-range, low-po
 - **RP2040/RP2350** - Raspberry Pi Pico variants
 - **STM32WL** - STM32 with integrated LoRa
 - **Linux/Portduino** - Native Linux builds (Raspberry Pi, etc.)
+- **macOS native** - Headless `meshtasticd` on Apple Silicon / x86_64; see `variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini` for Homebrew prereqs + CH341 LoRa setup

 ### Supported Radio Chips

@@ -70,6 +71,163 @@ PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) messages have special handling:
 - Accepted on a special "PKI" channel
 - Allow encrypted DMs between nodes that discovered each other on downlink-enabled channels

+## Encryption & Key Management
+
+Meshtastic packets on the air are typically encrypted one of two ways: the **per-channel symmetric** layer (AES-CTR with a shared PSK) for broadcasts and channel traffic, and the **per-peer PKI** layer (X25519 ECDH → AES-256-CCM) for direct messages and remote admin. A channel with a 0-byte PSK (or Ham mode, which wipes PSKs) transmits cleartext — see the size table below. Both are implemented in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`; the send/receive dispatch lives in `src/mesh/Router.cpp`; admin authorization lives in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`.
+
+### High-level model
+
+- **Channels** are symmetric rooms: anyone with the PSK can read any message on the channel. Channel 0 is the "primary" channel and ships with the short-form default PSK on factory devices, forming the public mesh most users join. (The LoRa modem preset `LONG_FAST` lives on `config.lora.modem_preset` and is an independent field — don't conflate "channel 0 default PSK" with the modem preset name.)
+- **DMs** addressed to a single node require PKI so that other holders of the channel PSK can't read them. Outside Ham mode, Meshtastic does not fall back to channel-symmetric encryption when the destination public key is unknown.
+- **Remote admin** is a DM carrying an `AdminMessage`. The receiver only acts on it if the sender's public key is on its allowlist (`config.security.admin_key[0..2]`).
+- **Ham mode** (`owner.is_licensed=true`, where `owner` is the local `meshtastic_User` record) disables PKI entirely and sends cleartext — FCC Part 97 prohibits encryption on amateur bands.
+- **No ratchet, no session.** Every packet is encrypted from scratch — a stateless design that matches the high-loss, store-and-forward nature of LoRa.
+
+### Symmetric channel encryption (AES-CTR)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptPacket` / `decrypt` / `encryptAESCtr` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Cipher**: AES-CTR, AES-128 or AES-256 depending on key length. Same routine in both directions (CTR is a stream cipher, so encrypt == decrypt).
+- **Key**: `ChannelSettings.psk` bytes. Size semantics:
+  - **0 bytes** → no encryption, cleartext on the air
+  - **1 byte** → short-form index into the well-known `defaultpsk[]` in `src/mesh/Channels.h`. Index 0 = cleartext; 1 = defaultpsk unchanged; 2..255 = defaultpsk with its last byte incremented by (index − 1). This is what the CLI's `--ch-set psk default` produces.
+  - **16 bytes** → raw AES-128 key
+  - **32 bytes** → raw AES-256 key
+  - **2..15 bytes** → zero-padded to 16 and used as AES-128 (with a warn log); **17..31 bytes** → zero-padded to 32 and used as AES-256 (with a warn log). Defensive fallback for malformed PSK input, not something to rely on.
+- **Nonce (128 bit)**: `packet_id` (u64 LE) ‖ `from_node` (u32 LE) ‖ `block_counter` (u32, starts at 0). Built in `CryptoEngine::initNonce`.
+- **No AEAD**: channel packets carry no MAC, so the channel-hash byte is not an integrity or authenticity check. `Channels::getHash` is a 1-byte XOR-derived hint over the channel name bytes and PSK bytes that helps receivers pick a candidate channel/PSK for decryption. Because it is only a small hint and collisions are easy to find, it should be described purely as a PSK-selection aid, not as a security filter an attacker cannot bypass.
+- **Channel 0 is special in one way only**: it's the channel the Router attempts PKI decryption on before falling through to AES-CTR. Non-zero channels always go straight to AES-CTR.
+
+### PKI encryption for DMs (X25519 ECDH + AES-256-CCM)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptCurve25519` / `decryptCurve25519` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Keypair**: Curve25519 (aka X25519), 32-byte public + 32-byte private. Stored in `config.security.public_key` / `private_key`; the public half is mirrored into `owner.public_key` so it rides along in NodeInfo broadcasts and propagates through the mesh like any other identity field.
+- **Key generation** (`generateKeyPair`): stirs `HardwareRNG::fill()` (64 B from platform TRNG when available), the 16-byte `myNodeInfo.device_id`, and a call to `random()` into the rweather/Crypto library's software RNG, then `Curve25519::dh1`. `regeneratePublicKey` recomputes the public half from a known private (used when restoring from backup).
+- **Keygen entry points**: at boot, `NodeDB` calls `generateKeyPair` (or `regeneratePublicKey` when a stored private key is present and passes a low-entropy check) **directly** when `!owner.is_licensed` and `config.lora.region != UNSET`. `ensurePkiKeys` wraps the same logic for runtime/admin flows — it's the path `AdminModule::handleSetConfig` runs when first assigning a valid region or when security config is written; **do not assume it's the universal boot-time gate**, because the NodeDB path bypasses it.
+- **Handshake**: `Curve25519::dh2(local_private, remote_public) → 32-byte shared secret → SHA-256 → 32-byte AES-256 key`. Recomputed per packet. The SHA-256 step is effectively a KDF over the raw ECDH output.
+- **Cipher**: AES-256-CCM via `aes_ccm_ae` / `aes_ccm_ad` (`src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`). MAC length (the `M` parameter) is **8 bytes**. No AAD — the MAC covers ciphertext only.
+- **Nonce (13 bytes / 104 bit)**: `aes_ccm_ae`/`aes_ccm_ad` use a 13-byte CCM nonce (`L = 2` is hardcoded in `src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`), not a 16-byte nonce. For PKI packets, `CryptoEngine::initNonce(fromNode, packetNum, extraNonce)` starts from the usual packet-derived nonce material, then overwrites nonce bytes `4..7` with a fresh 32-bit `extraNonce = random()`. The effective nonce bytes are therefore: bytes `0..3` = `packet_id`, bytes `4..7` = transmitted `extraNonce`, bytes `8..11` = `from_node`, byte `12` = `0x00`. The receiver reconstructs the same 13-byte nonce from the packet metadata plus the appended `extraNonce`.
+- **Wire overhead**: 12 bytes appended to the ciphertext = 8-byte MAC ‖ 4-byte extraNonce. Defined as `MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD = 12` in `src/mesh/RadioInterface.h`. Only the 4-byte `extraNonce` is sent; the rest of the 13-byte CCM nonce is reconstructed from packet fields as described above. The Router's send path checks this overhead against `MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN` before committing to PKI.
+- **Send selection** (`Router::send`): the sender enters the PKI path when **all** hold — we're the originator AND not Ham mode AND not Portduino simradio AND not on the `serial`/`gpio` channels (unless the packet is already marked `pki_encrypted`) AND `config.security.private_key.size == 32` AND destination is a single node (not broadcast) AND the portnum isn't infrastructure. `TRACEROUTE_APP`, `NODEINFO_APP`, `ROUTING_APP`, and `POSITION_APP` are routed through channel encryption even when DMed (these need to be readable by relaying peers). Once on the PKI path, if the destination's public key isn't in our NodeDB the send **fails** with `PKI_SEND_FAIL_PUBLIC_KEY` — it does not silently fall back to channel encryption. If the client explicitly set `pki_encrypted=true` and any condition blocks PKI, the send fails with `PKI_FAILED`.
+- **Receive selection** (`Router::perhapsDecode`): try PKI decrypt first when `channel == 0` AND `isToUs(p)` AND not broadcast AND both peers have public keys in NodeDB AND `rawSize > MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`. On success the packet gets `pki_encrypted=true` stamped and the sender's public key copied into `p->public_key` for downstream authorization.
+
+### Remote admin authorization
+
+Implemented in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp` → `handleReceivedProtobuf`. The authorization check runs in this order:
+
+1. **Response messages** — if `messageIsResponse(r)` is true (the payload is a response to one of our earlier admin requests), it's accepted without any further check. The in-file comment flags this as a known-untightened gap: a stricter implementation would remember which `public_key` we last queried and reject responses that don't match.
+2. **Local admin** — `mp.from == 0` (phone app over BLE, serial CLI, internal module); never travels over the air. **Rejected** if `config.security.is_managed` is true, because managed devices expect admin to arrive over the air through an authorized remote path.
+3. **Legacy admin channel (deprecated)** — the packet arrived on a channel named literally `"admin"`. Gated by `config.security.admin_channel_enabled`; returns `NOT_AUTHORIZED` if the flag is false. Kept for backward compatibility; new deployments should use PKI admin.
+4. **PKI admin (preferred for remote)** — `mp.pki_encrypted == true` AND `mp.public_key` matches one of `config.security.admin_key[0..2]` (up to three authorized 32-byte Curve25519 public keys, typically copied from the admin node's own `user.public_key`).
+5. **Fallthrough** → `NOT_AUTHORIZED`.
+
+On top of authorization, any remote admin message that **mutates** state (not a request, not a response) also has to pass a session-key check (`checkPassKey`): the client must first pull a fresh 8-byte `session_passkey` via `get_admin_session_key_request`, then echo that passkey back in the mutating message. The device rotates the passkey after 150 s and rejects values older than 300 s — a narrow anti-replay window on top of the PKI layer.
+
+`config.security.is_managed = true` disables **local** admin writes (`mp.from == 0` is rejected). It does not by itself force every admin action through PKI — the legacy `"admin"` channel still authorizes remote admin when `config.security.admin_channel_enabled == true`. The AdminModule refuses to persist `is_managed=true` unless at least one `admin_key` is populated — a deliberate guard against operators locking themselves out.
+
+### Key-rotation hazards (actions that invalidate peers)
+
+- **`factory_reset_device`** (the "full" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset(eraseBleBonds=true)`) → **wipes** the X25519 private key; a fresh keypair is generated on the next region-set. Every existing peer holds the old public key, so DMs to this node silently fail PKI decrypt until every peer re-exchanges NodeInfo.
+- **`factory_reset_config`** (the "partial" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset()` with `eraseBleBonds=false`) → **preserves** the X25519 private key in `installDefaultConfig(preserveKey=true)`; the public key is zeroed and gets rebuilt from the preserved private key on the next boot via the NodeDB path's `regeneratePublicKey` call. Identity is preserved and the mesh does not need to re-exchange keys.
+- **`region=UNSET → valid region`** → `ensurePkiKeys` runs inside the same `handleSetConfig` path; missing keys get generated at that moment.
+- **Ham mode transitions** — entering Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`) runs `Channels::ensureLicensedOperation`, which **wipes every channel PSK** (all traffic becomes cleartext) and disables the legacy admin channel. The X25519 private key is preserved on the device but not used because `Router::send` skips PKI when `owner.is_licensed` is true. Leaving Ham mode re-enables PKI with the preserved keypair but does not restore the wiped channel PSKs — the operator has to re-set them.
+- **Channel 0 PSK change** → every peer must re-learn the channel hash; cached NodeInfo becomes temporarily unreachable until the next broadcast.
+- **`security.private_key` blanked via admin** → regenerates both halves (unless in Ham mode) and propagates the new public key via NodeInfo.
+
+## NodeDB Layout (v25)
+
+`DEVICESTATE_CUR_VER = 25`, `DEVICESTATE_MIN_VER = 24`. The on-device NodeDB was split in v25 into a slim header table plus four optional satellite stores. Older v24 saves auto-migrate at boot. Old training-data instincts (`node->user.long_name`, `node->position.latitude_i`, `node->is_favorite`, `node->device_metrics.battery_level`) are wrong now — the fields aren't there. Read this section before touching anything that walks `nodeDB->meshNodes`.
+
+### Slim `NodeInfoLite`
+
+`UserLite` is flattened onto `NodeInfoLite` (no nested sub-message); `position` and `device_metrics` are removed entirely (tags reserved). MAC address is dropped. Long names are capped at 25 chars (`max_size:25` in `deviceonly.options`); `hw_model` and `role` are `int_size:8`. Encoded size dropped from ~166 B → ~105 B per node.
+
+Booleans are bit-packed into `NodeInfoLite.bitfield`. **Do not read or write the bits directly** — use the inline helpers in `src/mesh/NodeDB.h`:
+
+```cpp
+nodeInfoLiteHasUser(n)                  // bit 5 — user fields populated
+nodeInfoLiteIsFavorite(n)               // bit 3
+nodeInfoLiteIsIgnored(n)                // bit 4
+nodeInfoLiteIsMuted(n)                  // bit 1
+nodeInfoLiteIsLicensed(n)               // bit 6 — Ham mode peer
+nodeInfoLiteIsKeyManuallyVerified(n)    // bit 0
+nodeInfoLiteHasIsUnmessagable(n)        // bit 8 — "is_unmessagable was sent"
+nodeInfoLiteIsUnmessagable(n)           // bit 7
+// via_mqtt is bit 2 (mask exposed; predicate uses the mask directly)
+
+nodeInfoLiteSetBit(n, NODEINFO_BITFIELD_IS_FAVORITE_MASK, true);  // setter
+```
+
+### Satellite stores
+
+Four `std::unordered_map<NodeNum, …>` members on `NodeDB`, each gated by its own build flag:
+
+| Map               | Value type                      | Build flag                         |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `nodePositions`   | `meshtastic_PositionLite`       | `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POSITIONDB`    |
+| `nodeTelemetry`   | `meshtastic_DeviceMetrics`      | `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TELEMETRYDB`   |
+| `nodeEnvironment` | `meshtastic_EnvironmentMetrics` | `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTDB` |
+| `nodeStatus`      | `meshtastic_StatusMessage`      | `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUSDB`      |
+
+Defaults are ON (i.e., maps **excluded**) for STM32WL only — see `src/mesh/mesh-pb-constants.h`. On every other arch all four maps are present. When excluded, the map member is absent and the corresponding accessors return `false`.
+
+All four maps are guarded by **`mutable concurrency::Lock satelliteMutex`** — concurrent access from receive threads, the phone API state machine, and the renderer is the rule, not the exception.
+
+### Accessor convention
+
+**Never hand out pointers into the maps.** Use the copy-out accessors on `NodeDB`:
+
+```cpp
+bool copyNodePosition(NodeNum, meshtastic_PositionLite &out)       const;
+bool copyNodeTelemetry(NodeNum, meshtastic_DeviceMetrics &out)     const;
+bool copyNodeEnvironment(NodeNum, meshtastic_EnvironmentMetrics &out) const;
+bool copyNodeStatus(NodeNum, meshtastic_StatusMessage &out)        const;
+```
+
+Each takes the lock, copies the value if present, returns `false` if the entry is absent or the DB is excluded. Pass-by-out-param is deliberate — pointer-style accessors would invite UAF and lock-leak bugs across the renderer. The "has any X" convenience predicates (`hasValidPosition` etc.) are implemented in terms of these.
+
+Writers go through `setNodeStatus`, `updatePosition`, `updateTelemetry` (which dispatches on `which_variant` for device vs environment metrics) — these own the lock and the eviction hooks.
+
+### Eviction
+
+Every code path that drops a node from the header table must also evict the satellites. The single chokepoint is `eraseNodeSatellites(NodeNum)`; it's already called from `getOrCreateMeshNode`'s oldest-boring eviction, `removeNodeByNum`, both branches of `resetNodes`, `cleanupMeshDB`, `addFromContact`'s ignored-branch, and `AdminModule`'s `set_ignored_node`. Add new eviction sites here, not by calling `.erase()` directly.
+
+### Sync flow: thin NodeInfo + post-COMPLETE_ID replay (no opt-in)
+
+There is no capability flag and no special "gradient" nonce. The **default** sync flow is:
+
+1. Config / module-config / channel / metadata segments (same as before).
+2. `STATE_SEND_OWN_NODEINFO` — **our own** NodeInfo, still bundled with our position and device_metrics (because the replay snapshot excludes our own NodeNum). Emitted via `ConvertToNodeInfo(lite)`.
+3. `STATE_SEND_OTHER_NODEINFOS` — every other peer's NodeInfo, **always thin** (no `position`, no `device_metrics`). Emitted via `ConvertToNodeInfoThin(lite)`.
+4. `STATE_SEND_FILEMANIFEST` → `STATE_SEND_COMPLETE_ID` — the phone sees `config_complete_id` and treats sync as done.
+5. `STATE_SEND_PACKETS` — live mesh packets, with a trailing replay drain interleaved. The replay drain walks four cached satellite stores in order (positions → telemetry → environment → status) and emits each cached entry as an ordinary `MeshPacket` on the matching portnum (`POSITION_APP`, `TELEMETRY_APP` device + environment variants, `NODE_STATUS_APP`). These are indistinguishable on the wire from live mesh traffic, so clients need no special handling — any code that already updates UI on `POSITION_APP` etc. works.
+
+`PhoneAPI::sendConfigComplete()` arms `replayPhase = REPLAY_PHASE_POSITIONS` for default/full sync and `SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES`, while `SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_CONFIG` skips replay. The drain runs inside `STATE_SEND_PACKETS` via `popReplayPacket()`, lower priority than live traffic. When all four phases drain, `replayPhase` flips back to `REPLAY_PHASE_IDLE` and the snapshot vectors get `shrink_to_fit`ed.
+
+STM32WL and any other build with all four `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_*DB` flags set produces zero replay packets — `popReplayPacket` advances through each phase in microseconds without emitting anything.
+
+Special nonces that still mean something:
+
+- `SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_CONFIG` (69420) — skip node sync entirely, just config.
+- `SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES` (69421) — skip config segments, jump straight to `STATE_SEND_OWN_NODEINFO`. Still gets the post-COMPLETE_ID replay drain.
+
+There are no other reserved nonces; everything else is a fresh random `want_config_id` from the client.
+
+### v24 → v25 migration
+
+The legacy migration code lives in **`src/mesh/NodeDBLegacyMigration.cpp`**, not in `NodeDB.cpp`. It owns the `meshtastic_NodeDatabase_Legacy` callback and `NodeDB::migrateLegacyNodeDatabase()`. The legacy proto descriptor is `protobufs/meshtastic/deviceonly_legacy.proto` (only included by the migration TU). The boot path peeks the file's leading version tag, runs the migration if `version < 25`, then re-saves in v25 layout. The legacy descriptor is scheduled for removal once `DEVICESTATE_MIN_VER` is bumped.
+
+### Read-site rules of thumb
+
+- Never `node->position.X` / `node->device_metrics.X` — those fields no longer exist. Pull from the satellite map via `copyNodePosition` / `copyNodeTelemetry`.
+- Never `node->user.long_name` — `long_name`, `short_name`, `public_key`, `hw_model`, `role`, `macaddr` (gone), `is_licensed`, `is_unmessagable` are flat on `NodeInfoLite`.
+- Never `node->is_favorite` / `node->is_ignored` / `node->via_mqtt` / `node->is_key_manually_verified` — use the bitfield helpers.
+- Never assume `nodeDB->getMeshNode(num)->position.time` — call `copyNodePosition` and check the return.
+- Don't lock `satelliteMutex` yourself in renderer code; the copy-out accessors already do.
+
+Unit tests for the conversion layer live in `test/test_type_conversions/test_main.cpp` (Unity) — bitfield round-trips, `long_name` truncation, thin-vs-full conversions. Add cases there when extending the schema.
+
 ## Project Structure

 ```
@@ -80,7 +238,7 @@ firmware/
 │   │   ├── NodeDB.*       # Node database management
 │   │   ├── Router.*       # Packet routing
 │   │   ├── Channels.*     # Channel management
-│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CCM encryption
+│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CTR (channels) + X25519 ECDH→AES-256-CCM (PKI for DMs/admin)
 │   │   ├── *Interface.*   # Radio interface implementations
 │   │   ├── api/           # WiFi/Ethernet server APIs (ServerAPI, PacketAPI)
 │   │   ├── http/          # HTTP server (WebServer, ContentHandler)
@@ -131,6 +289,8 @@ firmware/
 - Prefer `LOG_DEBUG`, `LOG_INFO`, `LOG_WARN`, `LOG_ERROR` for logging
 - Use `assert()` for invariants that should never fail
 - C++17 features are available (`std::optional`, structured bindings, `if constexpr`, etc.)
+- **Keep code comments minimal — one or two lines, max.** Comment only when the _why_ isn't obvious from the code; never restate what the next line does. No multi-paragraph block comments explaining straightforward changes. The diff and commit message carry the rationale; the code carries the behavior.
+- **Use `Throttle` for time-based rate limiting, not raw `millis()` math.** `src/mesh/Throttle.h` provides `Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastMs, intervalMs)` (returns true while inside the cooldown) and `Throttle::execute(&lastMs, intervalMs, func)` (function-pointer form that updates the timestamp on fire). Use these for any "did N ms pass since X" check — raw `millis() > lastMs + N` is rollover-unsafe (breaks after ~49.7 days) and inconsistent with the rest of the codebase. The helpers compute `now - lastMs` with unsigned subtraction, which wraps correctly.

 ### Naming Conventions

@@ -296,6 +456,23 @@ Key defines in variant.h:

 ## Build System

+## Agent Tooling Baseline
+
+Mirror counterpart: `AGENTS.md` under **Agent Tooling Baseline**.
+
+To reduce avoidable agent mistakes, assume these tools are available (or install them before significant repo work):
+
+- **Required CLI basics**: `bash`, `git`, `find`, `grep`, `sed`, `awk`, `xargs`
+- **Strongly recommended**: `rg` (ripgrep) for fast file/text search, `jq` for JSON processing
+- **Build/test tools**: `python3`, `pip`, virtualenv (`python3 -m venv`), `platformio` (`pio`)
+- **Containerized native testing**: `docker` (fallback for non-Linux hosts; macOS can also build natively via `pio run -e native-macos`)
+
+Fallback expectations for agents:
+
+- If `rg` is unavailable, use `find` + `grep` instead of failing.
+- For native tests on hosts without Linux deps, prefer `./bin/test-native-docker.sh`.
+- The simulator helper script is `./bin/test-simulator.sh`.
+
 Uses **PlatformIO** with custom scripts:

 - `bin/platformio-pre.py` - Pre-build script
@@ -307,6 +484,7 @@ Build commands:
 pio run -e tbeam              # Build specific target
 pio run -e tbeam -t upload    # Build and upload
 pio run -e native             # Build native/Linux version
+pio run -e native-macos       # Build headless macOS meshtasticd (Homebrew prereqs in variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini)
 ```

 ### Build Manifest
@@ -448,6 +626,8 @@ Run with: `pio test -e native`

 Simulation testing: `bin/test-simulator.sh`

+Quick entry point for new test modules: `test/README.md` (native unit-test authoring guide, skeleton, pitfalls, and setup checklist).
+
 ### Hardware-in-the-loop tests (`mcp-server/tests/`)

 Separate pytest suite that exercises real USB-connected Meshtastic devices. See the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section below for invocation, tier layout, and agent usage rules.
@@ -490,6 +670,8 @@ Grouped by purpose. Full argument shapes in `mcp-server/README.md`; a few high-v

 `confirm=True` is a tool-level gate on top of whatever permission prompt your MCP host shows. **Don't bypass it** by asking the host to auto-approve — it exists specifically because MCP hosts sometimes remember "always allow this tool" and that's dangerous for `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `uhubctl_power(action='off')`, and `uhubctl_cycle`.

+**TCP / native-host nodes.** Setting `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST=<host[:port]>` makes `list_devices` surface a `meshtasticd` daemon (e.g. the `native-macos` build) as a synthetic `tcp://host:port` entry, and `connect()` routes through `meshtastic.tcp_interface.TCPInterface` instead of `SerialInterface`. Every read/write/admin tool that flows through `connect()` works against the daemon transparently. USB-only tools (`pio_flash`, `erase_and_flash`, `update_flash`, `touch_1200bps`, `serial_open`, `esptool_*`, `nrfutil_*`, `picotool_*`) raise a clear `ConnectionError` when handed a `tcp://` port; `pio_flash` against a `native*` env raises a `FlashError` (no upload step — use `build` and run the binary directly). The pytest harness still assumes USB-attached devices per role; TCP-aware fixtures are deferred. See `mcp-server/README.md` § "TCP / native-host nodes".
+
 ### Hardware test suite (`mcp-server/run-tests.sh`)

 The wrapper auto-detects connected devices (VID → role map: `0x239A` → `nrf52`, `0x303A`/`0x10C4` → `esp32s3`), maps each role to a PlatformIO env (`nrf52` → `rak4631`, `esp32s3` → `heltec-v3`, overridable via `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>`), then invokes pytest. Zero pre-flight config needed from the operator.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ CallbackObserver<MyModule, const meshtastic::Status *> statusObserver =

 Add test suite in `test/test_mymodule/`:

-```
+```text
 test/
 └── test_mymodule/
    └── test_main.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Guide for adding a new Meshtastic hardware variant to the firmware.

 Create under `variants/<arch>/<name>/`:

-```
+```text
 variants/
 ├── esp32/          # ESP32
 ├── esp32s3/        # ESP32-S3
@@ -32,10 +32,15 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        working-directory: meshtasticd
        run: |
+          # Build-tools (notably platformio) come from the Meshtastic project
+          # on the OpenSUSE Build Service:
+          # https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/network:Meshtastic:build-tools
+          echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/network:/Meshtastic:/build-tools/xUbuntu_24.04/ /' \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/network:Meshtastic:build-tools.list
+          curl -fsSL https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/network:Meshtastic:build-tools/xUbuntu_24.04/Release.key \
+            | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/network_Meshtastic_build-tools.gpg >/dev/null
          sudo apt-get update -y --fix-missing
-          sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common build-essential devscripts equivs
-          sudo add-apt-repository ppa:meshtastic/build-tools -y
-          sudo apt-get update -y --fix-missing
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential devscripts equivs
          sudo mk-build-deps --install --remove --tool='apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends --yes' debian/control

      - name: Import GPG key
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Build MacOS Binary
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      macos_ver:
+        required: false
+        default: "26" # ARM64
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build-MacOS:
+    runs-on: macos-${{ inputs.macos_ver }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Install deps
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          brew update
+          brew install platformio yaml-cpp libuv openssl@3 libusb argp-standalone pkg-config ulfius
+
+      - name: Get release version string
+        run: |
+          echo "long=$(./bin/buildinfo.py long)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        id: version
+
+      - name: Build for MacOS
+        run: |
+          platformio run -e native-macos
+        env:
+          PKG_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.long }}
+        # Errors in this step should not fail the entire workflow while MacOS support is in development.
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: List output files
+        run: ls -lah .pio/build/native-macos/
+
+      - name: Store binaries as an artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: firmware-macos-${{ inputs.macos_ver }}-${{ steps.version.outputs.long }}
+          overwrite: true
+          path: |
+            .pio/build/native-macos/meshtasticd
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV_GHA_7)
+      target:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
      arch:
        type: choice
        options:
+          - all
          - esp32
          - esp32s3
          - esp32c3
@@ -15,32 +20,18 @@ on:
          - rp2040
          - rp2350
          - stm32
-      target:
-        type: string
-        required: false
-        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
-      # find-target:
-      #   type: boolean
-      #   default: true
-      #   description: 'Find the available targets'
+        description: Choose an arch to limit the search, or 'all' to search all architectures.
+        default: all

 permissions: read-all

 jobs:
  find-targets:
-    if: ${{ inputs.target == '' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
+          - all
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -51,14 +42,37 @@ jobs:
      - run: pip install -U platformio
      - name: Generate matrix
        id: jsonStep
+        env:
+          BUILDTARGET: ${{ inputs.target }}
+          MATRIXARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
        run: |
          TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level extra)
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Arch: ${{matrix.arch}}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Targets:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) |.[] | "- " + .board' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          if [ "$BUILDTARGET" = "" ]; then
+            echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Arch: $MATRIXARCH" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "## 🎯 The following target boards are available to build:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) | sort_by(.platform) |.[] | "| " + .platform + " | " + .board + " |" ' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          else
+            echo "We build this one:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            ARCH=$(echo "$TARGETS" | jq --arg BUILDTARGET "$BUILDTARGET" -r '.[] | select(.board==$BUILDTARGET) | .platform')
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| $ARCH | "$BUILDTARGET" |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            if [[ "$ARCH" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "## ❌ Error: Target "$BUILDTARGET" not found!" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            else
+              echo "## ✅ Target "$BUILDTARGET" found, proceeding to build." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            fi
+            echo "You may need to refresh this page to make the built firmware appear below." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "arch=$ARCH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+    outputs:
+      arch: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.arch }}

  version:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' }}
@@ -78,12 +92,12 @@ jobs:

  build:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' && inputs.arch != 'native' }}
-    needs: [version]
+    needs: [version, find-targets]
    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
    with:
      version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
      pio_env: ${{ inputs.target }}
-      platform: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      platform: ${{ needs.find-targets.outputs.arch }}

  gather-artifacts:
    permissions:
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Sanitize platform string
        id: sanitize_platform
        # Replace slashes with underscores
-        run: echo "cleaned_platform=${{ inputs.platform }}" | sed 's/\//_/g' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        env:
+          plat: ${{ inputs.platform }}
+        run: echo "cleaned_platform=${plat}" | sed 's/\//_/g' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

      - name: Docker login
        if: ${{ inputs.push }}
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ jobs:
      push: true
    secrets: inherit

+  docker-debian-riscv64:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
+    with:
+      distro: debian
+      platform: linux/riscv64
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+      push: true
+    secrets: inherit
+
  docker-alpine-amd64:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
    with:
@@ -70,16 +79,27 @@ jobs:
      push: true
    secrets: inherit

+  docker-alpine-riscv64:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
+    with:
+      distro: alpine
+      platform: linux/riscv64
+      runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+      push: true
+    secrets: inherit
+
  docker-manifest:
    needs:
      # Debian
      - docker-debian-amd64
      - docker-debian-arm64
      - docker-debian-armv7
+      - docker-debian-riscv64
      # Alpine
      - docker-alpine-amd64
      - docker-alpine-arm64
      - docker-alpine-armv7
+      - docker-alpine-riscv64
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
@@ -162,6 +182,7 @@ jobs:
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-amd64.outputs.digest }}
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-arm64.outputs.digest }}
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-armv7.outputs.digest }}
+            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-debian-riscv64.outputs.digest }}

      - name: Docker meta (Alpine)
        id: meta_alpine
@@ -182,3 +203,4 @@ jobs:
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-amd64.outputs.digest }}
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-arm64.outputs.digest }}
            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-armv7.outputs.digest }}
+            meshtastic/meshtasticd@${{ needs.docker-alpine-riscv64.outputs.digest }}
@@ -116,6 +116,20 @@ jobs:
      build_location: local
    secrets: inherit

+  MacOS:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        macos_ver:
+          - "26" # ARM64
+          # - '26-intel' # x86_64
+          - "15" # ARM64
+          # - '15-intel' # x86_64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_macos_bin.yml
+    with:
+      macos_ver: ${{ matrix.macos_ver }}
+    # secrets: inherit
+
  package-pio-deps-native-tft:
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
    uses: ./.github/workflows/package_pio_deps.yml
@@ -286,6 +300,7 @@ jobs:
      - gather-artifacts
      - build-debian-src
      - package-pio-deps-native-tft
+      # - MacOS
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -86,7 +86,13 @@ jobs:
        run: sed -i 's/-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME/#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME/' platformio.ini

      - name: PlatformIO Tests
-        run: platformio test -e coverage -v --junit-output-path testreport.xml
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          # Filter out SKIPPED summary rows for hardware variants that can't run on the
+          # native host. They flood the log and make it harder to spot real failures.
+          # The JUnit XML is written directly to testreport.xml before the pipe, so
+          # the test artifact is unaffected.
+          platformio test -e coverage -v --junit-output-path testreport.xml 2>&1 | grep -v "[[:space:]]SKIPPED$"

      - name: Save test results
        if: always() # run this step even if previous step failed
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ data/boot/logo.*
 managed_components/*
 arduino-lib-builder*
 dependencies.lock
+
+# JLink / RTT debug artifacts (nRF SoCs)
+flash.jlink
+rtt_*.txt
 idf_component.yml
 CMakeLists.txt
 /sdkconfig.*
@@ -56,3 +60,9 @@ CMakeLists.txt
 .python3
 .claude/scheduled_tasks.lock
 userPrefs.jsonc.mcp-session-bak
+
+# Fake-NodeDB fixture pipeline (bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh)
+# JSONL seeds are committed (test/fixtures/nodedb/seed_v25_*.jsonl);
+# compiled .proto outputs are ephemeral build artifacts.
+build/fixtures/
+bin/_generated/
@@ -4,29 +4,29 @@ cli:
 plugins:
  sources:
    - id: trunk
-      ref: v1.7.6
+      ref: v1.10.0
      uri: https://github.com/trunk-io/plugins
 lint:
  enabled:
-    - checkov@3.2.524
-    - renovate@43.132.1
+    - checkov@3.2.529
+    - renovate@43.150.0
    - prettier@3.8.3
-    - trufflehog@3.94.3
+    - trufflehog@3.95.3
    - yamllint@1.38.0
    - bandit@1.9.4
    - trivy@0.70.0
    - taplo@0.10.0
-    - ruff@0.15.11
+    - ruff@0.15.13
    - isort@8.0.1
    - markdownlint@0.48.0
-    - oxipng@10.1.0
+    - oxipng@10.1.1
    - svgo@4.0.1
    - actionlint@1.7.12
    - flake8@7.3.0
    - hadolint@2.14.0
    - shfmt@3.6.0
    - shellcheck@0.11.0
-    - black@26.3.1
+    - black@26.5.1
    - git-diff-check
    - gitleaks@8.30.1
    - clang-format@16.0.3
@@ -34,9 +34,16 @@ lint:
    - linters: [ALL]
      paths:
        - bin/**
+    # Fake-NodeDB fixture JSONL files contain deterministic synthetic
+    # public_key_hex (64-char hex) values that gitleaks misidentifies as
+    # generic-api-key. These are not secrets — they're test fixtures
+    # produced by bin/gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py with a fixed RNG seed.
+    - linters: [gitleaks]
+      paths:
+        - test/fixtures/nodedb/seed_v25_*.jsonl
 runtimes:
  enabled:
-    - python@3.10.8
+    - python@3.14.4
    - go@1.21.0
    - node@22.16.0
 actions:
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
-    // See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846
-    // for the documentation about the extensions.json format
    "recommendations": [
-        "platformio.platformio-ide"
+        "Jason2866.esp-decoder",
+        "pioarduino.pioarduino-ide"
    ],
    "unwantedRecommendations": [
-        "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack"
+        "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
+        "platformio.platformio-ide"
    ]
 }
@@ -10,17 +10,18 @@ This file (`AGENTS.md`) is a short pointer + quick reference for agents that don

 ## Quick command reference

-| Action                           | Command                                                                             |
-| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Build a firmware variant         | `pio run -e <env>` (e.g. `pio run -e rak4631`, `pio run -e heltec-v3`)              |
-| Clean + rebuild                  | `pio run -e <env> -t clean && pio run -e <env>`                                     |
-| Flash a device                   | `pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>` (or use the `pio_flash` MCP tool) |
-| Run firmware unit tests (native) | `pio test -e native`                                                                |
-| Run MCP hardware tests           | `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh`                                                         |
-| Live TUI test runner             | `mcp-server/.venv/bin/meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`                                      |
-| Format before commit             | `trunk fmt`                                                                         |
-| Regenerate protobuf bindings     | `bin/regen-protos.sh`                                                               |
-| Generate CI matrix               | `./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py all [--level pr]`                                      |
+| Action                           | Command                                                                                                       |
+| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Build a firmware variant         | `pio run -e <env>` (e.g. `pio run -e rak4631`, `pio run -e heltec-v3`)                                        |
+| Build native macOS host binary   | `pio run -e native-macos` (Homebrew prereqs + CH341 LoRa setup in `variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini`) |
+| Clean + rebuild                  | `pio run -e <env> -t clean && pio run -e <env>`                                                               |
+| Flash a device                   | `pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>` (or use the `pio_flash` MCP tool)                           |
+| Run firmware unit tests (native) | `pio test -e native`                                                                                          |
+| Run MCP hardware tests           | `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh`                                                                                   |
+| Live TUI test runner             | `mcp-server/.venv/bin/meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`                                                                |
+| Format before commit             | `trunk fmt`                                                                                                   |
+| Regenerate protobuf bindings     | `bin/regen-protos.sh`                                                                                         |
+| Generate CI matrix               | `./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py all [--level pr]`                                                                |

 ## MCP server (device + test automation)

@@ -48,6 +49,15 @@ Three test-and-diagnose workflows exist as slash commands:

 Bodies live in `.claude/commands/` and `.github/prompts/` respectively. `.claude/commands/README.md` is the index.

+## Encryption at a glance
+
+Two layers, both in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`:
+
+- **Channel (symmetric)** — **AES-CTR** with a channel-wide PSK (AES-128 or AES-256). Nonce = packet_id ‖ from_node ‖ block_counter. No AEAD; integrity is soft (channel-hash filter). The well-known default PSK lives in `src/mesh/Channels.h`; a 1-byte PSK is a short-form index into it.
+- **Per-peer PKI** — **X25519 ECDH** (Curve25519, 32-byte keys) → SHA-256 → **AES-256-CCM** with an 8-byte MAC. Fresh 32-bit `extraNonce` per packet, sent in the clear alongside the MAC. 12-byte wire overhead (`MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`). Used for DMs. Also used for remote admin (`src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`), where AdminMessage authorization is gated by `config.security.admin_key[0..2]`. Disabled entirely in Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`).
+
+Key rotation to never trigger casually: only the **full** factory reset (`factory_reset_device`, `eraseBleBonds=true`) wipes `security.private_key` and regenerates the keypair — every peer holds the old public key, so DMs silently fail PKI decrypt until NodeInfo re-exchanges. The **partial** config reset (`factory_reset_config`) preserves the private key and doesn't invalidate peer relationships. Explicitly blanking `security.private_key` via admin also triggers regen. See the **Encryption & Key Management** section of `.github/copilot-instructions.md` for the full spec (nonce layout, send/receive selection logic including infrastructure-portnum exceptions, admin-key + session-passkey authorization, `is_managed` scope, key-rotation hazards).
+
 ## House rules

 - **No destructive device operations without operator approval.** `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `reboot`, `shutdown`, history-rewriting git ops — describe the action and stop. Operator authorizes.
@@ -56,6 +66,8 @@ Bodies live in `.claude/commands/` and `.github/prompts/` respectively. `.claude
 - **Don't speculate about firmware root causes.** When evidence doesn't support a classification, say "unknown" and list what would disambiguate.
 - **Run `trunk fmt` before proposing a commit.** The `trunk_check` CI gate will reject unformatted code.
 - **`confirm=True` on destructive MCP tools is a real gate, not a formality.** Don't bypass it via auto-approve settings.
+- **Keep code comments minimal — one or two lines, max.** Comment only when the _why_ isn't obvious from the code; never restate what the next line does. No multi-paragraph block comments explaining straightforward changes. The diff and commit message carry the rationale; the code carries the behavior.
+- **Use `Throttle` for time-based rate limiting, not raw `millis()` math.** `src/mesh/Throttle.h` provides `Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastMs, intervalMs)` (returns true while inside the cooldown) and `Throttle::execute(&lastMs, intervalMs, func)` (function-pointer form that updates the timestamp on fire). Use these for any "did N ms pass since X" check — raw `millis() > lastMs + N` is rollover-unsafe (breaks after ~49.7 days) and inconsistent with the rest of the codebase. The helpers compute `now - lastMs` with unsigned subtraction, which wraps correctly.

 ## Typical agent workflows

@@ -112,19 +124,21 @@ Sequence these; don't parallelize on the same port.
 - **Device fully wedged (no DFU)?** `mcp__meshtastic__uhubctl_cycle(role="nrf52", confirm=True)` hard-power-cycles it via USB hub PPPS. Needs `uhubctl` installed (`brew install uhubctl` / `apt install uhubctl`); on Linux without udev rules, permission errors fail fast, so use `sudo uhubctl` yourself or configure udev access.
 - **Port busy?** `lsof <port>` to find the holder. Usually a stale `pio device monitor` or zombie `meshtastic_mcp` process. Kill it.
 - **Multiple MCP servers running?** `ps aux | grep meshtastic_mcp` — zombies hold ports. Kill all but the one your host spawned.
+- **macOS: `LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY` on a CH341 LoRa adapter?** A third-party WCH `CH34xVCPDriver` is claiming interface 0. Find the bundle ID with `ioreg -p IOUSB -l -w 0 | grep -B2 -A30 0x5512`, then `sudo kmutil unload -b <bundleID>`. Apple's bundled CH34x kext targets the CH340 UART (PID 0x7523), not the SPI bridge — it's never the culprit.

 ## Environment variables (test harness)

-| Var                                  | Purpose                                                                                                                                        |
-| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>`          | Override PlatformIO env for a role (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_NRF52=rak4631-dap`). Default map: `nrf52→rak4631`, `esp32s3→heltec-v3`.           |
-| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED`                | PSK seed for the session test profile. Defaults to `mcp-<user>-<host>`.                                                                        |
-| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG`           | File path to tee pio/esptool/nrfutil/picotool output. `run-tests.sh` sets this to `tests/flash.log` so the TUI can stream live flash progress. |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_BIN`             | Absolute path to `uhubctl` binary. Default: PATH lookup.                                                                                       |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_LOCATION_<ROLE>` | Pin a role to a specific uhubctl hub location (e.g. `1-1.3`). Wins over VID auto-detection — use when multiple devices share a VID.            |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_PORT_<ROLE>`     | Pin a role to a specific hub port number. Required alongside `LOCATION_<ROLE>`.                                                                |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_BACKEND`       | Camera backend for UI tier + `capture_screen` tool: `opencv` / `ffmpeg` / `null` / `auto` (default).                                           |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE`        | Generic camera device (index or path). Used by the UI tier when no per-role var is set.                                                        |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_<ROLE>` | Per-role camera pinning (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_ESP32S3=0` for the OLED-bearing heltec-v3).                                         |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UI_OCR_BACKEND`          | OCR engine selection: `easyocr` / `pytesseract` / `null` / `auto` (default).                                                                   |
-| `MESHTASTIC_UI_TUI_CAMERA`           | Set to `1` to mount the live camera-feed panel in `meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`.                                                                   |
+| Var                                  | Purpose                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>`          | Override PlatformIO env for a role (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_NRF52=rak4631-dap`). Default map: `nrf52→rak4631`, `esp32s3→heltec-v3`.                                                                       |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED`                | PSK seed for the session test profile. Defaults to `mcp-<user>-<host>`.                                                                                                                                    |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG`           | File path to tee pio/esptool/nrfutil/picotool output. `run-tests.sh` sets this to `tests/flash.log` so the TUI can stream live flash progress.                                                             |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST`            | `host` or `host:port` of a `meshtasticd` daemon (e.g. the `native-macos` build). Surfaces it in `list_devices` as `tcp://host:port` so `connect()`-based tools target it transparently. Default port 4403. |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_BIN`             | Absolute path to `uhubctl` binary. Default: PATH lookup.                                                                                                                                                   |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_LOCATION_<ROLE>` | Pin a role to a specific uhubctl hub location (e.g. `1-1.3`). Wins over VID auto-detection — use when multiple devices share a VID.                                                                        |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_PORT_<ROLE>`     | Pin a role to a specific hub port number. Required alongside `LOCATION_<ROLE>`.                                                                                                                            |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_BACKEND`       | Camera backend for UI tier + `capture_screen` tool: `opencv` / `ffmpeg` / `null` / `auto` (default).                                                                                                       |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE`        | Generic camera device (index or path). Used by the UI tier when no per-role var is set.                                                                                                                    |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_<ROLE>` | Per-role camera pinning (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_ESP32S3=0` for the OLED-bearing heltec-v3).                                                                                                     |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UI_OCR_BACKEND`          | OCR engine selection: `easyocr` / `pytesseract` / `null` / `auto` (default).                                                                                                                               |
+| `MESHTASTIC_UI_TUI_CAMERA`           | Set to `1` to mount the live camera-feed panel in `meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`.                                                                                                                               |
@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3008): Do not pin apt package versions
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3013): Do not pin pip package versions

-FROM python:3.14-slim-trixie AS builder
+FROM debian:trixie AS builder
 ARG PIO_ENV=native
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV TZ=Etc/UTC

 # Install Dependencies
 ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
+ENV PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=1
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
        curl wget g++ zip git ca-certificates pkg-config \
+        python3-pip python3-grpc-tools \
        libgpiod-dev libyaml-cpp-dev libbluetooth-dev libi2c-dev libuv1-dev \
        libusb-1.0-0-dev libulfius-dev liborcania-dev libssl-dev \
        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libsqlite3-dev libsdl2-dev \
@@ -3,12 +3,19 @@
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3018): Do not pin apk package versions
 # trunk-ignore-all(hadolint/DL3013): Do not pin pip package versions

-FROM python:3.14-alpine3.22 AS builder
+# Ensure the Alpine version is updated in both stages of the container!
+FROM alpine:3.23 AS builder
 ARG PIO_ENV=native
-ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore

+# Enable Alpine community repository (for 'py3-grpcio-tools')
+RUN echo "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cut -d. -f1,2 /etc/alpine-release)/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories
+
+# Install Dependencies
+ENV PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
+ENV PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=1
 RUN apk --no-cache add \
        bash g++ libstdc++-dev linux-headers zip git ca-certificates libbsd-dev \
+        py3-pip py3-grpcio-tools \
        libgpiod-dev yaml-cpp-dev bluez-dev \
        libusb-dev i2c-tools-dev libuv-dev openssl-dev pkgconf argp-standalone \
        libx11-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev sqlite-dev sdl2-dev \
@@ -60,4 +67,4 @@ EXPOSE 4403

 CMD [ "sh",  "-cx", "meshtasticd --fsdir=/var/lib/meshtasticd" ]

-HEALTHCHECK NONE
+HEALTHCHECK NONE
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Post-process protoc-generated Python files to live under a local namespace.
+
+Called by bin/regen-py-protos.sh. Walks the generated *_pb2.py files in the
+target directory and rewrites every `meshtastic` reference (imports, dotted
+attribute access) to use the new namespace (e.g., `meshtastic_v25`).
+
+Why: the .proto files declare `package meshtastic;`, so protoc emits
+`from meshtastic import mesh_pb2 as ...` lines. That would shadow the PyPI
+`meshtastic` package which other parts of the mcp-server depend on. Renaming
+to a local namespace keeps both available.
+
+Usage:
+    _rewrite_proto_namespace.py <generated_dir> <new_namespace>
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+def rewrite(dir_path: pathlib.Path, new_ns: str) -> int:
+    # Standard protoc import forms:
+    #   from meshtastic.X_pb2 import ...     (rare, for direct symbol pulls)
+    #   from meshtastic import X_pb2 as ...  (common, the cross-file ref)
+    #   import meshtastic.X_pb2              (also possible)
+    pattern_dotted_from = re.compile(r"^from meshtastic\.", re.MULTILINE)
+    pattern_bare_from = re.compile(r"^from meshtastic import ", re.MULTILINE)
+    pattern_dotted_import = re.compile(r"^import meshtastic\.", re.MULTILINE)
+
+    count = 0
+    for p in dir_path.glob("*.py"):
+        text = p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        new = pattern_dotted_from.sub(f"from {new_ns}.", text)
+        new = pattern_bare_from.sub(f"from {new_ns} import ", new)
+        new = pattern_dotted_import.sub(f"import {new_ns}.", new)
+        # NOTE: we deliberately leave `meshtastic/X.proto` source-filename
+        # references inside descriptor strings alone. The descriptor pool is
+        # keyed by source filename (independent of Python package layout), so
+        # those don't collide with the PyPI package's descriptors.
+        if new != text:
+            p.write_text(new, encoding="utf-8")
+            count += 1
+    return count
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    if len(argv) != 2:
+        print("usage: _rewrite_proto_namespace.py <generated_dir> <new_namespace>", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+    dir_path = pathlib.Path(argv[0])
+    new_ns = argv[1]
+    if not dir_path.is_dir():
+        print(f"directory not found: {dir_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+    n = rewrite(dir_path, new_ns)
+    print(f"rewrote {n} file(s) in {dir_path} → namespace {new_ns}", file=sys.stderr)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ cp bin/device-install.* $OUTDIR/
 cp bin/device-update.* $OUTDIR/

 echo "Copying manifest"
-cp $BUILDDIR/$basename.mt.json $OUTDIR/$basename.mt.json || true
+cp $BUILDDIR/$basename.mt.json $OUTDIR/$basename.mt.json
@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@ basename=meshtasticd-$1-$VERSION
 pio pkg install --environment "$PIO_ENV" || platformioFailed
 pio run --environment "$PIO_ENV" || platformioFailed

-cp "$BUILDDIR/meshtasticd" "$OUTDIR/meshtasticd_linux_$(uname -m)"
+os_name=$(uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+cp "$BUILDDIR/meshtasticd" "$OUTDIR/meshtasticd_${os_name}_$(uname -m)"
 cp bin/native-install.* $OUTDIR/
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [HIGH, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HF: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_GNSS: [LOW, LOW, HIGH]
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins:
+    - DIO5
+    - DIO6
+  MODE_STBY:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_RX:
+    - HIGH
+    - LOW
+  MODE_TX:
+    - HIGH
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HP:
+    - LOW
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HF:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_GNSS:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_WIFI:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  # MODE_TX_HF: []
+  # MODE_GNSS: []
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# For use with Armbian luckfox-pico-max
+# Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
+# https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LoRa-SX1262
+
+Meta:
+  name: luckfox-pico-max-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-hat
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-max # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  spidev: spidev0.0
+  Busy: # GPIO1_C7 / GP2
+    pin: 55
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 23
+  CS: # GPIO1_C6 / GP3
+    pin: 54
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 22
+  Reset: # GPIO1_D1 / GP15
+    pin: 57
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 25
+  IRQ: # GPIO2_A2 / GP20
+    pin: 66
+    gpiochip: 2
+    line: 2
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Station G3 motherboard with a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W as the MCU daughterboard.
+# Verify spidev / I2C device paths for your OS — they may differ.
+Meta:
+  name: Station G3
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  IRQ: 22                       # BCM pin — wiki spec
+  Reset: 16                     # BCM pin — wiki spec
+  Busy: 24                      # BCM pin — wiki spec
+  # CS: 8                       # BCM 8 = SPI0 CE0 (default); uncomment only to override
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  spidev: spidev0.0
+  # SX126X_MAX_POWER: 19        # matches Station G2 firmware cap; raise carefully per PA jumper mode
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Deterministic seed-data generator for the fake NodeDB fixture pipeline.
+
+Writes a JSONL file describing N fake-but-realistic Meshtastic peers.
+The output is hand-editable and committed; a sibling compile step
+(bin/seed-json-to-proto.py) turns it into a binary `meshtastic_NodeDatabase`
+v25 protobuf with fresh "now-relative" timestamps.
+
+Determinism contract:
+  Same --seed -> byte-identical JSONL output, regardless of wall clock.
+  All timestamps are stored as `*_offset_sec` (seconds before "now"); the
+  compile step resolves them to absolute epochs at compile time.
+
+Structural fields covered:
+  * NodeInfoLite header: num, long_name, short_name, hw_model, role,
+    public_key, snr, channel, hops_away, next_hop, bitfield flags
+  * PositionLite: lat/long Gaussian around --centroid, altitude, source
+  * DeviceMetrics: battery/voltage/util/uptime
+  * EnvironmentMetrics: temp/humidity/pressure/iaq
+  * StatusMessage: error_code (usually zero)
+
+Active-board allow-list:
+  hw_model values are restricted to the intersection of
+    (a) variants with `custom_meshtastic_support_level = 1` in
+        variants/*/*/platformio.ini, AND
+    (b) values present in the `HardwareModel` enum in mesh.proto.
+  See HW_MODEL_WEIGHTS below. Deprecated boards (legacy TLORA / Heltec V1-2 /
+  classic TBEAM / TBEAM_V0P7 / Nano G1 / etc.) and fuzzer-only sentinels
+  (PORTDUINO, ANDROID_SIM, DIY_V1, ...) are excluded.
+
+Active-role allow-list:
+  Excludes ROUTER_CLIENT (deprecated v2.3.15) and REPEATER (deprecated v2.7.11).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import datetime as _dt
+import json
+import math
+import pathlib
+import random
+import sys
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Active-board allow-list (intersection of tier-1 variants + HardwareModel enum).
+# Refresh by running:
+#   for f in $(find variants -name 'platformio.ini' | xargs grep -lE 'custom_meshtastic_support_level = 1'); do
+#       grep custom_meshtastic_hw_model_slug $f | awk -F= '{print $2}' | tr -d ' ';
+#   done | sort -u | comm -12 - <(python3 -c "from meshtastic.protobuf.mesh_pb2 import HardwareModel; print('\\n'.join(HardwareModel.keys()))" | sort)
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+HW_MODEL_WEIGHTS: dict[str, float] = {
+    "HELTEC_V3": 14.0,
+    "T_DECK": 9.0,
+    "HELTEC_V4": 8.0,
+    "RAK4631": 8.0,
+    "HELTEC_MESH_POCKET": 6.0,
+    "TRACKER_T1000_E": 5.0,
+    "HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T114": 5.0,
+    "T_DECK_PRO": 5.0,
+    "LILYGO_TBEAM_S3_CORE": 4.0,
+    "HELTEC_WIRELESS_PAPER": 4.0,
+    "HELTEC_WSL_V3": 3.0,
+    "T_ECHO": 3.0,
+    "HELTEC_WIRELESS_TRACKER": 3.0,
+    "HELTEC_WIRELESS_TRACKER_V2": 2.0,
+    "HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_E290": 2.0,
+    "HELTEC_MESH_SOLAR": 2.0,
+    "SEEED_WIO_TRACKER_L1": 2.0,
+    "T_LORA_PAGER": 1.5,
+    "HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_E213": 1.5,
+    "T_ECHO_PLUS": 1.0,
+    "MUZI_BASE": 1.0,
+    "WISMESH_TAP_V2": 1.0,
+    "THINKNODE_M2": 1.0,
+    "THINKNODE_M5": 1.0,
+    "TLORA_T3_S3": 1.0,
+    # Long tail (uniform low weight across remaining tier-1 boards):
+    "HELTEC_V4_R8": 0.3,
+    "HELTEC_VISION_MASTER_T190": 0.3,
+    "HELTEC_HT62": 0.3,
+    "HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096": 0.3,
+    "M5STACK_C6L": 0.3,
+    "MINI_EPAPER_S3": 0.3,
+    "MUZI_R1_NEO": 0.3,
+    "NOMADSTAR_METEOR_PRO": 0.3,
+    "RAK3312": 0.3,
+    "RAK3401": 0.3,
+    "SEEED_SOLAR_NODE": 0.3,
+    "SEEED_WIO_TRACKER_L1_EINK": 0.3,
+    "SENSECAP_INDICATOR": 0.3,
+    "TBEAM_1_WATT": 0.3,
+    "THINKNODE_M1": 0.3,
+    "THINKNODE_M3": 0.3,
+    "THINKNODE_M6": 0.3,
+    "T_ECHO_LITE": 0.3,
+    "WISMESH_TAG": 0.3,
+    "WISMESH_TAP": 0.3,
+    "XIAO_NRF52_KIT": 0.3,
+    "CROWPANEL": 0.3,
+}
+
+# Non-deprecated roles only.
+ROLE_WEIGHTS: dict[str, float] = {
+    "CLIENT": 75.0,
+    "CLIENT_MUTE": 5.0,
+    "ROUTER": 7.0,
+    "TRACKER": 3.0,
+    "SENSOR": 2.0,
+    "CLIENT_HIDDEN": 2.0,
+    "ROUTER_LATE": 2.0,
+    "CLIENT_BASE": 2.0,
+    "TAK": 1.0,
+    "TAK_TRACKER": 0.5,
+    "LOST_AND_FOUND": 0.5,
+}
+
+# Name pools — 60 firsts × 60 lasts = 3600 combinations.
+FIRSTS = [
+    "Quick", "Brave", "Silent", "Wild", "Lone", "Bright", "Red", "Blue",
+    "Green", "Black", "White", "Iron", "Steel", "Copper", "Silver", "Gold",
+    "Stone", "River", "Forest", "Mountain", "Canyon", "Desert", "Storm", "Sky",
+    "Solar", "Lunar", "Dawn", "Dusk", "Misty", "Frosty", "Sunny", "Shady",
+    "Happy", "Sleepy", "Drowsy", "Sneaky", "Sharp", "Smooth", "Rough", "Loud",
+    "Soft", "Slow", "Fast", "Tall", "Short", "Old", "New", "Tiny",
+    "Giant", "Hidden", "Lost", "Found", "Wandering", "Roving", "Drifting", "Floating",
+    "Burning", "Frozen", "Whispering", "Howling",
+]
+LASTS = [
+    "Phoenix", "Lion", "Bear", "Wolf", "Hawk", "Eagle", "Fox", "Lynx",
+    "Cougar", "Coyote", "Raven", "Owl", "Crow", "Falcon", "Heron", "Crane",
+    "Otter", "Badger", "Bison", "Elk", "Moose", "Stag", "Doe", "Hare",
+    "Marmot", "Mole", "Beaver", "Squirrel", "Mustang", "Bronco", "Pony", "Colt",
+    "Cobra", "Viper", "Mamba", "Adder", "Gecko", "Iguana", "Tortoise", "Turtle",
+    "Salmon", "Trout", "Bass", "Pike", "Shark", "Whale", "Dolphin", "Seal",
+    "Cactus", "Yucca", "Sage", "Juniper", "Pine", "Cedar", "Aspen", "Oak",
+    "Bluff", "Mesa", "Arroyo", "Ridge",
+]
+
+# Brief callsign pool for licensed-looking suffixes.
+CALLSIGN_PREFIXES = ["KX", "WD", "N5", "KE", "AB", "W5", "K1", "KQ", "AE", "NM"]
+
+# Only emojis that fit in 4 UTF-8 bytes (no variation selectors). short_name's
+# nanopb max_size:5 (incl. NUL) limits content to 4 bytes. ❄️ / ☀️ would be
+# 6 bytes due to U+FE0F variation selector — explicitly excluded.
+EMOJI_SHORTNAMES = ["🦊", "🐺", "🦅", "🐢", "🌵", "🔥", "🌙",
+                    "🌊", "🗻", "🌲", "🦌", "🐝", "🦂", "🦉",
+                    "🦇", "🦋"]
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helpers
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+NUM_RESERVED = 4         # firmware reserves 0..3 (per NodeDB constants)
+NUM_MAX_EXCLUSIVE = 0x80000000  # restrict to positive int32 range for readability
+
+
+def _weighted_choice(rng: random.Random, weights: dict[str, float]) -> str:
+    """Deterministic weighted pick. Uses sorted keys so dict order is fixed."""
+    keys = sorted(weights.keys())
+    totals = [weights[k] for k in keys]
+    return rng.choices(keys, weights=totals, k=1)[0]
+
+
+def _gen_long_name(rng: random.Random, is_licensed: bool) -> str:
+    base = f"{rng.choice(FIRSTS)} {rng.choice(LASTS)}"
+    if is_licensed:
+        prefix = rng.choice(CALLSIGN_PREFIXES)
+        # Two trailing alpha chars after the digit; keep within 25 - len(base) - 1
+        suffix = f" {prefix}{rng.randint(0,9)}{rng.choice('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')}{rng.choice('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')}"
+        # nanopb max_size:25 means C string fits 24 bytes + NUL.
+        if len(base) + len(suffix) <= 24:
+            base = base + suffix
+    # Hard cap to 24 chars (nanopb max_size:25 minus NUL).
+    return base[:24]
+
+
+def _gen_short_name(rng: random.Random, long_name: str) -> str:
+    # 10% emoji-only short_name
+    if rng.random() < 0.10:
+        return rng.choice(EMOJI_SHORTNAMES)
+    first_char = long_name[0].upper() if long_name else "X"
+    alphanums = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
+    return first_char + "".join(rng.choices(alphanums, k=3))
+
+
+def _gen_hops_away(rng: random.Random) -> int:
+    # Geometric-ish: 0→55%, 1→25%, 2→12%, 3→5%, 4→2%, 5+→1%
+    r = rng.random()
+    if r < 0.55:
+        return 0
+    if r < 0.80:
+        return 1
+    if r < 0.92:
+        return 2
+    if r < 0.97:
+        return 3
+    if r < 0.99:
+        return 4
+    return rng.randint(5, 7)
+
+
+def _gen_position(
+    rng: random.Random,
+    centroid_lat: float,
+    centroid_lon: float,
+    spread_km: float,
+    last_heard_offset_sec: int,
+) -> dict:
+    # 1 deg ≈ 111 km at the equator; we use this as a flat approximation.
+    lat = centroid_lat + rng.gauss(0.0, spread_km / 111.0)
+    lon = centroid_lon + rng.gauss(0.0, spread_km / 111.0)
+    altitude = max(0, round(rng.gauss(1376.0, 250.0)))  # T or C valley floor + relief
+    # Position was reported up to 300s before last_heard.
+    time_offset_sec = last_heard_offset_sec + rng.randint(0, 300)
+    return {
+        "latitude": round(lat, 6),
+        "longitude": round(lon, 6),
+        "altitude": altitude,
+        "time_offset_sec": time_offset_sec,
+        "location_source": "LOC_INTERNAL",
+    }
+
+
+def _gen_telemetry(rng: random.Random) -> dict:
+    # 5% plugged-in (battery_level == 101); rest uniform [10..100].
+    if rng.random() < 0.05:
+        battery_level = 101
+        voltage = 4.20
+    else:
+        battery_level = rng.randint(10, 100)
+        voltage = round(3.3 + (battery_level / 100.0) * 0.9, 3)
+    # Beta distributions for low/right-skewed metrics; randomly draw via gammavariate.
+    def _beta(a: float, b: float) -> float:
+        x = rng.gammavariate(a, 1.0)
+        y = rng.gammavariate(b, 1.0)
+        return x / (x + y)
+    channel_utilization = round(_beta(2.0, 15.0) * 100.0, 2)
+    air_util_tx = round(_beta(1.5, 20.0) * 10.0, 3)
+    uptime_seconds = int(rng.expovariate(1.0 / 86400.0))
+    return {
+        "battery_level": battery_level,
+        "voltage": voltage,
+        "channel_utilization": channel_utilization,
+        "air_util_tx": air_util_tx,
+        "uptime_seconds": uptime_seconds,
+    }
+
+
+def _gen_environment(rng: random.Random) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "temperature": round(rng.gauss(22.0, 8.0), 2),
+        "relative_humidity": round(min(100.0, max(0.0, rng.gauss(55.0, 20.0))), 2),
+        "barometric_pressure": round(rng.gauss(1013.0, 8.0), 2),
+        "iaq": int(min(500, max(0, round(rng.gauss(50.0, 30.0))))),
+    }
+
+
+def _gen_status(rng: random.Random) -> dict:
+    # `StatusMessage` (mesh.proto:1445) has a single free-form `string status`.
+    # Most peers report a healthy short status; occasional alert string.
+    healthy = ["OK", "online", "active", "running", "ready", "nominal"]
+    alert = ["low-batt", "no-gps", "weak-signal", "rebooted", "offline-soon"]
+    if rng.random() < 0.92:
+        return {"status": rng.choice(healthy)}
+    return {"status": rng.choice(alert)}
+
+
+def _gen_node(
+    rng: random.Random,
+    num: int,
+    centroid_lat: float,
+    centroid_lon: float,
+    spread_km: float,
+    coverage: dict[str, float],
+    last_heard_mean_sec: int,
+    last_heard_max_sec: int,
+) -> dict:
+    is_licensed = rng.random() < 0.05
+    long_name = _gen_long_name(rng, is_licensed)
+    short_name = _gen_short_name(rng, long_name)
+    hw_model = _weighted_choice(rng, HW_MODEL_WEIGHTS)
+    role = _weighted_choice(rng, ROLE_WEIGHTS)
+    has_public_key = rng.random() < 0.92
+    public_key_hex = (
+        "".join(f"{rng.randint(0,255):02x}" for _ in range(32)) if has_public_key else ""
+    )
+    snr = round(max(-20.0, min(12.0, rng.gauss(6.0, 4.0))), 2)
+    channel = 0 if rng.random() < 0.90 else rng.randint(1, 7)
+    hops_away = _gen_hops_away(rng)
+    next_hop = rng.randint(0, 255) if hops_away > 0 else 0
+    last_heard_offset_sec = int(min(rng.expovariate(1.0 / last_heard_mean_sec), last_heard_max_sec))
+
+    bitfield = {
+        "has_user": True,
+        "is_favorite": rng.random() < 0.08,
+        "is_muted": rng.random() < 0.03,
+        "via_mqtt": rng.random() < 0.12,
+        "is_ignored": rng.random() < 0.01,
+        "is_licensed": is_licensed,
+        "has_is_unmessagable": True,
+        "is_unmessagable": rng.random() < 0.02,
+        "is_key_manually_verified": rng.random() < 0.04,
+    }
+
+    node: dict = {
+        "num": f"0x{num:08x}",
+        "long_name": long_name,
+        "short_name": short_name,
+        "hw_model": hw_model,
+        "role": role,
+        "public_key_hex": public_key_hex,
+        "snr": snr,
+        "channel": channel,
+        "hops_away": hops_away,
+        "next_hop": next_hop,
+        "last_heard_offset_sec": last_heard_offset_sec,
+        "bitfield": bitfield,
+        "position": (
+            _gen_position(rng, centroid_lat, centroid_lon, spread_km, last_heard_offset_sec)
+            if rng.random() < coverage["position"]
+            else None
+        ),
+        "telemetry": _gen_telemetry(rng) if rng.random() < coverage["telemetry"] else None,
+        "environment": _gen_environment(rng) if rng.random() < coverage["environment"] else None,
+        "status": _gen_status(rng) if rng.random() < coverage["status"] else None,
+    }
+    return node
+
+
+def _parse_my_node_num(s: str | None) -> int | None:
+    if s is None:
+        return None
+    s = s.strip()
+    if s.startswith("0x") or s.startswith("0X"):
+        return int(s, 16)
+    return int(s)
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Deterministic JSONL seed for the fake NodeDB fixture.",
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--count", type=int, required=True, help="Number of fake nodes to emit.")
+    p.add_argument("--seed", type=int, required=True, help="Deterministic seed.")
+    p.add_argument("--out", required=True, help="Output JSONL path.")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--centroid",
+        default="33.1284,-107.2528",
+        help="LAT,LON centroid (default: Truth or Consequences, NM).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--spread-km", type=float, default=60.0, help="Gaussian std-dev in km.")
+    p.add_argument("--position-coverage", type=float, default=0.85)
+    p.add_argument("--telemetry-coverage", type=float, default=0.70)
+    p.add_argument("--environment-coverage", type=float, default=0.25)
+    p.add_argument("--status-coverage", type=float, default=0.40)
+    p.add_argument("--my-node-num", default=None, help="Exclude this NodeNum from generated set (hex or dec).")
+    p.add_argument("--last-heard-mean-sec", type=int, default=3600)
+    p.add_argument("--last-heard-max-sec", type=int, default=7 * 86400)
+    args = p.parse_args(argv)
+
+    if args.count <= 0:
+        print("--count must be positive", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    try:
+        centroid_lat, centroid_lon = (float(s) for s in args.centroid.split(","))
+    except ValueError:
+        print(f"--centroid must be LAT,LON; got {args.centroid!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    my_node_num = _parse_my_node_num(args.my_node_num)
+
+    rng = random.Random(args.seed)
+
+    # 1) Generate a unique deterministic set of NodeNums.
+    nums: set[int] = set()
+    while len(nums) < args.count:
+        n = rng.randrange(NUM_RESERVED, NUM_MAX_EXCLUSIVE)
+        if my_node_num is not None and n == my_node_num:
+            continue
+        nums.add(n)
+    ordered_nums = sorted(nums)  # sort to fix output order independent of set hash
+
+    # 2) Per-node generation (in num order, single RNG continues).
+    coverage = {
+        "position": args.position_coverage,
+        "telemetry": args.telemetry_coverage,
+        "environment": args.environment_coverage,
+        "status": args.status_coverage,
+    }
+    nodes = [
+        _gen_node(
+            rng,
+            n,
+            centroid_lat,
+            centroid_lon,
+            args.spread_km,
+            coverage,
+            args.last_heard_mean_sec,
+            args.last_heard_max_sec,
+        )
+        for n in ordered_nums
+    ]
+
+    # 3) Write JSONL.
+    out_path = pathlib.Path(args.out)
+    out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # `generated_at_iso` is informational; it does NOT affect determinism because
+    # we derive it from the seed, not from wall clock. (Same seed -> same string.)
+    generated_at = _dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(args.seed, tz=_dt.timezone.utc).isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z")
+    meta = {
+        "_meta": {
+            "version": 25,
+            "seed": args.seed,
+            "count": args.count,
+            "centroid": [centroid_lat, centroid_lon],
+            "spread_km": args.spread_km,
+            "generated_at_iso": generated_at,
+            "my_node_num_excluded": (None if my_node_num is None else f"0x{my_node_num:08x}"),
+            "coverage": coverage,
+            "last_heard_mean_sec": args.last_heard_mean_sec,
+            "last_heard_max_sec": args.last_heard_max_sec,
+        }
+    }
+    with out_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        # `ensure_ascii=False` so emoji short_names survive. `sort_keys=True` for
+        # determinism (insertion order varies by Python version otherwise).
+        f.write(json.dumps(meta, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True) + "\n")
+        for node in nodes:
+            f.write(json.dumps(node, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True) + "\n")
+
+    print(f"wrote {args.count} nodes to {out_path} ({out_path.stat().st_size} bytes)", file=sys.stderr)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
  </screenshots>

  <releases>
+    <release version="2.7.24" date="2026-05-08">
+      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.24</url>
+    </release>
    <release version="2.7.23" date="2026-04-14">
      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.23</url>
    </release>
@@ -293,9 +293,12 @@ if ("HAS_TFT", 1) in env.get("CPPDEFINES", []):
 board_arch = infer_architecture(env.BoardConfig())
 should_skip_manifest = board_arch is None

-# For host/native envs, avoid depending on 'buildprog' (some targets don't define it)
-mtjson_deps = [] if should_skip_manifest else ["buildprog"]
-if not should_skip_manifest and platform.name == "espressif32":
+# Most platforms can generate the manifest as part of the default 'buildprog' target.
+# Typically this passes success/failure properly.
+mtjson_deps = ["buildprog"]
+if platform.name == "espressif32":
+    # On ESP32, we need to explicitly depend upon the binary to prevent fake-success upon failure.
+    mtjson_deps = ["$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin"]
    # Build littlefs image as part of mtjson target
    # Equivalent to `pio run -t buildfs`
    target_lfs = env.DataToBin(
@@ -309,7 +312,8 @@ if should_skip_manifest:

    env.AddCustomTarget(
        name="mtjson",
-        dependencies=mtjson_deps,
+        # For host/native envs, avoid depending on 'buildprog' (some targets don't define it)
+        dependencies=[],
        actions=[skip_manifest],
        title="Meshtastic Manifest (skipped)",
        description="mtjson generation is skipped for native environments",
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Regenerate the fake-NodeDB fixtures: produces 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000-node
+# JSONL seed files + their compiled v25 protobufs.
+#
+# Layout:
+#   test/fixtures/nodedb/seed_v25_<N>.jsonl   — COMMITTED, hand-editable.
+#   build/fixtures/nodedb/nodes_v25_<N>.proto — .gitignored, build artifact.
+#                                               Drop into /prefs/nodes.proto.
+#
+# Daily use:  ./bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh
+#   - Recompiles protos from committed seeds (fresh wall-clock timestamps).
+# Intentional seed bump:  REGEN_SEEDS=yes ./bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh
+#   - Overwrites the committed JSONL files with freshly-seeded data.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+
+# 1) Make sure the Python protobuf bindings exist (in-tree generation; .gitignored).
+if [[ ! -d bin/_generated/meshtastic ]]; then
+    echo "regenerating Python protobuf bindings (one-time)..."
+    ./bin/regen-py-protos.sh
+fi
+
+# 2) Pick a Python interpreter that has the meshtastic deps installed.
+#    Prefer the mcp-server venv (most likely to be set up by the operator).
+PY="python3"
+for cand in mcp-server/.venv/bin/python3 .venv/bin/python3; do
+    if [[ -x "$cand" ]]; then
+        PY="$cand"
+        break
+    fi
+done
+
+# 3) Pinned seeds per size — bump only when you intentionally want different
+#    structural data committed. Parallel arrays so the script works on
+#    macOS bash 3.2 (no `declare -A`).
+SIZES=(250 500 1000 2000)
+SEEDS=(20260511 20260512 20260513 20260514)
+
+REGEN_SEEDS="${REGEN_SEEDS:-no}"
+
+mkdir -p build/fixtures/nodedb test/fixtures/nodedb
+
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+    n="${SIZES[$i]}"
+    seed="${SEEDS[$i]}"
+    jsonl=$(printf "test/fixtures/nodedb/seed_v25_%04d.jsonl" "$n")
+    proto=$(printf "build/fixtures/nodedb/nodes_v25_%04d.proto" "$n")
+
+    if [[ "$REGEN_SEEDS" == "yes" || ! -f "$jsonl" ]]; then
+        $PY bin/gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py \
+            --count "$n" \
+            --seed "$seed" \
+            --out "$jsonl" \
+            --centroid 33.1284,-107.2528 \
+            --spread-km 60 \
+            --position-coverage 0.85 \
+            --telemetry-coverage 0.70 \
+            --environment-coverage 0.25 \
+            --status-coverage 0.40
+        echo "  seed:   $jsonl ($(wc -c < "$jsonl") bytes)"
+    fi
+
+    $PY bin/seed-json-to-proto.py --in "$jsonl" --out "$proto"
+    echo "  proto:  $proto ($(wc -c < "$proto") bytes)"
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "Done. To load on Portduino native:"
+echo "  cp build/fixtures/nodedb/nodes_v25_1000.proto ~/.portduino/default/prefs/nodes.proto"
+echo ""
+echo "To push to a hardware device:"
+echo "  Use the mcp-server tool: push_fake_nodedb(size=1000, target=\"hardware\", port=\"/dev/cu.usbmodemXXXX\", confirm=True)"
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Regenerate Python protobuf bindings from the in-tree `protobufs/` submodule
+# into `bin/_generated/`. Called by bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh; also useful as
+# a standalone refresh after any change to a .proto file.
+#
+# Output is .gitignored — bindings are a build artifact.
+#
+# Namespace rewrite:
+# The .proto files declare `package meshtastic;`, which makes protoc emit
+# imports like `from meshtastic import mesh_pb2`. That conflicts with the
+# PyPI `meshtastic` package (which the mcp-server relies on for its
+# SerialInterface/BLEInterface transport). We post-process the generated
+# files to live under `meshtastic_v25` instead — both the directory layout
+# and all internal imports — so they coexist cleanly with the PyPI package.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+
+if ! command -v protoc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "ERROR: protoc not found in PATH." >&2
+    echo "  macOS: brew install protobuf" >&2
+    echo "  Ubuntu/Debian: apt install protobuf-compiler" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+OUT=bin/_generated
+LOCAL_NS=meshtastic_v25
+
+rm -rf "$OUT"
+mkdir -p "$OUT"
+
+# 1) Generate from the in-tree protos. nanopb.proto first so its descriptor
+#    is available for the [(nanopb).*] options on other messages.
+protoc \
+    --proto_path=protobufs \
+    --python_out="$OUT" \
+    protobufs/nanopb.proto \
+    protobufs/meshtastic/*.proto
+
+# 2) Move the generated `meshtastic/` directory to `meshtastic_v25/`.
+mv "$OUT/meshtastic" "$OUT/$LOCAL_NS"
+
+# 3) Rewrite internal imports: any reference to `meshtastic.X_pb2` or
+#    `from meshtastic import X_pb2` becomes `meshtastic_v25.*`.
+python3 bin/_rewrite_proto_namespace.py "$OUT/$LOCAL_NS" "$LOCAL_NS"
+
+# 4) Make the package importable.
+touch "$OUT/__init__.py"
+touch "$OUT/$LOCAL_NS/__init__.py"
+
+echo "regenerated Python protobuf bindings -> $OUT/$LOCAL_NS/ (namespace: $LOCAL_NS)" >&2
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Compile a committed seed JSONL into a binary meshtastic_NodeDatabase v25 proto.
+
+The input is produced by `bin/gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py`. Timestamps in the JSONL
+are stored as `*_offset_sec` (seconds before "now"); this script resolves them
+to absolute epochs using `--now-epoch` (default: current wall clock).
+
+Output is a raw `pb_encode`-compatible binary that can be dropped at
+`/prefs/nodes.proto` on the device (Portduino prefs dir or hardware via
+XModem) and loaded by `NodeDB::loadFromDisk` at boot.
+
+Wire format reference:
+  protobufs/meshtastic/deviceonly.proto  (NodeDatabase, NodeInfoLite, sat entries)
+  src/mesh/NodeDB.h:467-484              (bitfield bit positions)
+  src/mesh/NodeDB.cpp:1523-1524          (pb_decode entry point)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+# Prefer the in-tree generated Python protobuf bindings (bin/_generated/meshtastic_v25/)
+# because the firmware branch's protos (v25 NodeDatabase satellite arrays, slim
+# NodeInfoLite) are typically newer than what the PyPI `meshtastic` package
+# ships. Run `bin/regen-py-protos.sh` to (re)generate.
+#
+# Namespace note: the local bindings live under `meshtastic_v25` (NOT `meshtastic`)
+# to avoid shadowing the PyPI `meshtastic` package — bin/regen-py-protos.sh
+# post-processes the protoc output to rename the package.
+_HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+_LOCAL_PROTO_DIR = _HERE / "_generated"
+if _LOCAL_PROTO_DIR.is_dir():
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(_LOCAL_PROTO_DIR))
+
+try:
+    from meshtastic_v25.deviceonly_pb2 import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        NodeDatabase,
+        NodeInfoLite,
+        NodePositionEntry,
+        NodeTelemetryEntry,
+        NodeEnvironmentEntry,
+        NodeStatusEntry,
+        PositionLite,
+    )
+    from meshtastic_v25.mesh_pb2 import HardwareModel, Position, StatusMessage  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+    from meshtastic_v25.config_pb2 import Config  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+    from meshtastic_v25.telemetry_pb2 import DeviceMetrics, EnvironmentMetrics  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+except ImportError as local_err:
+    # Fall back to the PyPI package if in-tree bindings haven't been generated.
+    # Will fail the v25 assertion below if the PyPI package predates the
+    # satellite-DB schema, but at least gives a clear "run regen-py-protos.sh"
+    # error message instead of an opaque ImportError.
+    try:
+        from meshtastic.protobuf.deviceonly_pb2 import (
+            NodeDatabase,
+            NodeInfoLite,
+            NodePositionEntry,
+            NodeTelemetryEntry,
+            NodeEnvironmentEntry,
+            NodeStatusEntry,
+            PositionLite,
+        )
+        from meshtastic.protobuf.mesh_pb2 import HardwareModel, Position, StatusMessage
+        from meshtastic.protobuf.config_pb2 import Config
+        from meshtastic.protobuf.telemetry_pb2 import DeviceMetrics, EnvironmentMetrics
+    except ImportError as pypi_err:
+        print(
+            "ERROR: could not import meshtastic protobuf bindings.\n"
+            "  In-tree generation: run `bin/regen-py-protos.sh` (requires protoc).\n"
+            "  PyPI fallback: `pip install meshtastic` (may lag firmware branch).\n"
+            f"  local error (meshtastic_v25): {local_err}\n"
+            f"  pypi error  (meshtastic.protobuf): {pypi_err}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+# Fail loudly if bindings predate v25 (no satellite arrays).
+assert (
+    hasattr(NodeDatabase, "DESCRIPTOR")
+    and "positions" in NodeDatabase.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name
+), (
+    "Loaded meshtastic bindings are older than v25 (NodeDatabase.positions missing). "
+    "Run `bin/regen-py-protos.sh` against the in-tree protobufs/ submodule."
+)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Bitfield bit positions (mirror src/mesh/NodeDB.h:467-484).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BIT_IS_KEY_MANUALLY_VERIFIED = 0
+BIT_IS_MUTED = 1
+BIT_VIA_MQTT = 2
+BIT_IS_FAVORITE = 3
+BIT_IS_IGNORED = 4
+BIT_HAS_USER = 5
+BIT_IS_LICENSED = 6
+BIT_IS_UNMESSAGABLE = 7
+BIT_HAS_IS_UNMESSAGABLE = 8
+
+BITFIELD_LAYOUT = (
+    # JSON key            bit position
+    ("is_key_manually_verified", BIT_IS_KEY_MANUALLY_VERIFIED),
+    ("is_muted", BIT_IS_MUTED),
+    ("via_mqtt", BIT_VIA_MQTT),
+    ("is_favorite", BIT_IS_FAVORITE),
+    ("is_ignored", BIT_IS_IGNORED),
+    ("has_user", BIT_HAS_USER),
+    ("is_licensed", BIT_IS_LICENSED),
+    ("is_unmessagable", BIT_IS_UNMESSAGABLE),
+    ("has_is_unmessagable", BIT_HAS_IS_UNMESSAGABLE),
+)
+
+
+def _pack_bitfield(bf: dict[str, bool]) -> int:
+    out = 0
+    for key, shift in BITFIELD_LAYOUT:
+        if bf.get(key, False):
+            out |= (1 << shift)
+    return out
+
+
+def _validate_node(node: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Friendly errors so hand-editors get clear feedback."""
+    if "num" not in node or not isinstance(node["num"], str):
+        raise ValueError(f"node missing/invalid 'num' (must be hex string): {node!r}")
+    if "long_name" not in node:
+        raise ValueError(f"node {node['num']}: missing 'long_name'")
+    if len(node["long_name"]) > 24:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"node {node['num']}: long_name {node['long_name']!r} is "
+            f"{len(node['long_name'])} chars; max 24 (nanopb max_size:25 minus NUL)"
+        )
+    if "short_name" in node:
+        # short_name max_size:5 (incl. NUL) → 4 bytes of content.
+        # Char count is irrelevant — emojis with variation selectors (e.g. ❄️ = 6 B)
+        # would slip past a `len(str) > 4` check. Always measure bytes.
+        b = node["short_name"].encode("utf-8")
+        if len(b) > 4:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"node {node['num']}: short_name {node['short_name']!r} is "
+                f"{len(b)} bytes UTF-8; max 4 (nanopb max_size:5 minus NUL)"
+            )
+    pk = node.get("public_key_hex", "")
+    if pk and len(pk) != 64:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"node {node['num']}: public_key_hex must be 64 hex chars or empty; "
+            f"got {len(pk)} chars"
+        )
+    if pk:
+        try:
+            bytes.fromhex(pk)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"node {node['num']}: public_key_hex is not valid hex: {e}")
+
+
+def _resolve_time(
+    node: dict[str, Any],
+    field_absolute: str,
+    field_offset: str,
+    now_epoch: int,
+) -> int:
+    """If `field_absolute` is set, use it; else compute `now_epoch - offset`."""
+    if field_absolute in node and node[field_absolute] is not None:
+        return int(node[field_absolute])
+    offset = node.get(field_offset, 0)
+    return max(0, int(now_epoch) - int(offset))
+
+
+def _build_node_info_lite(node: dict[str, Any], now_epoch: int) -> NodeInfoLite:
+    _validate_node(node)
+    info = NodeInfoLite()
+    info.num = int(node["num"], 16) if isinstance(node["num"], str) else int(node["num"])
+    info.long_name = node.get("long_name", "")
+    info.short_name = node.get("short_name", "")
+    # Enum lookups will raise ValueError on unknown names — that's exactly what we want.
+    info.hw_model = HardwareModel.Value(node.get("hw_model", "UNSET"))
+    info.role = Config.DeviceConfig.Role.Value(node.get("role", "CLIENT"))
+    pk_hex = node.get("public_key_hex", "")
+    if pk_hex:
+        info.public_key = bytes.fromhex(pk_hex)
+    info.snr = float(node.get("snr", 0.0))
+    info.channel = int(node.get("channel", 0))
+    if "hops_away" in node:
+        # `optional uint32 hops_away = 9;` — in Python protobuf, assigning the
+        # field implicitly sets HasField("hops_away") to True. No has_hops_away
+        # setter exists (unlike the C++ nanopb-generated header).
+        info.hops_away = int(node["hops_away"])
+    info.next_hop = int(node.get("next_hop", 0))
+    info.last_heard = _resolve_time(node, "last_heard", "last_heard_offset_sec", now_epoch)
+    info.bitfield = _pack_bitfield(node.get("bitfield", {}))
+    return info
+
+
+def _build_position_entry(num: int, pos: dict[str, Any], now_epoch: int) -> NodePositionEntry:
+    entry = NodePositionEntry()
+    entry.num = num
+    pl = PositionLite()
+    # Firmware stores lat/long as int32 in 1e-7 degrees.
+    pl.latitude_i = int(round(float(pos["latitude"]) * 1e7))
+    pl.longitude_i = int(round(float(pos["longitude"]) * 1e7))
+    pl.altitude = int(pos.get("altitude", 0))
+    pl.time = _resolve_time(pos, "time", "time_offset_sec", now_epoch)
+    pl.location_source = Position.LocSource.Value(pos.get("location_source", "LOC_UNSET"))
+    entry.position.CopyFrom(pl)
+    return entry
+
+
+def _build_telemetry_entry(num: int, tel: dict[str, Any]) -> NodeTelemetryEntry:
+    entry = NodeTelemetryEntry()
+    entry.num = num
+    dm = DeviceMetrics()
+    if "battery_level" in tel:
+        dm.battery_level = int(tel["battery_level"])
+    if "voltage" in tel:
+        dm.voltage = float(tel["voltage"])
+    if "channel_utilization" in tel:
+        dm.channel_utilization = float(tel["channel_utilization"])
+    if "air_util_tx" in tel:
+        dm.air_util_tx = float(tel["air_util_tx"])
+    if "uptime_seconds" in tel:
+        dm.uptime_seconds = int(tel["uptime_seconds"])
+    entry.device_metrics.CopyFrom(dm)
+    return entry
+
+
+def _build_environment_entry(num: int, env: dict[str, Any]) -> NodeEnvironmentEntry:
+    entry = NodeEnvironmentEntry()
+    entry.num = num
+    em = EnvironmentMetrics()
+    if "temperature" in env:
+        em.temperature = float(env["temperature"])
+    if "relative_humidity" in env:
+        em.relative_humidity = float(env["relative_humidity"])
+    if "barometric_pressure" in env:
+        em.barometric_pressure = float(env["barometric_pressure"])
+    if "iaq" in env:
+        em.iaq = int(env["iaq"])
+    entry.environment_metrics.CopyFrom(em)
+    return entry
+
+
+def _build_status_entry(num: int, status: dict[str, Any]) -> NodeStatusEntry:
+    # `StatusMessage` (mesh.proto:1445) has a single `string status` field.
+    entry = NodeStatusEntry()
+    entry.num = num
+    sm = StatusMessage()
+    if "status" in status:
+        sm.status = str(status["status"])
+    entry.status.CopyFrom(sm)
+    return entry
+
+
+def compile_jsonl_to_proto(jsonl_path: pathlib.Path, now_epoch: int) -> bytes:
+    """Read a seed JSONL and return the encoded NodeDatabase bytes."""
+    lines = jsonl_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+    if not lines:
+        raise ValueError(f"{jsonl_path} is empty")
+    meta_line = lines[0]
+    meta_obj = json.loads(meta_line)
+    meta = meta_obj.get("_meta", {})
+    version = meta.get("version")
+    if version != 25:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{jsonl_path}: meta version is {version!r}; this compiler "
+            f"requires version=25. Regenerate the seed with the matching tooling."
+        )
+
+    db = NodeDatabase()
+    db.version = 25
+
+    for ln, raw in enumerate(lines[1:], start=2):
+        raw = raw.strip()
+        if not raw:
+            continue
+        try:
+            node = json.loads(raw)
+        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"{jsonl_path}:{ln} JSON parse error: {e}")
+
+        num = int(node["num"], 16) if isinstance(node["num"], str) else int(node["num"])
+
+        # Header
+        info = _build_node_info_lite(node, now_epoch)
+        db.nodes.append(info)
+
+        # Satellites (nullable)
+        if node.get("position"):
+            db.positions.append(_build_position_entry(num, node["position"], now_epoch))
+        if node.get("telemetry"):
+            db.telemetry.append(_build_telemetry_entry(num, node["telemetry"]))
+        if node.get("environment"):
+            db.environment.append(_build_environment_entry(num, node["environment"]))
+        if node.get("status"):
+            db.status.append(_build_status_entry(num, node["status"]))
+
+    return db.SerializeToString()
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Compile a seed JSONL into a binary v25 NodeDatabase proto.",
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--in", dest="in_path", required=True, help="Input seed JSONL.")
+    p.add_argument("--out", required=True, help="Output binary .proto path.")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--now-epoch",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        help="Pin 'now' to this Unix epoch (for byte-identical CI). Default: time.time().",
+    )
+    args = p.parse_args(argv)
+
+    in_path = pathlib.Path(args.in_path)
+    if not in_path.is_file():
+        print(f"input not found: {in_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    now_epoch = args.now_epoch if args.now_epoch is not None else int(time.time())
+
+    try:
+        encoded = compile_jsonl_to_proto(in_path, now_epoch)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(f"ERROR: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 3
+
+    out_path = pathlib.Path(args.out)
+    out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    out_path.write_bytes(encoded)
+    print(
+        f"compiled {in_path} -> {out_path} ({len(encoded)} bytes, now_epoch={now_epoch})",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to show commits in develop that are not in master
+# with their associated PR info and commit hashes
+# 
+# Usage:
+#   ./show-unmerged-prs.sh            # Show all unmerged commits
+#   ./show-unmerged-prs.sh --bugfix   # Show only bugfix-labeled PRs
+
+set -e
+
+REPO="firmware"
+OWNER="meshtastic"
+BASE_BRANCH="master"
+HEAD_BRANCH="develop"
+LIMIT=100
+FILTER_LABEL=""
+
+# Parse arguments
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    case $arg in
+        --bugfix)
+            FILTER_LABEL="bugfix"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        --feature)
+            FILTER_LABEL="feature"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        --help)
+            echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]"
+            echo "Options:"
+            echo "  --bugfix     Show only PRs labeled with 'bugfix'"
+            echo "  --feature    Show only PRs labeled with 'feature'"
+            echo "  --help       Show this help message"
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+    echo "Fetching commits in $HEAD_BRANCH that are not in $BASE_BRANCH (filtered by label: $FILTER_LABEL)..."
+else
+    echo "Fetching commits in $HEAD_BRANCH that are not in $BASE_BRANCH..."
+fi
+echo ""
+
+# Check if gh CLI is available
+if ! command -v gh &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "ERROR: GitHub CLI (gh) not found. Please install it first."
+    echo "Visit: https://cli.github.com/"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get commits in develop that are not in master
+# For each commit, try to find associated PR
+git fetch origin develop master 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# Use git to get the list of commits
+commits=$(git log --pretty=format:"%H|%s" origin/master..origin/develop | head -n $LIMIT)
+
+count=0
+displayed=0
+echo "Commits in $HEAD_BRANCH not in $BASE_BRANCH:"
+echo "=============================================="
+echo ""
+
+while IFS='|' read -r hash subject; do
+    ((count++))
+    
+    # Try to find the PR for this commit
+    # Extract PR number, title, description, and labels
+    pr_response=$(gh api -X GET "/repos/$OWNER/$REPO/commits/$hash/pulls" \
+        -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" 2>/dev/null | \
+        jq -r '.[0] | "\(.number)|\(.title)|\(.body // "No description")|\(.labels | map(.name) | join(","))"' 2>/dev/null || echo "||||")
+    
+    if [ -z "$pr_response" ] || [ "$pr_response" = "||||" ]; then
+        # If no PR found, skip if filter is active, otherwise show the commit
+        if [ -z "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+            ((displayed++))
+            echo "[$displayed] Commit: $hash"
+            echo "    Subject: $subject"
+            echo "    PR: Not found in GitHub"
+            echo ""
+        fi
+    else
+        IFS='|' read -r pr_num pr_title pr_desc pr_labels <<< "$pr_response"
+        
+        # Check if filter matches
+        if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+            # Only show if the label is in the labels list
+            if ! echo "$pr_labels" | grep -q "$FILTER_LABEL"; then
+                continue
+            fi
+        fi
+        
+        ((displayed++))
+        echo "[$displayed] PR #$pr_num - $pr_title"
+        echo "    Commit: $hash"
+        if [ -n "$pr_desc" ] && [ "$pr_desc" != "No description" ]; then
+            # Truncate description to 200 chars
+            desc_short="${pr_desc:0:200}"
+            [ ${#pr_desc} -gt 200 ] && desc_short+="..."
+            echo "    Description: $desc_short"
+        fi
+        if [ -n "$pr_labels" ] && [ "$pr_labels" != "" ]; then
+            echo "    Labels: $pr_labels"
+        fi
+        echo ""
+    fi
+done <<< "$commits"
+
+echo ""
+if [ -n "$FILTER_LABEL" ]; then
+    echo "Done. Showing $displayed PRs with label '$FILTER_LABEL' from $displayed commits checked."
+else
+    echo "Done. Showing $displayed commits from $HEAD_BRANCH not in $BASE_BRANCH."
+fi
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-D CDEBYTE_EORA_S3",
      "-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-D ARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-D ARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-D BOARD_HAS_PSRAM"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32s3_out.ld",
+      "memory_type": "qio_opi"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": [
+      "-D BOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
+      "-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0",
+      "-D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-D ARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
+      "-D ARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=0"
+    ],
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "80000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "qio",
+    "psram_type": "qio_opi",
+    "hwids": [["0x303A", "0x1001"]],
+    "mcu": "esp32s3",
+    "variant": "ELECROW-ThinkNode-M7"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "lora"],
+  "debug": {
+    "default_tool": "esp-builtin",
+    "onboard_tools": ["esp-builtin"],
+    "openocd_target": "esp32s3.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "ELECROW ThinkNode M7",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "8MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 524288,
+    "maximum_size": 8388608,
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 921600
+  },
+  "url": "https://www.elecrow.com",
+  "vendor": "ELECROW"
+}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
    "core": "esp32",
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM"
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32s3_out.ld",
+      "partitions": "default_16MB.csv",
+      "memory_type": "qio_opi"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": [
+      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
+    ],
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "80000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "qio",
+    "psram_type": "opi",
+    "hwids": [["0x303A", "0x1001"]],
+    "mcu": "esp32s3",
+    "variant": "heltec_v4_r8"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "lora"],
+  "debug": {
+    "default_tool": "esp-builtin",
+    "onboard_tools": ["esp-builtin"],
+    "openocd_target": "esp32s3.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "heltec_wifi_lora_32 v4 r8 (16 MB FLASH, 8 MB PSRAM)",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "16MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 327680,
+    "maximum_size": 16777216,
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 921600
+  },
+  "url": "https://heltec.org/",
+  "vendor": "heltec"
+}
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DHELTEC_WIRELESS_TRACKER",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
    "core": "esp32",
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "cpu": "cortex-m33",
+    "f_cpu": "128000000L",
+    "mcu": "nrf54l15",
+    "zephyr": {
+      "variant": "nrf54l15dk/nrf54l15/cpuapp"
+    }
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["bluetooth"],
+  "debug": {
+    "default_tools": ["jlink"],
+    "jlink_device": "nRF54L15_M33",
+    "svd_path": "nrf54l15.svd"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["zephyr"],
+  "name": "Nordic nRF54L15-DK (PCA10156)",
+  "upload": {
+    "maximum_ram_size": 262144,
+    "maximum_size": 1572864,
+    "protocol": "jlink",
+    "protocols": ["jlink"]
+  },
+  "url": "https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/nRF54L15",
+  "vendor": "Nordic Semiconductor"
+}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=0"
    ],
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32s3_out.ld",
+      "memory_type": "qio_opi"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": [
+      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=0"
+    ],
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "80000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "qio",
+    "hwids": [["0x303A", "0x1001"]],
+    "mcu": "esp32s3",
+    "variant": "station-g3"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "lora"],
+  "debug": {
+    "default_tool": "esp-builtin",
+    "onboard_tools": ["esp-builtin"],
+    "openocd_target": "esp32s3.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "BQ Station G3",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "16MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 327680,
+    "maximum_size": 16777216,
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 921600
+  },
+  "url": "",
+  "vendor": "BQ Consulting"
+}
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DLILYGO_TBEAM_1W",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DLILYGO_TBEAM_S3_CORE",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
    "extra_flags": [
      "-DLILYGO_T3S3_V1",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
      "-DUNPHONE_SPIN=9",
      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
-      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=1"
    ],
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+meshtasticd (2.7.24.0) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * Version 2.7.24
+
+ -- GitHub Actions <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>  Fri, 08 May 2026 10:44:12 +0000
+
 meshtasticd (2.7.23.0) unstable; urgency=medium

  * Version 2.7.23
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/bash
+set -e
 export DEBEMAIL="jbennett@incomsystems.biz"
 export PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR=pio/libdeps
 export PLATFORMIO_PACKAGES_DIR=pio/packages
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Name,   Type, SubType, Offset,  Size, Flags
+nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
+otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
+app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x640000,
+app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x650000,0x640000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0xc90000,0x360000,
+coredump, data, coredump,0xFF0000,0x10000,
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Name,   Type, SubType, Offset,  Size, Flags
+nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
+otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
+app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x330000,
+app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x340000,0x330000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x670000,0x180000,
+coredump, data, coredump,0x7F0000,0x10000,
@@ -70,17 +70,6 @@ def esp32_create_combined_bin(source, target, env):

 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", esp32_create_combined_bin)

-esp32_kind = env.GetProjectOption("custom_esp32_kind")
-if esp32_kind == "esp32":
-    # Free up some IRAM by removing auxiliary SPI flash chip drivers.
-    # Wrapped stub symbols are defined in src/platform/esp32/iram-quirk.c.
-    env.Append(
-        LINKFLAGS=[
-            "-Wl,--wrap=esp_flash_chip_gd",
-            "-Wl,--wrap=esp_flash_chip_issi",
-            "-Wl,--wrap=esp_flash_chip_winbond",
-        ]
-    )
-else:
-    # For newer ESP32 targets, using newlib nano works better.
-    env.Append(LINKFLAGS=["--specs=nano.specs", "-u", "_printf_float"])
+# Enable Newlib Nano formatting to save space
+# ...but allow printf float support (compromise)
+env.Append(LINKFLAGS=["--specs=nano.specs", "-u", "_printf_float"])
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# trunk-ignore-all(ruff/F821)
+# trunk-ignore-all(flake8/F821): For SConstruct imports
+
+# force linker response file instead of command line arguments
+
+Import("env")
+
+
+def wrap_with_tempfile(command_key):
+    command = env.get(command_key)
+    if not command or not isinstance(command, str):
+        return
+    if "TEMPFILE(" in command:
+        return
+    env.Replace(**{command_key: "${TEMPFILE('%s')}" % command})
+
+
+# Force SCons to spill long commands into response files on this target.
+env.Replace(MAXLINELENGTH=8192)
+
+for key in ("LINKCOM", "CXXLINKCOM", "SHLINKCOM", "SHCXXLINKCOM"):
+    wrap_with_tempfile(key)
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# trunk-ignore-all(ruff/F821)
+# trunk-ignore-all(flake8/F821): For SConstruct imports
+#
+# post:extra_scripts/nrf54l15_linker.py
+#
+# Fix for Zephyr two-pass link on nRF54L15:
+# platformio-build.py registers env.Depends("$PROG_PATH", final_ld_script) but
+# the SCons dependency chain is broken (final_ld_script Command never runs).
+# This script adds a PreAction on the final firmware binary that runs the gcc
+# preprocessing command directly (extracted from build.ninja) to generate
+# zephyr/linker.cmd before the link step.
+#
+# PlatformIO bundles an old Ninja that can't handle multi-output depslog rules,
+# so we parse the COMMAND line from build.ninja and run just the gcc -E part,
+# skipping the cmake_transform_depfile step (only needed for Ninja deps tracking).
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+
+Import("env")
+
+if env.get("PIOENV") != "nrf54l15dk":
+    pass  # Only for the nrf54l15dk environment
+else:
+
+    def _extract_gcc_command(ninja_build):
+        """Parse build.ninja to find the gcc -E command that generates linker.cmd.
+
+        The rule format depends on the host:
+          Windows (CMake's RunCMake wraps every command):
+            COMMAND = cmd.exe /C "cd /D DIR && arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe ... -o linker.cmd && cmake.exe -E cmake_transform_depfile ..."
+          POSIX (Linux/macOS — no wrapper):
+            COMMAND = cd DIR && arm-none-eabi-gcc ... -o linker.cmd && cmake -E cmake_transform_depfile ...
+
+        Returns (gcc_cmd_string, cwd_path) or raises RuntimeError.
+        """
+        in_rule = False
+        with open(ninja_build, "r", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                # Detect start of the linker.cmd custom command rule
+                if not in_rule:
+                    if "build zephyr/linker.cmd" in line and "CUSTOM_COMMAND" in line:
+                        in_rule = True
+                    continue
+
+                stripped = line.strip()
+                if not stripped.startswith("COMMAND = "):
+                    continue
+
+                command_val = stripped[len("COMMAND = ") :]
+
+                # On Windows the value is wrapped in `cmd.exe /C "..."` — strip
+                # the wrapper. On POSIX hosts the inner sequence is the value
+                # itself (no quoting layer).
+                m = re.search(r'/C\s+"(.*)"\s*$', command_val)
+                inner = m.group(1) if m else command_val
+                parts = inner.split(" && ")
+
+                cwd = None
+                gcc_cmd = None
+                for part in parts:
+                    part = part.strip()
+                    if part.startswith("cd /D "):  # Windows form
+                        cwd = part[len("cd /D ") :]
+                    elif part.startswith("cd "):  # POSIX form
+                        cwd = part[len("cd ") :]
+                    elif "arm-none-eabi-gcc" in part:
+                        gcc_cmd = part
+
+                if not gcc_cmd:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "nRF54L15 linker fix: arm-none-eabi-gcc command not found in:\n%s"
+                        % inner[:400]
+                    )
+
+                return gcc_cmd, cwd
+
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "nRF54L15 linker fix: 'build zephyr/linker.cmd' rule not found in build.ninja"
+        )
+
+    def _generate_linker_cmd(target, source, env):
+        """Generate zephyr/linker.cmd via direct gcc invocation before the final link."""
+        build_dir = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR")
+        zephyr_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, "zephyr")
+        linker_cmd = os.path.join(zephyr_dir, "linker.cmd")
+
+        if os.path.exists(linker_cmd):
+            return  # Already present — nothing to do
+
+        ninja_build = os.path.join(build_dir, "build.ninja")
+        if not os.path.exists(ninja_build):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "nRF54L15 linker fix: build.ninja not found at %s\n"
+                "Run a full build first so CMake generates the Ninja files."
+                % ninja_build
+            )
+
+        gcc_cmd, cwd = _extract_gcc_command(ninja_build)
+        run_cwd = cwd if cwd else zephyr_dir
+
+        print(
+            "==> nRF54L15: Generating zephyr/linker.cmd (LINKER_ZEPHYR_FINAL) via GCC"
+        )
+        # gcc_cmd comes verbatim from our own build.ninja (never user input) and
+        # contains Windows-style paths with spaces that cannot be safely argv-split
+        # with shlex, so we run it via the platform shell. nosec/nosemgrep below
+        # acknowledge this deliberate, scoped use of shell=True.
+        result = subprocess.run(  # nosec B602
+            gcc_cmd,
+            shell=True,  # nosemgrep: python.lang.security.audit.subprocess-shell-true.subprocess-shell-true
+            cwd=run_cwd,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        if result.returncode != 0:
+            print("GCC stdout:", result.stdout[:2000])
+            print("GCC stderr:", result.stderr[:2000])
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "nRF54L15 linker fix: GCC failed to generate linker.cmd (rc=%d)"
+                % result.returncode
+            )
+        if not os.path.exists(linker_cmd):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "nRF54L15 linker fix: GCC returned 0 but linker.cmd was not created at %s"
+                % linker_cmd
+            )
+        print("==> linker.cmd generated successfully")
+
+    # Use PIOMAINPROG (set by ZephyrBuildProgram) to get the exact SCons node
+    prog = env.get("PIOMAINPROG")
+    if prog:
+        env.AddPreAction(prog, _generate_linker_cmd)
+    else:
+        print(
+            "[nrf54l15_linker] WARNING: PIOMAINPROG not set, falling back to $PROG_PATH"
+        )
+        env.AddPreAction(env.subst("$PROG_PATH"), _generate_linker_cmd)
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ __pycache__/
 dist/
 build/

+# Persistent device-log capture (recorder + Datadog cursor).
+# Cross-session JSONL streams written by the autouse Recorder singleton
+# (see src/meshtastic_mcp/recorder/). Lives outside tests/ so the pytest
+# fixture truncate doesn't touch it.
+.mtlog/
+
 # Test harness artifacts
 tests/report.html
 tests/junit.xml
@@ -166,15 +166,73 @@ rather than auto-`sudo`'ing mid-run.

 ## Environment variables

-| Var                        | Default                                                     | Purpose                                                             |
-| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `MESHTASTIC_FIRMWARE_ROOT` | walks up from cwd for `platformio.ini`                      | Pin the firmware repo                                               |
-| `MESHTASTIC_PIO_BIN`       | `~/.platformio/penv/bin/pio` → `$PATH` `pio` → `platformio` | Override `pio` location                                             |
-| `MESHTASTIC_ESPTOOL_BIN`   | `<firmware>/.venv/bin/esptool` → `$PATH`                    | Override esptool                                                    |
-| `MESHTASTIC_NRFUTIL_BIN`   | `$PATH`                                                     | Override nrfutil                                                    |
-| `MESHTASTIC_PICOTOOL_BIN`  | `$PATH`                                                     | Override picotool                                                   |
-| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED`      | `mcp-<user>-<host>`                                         | PSK seed for test-harness session (CI override)                     |
-| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG` | `<mcp-server>/tests/flash.log`                              | Tee target for pio/esptool/nrfutil subprocess output (TUI tails it) |
+| Var                        | Default                                                     | Purpose                                                                                                          |
+| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `MESHTASTIC_FIRMWARE_ROOT` | walks up from cwd for `platformio.ini`                      | Pin the firmware repo                                                                                            |
+| `MESHTASTIC_PIO_BIN`       | `~/.platformio/penv/bin/pio` → `$PATH` `pio` → `platformio` | Override `pio` location                                                                                          |
+| `MESHTASTIC_ESPTOOL_BIN`   | `<firmware>/.venv/bin/esptool` → `$PATH`                    | Override esptool                                                                                                 |
+| `MESHTASTIC_NRFUTIL_BIN`   | `$PATH`                                                     | Override nrfutil                                                                                                 |
+| `MESHTASTIC_PICOTOOL_BIN`  | `$PATH`                                                     | Override picotool                                                                                                |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED`      | `mcp-<user>-<host>`                                         | PSK seed for test-harness session (CI override)                                                                  |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG` | `<mcp-server>/tests/flash.log`                              | Tee target for pio/esptool/nrfutil subprocess output (TUI tails it)                                              |
+| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST`  | unset                                                       | `host` or `host:port` of a `meshtasticd` daemon to surface as a TCP device (see "TCP / native-host nodes" below) |
+
+## TCP / native-host nodes
+
+The `native-macos` and `native` PlatformIO envs build a headless `meshtasticd`
+binary that runs on the host (Apple Silicon / Intel macOS, or Linux Portduino).
+The daemon exposes the meshtastic TCP API on port `4403` rather than a USB
+serial endpoint — point the MCP server at it via `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST`:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Build + run a daemon on this host (see variants/native/portduino/platformio.ini
+#    for full Homebrew prereqs and CH341 LoRa-adapter setup).
+pio run -e native-macos
+~/.meshtasticd/meshtasticd
+
+# 2. Point the MCP server at it.
+export MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST=localhost     # or host:port, default port 4403
+```
+
+**First-run gotcha — MAC address.** `meshtasticd` derives its MAC from the
+USB adapter's serial-number / product strings. Many cheap CH341 dongles
+(MeshStick included — VID 0x1A86 / PID 0x5512) ship with `iSerialNumber=0`
+and `iProduct=0`, so the daemon aborts on boot with `*** Blank MAC Address
+not allowed!`. Set the MAC explicitly in `config.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+# Under General:
+MACAddress: 02:CA:FE:BA:BE:01
+```
+
+Use a locally-administered address (first byte's second-LSB set, e.g.
+`02:*` / `06:*` / `0A:*` / `0E:*`) to avoid colliding with a real OUI.
+
+There is also a `--hwid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF` CLI flag visible in
+`meshtasticd --help`, but it is **currently broken** in
+`MAC_from_string()` (`src/platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.cpp`): the
+function strips colons from its parameter but then reads bytes from the
+global `portduino_config.mac_address`, so `--hwid` is silently overridden
+when `MACAddress:` is also set, and crashes the daemon (uncaught
+`std::invalid_argument: stoi: no conversion`) when it isn't. Use the YAML
+form until that's fixed upstream.
+
+`list_devices` will surface the daemon as `tcp://localhost:4403` with
+`likely_meshtastic=True`, so `device_info`, `list_nodes`, `get_config`,
+`set_config`, `set_owner`, `send_text`, `userprefs_*`, and the admin RPCs
+auto-select it when no `port` is passed. Pass `port="tcp://other-host:9999"`
+explicitly to target a different daemon.
+
+**Tools that don't apply to a TCP/native node** (no USB hardware to operate
+on) raise a clear `ConnectionError` rather than failing mysteriously:
+`pio_flash`, `erase_and_flash`, `update_flash`, `touch_1200bps`,
+`serial_open` (use info/admin tools directly), and the vendor escape hatches
+`esptool_*`, `nrfutil_*`, `picotool_*`. `pio_flash` against a `native*` env
+similarly raises — there's no upload step; use `build` and run the binary
+directly.
+
+The pytest harness in `tests/` still assumes USB-attached devices per role —
+TCP-aware fixtures are not part of this surface yet.

 ## Hardware Test Suite

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+{
+  "title": "Meshtastic Firmware — Recorder Stream",
+  "description": "Live view of `.mtlog/` streams shipped by `mtlog_to_datadog.py`. Heap, packet volume, log levels, errors. One row per port.",
+  "widgets": [
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Free heap (bytes)",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "show_legend": true,
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "free_heap",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "avg:mesh.local.heap_free_bytes{service:meshtastic-firmware} by {port}"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "line"
+          }
+        ],
+        "yaxis": { "label": "bytes" }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Heap slope (bytes/min) — last 1h",
+        "type": "query_value",
+        "precision": 0,
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "slope",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "derivative(avg:mesh.local.heap_free_bytes{service:meshtastic-firmware})",
+                "aggregator": "avg"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "scalar"
+          }
+        ],
+        "conditional_formats": [
+          { "comparator": "<", "value": -100, "palette": "white_on_red" },
+          { "comparator": "<", "value": 0, "palette": "white_on_yellow" },
+          { "comparator": ">=", "value": 0, "palette": "white_on_green" }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Total heap (bytes)",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "total_heap",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "avg:mesh.local.heap_total_bytes{service:meshtastic-firmware} by {port}"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "line"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Battery level (%)",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "battery",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "avg:mesh.device.battery_level{service:meshtastic-firmware} by {port}"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "line"
+          }
+        ],
+        "yaxis": { "min": "0", "max": "105" }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Air utilization (TX %)",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "airutil",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "avg:mesh.device.air_util_tx{service:meshtastic-firmware} by {port}"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "line"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Channel utilization (%)",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "chutil",
+                "data_source": "metrics",
+                "query": "avg:mesh.device.channel_utilization{service:meshtastic-firmware} by {port}"
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "line"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Log volume by level",
+        "type": "timeseries",
+        "show_legend": true,
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "response_format": "timeseries",
+            "display_type": "bars",
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "name": "log_count",
+                "data_source": "logs",
+                "indexes": ["*"],
+                "compute": { "aggregation": "count" },
+                "search": { "query": "service:meshtastic-firmware" },
+                "group_by": [
+                  {
+                    "facet": "@level",
+                    "limit": 10,
+                    "sort": { "order": "desc", "aggregation": "count" }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Recent ERROR / CRIT firmware logs",
+        "type": "list_stream",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "response_format": "event_list",
+            "query": {
+              "data_source": "logs_stream",
+              "query_string": "service:meshtastic-firmware (status:error OR @level:ERROR OR @level:CRIT)",
+              "indexes": [],
+              "sort": { "column": "timestamp", "order": "desc" }
+            },
+            "columns": [
+              { "field": "timestamp", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "host", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "@port", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "@level", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "@thread", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "message", "width": "stretch" }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "definition": {
+        "title": "Recorder marker events",
+        "type": "list_stream",
+        "requests": [
+          {
+            "response_format": "event_list",
+            "query": {
+              "data_source": "logs_stream",
+              "query_string": "service:meshtastic-firmware @level:MARK",
+              "indexes": [],
+              "sort": { "column": "timestamp", "order": "desc" }
+            },
+            "columns": [
+              { "field": "timestamp", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "host", "width": "auto" },
+              { "field": "message", "width": "stretch" }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "template_variables": [
+    {
+      "name": "port",
+      "prefix": "port",
+      "available_values": [],
+      "default": "*"
+    },
+    { "name": "host", "prefix": "host", "available_values": [], "default": "*" }
+  ],
+  "layout_type": "ordered",
+  "notify_list": [],
+  "reflow_type": "auto"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Forward selected recorder JSONL streams to Datadog.
+
+Reads `.mtlog/logs.jsonl` and `.mtlog/telemetry.jsonl`, ships logs to the
+Logs Intake API and telemetry numerics to the Metrics v2 series API.
+Resumes from `.mtlog/.dd-cursor.json` so a daemon restart doesn't
+duplicate rows already shipped from the current live files.
+
+This forwarder does not currently backfill rotated `.jsonl.gz` archives.
+If the recorder rotates before this process drains the live file, or the
+forwarder is down across a rotation, those older rows are skipped.
+
+Usage:
+    DD_API_KEY=... ./scripts/mtlog_to_datadog.py --tail
+    ./scripts/mtlog_to_datadog.py --once          # catch up + exit
+    ./scripts/mtlog_to_datadog.py --since 3600   # backfill last hour from start
+
+Default `DD_SITE` is `us5.datadoghq.com` — the team's Datadog instance.
+Override via `DD_SITE=...` env var or `--site` flag for one-offs.
+
+The forwarder is a separate process by design — a Datadog outage or
+auth failure must not backpressure the recorder. We exit non-zero on
+fatal config errors (missing API key) and keep retrying on transient
+network/HTTP errors.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Iterator
+
+try:
+    import requests
+except ImportError:
+    print(
+        "requests is required. Install it in the mcp-server venv: "
+        "uv pip install requests",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    sys.exit(2)
+
+
+_DEFAULT_LOG_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / ".mtlog"
+_LOG_INTAKE_TPL = "https://http-intake.logs.{site}/api/v2/logs"
+_METRICS_TPL = "https://api.{site}/api/v2/series"
+_LOG_BATCH = 50
+_METRICS_BATCH = 100
+_MAX_RETRIES = 5
+_RETRY_BASE_S = 1.5
+
+
+# --- streaming JSONL with byte-position cursor -------------------------
+
+
+class _StreamReader:
+    """Reads a single rotating JSONL with cursor-based resume.
+
+    This tails only the live `.jsonl` file. The recorder rotates files
+    (live `.jsonl` → `.YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-uuuuuu-NNNNN.jsonl.gz`), which means
+    the live file shrinks abruptly. We detect that via inode change OR live
+    size < cursor position, and reset the live-file cursor to 0.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path: Path, cursor: dict[str, Any]):
+        self.path = path
+        self.cursor = cursor
+
+    def _state(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """Return (inode, size) for the live file. (0, 0) if missing."""
+        try:
+            st = self.path.stat()
+            return (st.st_ino, st.st_size)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return (0, 0)
+
+    def iter_new_records(self) -> Iterator[dict[str, Any]]:
+        ino, size = self._state()
+        last_ino = self.cursor.get("ino")
+        last_pos = int(self.cursor.get("pos") or 0)
+        if ino == 0:
+            return
+        if last_ino is not None and last_ino != ino:
+            # Rotation happened. Start over.
+            last_pos = 0
+        if last_pos > size:
+            # Live file truncated/shrunk under us — recorder rotated.
+            last_pos = 0
+        try:
+            with self.path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+                fh.seek(last_pos)
+                for line in fh:
+                    line = line.rstrip("\n")
+                    if not line:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        yield json.loads(line)
+                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                        continue
+                    last_pos = fh.tell()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return
+        self.cursor["ino"] = ino
+        self.cursor["pos"] = last_pos
+
+
+def _load_cursor(path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if not path.exists():
+        return {}
+    try:
+        return json.loads(path.read_text())
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return {}
+
+
+def _save_cursor(path: Path, data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    tmp = path.with_suffix(".json.tmp")
+    tmp.write_text(json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":")))
+    tmp.replace(path)
+
+
+# --- Datadog clients ---------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class _DDSession:
+    """Pool one HTTPS session, share retry logic."""
+
+    def __init__(self, api_key: str, site: str, hostname: str) -> None:
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.site = site
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+        self.session.headers.update(
+            {
+                "DD-API-KEY": api_key,
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        )
+
+    def _post(self, url: str, payload: Any) -> bool:
+        for attempt in range(_MAX_RETRIES):
+            try:
+                resp = self.session.post(url, json=payload, timeout=30)
+            except requests.RequestException as e:
+                _wait_retry(attempt, f"network error: {e}")
+                continue
+            if 200 <= resp.status_code < 300:
+                return True
+            if resp.status_code in (408, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504):
+                _wait_retry(
+                    attempt,
+                    f"HTTP {resp.status_code} retrying",
+                )
+                continue
+            print(
+                f"datadog refused: {resp.status_code} {resp.text[:200]}",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            return False
+        return False
+
+    def send_logs(self, records: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> int:
+        if not records:
+            return 0
+        url = _LOG_INTAKE_TPL.format(site=self.site)
+        sent = 0
+        for i in range(0, len(records), _LOG_BATCH):
+            batch = records[i : i + _LOG_BATCH]
+            if self._post(url, batch):
+                sent += len(batch)
+        return sent
+
+    def send_metrics(self, series: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> int:
+        if not series:
+            return 0
+        url = _METRICS_TPL.format(site=self.site)
+        sent = 0
+        for i in range(0, len(series), _METRICS_BATCH):
+            batch = series[i : i + _METRICS_BATCH]
+            if self._post(url, {"series": batch}):
+                sent += len(batch)
+        return sent
+
+
+def _wait_retry(attempt: int, reason: str) -> None:
+    wait = _RETRY_BASE_S * (2**attempt)
+    print(
+        f"  retry {attempt + 1}/{_MAX_RETRIES} in {wait:.1f}s ({reason})",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    time.sleep(wait)
+
+
+# --- record → datadog payload ------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _log_record_to_dd(rec: dict[str, Any], host: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    line = rec.get("line") or ""
+    tags = [
+        f"role:{rec.get('role')}",
+        f"port:{rec.get('port')}",
+    ]
+    level = rec.get("level")
+    if level:
+        tags.append(f"level:{level}")
+    tag = rec.get("tag")
+    if tag:
+        tags.append(f"thread:{tag}")
+    return {
+        "ddsource": "meshtastic-firmware",
+        "service": "meshtastic-firmware",
+        "hostname": host,
+        "message": line,
+        "ddtags": ",".join(t for t in tags if t and "None" not in t),
+        "timestamp": int((rec.get("ts") or time.time()) * 1000),
+        "level": level,
+    }
+
+
+def _telemetry_record_to_metrics(
+    rec: dict[str, Any], host: str
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    fields = rec.get("fields") or {}
+    if not isinstance(fields, dict):
+        return []
+    variant = rec.get("variant") or "unknown"
+    ts = int(rec.get("ts") or time.time())
+    out: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    tags = []
+    if rec.get("port"):
+        tags.append(f"port:{rec['port']}")
+    if rec.get("role"):
+        tags.append(f"role:{rec['role']}")
+    if rec.get("from_node"):
+        tags.append(f"from_node:{rec['from_node']}")
+    tags.append(f"variant:{variant}")
+    for field, value in fields.items():
+        if not isinstance(value, (int, float)) or isinstance(value, bool):
+            continue
+        metric = f"mesh.{variant}.{_metric_safe(field)}"
+        out.append(
+            {
+                "metric": metric,
+                "type": 3,  # GAUGE
+                "points": [{"timestamp": ts, "value": float(value)}],
+                "tags": tags,
+                "resources": [{"type": "host", "name": host}],
+            }
+        )
+    return out
+
+
+def _metric_safe(name: str) -> str:
+    # Lowercase, replace non-alnum with underscore for safe metric names.
+    return "".join(c.lower() if c.isalnum() else "_" for c in name)
+
+
+# --- main loop ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def run(
+    log_dir: Path,
+    *,
+    once: bool,
+    since_seconds: float | None,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    dd: _DDSession,
+) -> int:
+    cursor_path = log_dir / ".dd-cursor.json"
+    cursors = _load_cursor(cursor_path)
+
+    # `--since` overrides cursor: rewind to (now-since) timestamp.
+    # We can't seek by timestamp directly (cursor is byte position), so
+    # we just reset cursors to 0 and let the time filter in iter_new
+    # drop older records.
+    cutoff_ts: float | None = None
+    if since_seconds is not None:
+        cursors = {}
+        cutoff_ts = time.time() - since_seconds
+
+    sent_total = {"logs": 0, "telemetry": 0}
+
+    while True:
+        # logs.jsonl → DD logs
+        log_cursor = cursors.setdefault("logs", {})
+        log_batch: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for rec in _StreamReader(log_dir / "logs.jsonl", log_cursor).iter_new_records():
+            if cutoff_ts and (rec.get("ts") or 0) < cutoff_ts:
+                continue
+            log_batch.append(_log_record_to_dd(rec, dd.hostname))
+        if log_batch:
+            n = dd.send_logs(log_batch)
+            sent_total["logs"] += n
+            print(f"logs: sent {n}/{len(log_batch)}")
+
+        # telemetry.jsonl → DD metrics
+        telem_cursor = cursors.setdefault("telemetry", {})
+        metric_series: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for rec in _StreamReader(
+            log_dir / "telemetry.jsonl", telem_cursor
+        ).iter_new_records():
+            if cutoff_ts and (rec.get("ts") or 0) < cutoff_ts:
+                continue
+            metric_series.extend(_telemetry_record_to_metrics(rec, dd.hostname))
+        if metric_series:
+            n = dd.send_metrics(metric_series)
+            sent_total["telemetry"] += n
+            print(f"telemetry: sent {n}/{len(metric_series)} metric points")
+
+        _save_cursor(cursor_path, cursors)
+
+        if once:
+            print(f"done. logs={sent_total['logs']} metrics={sent_total['telemetry']}")
+            return 0
+        time.sleep(poll_interval)
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--log-dir",
+        default=str(_DEFAULT_LOG_DIR),
+        help="Path to .mtlog/ (default: mcp-server/.mtlog)",
+    )
+    mode = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    mode.add_argument("--once", action="store_true", help="Catch up then exit")
+    mode.add_argument(
+        "--tail",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Daemon: poll forever (default)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--since",
+        type=float,
+        default=None,
+        help="Backfill last N seconds. Resets cursor.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--poll-interval",
+        type=float,
+        default=5.0,
+        help="Seconds between tail polls (default 5)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--site",
+        default=os.environ.get("DD_SITE", "us5.datadoghq.com"),
+        help=(
+            "Datadog site. Default is the team's instance (us5.datadoghq.com). "
+            "Override via DD_SITE env var or this flag."
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--host",
+        default=socket.gethostname(),
+        help="Hostname tag (default: socket.gethostname())",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    api_key = os.environ.get("DD_API_KEY")
+    if not api_key:
+        print("DD_API_KEY env var required.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    log_dir = Path(args.log_dir)
+    if not log_dir.exists():
+        print(
+            f"log dir {log_dir} does not exist — start the mcp-server first.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        return 2
+
+    dd = _DDSession(api_key=api_key, site=args.site, hostname=args.host)
+    once = args.once and not args.tail
+    return run(
+        log_dir,
+        once=once,
+        since_seconds=args.since,
+        poll_interval=args.poll_interval,
+        dd=dd,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Context manager for meshtastic.SerialInterface connections.
+"""Context manager for meshtastic interface connections (serial + TCP).

 Every info/admin tool goes through `connect(port)` so we have a single place
 that:
@@ -6,8 +6,16 @@ that:
  - fails fast if a serial_session is already holding the port,
  - guarantees `.close()` is called, even on exception.

-The `SerialInterface` blocks on construction waiting for the node database;
-that's fine for v1 since every tool is a short-lived request.
+Two transports:
+  - Serial: USB-attached firmware on `/dev/cu.*` / `/dev/ttyUSB*` / `COM*`.
+  - TCP: a `meshtasticd` daemon (e.g. the native macOS / Linux Portduino
+    headless build) addressed as `tcp://host[:port]` (default port 4403).
+    Surfaced by `devices.list_devices()` when `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST` is
+    set, so `resolve_port(None)` auto-selects it like a USB candidate.
+
+Both `SerialInterface` and `TCPInterface` block on construction waiting for
+the node database; that's fine for v1 since every tool is a short-lived
+request.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -17,20 +25,107 @@ from typing import Iterator

 from . import devices, registry

+DEFAULT_TCP_PORT = 4403
+TCP_SCHEME = "tcp://"
+TCP_HOST_ENV = "MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST"
+

 class ConnectionError(RuntimeError):
    pass


+def is_tcp_port(port: str | None) -> bool:
+    return bool(port) and port.startswith(TCP_SCHEME)
+
+
+def parse_tcp_port(port: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """Parse `tcp://host[:port]` → (host, port). Defaults to 4403.
+
+    Validates host shape (non-empty, no path separators) and port range
+    (1..65535). Raises `ConnectionError` on malformed input — never lets
+    a raw `ValueError` bubble up to a tool surface.
+    """
+    if not port.startswith(TCP_SCHEME):
+        raise ConnectionError(
+            f"Invalid TCP endpoint {port!r}: expected '{TCP_SCHEME}host[:port]'."
+        )
+    rest = port[len(TCP_SCHEME) :]
+    if ":" in rest:
+        host, port_str = rest.rsplit(":", 1)
+        try:
+            tcp_port = int(port_str)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise ConnectionError(
+                f"Invalid TCP endpoint {port!r}: port {port_str!r} is not an integer."
+            ) from e
+    else:
+        host, tcp_port = rest, DEFAULT_TCP_PORT
+    if not host:
+        raise ConnectionError(f"Invalid TCP endpoint {port!r}: empty host.")
+    if any(c in host for c in ("/", "\\")):
+        raise ConnectionError(
+            f"Invalid TCP endpoint {port!r}: host {host!r} contains a path "
+            "separator. TCP hostnames cannot contain '/' or '\\' — did you "
+            "pass a serial port path or a Windows drive path by mistake?"
+        )
+    if not (1 <= tcp_port <= 65535):
+        raise ConnectionError(
+            f"Invalid TCP endpoint {port!r}: port {tcp_port} out of range "
+            "(must be 1..65535)."
+        )
+    return host, tcp_port
+
+
+def normalize_tcp_endpoint(endpoint: str) -> str:
+    r"""Normalize `host`, `host:port`, or `tcp://host[:port]` → canonical
+    `tcp://host:port` form. One place that owns the lock-key shape.
+
+    Defers all validation to `parse_tcp_port`, so path-like inputs
+    (`/dev/cu.foo`, `C:\Windows\…`), empty hosts, non-integer ports,
+    and out-of-range ports raise `ConnectionError` here too.
+    """
+    if endpoint.startswith(TCP_SCHEME):
+        canonical = endpoint
+    elif ":" in endpoint:
+        canonical = f"{TCP_SCHEME}{endpoint}"
+    else:
+        canonical = f"{TCP_SCHEME}{endpoint}:{DEFAULT_TCP_PORT}"
+    host, port = parse_tcp_port(canonical)
+    return f"{TCP_SCHEME}{host}:{port}"
+
+
+def reject_if_tcp(port: str | None, tool_name: str) -> None:
+    """Raise if `port` is a TCP endpoint — for tools that need real USB
+    hardware (flash, bootloader, vendor escape hatches, serial monitor).
+
+    Only checks the explicit arg; auto-selection via env var is the caller's
+    responsibility to handle if it matters.
+    """
+    if is_tcp_port(port):
+        raise ConnectionError(
+            f"{tool_name} is not applicable to TCP/native nodes ({port}). "
+            "This tool requires USB-attached hardware."
+        )
+
+
 def resolve_port(port: str | None) -> str:
-    """Pick a port: explicit > sole likely_meshtastic candidate > error."""
+    """Pick a port: explicit > sole likely_meshtastic candidate > error.
+
+    A `tcp://` string passes through (after canonicalization). When `port`
+    is None and no USB candidates are present, `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST`
+    is consulted via `devices.list_devices()`.
+    """
    if port:
+        if is_tcp_port(port):
+            return normalize_tcp_endpoint(port)
        return port
    candidates = [d for d in devices.list_devices() if d["likely_meshtastic"]]
    if not candidates:
        raise ConnectionError(
-            "No Meshtastic devices detected. Plug one in or pass `port` explicitly. "
-            "Run `list_devices` with include_unknown=True to see all serial ports."
+            "No Meshtastic devices detected. Plug one in, set "
+            f"{TCP_HOST_ENV}=<host[:port]> for a meshtasticd daemon, "
+            "or pass `port` explicitly. Run `list_devices` with "
+            "include_unknown=True to see all serial ports."
        )
    if len(candidates) > 1:
        ports = ", ".join(c["port"] for c in candidates)
@@ -43,17 +138,62 @@ def resolve_port(port: str | None) -> str:

@contextmanager
 def connect(port: str | None = None, timeout_s: float = 8.0) -> Iterator:
-    """Open a `meshtastic.SerialInterface` and always close it.
+    """Open a meshtastic interface (serial or TCP) and always close it.

-    Raises `ConnectionError` immediately if another serial session holds the
-    port (a `pio device monitor` in `serial_sessions/`, for instance).
+    For serial: raises `ConnectionError` immediately if another serial
+    session holds the port (a `pio device monitor` in `serial_sessions/`).
+    For TCP: no exclusive-access requirement, so the serial-session check
+    is skipped — but the `port_lock` still serializes parallel `connect()`
+    calls to the same daemon endpoint.
+
+    `timeout_s` is plumbed through to both `SerialInterface(timeout=...)`
+    and `TCPInterface(timeout=...)`. The meshtastic library uses the value
+    as the reply-wait deadline for `localNode.waitForConfig()` during
+    construction and for any subsequent admin RPC. `int()`-converted at
+    the boundary because the upstream API expects whole seconds.
    """
+    resolved = resolve_port(port)
+    timeout = int(timeout_s)
+
+    if is_tcp_port(resolved):
+        from meshtastic.tcp_interface import (
+            TCPInterface,  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+        )
+
+        host, tcp_port = parse_tcp_port(resolved)
+        lock = registry.port_lock(resolved)
+        if not lock.acquire(blocking=False):
+            raise ConnectionError(
+                f"TCP endpoint {resolved} is busy — another device operation "
+                "is in flight. Retry shortly."
+            )
+
+        iface = None
+        try:
+            iface = TCPInterface(
+                hostname=host,
+                portNumber=tcp_port,
+                connectNow=True,
+                noProto=False,
+                timeout=timeout,
+            )
+            yield iface
+        finally:
+            if iface is not None:
+                try:
+                    iface.close()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            try:
+                lock.release()
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+        return
+
    from meshtastic.serial_interface import (
        SerialInterface,  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
    )

-    resolved = resolve_port(port)
-
    active = registry.active_session_for_port(resolved)
    if active is not None:
        raise ConnectionError(
@@ -70,7 +210,12 @@ def connect(port: str | None = None, timeout_s: float = 8.0) -> Iterator:

    iface = None
    try:
-        iface = SerialInterface(devPath=resolved, connectNow=True, noProto=False)
+        iface = SerialInterface(
+            devPath=resolved,
+            connectNow=True,
+            noProto=False,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
        yield iface
    finally:
        if iface is not None:
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
-"""USB/serial device discovery.
+"""USB/serial + TCP device discovery.

 Combines the canonical `meshtastic.util.findPorts()` allowlist/blocklist with
 the richer metadata (`serial.tools.list_ports.comports()`) so callers see
 VID/PID, descriptions, and manufacturer strings alongside the "is this likely
 a Meshtastic device" signal.
+
+If `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST=<host[:port]>` is set, a synthetic entry for the
+`meshtasticd` daemon at that endpoint is prepended to the result, so
+`resolve_port(None)` auto-selects it like a USB candidate.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

+import os
 from typing import Any

 from serial.tools import list_ports
@@ -19,6 +24,45 @@ def _to_hex(value: int | None) -> str | None:
    return f"0x{value:04x}"


+def _tcp_endpoint_from_env() -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Synthesize a TCP device entry from MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST, if set.
+
+    If the env var is malformed (non-integer port, path-like host, etc.),
+    return an entry with `likely_meshtastic=False` and the parser error in
+    the description, rather than raising — `list_devices` is the diagnostic
+    tool a user reaches for when their env var isn't working, so it must
+    not crash on misconfiguration.
+    """
+    host = os.environ.get("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST")
+    if not host:
+        return None
+    # Lazy import to avoid a circular dependency (connection imports devices).
+    from . import connection
+
+    try:
+        port = connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint(host)
+        description = "meshtasticd (TCP)"
+        likely = True
+    except connection.ConnectionError as e:
+        # Surface the raw env-var value plus the parser's reason so the
+        # user can see exactly what they set and why it was rejected.
+        # Don't double the scheme if the user already prefixed `tcp://`.
+        port = host if host.startswith(connection.TCP_SCHEME) else f"tcp://{host}"
+        description = f"meshtasticd (TCP) — invalid MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST: {e}"
+        likely = False
+    return {
+        "port": port,
+        "vid": None,
+        "pid": None,
+        "description": description,
+        "manufacturer": None,
+        "product": None,
+        "serial_number": None,
+        "likely_meshtastic": likely,
+        "blacklisted": False,
+    }
+
+
 def list_devices(include_unknown: bool = False) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
    """Return enriched info for serial ports, flagging Meshtastic candidates.

@@ -70,6 +114,22 @@ def list_devices(include_unknown: bool = False) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
            }
        )

-    # Stable ordering: likely_meshtastic first, then by port path
-    results.sort(key=lambda r: (not r["likely_meshtastic"], r["port"]))
+    # Append the TCP endpoint (if env var set) and sort everything together.
+    tcp_entry = _tcp_endpoint_from_env()
+    if tcp_entry is not None:
+        results.append(tcp_entry)
+
+    # Stable ordering: likely_meshtastic first; within rank, TCP wins over
+    # USB (explicit env-var configuration takes precedence over USB
+    # enumeration); then by port path. A misconfigured TCP entry has
+    # likely_meshtastic=False and lands among the other ignored entries —
+    # it does NOT pre-empt real USB devices at the top of the list.
+    results.sort(
+        key=lambda r: (
+            not r["likely_meshtastic"],
+            not r["port"].startswith("tcp://"),
+            r["port"],
+        )
+    )
+
    return results
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+"""Fake NodeDB fixture push — Portduino file copy + hardware XModem upload.
+
+The fixture pipeline is two-stage:
+  1. `bin/gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py` produces a deterministic JSONL describing N
+     fake-but-realistic peers. Committed under `test/fixtures/nodedb/`.
+  2. `bin/seed-json-to-proto.py` compiles JSONL → binary v25 NodeDatabase
+     protobuf with fresh wall-clock timestamps.
+
+This module exposes `push_fake_nodedb(...)`, the MCP tool that:
+  - target="portduino": compiles the JSONL into the device's prefs dir on
+    the local filesystem (`~/.portduino/<config>/prefs/nodes.proto`).
+  - target="hardware":  compiles to a temp file, then streams it over the
+    XModem protocol (via the meshtastic SerialInterface/BLEInterface +
+    `meshtastic.xmodempacket` pubsub topic) to `/prefs/nodes.proto` on the
+    device. Triggers a reboot so the firmware loads the new state on next
+    boot.
+
+XModem wire details (mirrors firmware impl at src/xmodem.cpp:115-260):
+  * 128-byte chunks; final chunk padded to 128 B with 0x1A (SUB) bytes.
+  * CRC16-CCITT (poly 0x1021, init 0x0000).
+  * SOH/seq=0 carries the destination filename in `buffer.bytes`. ACK if
+    `FSCom.open(filename, FILE_O_WRITE)` succeeds; NAK otherwise.
+  * SOH/seq≥1 carries a 128-byte chunk. ACK = advance; NAK = retransmit.
+  * EOT after the last chunk flushes + closes the file on-device.
+
+Hardware push requires `confirm=True` (mirrors factory_reset / erase_and_flash
+in the .github/copilot-instructions.md "never do these without asking" list).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import hashlib
+import pathlib
+import queue
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from .connection import connect, is_tcp_port
+
+# Resolve repo root so the tool works regardless of mcp-server cwd.
+_REPO_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]
+_SEED_DIR = _REPO_ROOT / "test" / "fixtures" / "nodedb"
+_COMPILE_SCRIPT = _REPO_ROOT / "bin" / "seed-json-to-proto.py"
+
+_DEFAULT_NODES_FILENAME = "/prefs/nodes.proto"
+_XMODEM_CHUNK = 128
+_XMODEM_SUB = 0x1A
+_ACK_TIMEOUT_INIT_S = 5.0
+_ACK_TIMEOUT_CHUNK_S = 2.0
+_MAX_CHUNK_RETRIES = 5
+
+_VALID_SIZES = (250, 500, 1000, 2000)
+
+
+class FixtureError(RuntimeError):
+    """Raised for any fixture-push failure (compile, transport, ack timeout, …)."""
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CRC16-CCITT (poly 0x1021, init 0x0000). Matches the firmware's `crc16_ccitt`.
+# Hand-rolled to avoid the optional `crcmod` dep.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _crc16_ccitt(data: bytes, *, init: int = 0x0000) -> int:
+    crc = init
+    for b in data:
+        crc ^= b << 8
+        for _ in range(8):
+            if crc & 0x8000:
+                crc = ((crc << 1) ^ 0x1021) & 0xFFFF
+            else:
+                crc = (crc << 1) & 0xFFFF
+    return crc
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Compile step — shells out to bin/seed-json-to-proto.py so the MCP module
+# doesn't have to duplicate the proto-encoding logic.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _compile_proto(jsonl_path: pathlib.Path, out_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    if not _COMPILE_SCRIPT.is_file():
+        raise FixtureError(f"compile script missing at {_COMPILE_SCRIPT}")
+    cmd = [
+        sys.executable,
+        str(_COMPILE_SCRIPT),
+        "--in",
+        str(jsonl_path),
+        "--out",
+        str(out_path),
+    ]
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+        raise FixtureError(
+            f"seed-json-to-proto.py failed (exit {exc.returncode}):\n"
+            f"  stdout: {exc.stdout}\n  stderr: {exc.stderr}"
+        ) from exc
+
+
+def _resolve_seed_jsonl(size: int, custom: str | None) -> pathlib.Path:
+    if custom is not None:
+        p = pathlib.Path(custom).expanduser().resolve()
+        if not p.is_file():
+            raise FixtureError(f"custom_seed_jsonl not found: {p}")
+        return p
+    p = _SEED_DIR / f"seed_v25_{size:04d}.jsonl"
+    if not p.is_file():
+        raise FixtureError(
+            f"missing committed seed at {p}. "
+            f"Run `./bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh` to generate it."
+        )
+    return p
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Portduino push — file copy into ~/.portduino/<config>/prefs/
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _portduino_prefs_dir(config_name: str) -> pathlib.Path:
+    home = pathlib.Path.home()
+    return home / ".portduino" / config_name / "prefs"
+
+
+def _push_portduino(
+    size: int,
+    jsonl: pathlib.Path,
+    portduino_config: str,
+    backup_existing: bool,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    prefs = _portduino_prefs_dir(portduino_config)
+    prefs.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    target = prefs / "nodes.proto"
+    backed_up_to: str | None = None
+    if backup_existing and target.is_file():
+        ts = int(time.time())
+        backup = prefs / f"nodes.proto.bak.{ts}"
+        shutil.move(str(target), str(backup))
+        backed_up_to = str(backup)
+    _compile_proto(jsonl, target)
+    raw = target.read_bytes()
+    return {
+        "transport": "portduino",
+        "path": str(target),
+        "bytes": len(raw),
+        "sha256": hashlib.sha256(raw).hexdigest(),
+        "jsonl_source": str(jsonl),
+        "backed_up_to": backed_up_to,
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Hardware push — XModem over BLE/serial via the meshtastic Python interface.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class _AckEvent:
+    control: int
+    seq: int
+
+
+def _wait_for_response(q: "queue.Queue[_AckEvent]", timeout_s: float) -> _AckEvent:
+    try:
+        return q.get(timeout=timeout_s)
+    except queue.Empty as exc:
+        raise FixtureError(
+            f"XModem response timeout after {timeout_s:.1f}s — device not responding"
+        ) from exc
+
+
+def _push_hardware(
+    size: int,
+    jsonl: pathlib.Path,
+    port: str | None,
+    reboot_after: bool,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    # Lazy imports so the module loads even when the meshtastic deps aren't
+    # available (e.g. CI in a Python env without the package installed).
+    try:
+        from meshtastic.protobuf import mesh_pb2, xmodem_pb2
+        from pubsub import pub
+    except ImportError as exc:  # pragma: no cover — dep missing
+        raise FixtureError(
+            f"hardware push requires the meshtastic + pypubsub packages: {exc}"
+        ) from exc
+
+    if is_tcp_port(port):
+        raise FixtureError(
+            "hardware push over TCP/portduino is not supported — use "
+            "target='portduino' to drop the fixture directly into the prefs dir."
+        )
+
+    # Compile the fixture to a temp file with fresh timestamps.
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".proto", delete=False) as tf:
+        proto_path = pathlib.Path(tf.name)
+    try:
+        _compile_proto(jsonl, proto_path)
+        payload = proto_path.read_bytes()
+    finally:
+        proto_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+    sha256 = hashlib.sha256(payload).hexdigest()
+    total_bytes = len(payload)
+
+    # Subscribe to XModem responses BEFORE we open the interface, so we don't
+    # race the first ACK that arrives during the SOH/seq=0 handshake.
+    #
+    # NB: the signature MUST declare every kwarg pypubsub will see for this
+    # topic, or pubsub locks the topic spec to a smaller set (whichever
+    # subscribe arrives first) and then *rejects* the meshtastic library's
+    # publish call with `SenderUnknownMsgDataError: unknown ... interface`.
+    # The meshtastic lib publishes both `packet=` and `interface=`
+    # (mesh_interface.py:1389-1395), so both must appear here.
+    response_q: "queue.Queue[_AckEvent]" = queue.Queue()
+
+    def _on_xmodem(packet: Any = None, interface: Any = None, **_kw: Any) -> None:
+        if packet is None:
+            return
+        response_q.put(_AckEvent(control=int(packet.control), seq=int(packet.seq)))
+
+    pub.subscribe(_on_xmodem, "meshtastic.xmodempacket")
+
+    chunks_sent = 0
+    retried = 0
+    rebooted = False
+
+    XMC = xmodem_pb2.XModem.Control
+    try:
+        with connect(port=port) as iface:
+            # 1) Send the filename (SOH, seq=0).
+            init_pkt = xmodem_pb2.XModem(
+                control=XMC.Value("SOH"),
+                seq=0,
+                buffer=_DEFAULT_NODES_FILENAME.encode("utf-8"),
+            )
+            iface._sendToRadio(mesh_pb2.ToRadio(xmodemPacket=init_pkt))
+            ack = _wait_for_response(response_q, _ACK_TIMEOUT_INIT_S)
+            if ack.control != XMC.Value("ACK"):
+                raise FixtureError(
+                    f"device refused filename {_DEFAULT_NODES_FILENAME!r} "
+                    f"(got control={ack.control}, expected ACK). "
+                    f"Filesystem full or permissions issue?"
+                )
+
+            # 2) Stream the payload in 128 B chunks.
+            for offset in range(0, total_bytes, _XMODEM_CHUNK):
+                chunk = payload[offset : offset + _XMODEM_CHUNK]
+                if len(chunk) < _XMODEM_CHUNK:
+                    # Pad final chunk to 128 B with SUB. The trailing 0x1A bytes
+                    # become part of the file on-device, but nanopb ignores
+                    # bytes past the end of the top-level message.
+                    chunk = chunk + bytes([_XMODEM_SUB] * (_XMODEM_CHUNK - len(chunk)))
+                seq = ((offset // _XMODEM_CHUNK) + 1) % 256
+                # Retry loop on NAK / timeout.
+                attempts = 0
+                while True:
+                    pkt = xmodem_pb2.XModem(
+                        control=XMC.Value("SOH"),
+                        seq=seq,
+                        buffer=chunk,
+                        crc16=_crc16_ccitt(chunk),
+                    )
+                    iface._sendToRadio(mesh_pb2.ToRadio(xmodemPacket=pkt))
+                    ack = _wait_for_response(response_q, _ACK_TIMEOUT_CHUNK_S)
+                    if ack.control == XMC.Value("ACK"):
+                        chunks_sent += 1
+                        break
+                    if ack.control == XMC.Value("NAK"):
+                        attempts += 1
+                        retried += 1
+                        if attempts >= _MAX_CHUNK_RETRIES:
+                            # Abort: send CAN so the firmware removes the half-
+                            # written file via FSCom.remove(filename).
+                            iface._sendToRadio(
+                                mesh_pb2.ToRadio(
+                                    xmodemPacket=xmodem_pb2.XModem(
+                                        control=XMC.Value("CAN")
+                                    )
+                                )
+                            )
+                            raise FixtureError(
+                                f"chunk seq={seq} NAK'd {attempts} times; "
+                                f"aborted transfer (file removed on-device)."
+                            )
+                        continue  # retry the same chunk
+                    raise FixtureError(
+                        f"unexpected XModem control={ack.control} on seq={seq}"
+                    )
+
+            # 3) Tell the device we're done.
+            iface._sendToRadio(
+                mesh_pb2.ToRadio(
+                    xmodemPacket=xmodem_pb2.XModem(control=XMC.Value("EOT"))
+                )
+            )
+            ack = _wait_for_response(response_q, _ACK_TIMEOUT_CHUNK_S)
+            if ack.control != XMC.Value("ACK"):
+                raise FixtureError(f"EOT not ACKed (got control={ack.control})")
+
+            # 4) Reboot so loadFromDisk picks up the new file.
+            if reboot_after:
+                iface.localNode.reboot(secs=1)
+                rebooted = True
+    finally:
+        try:
+            pub.unsubscribe(_on_xmodem, "meshtastic.xmodempacket")
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    return {
+        "transport": "hardware",
+        "port": port,
+        "filename_on_device": _DEFAULT_NODES_FILENAME,
+        "bytes": total_bytes,
+        "chunks_sent": chunks_sent,
+        "retried": retried,
+        "sha256": sha256,
+        "jsonl_source": str(jsonl),
+        "rebooted": rebooted,
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Public entry point — registered as an MCP tool in server.py.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def push_fake_nodedb(
+    size: int,
+    target: Literal["portduino", "hardware"] = "portduino",
+    *,
+    port: str | None = None,
+    portduino_config: str = "default",
+    backup_existing: bool = True,
+    confirm: bool = False,
+    reboot_after: bool = True,
+    custom_seed_jsonl: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Compile a fresh-timestamp NodeDatabase fixture and push it to a device.
+
+    Args:
+      size: 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 — selects which committed seed JSONL to use.
+      target: "portduino" (file copy to ~/.portduino/<config>/prefs/) or
+              "hardware" (XModem upload to /prefs/nodes.proto + reboot).
+      port: required for target="hardware". Serial path (e.g. /dev/cu.usbmodemXXXX)
+            or BLE identifier. TCP endpoints are rejected — use target="portduino"
+            instead.
+      portduino_config: which Portduino instance dir under ~/.portduino/. Default "default".
+      backup_existing: portduino only. Move nodes.proto -> nodes.proto.bak.<ts>
+                        if present, so you can roll back.
+      confirm: required True for target="hardware" (writes flash + reboots).
+      reboot_after: hardware only. If True, send a 1-second reboot after the
+                    final ACK so loadFromDisk picks up the new file at next boot.
+      custom_seed_jsonl: override the committed JSONL. Use to push a hand-edited
+                         test scenario.
+
+    Returns:
+        dict with transport, bytes, sha256, etc. — depends on target.
+
+    """
+    if size not in _VALID_SIZES:
+        raise FixtureError(
+            f"size must be one of {_VALID_SIZES}; got {size!r}. "
+            f"Add a new committed seed if you need a different cardinality."
+        )
+
+    jsonl = _resolve_seed_jsonl(size, custom_seed_jsonl)
+
+    if target == "portduino":
+        return _push_portduino(size, jsonl, portduino_config, backup_existing)
+
+    if target == "hardware":
+        if not confirm:
+            raise FixtureError(
+                "hardware push writes flash and triggers a reboot — pass confirm=True."
+            )
+        if not port:
+            raise FixtureError(
+                "target='hardware' requires a port (e.g. /dev/cu.usbmodemXXXX)."
+            )
+        return _push_hardware(size, jsonl, port, reboot_after)
+
+    raise FixtureError(f"unknown target {target!r}; expected 'portduino' or 'hardware'")
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from typing import Any

 import serial

-from . import boards, config, devices, pio, userprefs
+from . import boards, config, connection, devices, pio, userprefs

 # Meshtastic variants use both `esp32s3` and `esp32-s3` style names across
 # variants/*/platformio.ini (no consistency enforced). Accept both spellings.
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@ def _require_confirm(confirm: bool, operation: str) -> None:
        )


+def _reject_native_env(env: str, operation: str) -> None:
+    """`native*` envs build a host executable, not firmware — there's no
+    upload step. The user wants `build` (or just runs the binary directly).
+    """
+    if env.startswith("native"):
+        raise FlashError(
+            f"{operation} is not applicable for env {env!r}: native envs "
+            "produce a host executable, not flashable firmware. Use `build` "
+            "instead, then run the resulting binary directly."
+        )
+
+
 def _artifacts_for(env: str) -> list[Path]:
    build_dir = config.firmware_root() / ".pio" / "build" / env
    if not build_dir.is_dir():
@@ -96,18 +108,33 @@ def build(
    env: str,
    with_manifest: bool = True,
    userprefs_overrides: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    build_flags: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Run `pio run -e <env>` and return artifact paths.

    `userprefs_overrides` (optional): dict of `USERPREFS_<KEY>: value` to inject
    into userPrefs.jsonc for this build only. File is restored byte-for-byte
    on exit. Use `userprefs_set()` for persistent changes.
+
+    `build_flags` (optional): dict of `-D<NAME>=<VALUE>` macros to set for
+    this build only via `PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS`. Common useful flag:
+    `{"DEBUG_HEAP": 1}` enables per-thread leak detection + `[heap N]`
+    prefix on every log line. Combines with the recorder so heap shows
+    up at log cadence (much higher resolution than the ~60 s LocalStats
+    packet) — see `recorder/parsers.py:_HEAP_PREFIX_RE`. Bool values
+    expand to bare `-D<NAME>` (presence-only flags).
    """
    args = ["run", "-e", env]
    if with_manifest:
        args.extend(["-t", "mtjson"])
+    extra_env = _build_flags_env(build_flags) if build_flags else None
    with userprefs.temporary_overrides(userprefs_overrides) as effective:
-        result = pio.run(args, timeout=pio.TIMEOUT_BUILD, check=False)
+        result = pio.run(
+            args,
+            timeout=pio.TIMEOUT_BUILD,
+            check=False,
+            extra_env=extra_env,
+        )
    return {
        "exit_code": result.returncode,
        "artifacts": [str(p) for p in _artifacts_for(env)],
@@ -115,9 +142,27 @@ def build(
        "stderr_tail": pio.tail_lines(result.stderr, 200),
        "duration_s": round(result.duration_s, 2),
        "userprefs": _userprefs_summary(effective),
+        "build_flags": dict(build_flags) if build_flags else None,
    }


+def _build_flags_env(build_flags: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Translate `{"DEBUG_HEAP": 1, "FOO": "bar"}` → `{"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS":
+    "-DDEBUG_HEAP=1 -DFOO=bar"}`. Bool True → bare `-D<NAME>`; False/None drop
+    the flag entirely. Other types stringify."""
+    parts: list[str] = []
+    for key, value in build_flags.items():
+        if value is False or value is None:
+            continue
+        if value is True:
+            parts.append(f"-D{key}")
+        else:
+            parts.append(f"-D{key}={value}")
+    if not parts:
+        return {}
+    return {"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": " ".join(parts)}
+
+
 def clean(env: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Run `pio run -e <env> -t clean`."""
    result = pio.run(["run", "-e", env, "-t", "clean"], timeout=120, check=False)
@@ -134,18 +179,29 @@ def flash(
    port: str,
    confirm: bool = False,
    userprefs_overrides: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    build_flags: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """`pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>`. All architectures.

    `userprefs_overrides` (optional): see `build()` — the rebuild-before-upload
    that pio performs will pick up the injected values.
+
+    `build_flags` (optional): same shape as `build()` — `PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS`
+    is exported for the rebuild-before-upload, so the uploaded firmware
+    actually carries the flags. Without this propagation, `pio run -t upload`
+    would relink without the env var and silently drop them. Common use:
+    `build_flags={"DEBUG_HEAP": 1}` for the leak-hunt path.
    """
    _require_confirm(confirm, "flash")
+    _reject_native_env(env, "flash")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "flash")
+    extra_env = _build_flags_env(build_flags) if build_flags else None
    with userprefs.temporary_overrides(userprefs_overrides) as effective:
        result = pio.run(
            ["run", "-e", env, "-t", "upload", "--upload-port", port],
            timeout=pio.TIMEOUT_UPLOAD,
            check=False,
+            extra_env=extra_env,
        )
    return {
        "exit_code": result.returncode,
@@ -153,6 +209,7 @@ def flash(
        "stderr_tail": pio.tail_lines(result.stderr, 200),
        "duration_s": round(result.duration_s, 2),
        "userprefs": _userprefs_summary(effective),
+        "build_flags": dict(build_flags) if build_flags else None,
    }


@@ -200,6 +257,7 @@ def erase_and_flash(
    in that case) since a cached factory.bin would not reflect the new prefs.
    """
    _require_confirm(confirm, "erase_and_flash")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "erase_and_flash")
    _check_esp32_env(env)

    if userprefs_overrides and skip_build:
@@ -257,6 +315,7 @@ def update_flash(
    overrides are provided we always force a rebuild.
    """
    _require_confirm(confirm, "update_flash")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "update_flash")
    _check_esp32_env(env)

    if userprefs_overrides and skip_build:
@@ -391,6 +450,7 @@ def touch_1200bps(

    Returns `{ok, former_port, new_port, new_port_vid_pid, attempts}`.
    """
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "touch_1200bps")
    before_list = devices.list_devices(include_unknown=True)
    before_ports = {d["port"] for d in before_list}

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Sequence

-from . import config, pio
+from . import config, connection, pio

 _TIMEOUT_SHORT = 30
 _TIMEOUT_LONG = 600
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ def _parse_esptool_chip_info(stdout: str) -> dict[str, Any]:


 def esptool_chip_info(port: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "esptool_chip_info")
    binary = config.esptool_bin()
    # `chip_id` prints chip + mac + crystal + features. `flash_id` adds flash.
    combined = _run(binary, ["--port", port, "flash_id"], timeout=_TIMEOUT_SHORT)
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ def esptool_chip_info(port: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 def esptool_erase_flash(port: str, confirm: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Full-chip erase. Leaves the device unbootable until reflashed."""
    _require_confirm(confirm, "esptool_erase_flash")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "esptool_erase_flash")
    binary = config.esptool_bin()
    # esptool v5 uses `erase-flash`, older uses `erase_flash`. Try the new name
    # first; if it fails with unknown command, retry old.
@@ -134,6 +136,7 @@ def esptool_raw(
    """Raw esptool passthrough. Destructive subcommands require confirm=True."""
    if not args:
        raise ToolError("args must not be empty")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "esptool_raw")
    # Find the first non-flag arg (the subcommand).
    subcommand = next((a for a in args if not a.startswith("-")), None)
    if subcommand and subcommand.replace("-", "_") in {
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@ NRFUTIL_DESTRUCTIVE = {"dfu", "settings"}

 def nrfutil_dfu(port: str, package_path: str, confirm: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]:
    _require_confirm(confirm, "nrfutil_dfu")
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "nrfutil_dfu")
    pkg = Path(package_path).expanduser()
    if not pkg.is_file():
        raise ToolError(f"Package not found: {pkg}")
@@ -213,6 +217,7 @@ def _parse_picotool_info(stdout: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 def picotool_info(port: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Read device info from a Pico in BOOTSEL mode. `port` is informational
    only — picotool auto-detects."""
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "picotool_info")
    binary = config.picotool_bin()
    res = _run(binary, ["info", "-a"], timeout=_TIMEOUT_SHORT)
    if res["exit_code"] != 0:
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+"""Read-side queries over the recorder's JSONL streams.
+
+Pure functions over `mcp-server/.mtlog/`. Streaming JSONL reader: never
+loads a whole file. Time-bound queries short-circuit as soon as `ts`
+exceeds the requested end. The recorder writes monotonically, so a
+forward scan is cheap; we don't need an index.
+
+All time arguments accept:
+  - epoch seconds (int/float)
+  - relative strings: "-15m", "-2h", "-3d", "now"
+  - ISO-ish absolute strings: "2026-05-07T14:30:00" (naive timestamps are
+    treated as UTC)
+
+Tools that return data ALWAYS cap their output (max_lines / max_points
+/ max), and report whether more matched than was returned.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gzip
+import json
+import re
+import statistics
+import time
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Iterator
+
+from .recorder.recorder import get_recorder
+
+_REL_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*-\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*([smhd])\s*$")
+_REGEX_PREVIEW_MAX = 100
+_REGEX_PREVIEW_TRUNCATE = 97
+
+
+def _parse_time(value: Any, *, now: float | None = None) -> float:
+    """Coerce to epoch seconds. Defaults `now` to `time.time()`."""
+    if value is None:
+        return time.time()
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return float(value)
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid time: {value!r}")
+    s = value.strip().lower()
+    if s in ("", "now"):
+        return time.time() if now is None else now
+    m = _REL_RE.match(s)
+    if m:
+        n = float(m.group(1))
+        unit = m.group(2)
+        secs = n * {"s": 1, "m": 60, "h": 3600, "d": 86400}[unit]
+        base = time.time() if now is None else now
+        return base - secs
+    # Try ISO 8601. Accept naive (assume UTC) and Z-suffixed.
+    try:
+        if s.endswith("z"):
+            s = s[:-1] + "+00:00"
+        dt = datetime.fromisoformat(s)
+        if dt.tzinfo is None:
+            dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        return dt.timestamp()
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ValueError(f"unparseable time: {value!r}") from e
+
+
+def _iter_jsonl(path: Path, *, since: float, until: float) -> Iterator[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Stream records in chronological order: rotated archives first
+    (oldest → newest by lex sort, which is chronological for our
+    `YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-uuuuuu-NNNNN` archive naming), then the live file
+    last. The "keep last N" pop-front logic in the window queries
+    relies on records arriving in time order across files.
+    """
+    files: list[Path] = []
+    # Gzipped archives are named "<stem>.YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-uuuuuu-NNNNN.jsonl.gz".
+    for archive in sorted(path.parent.glob(f"{path.stem}.*.jsonl.gz")):
+        files.append(archive)
+    if path.exists():
+        files.append(path)
+    for f in files:
+        opener = gzip.open if f.suffix == ".gz" else open
+        try:
+            with opener(f, "rt", encoding="utf-8") as fh:  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                for line in fh:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    if not line:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        rec = json.loads(line)
+                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                        continue
+                    ts = rec.get("ts")
+                    if not isinstance(ts, (int, float)):
+                        continue
+                    if ts < since:
+                        continue
+                    if ts > until:
+                        # Records are append-monotonic within a file, so
+                        # the rest of this file is also past `until`.
+                        # Archives can still overlap each other, so only
+                        # short-circuit this file, not the whole scan.
+                        break
+                    yield rec
+        except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+            continue
+
+
+# -- queries ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def logs_window(
+    start: Any = "-15m",
+    end: Any = "now",
+    *,
+    grep: str | None = None,
+    level: str | None = None,
+    tag: str | None = None,
+    port: str | None = None,
+    max_lines: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Recent firmware log lines, filtered.
+
+    `level` accepts a single level name or pipe-separated set
+    ("WARN|ERROR|CRIT"). `grep` is a regex (Python re) over the raw
+    `line` field. Returns the last `max_lines` matches.
+    """
+    s = _parse_time(start)
+    e = _parse_time(end)
+    levels = _split_set(level)
+    if grep:
+        try:
+            grep_re = re.compile(grep)
+        except re.error as exc:
+            preview = (
+                grep
+                if len(grep) <= _REGEX_PREVIEW_MAX
+                else f"{grep[:_REGEX_PREVIEW_TRUNCATE]}..."
+            )
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid grep regex {preview!r}: {exc}") from exc
+    else:
+        grep_re = None
+
+    base = get_recorder().base_dir
+    matched = 0
+    out: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for rec in _iter_jsonl(base / "logs.jsonl", since=s, until=e):
+        if levels and rec.get("level") not in levels:
+            continue
+        if tag and rec.get("tag") != tag:
+            continue
+        if port and rec.get("port") != port:
+            continue
+        if grep_re and not grep_re.search(rec.get("line") or ""):
+            continue
+        matched += 1
+        out.append(rec)
+        if len(out) > max_lines:
+            out.pop(0)  # keep the most recent N
+    return {
+        "lines": out,
+        "total_matched": matched,
+        "dropped": max(0, matched - max_lines),
+        "window": {"start": s, "end": e},
+    }
+
+
+def telemetry_timeline(
+    window: Any = "1h",
+    *,
+    variant: str = "local",
+    field: str = "free_heap",
+    port: str | None = None,
+    max_points: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Timeseries of one telemetry field, downsampled.
+
+    `field` matches both the protobuf snake_case name (`free_heap`,
+    `heap_free_bytes`, `battery_level`) and camelCase (`freeHeap`).
+    Server-side bucket-mean downsamples to ≤ `max_points`. Returns
+    `slope_per_min` (linear regression slope, units/min) so a leak
+    detector can read one number.
+    """
+    end = time.time()
+    if isinstance(window, (int, float)):
+        # Numeric `window` is a duration in seconds — "last N seconds".
+        # Without this branch, `_parse_time(-N)` would treat -N as an
+        # absolute epoch timestamp (i.e., Jan 1 1970 minus N seconds),
+        # producing a wildly negative `start` and matching nothing.
+        start = end - float(window)
+    elif isinstance(window, str) and not window.startswith("-"):
+        # Bare string like "1h" is sugar for "-1h".
+        start = _parse_time(f"-{window}", now=end)
+    else:
+        start = _parse_time(window, now=end)
+
+    base = get_recorder().base_dir
+    raw: list[tuple[float, float]] = []
+    field_aliases = _field_aliases(field)
+    for rec in _iter_jsonl(base / "telemetry.jsonl", since=start, until=end):
+        if rec.get("variant") != variant:
+            continue
+        if port and rec.get("port") != port:
+            continue
+        fields = rec.get("fields") or {}
+        value: Any = None
+        for alias in field_aliases:
+            if alias in fields:
+                value = fields[alias]
+                break
+        if not isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+            continue
+        raw.append((float(rec["ts"]), float(value)))
+
+    if not raw:
+        return {
+            "points": [],
+            "samples": 0,
+            "min": None,
+            "max": None,
+            "slope_per_min": None,
+            "window": {"start": start, "end": end, "variant": variant, "field": field},
+        }
+
+    points = _downsample(raw, max_points=max_points)
+    values = [v for _, v in raw]
+    return {
+        "points": [{"ts": ts, "value": v} for ts, v in points],
+        "samples": len(raw),
+        "min": min(values),
+        "max": max(values),
+        "slope_per_min": _slope_per_min(raw),
+        "window": {"start": start, "end": end, "variant": variant, "field": field},
+    }
+
+
+def packets_window(
+    start: Any = "-5m",
+    end: Any = "now",
+    *,
+    portnum: str | None = None,
+    from_node: str | None = None,
+    to_node: str | None = None,
+    max: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    s = _parse_time(start)
+    e = _parse_time(end)
+    portnums = _split_set(portnum)
+    base = get_recorder().base_dir
+    matched = 0
+    out: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for rec in _iter_jsonl(base / "packets.jsonl", since=s, until=e):
+        if portnums and rec.get("portnum") not in portnums:
+            continue
+        if from_node and str(rec.get("from_node")) != str(from_node):
+            continue
+        if to_node and str(rec.get("to_node")) != str(to_node):
+            continue
+        matched += 1
+        out.append(rec)
+        if len(out) > max:
+            out.pop(0)
+    return {
+        "packets": out,
+        "total_matched": matched,
+        "dropped": matched - max if matched > max else 0,
+        "window": {"start": s, "end": e},
+    }
+
+
+def events_window(
+    start: Any = "-1h",
+    end: Any = "now",
+    *,
+    kind: str | None = None,
+    max: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    s = _parse_time(start)
+    e = _parse_time(end)
+    kinds = _split_set(kind)
+    base = get_recorder().base_dir
+    matched = 0
+    out: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for rec in _iter_jsonl(base / "events.jsonl", since=s, until=e):
+        if kinds and rec.get("kind") not in kinds:
+            continue
+        matched += 1
+        out.append(rec)
+        if len(out) > max:
+            out.pop(0)
+    return {
+        "events": out,
+        "total_matched": matched,
+        "dropped": matched - max if matched > max else 0,
+        "window": {"start": s, "end": e},
+    }
+
+
+def export(
+    start: Any,
+    end: Any,
+    dest_dir: str,
+    *,
+    streams: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Bundle a slice of each requested stream into `dest_dir`.
+
+    For a notebook, a bug report, or a Datadog backfill. Output files
+    are uncompressed JSONL (callers gzip themselves if they want to).
+    """
+    s = _parse_time(start)
+    e = _parse_time(end)
+    selected = streams or ["logs", "telemetry", "packets", "events"]
+    dest = Path(dest_dir)
+    dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    base = get_recorder().base_dir
+    paths: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for stream in selected:
+        src = base / f"{stream}.jsonl"
+        if not src.exists() and not list(base.glob(f"{stream}.*.jsonl.gz")):
+            continue
+        out_path = dest / f"{stream}.jsonl"
+        n = 0
+        with out_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+            for rec in _iter_jsonl(src, since=s, until=e):
+                fh.write(json.dumps(rec, separators=(",", ":")) + "\n")
+                n += 1
+        paths[stream] = str(out_path)
+        paths[f"{stream}_count"] = str(n)
+    return {"dest_dir": str(dest), "paths": paths, "window": {"start": s, "end": e}}
+
+
+# -- helpers ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _split_set(value: str | None) -> set[str] | None:
+    if not value:
+        return None
+    return {v.strip() for v in value.split("|") if v.strip()}
+
+
+def _field_aliases(field: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Accept snake_case OR camelCase, plus a few legacy aliases."""
+    snake = field
+    camel = _snake_to_camel(field)
+    aliases = {snake, camel}
+    # Old protobuf fields (pre-LocalStats) used different names
+    legacy = {
+        "free_heap": ["free_heap", "freeHeap", "heap_free_bytes", "heapFreeBytes"],
+        "heap_free_bytes": [
+            "heap_free_bytes",
+            "heapFreeBytes",
+            "free_heap",
+            "freeHeap",
+        ],
+        "total_heap": ["total_heap", "totalHeap", "heap_total_bytes", "heapTotalBytes"],
+        "heap_total_bytes": [
+            "heap_total_bytes",
+            "heapTotalBytes",
+            "total_heap",
+            "totalHeap",
+        ],
+    }
+    if field in legacy:
+        aliases.update(legacy[field])
+    return list(aliases)
+
+
+def _snake_to_camel(name: str) -> str:
+    parts = name.split("_")
+    return parts[0] + "".join(p.title() for p in parts[1:])
+
+
+def _downsample(
+    points: list[tuple[float, float]], *, max_points: int
+) -> list[tuple[float, float]]:
+    if len(points) <= max_points:
+        return points
+    # Even-bucket mean. Preserves shape better than nth-sample picking.
+    n = len(points)
+    bucket = n / max_points
+    out: list[tuple[float, float]] = []
+    i = 0
+    for k in range(max_points):
+        end = int((k + 1) * bucket)
+        end = min(end, n)
+        if end <= i:
+            continue
+        chunk = points[i:end]
+        ts = chunk[len(chunk) // 2][0]
+        val = statistics.fmean(v for _, v in chunk)
+        out.append((ts, val))
+        i = end
+    return out
+
+
+def _slope_per_min(points: list[tuple[float, float]]) -> float | None:
+    """Least-squares slope (units per minute). None if too few points."""
+    if len(points) < 2:
+        return None
+    xs = [t for t, _ in points]
+    ys = [v for _, v in points]
+    n = len(xs)
+    mean_x = sum(xs) / n
+    mean_y = sum(ys) / n
+    num = sum((xs[i] - mean_x) * (ys[i] - mean_y) for i in range(n))
+    den = sum((x - mean_x) ** 2 for x in xs)
+    if den == 0:
+        return None
+    slope_per_sec = num / den
+    return slope_per_sec * 60.0
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ def _run_capturing(
    cwd: Path | None = None,
    timeout: float | None = None,
    tee_header: str | None = None,
+    extra_env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[int, str, str, float]:
    """Run a subprocess, capture stdout+stderr, optionally tee to the flash log.

@@ -99,6 +100,9 @@ def _run_capturing(
    `subprocess.TimeoutExpired` on timeout (callers map this to their own
    domain-specific error).

+    `extra_env` merges into the subprocess environment (parent env stays
+    intact). Used for `PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS=-DDEBUG_HEAP=1` and similar.
+
    Fast path: `subprocess.run(capture_output=True)` when no flash log is
    configured (unchanged behavior).

@@ -110,6 +114,9 @@ def _run_capturing(
    """
    log_path = _flash_log_path()
    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    env = None
+    if extra_env:
+        env = {**os.environ, **extra_env}

    if log_path is None:
        # Fast path — unchanged.
@@ -119,6 +126,7 @@ def _run_capturing(
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            timeout=timeout,
+            env=env,
        )
        return (
            proc.returncode,
@@ -145,6 +153,7 @@ def _run_capturing(
        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
        text=True,
        bufsize=1,  # line-buffered
+        env=env,
    )
    stdout_chunks: list[str] = []
    stderr_chunks: list[str] = []
@@ -232,12 +241,17 @@ def run(
    cwd: Path | None = None,
    timeout: float | None = TIMEOUT_DEFAULT,
    check: bool = True,
+    extra_env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
 ) -> PioResult:
    """Invoke `pio <args>` and return captured output.

    `cwd` defaults to the firmware root. `check=True` raises `PioError` on
    non-zero exit; set `check=False` to inspect `returncode` manually.

+    `extra_env` merges into the subprocess environment — used for
+    `PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS=-DDEBUG_HEAP=1` and similar build-time
+    toggles that can't be expressed as command-line args.
+
    If `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG` is set, output is also tee'd to that file
    line-by-line as it arrives (for live flash progress in the TUI).
    """
@@ -250,6 +264,7 @@ def run(
            cwd=work_dir,
            timeout=timeout,
            tee_header=f"pio {' '.join(args)}",
+            extra_env=extra_env,
        )
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as exc:
        raise PioTimeout(f"pio {' '.join(args)} timed out after {timeout}s") from exc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Persistent device-log capture.
+
+Singleton `Recorder` subscribes once to the meshtastic pubsub fan-out
+(`meshtastic.log.line`, `meshtastic.receive.*`, `meshtastic.connection.*`)
+and appends to four JSONL files under `mcp-server/.mtlog/`. Pubsub is
+process-global so a single subscription captures every active interface
+(serial / TCP / BLE) without any per-connection bookkeeping.
+
+The recorder is opt-in-by-import: importing this package is a no-op; call
+`get_recorder().start()` (which `server.py` does at FastMCP app init) to
+begin writing. `pause()` / `resume()` exist for the rare case the user
+wants a clean stretch of file (e.g. capturing a known-good baseline).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .recorder import Recorder, get_recorder
+
+__all__ = ["Recorder", "get_recorder"]
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+"""Best-effort parsers for log lines and telemetry packets.
+
+Two flavors of log line cross our pubsub subscription:
+  1. Text-mode path (debug_log_api disabled): the meshtastic Python lib
+     accumulates bytes between protobuf frames and emits the full
+     firmware-formatted line, e.g.
+         "INFO  | 12:34:56 12345 [Main] Booting"
+     — level, HH:MM:SS, uptime seconds, thread bracket, then message.
+  2. LogRecord protobuf path (debug_log_api enabled): the lib calls
+     `_handleLogLine(record.message)` with ONLY the message body. The
+     level/source/time fields on the LogRecord are dropped before
+     pubsub fan-out. We get e.g. just "Booting".
+
+Both arrive on `meshtastic.log.line`. The parser tries to recover a
+level + thread when the prefix is present and falls back to level=None
+otherwise. Consumers who want level filtering on protobuf-mode hosts
+should grep the raw `line` field instead.
+
+Telemetry: `meshtastic.receive.telemetry` packets carry one of several
+metric variants in `packet["decoded"]["telemetry"]`. We flatten the
+chosen variant into a {field: value} dict so callers don't have to
+know the protobuf shape.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+# Match: LEVEL | HH:MM:SS UPTIME [Thread] message
+# HH:MM:SS may be ??:??:?? when RTC isn't valid. The level alternation
+# below is the canonical list — DebugConfiguration.h's MESHTASTIC_LOG_LEVEL_*
+# macros must stay in sync with these strings.
+_LINE_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    ^
+    (?P<level>DEBUG|INFO\ |WARN\ |ERROR|CRIT\ |TRACE|HEAP\ )
+    \s*\|\s*
+    (?P<clock>(?:\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})|(?:\?{2}:\?{2}:\?{2}))
+    \s+
+    (?P<uptime>\d+)
+    \s+
+    (?:\[(?P<thread>[^\]]+)\]\s+)?
+    (?P<msg>.*)
+    $
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+# DEBUG_HEAP build prepends `[heap N] ` to every message body, AFTER the
+# thread bracket. See src/RedirectablePrint.cpp:175.
+_HEAP_PREFIX_RE = re.compile(r"^\[heap\s+(?P<heap>\d+)\]\s+(?P<rest>.*)$")
+
+# OSThread leak/free detection. See src/concurrency/OSThread.cpp:89-91.
+# Format: "------ Thread NAME leaked heap A -> B (delta) ------"
+#         "++++++ Thread NAME freed heap A -> B (delta) ++++++"
+_THREAD_HEAP_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    ^[\-+]+\s*
+    Thread\s+(?P<thread>\S+)\s+
+    (?P<kind>leaked|freed)\s+heap\s+
+    (?P<before>-?\d+)\s*->\s*(?P<after>-?\d+)\s+
+    \((?P<delta>-?\d+)\)
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+# Power.cpp:908 periodic heap status (DEBUG_HEAP only).
+# Format: "Heap status: FREE/TOTAL bytes free (DELTA), running R/N threads"
+_HEAP_STATUS_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    Heap\s+status:\s+
+    (?P<free>\d+)\s*/\s*(?P<total>\d+)\s+bytes\s+free
+    (?:\s+\((?P<delta>-?\d+)\))?
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+_ANSI_RE = re.compile(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*[A-Za-z]")
+_HEAP_BRACKET_RE = re.compile(r"^heap\s+(?P<heap>\d+)$")
+
+
+def parse_log_line(line: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Best-effort decompose a raw firmware log line.
+
+    Returns a dict with at least `line` (the original, unmodified — ANSI
+    codes preserved for fidelity). Adds `level`, `tag`, `clock`,
+    `uptime_s`, and `msg` when the full prefix is present.
+
+    Handles two firmware quirks:
+      - LogRecord.message can carry ANSI color escapes from RedirectablePrint
+        (the BLE/StreamAPI path inherited the colored body in some builds).
+        We strip ANSI before regex matching so the prefix survives.
+      - DEBUG_HEAP injects `[heap N]` after the thread bracket. When NO
+        thread name is set, the heap takes the thread bracket position —
+        looks like `[heap 12345] msg`. We detect that shape and move it
+        out of `tag` and into `heap_free`.
+
+    DEBUG_HEAP-build extras (when `[heap N]` is injected): `heap_free`
+    (bytes), and when a `Thread X leaked|freed heap` line is recognized,
+    `heap_event` = {kind, thread, before, after, delta}.
+
+    Never raises.
+    """
+    out: dict[str, Any] = {"line": line}
+    if not line:
+        return out
+
+    # Strip ANSI escapes BEFORE any regex matching. The original `line`
+    # stays in `out["line"]` for fidelity / future grep.
+    clean = _ANSI_RE.sub("", line)
+
+    m = _LINE_RE.match(clean)
+    msg: str | None = None
+    if m:
+        level = m.group("level").rstrip()
+        out["level"] = level
+        out["clock"] = m.group("clock")
+        try:
+            out["uptime_s"] = int(m.group("uptime"))
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            out["uptime_s"] = None
+        thread = m.group("thread")
+        if thread:
+            # If "thread" is actually the heap prefix taking the bracket
+            # position (DEBUG_HEAP build, no thread set), capture heap
+            # and leave tag unset.
+            hb = _HEAP_BRACKET_RE.match(thread.strip())
+            if hb:
+                try:
+                    out["heap_free"] = int(hb.group("heap"))
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    pass
+            else:
+                out["tag"] = thread
+        msg = m.group("msg")
+        out["msg"] = msg
+    else:
+        # No prefix — bare LogRecord.message body. Inspect the whole
+        # line for DEBUG_HEAP-style content; the heap-prefix and
+        # thread-leak patterns can survive on either path.
+        msg = clean
+
+    # DEBUG_HEAP per-line heap prefix: `[heap 92344] message`.
+    # Sits AFTER the thread bracket and BEFORE the message body, but
+    # for bare LogRecord lines it's at the start. Match it at the
+    # head of `msg`.
+    if msg:
+        hp = _HEAP_PREFIX_RE.match(msg)
+        if hp:
+            try:
+                out["heap_free"] = int(hp.group("heap"))
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                # Strip the prefix from `msg` so a grep on the message
+                # body doesn't have to know about it.
+                out["msg"] = hp.group("rest")
+                msg = hp.group("rest")
+
+        # Thread-level leak/free detection.
+        thr = _THREAD_HEAP_RE.search(msg)
+        if thr:
+            try:
+                out["heap_event"] = {
+                    "kind": thr.group("kind"),
+                    "thread": thr.group("thread"),
+                    "before": int(thr.group("before")),
+                    "after": int(thr.group("after")),
+                    "delta": int(thr.group("delta")),
+                }
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                pass
+
+        # Power.cpp periodic "Heap status: F/T bytes free (D), running ..."
+        hs = _HEAP_STATUS_RE.search(msg)
+        if hs:
+            try:
+                out["heap_free"] = int(hs.group("free"))
+                out["heap_total"] = int(hs.group("total"))
+                if hs.group("delta") is not None:
+                    out["heap_delta"] = int(hs.group("delta"))
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                pass
+
+    return out
+
+
+# -- Telemetry ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Order matters: meshtastic-python decoded packets use the protobuf
+# `oneof variant` field name (snake_case) as the dict key.
+_TELEMETRY_VARIANTS = (
+    ("device_metrics", "device"),
+    ("local_stats", "local"),
+    ("environment_metrics", "environment"),
+    ("power_metrics", "power"),
+    ("air_quality_metrics", "airQuality"),
+    ("health_metrics", "health"),
+    ("host_metrics", "host"),
+)
+
+
+def extract_telemetry(packet: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Pull the telemetry variant + flat fields out of a `meshtastic.receive.telemetry`
+    packet. Returns None when the shape isn't what we expect — so the
+    caller can fall back to a generic packets.jsonl row.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(packet, dict):
+        return None
+    decoded = packet.get("decoded")
+    if not isinstance(decoded, dict):
+        return None
+    telem = decoded.get("telemetry")
+    if not isinstance(telem, dict):
+        return None
+    # The Python lib produces dict-of-camelCase keys via MessageToDict.
+    # Try both camelCase and snake_case to be robust to lib version drift.
+    for snake, label in _TELEMETRY_VARIANTS:
+        camel = _snake_to_camel(snake)
+        for key in (snake, camel):
+            value = telem.get(key)
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                return {
+                    "variant": label,
+                    "fields": {k: _scalarize(v) for k, v in value.items()},
+                    "time": telem.get("time"),
+                }
+    return None
+
+
+def _snake_to_camel(name: str) -> str:
+    parts = name.split("_")
+    return parts[0] + "".join(p.title() for p in parts[1:])
+
+
+def _scalarize(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Keep telemetry fields JSON-friendly. Lists/dicts pass through
+    untouched; bytes -> hex string; protobuf enums occasionally arrive
+    as ints (fine) or strings (also fine)."""
+    if isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+        return bytes(value).hex()
+    return value
+
+
+# -- Generic packet summary ---------------------------------------------
+
+
+def summarize_packet(
+    packet: dict[str, Any], *, payload_hex_len: int = 64
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Reduce a packet dict to a stable, queryable summary. Drops the
+    full payload bytes — the recorder records summaries, not pcaps.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(packet, dict):
+        return {"raw_type": type(packet).__name__}
+    decoded = packet.get("decoded") if isinstance(packet.get("decoded"), dict) else {}
+    portnum = decoded.get("portnum") if isinstance(decoded, dict) else None
+    payload = decoded.get("payload") if isinstance(decoded, dict) else None
+    payload_hex = None
+    payload_size = None
+    if isinstance(payload, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+        b = bytes(payload)
+        payload_size = len(b)
+        payload_hex = b[:payload_hex_len].hex() if b else ""
+    elif isinstance(payload, str):
+        # Some decoded payloads (text messages) come as decoded strings.
+        payload_size = len(payload)
+        payload_hex = None  # not bytes
+    return {
+        "from_node": packet.get("fromId") or packet.get("from"),
+        "to_node": packet.get("toId") or packet.get("to"),
+        "portnum": portnum,
+        "hop_limit": packet.get("hopLimit"),
+        "want_ack": packet.get("wantAck"),
+        "rx_rssi": packet.get("rxRssi"),
+        "rx_snr": packet.get("rxSnr"),
+        "channel": packet.get("channel"),
+        "id": packet.get("id"),
+        "payload_size": payload_size,
+        "payload_hex_prefix": payload_hex,
+    }
+
+
+# -- Interface identification ------------------------------------------
+
+
+def interface_label(interface: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Stable identifier for the meshtastic interface that emitted an event.
+
+    Used as the `port`/`role` tag on every recorded row. SerialInterface
+    has `devPath`; TCPInterface has `hostname`+`portNumber`; BLEInterface
+    has `address`. Falls back to the class name when none of those exist.
+    """
+    if interface is None:
+        return {"port": None, "role": None}
+    dev_path = getattr(interface, "devPath", None)
+    if dev_path:
+        return {"port": str(dev_path), "role": "serial"}
+    hostname = getattr(interface, "hostname", None)
+    if hostname:
+        port_num = getattr(interface, "portNumber", None)
+        endpoint = f"tcp://{hostname}:{port_num}" if port_num else f"tcp://{hostname}"
+        return {"port": endpoint, "role": "tcp"}
+    address = getattr(interface, "address", None)
+    if address:
+        return {"port": str(address), "role": "ble"}
+    return {"port": type(interface).__name__, "role": None}
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+"""Process-global recorder singleton.
+
+Subscribes once to the meshtastic pubsub fan-out and writes four append-only
+JSONL streams under `mcp-server/.mtlog/`. The pubsub fan-out is
+process-global — a single subscription captures every active interface
+without per-connection bookkeeping.
+
+Files:
+  logs.jsonl      — every `meshtastic.log.line` event (best-effort prefix
+                    parsed for level/tag/uptime; raw `line` always preserved)
+  telemetry.jsonl — `meshtastic.receive.telemetry` packets, flattened by
+                    variant (device / local / environment / power / etc.)
+  packets.jsonl   — every other `meshtastic.receive.*` packet, summarized
+                    (portnum, hops, RSSI/SNR, payload size + 64-byte hex)
+  events.jsonl    — connection lifecycle, node-DB updates, and manual
+                    `mark_event` rows. Lower volume; useful for aligning
+                    timelines.
+
+Pause/resume: `pause()` flips a flag; subscriptions stay registered. The
+write methods short-circuit when paused, so we don't lose ordering when
+resumed (we just have a gap). No queueing.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import threading
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from . import parsers
+from .rotating import _RotatingJsonl
+
+_DEFAULT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3] / ".mtlog"
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Recorder:
+    """Singleton write-side of the persistent log capture system."""
+
+    def __init__(self, base_dir: Path | None = None) -> None:
+        self.base_dir = Path(base_dir) if base_dir else _DEFAULT_DIR
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._started = False
+        self._paused = False
+        self._pause_reason: str | None = None
+        self._started_at: float | None = None
+        self._handlers: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+        self._files: dict[str, _RotatingJsonl] = {}
+
+    # -- lifecycle ----------------------------------------------------
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Idempotent. Safe to call from FastMCP app startup."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._started:
+                return
+            self.base_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            self._files = {
+                "logs": _RotatingJsonl(self.base_dir / "logs.jsonl"),
+                "telemetry": _RotatingJsonl(self.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl"),
+                "packets": _RotatingJsonl(self.base_dir / "packets.jsonl"),
+                "events": _RotatingJsonl(self.base_dir / "events.jsonl"),
+            }
+            self._wire_pubsub()
+            self._started = True
+            self._started_at = time.time()
+        # Write the recorder_start marker after the initialization block.
+        # `_write_event()` re-checks recorder state via `_files_snapshot()`,
+        # so keeping this out of the setup block avoids nested lifecycle work.
+        self._write_event(kind="recorder_start", label="recorder_started")
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._started:
+                return
+            self._unwire_pubsub()
+            for f in self._files.values():
+                f.close()
+            self._files = {}
+            self._started = False
+
+    def pause(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        # Write the pause marker BEFORE flipping the flag — `_write_event`
+        # short-circuits when paused, so the order matters for this event
+        # to actually land in events.jsonl.
+        self._write_event(
+            kind="recorder_pause",
+            label="paused",
+            note=reason,
+        )
+        with self._lock:
+            self._paused = True
+            self._pause_reason = reason
+
+    def resume(self) -> None:
+        # Mirror of `pause()`: clear the flag first, then write the marker
+        # so it isn't suppressed by the still-paused short-circuit.
+        with self._lock:
+            self._paused = False
+            self._pause_reason = None
+        self._write_event(kind="recorder_resume", label="resumed")
+
+    # -- pubsub wiring ------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _wire_pubsub(self) -> None:
+        from pubsub import pub  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+
+        # Subscribers — one per topic. Each pubsub publisher sends
+        # keyword args matching its handler's signature; pubsub
+        # introspects the function signature to route args.
+        bindings = [
+            ("meshtastic.log.line", self._on_log_line),
+            ("meshtastic.serial.line", self._on_serial_line),
+            ("meshtastic.receive", self._on_receive),
+            ("meshtastic.receive.telemetry", self._on_telemetry),
+            ("meshtastic.connection.established", self._on_connection_established),
+            ("meshtastic.connection.lost", self._on_connection_lost),
+            ("meshtastic.node.updated", self._on_node_updated),
+        ]
+        for topic, handler in bindings:
+            try:
+                pub.subscribe(handler, topic)
+                self._handlers.append((topic, handler))
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # If pubsub refuses one binding (signature mismatch on
+                # an old lib version), log it and keep the rest.
+                log.warning("Recorder failed to subscribe to %s: %s", topic, exc)
+
+    def _unwire_pubsub(self) -> None:
+        from pubsub import pub  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+
+        for topic, handler in self._handlers:
+            try:
+                pub.unsubscribe(handler, topic)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self._handlers.clear()
+
+    # -- handlers -----------------------------------------------------
+    #
+    # Pubsub callbacks must never raise. Every handler is wrapped in a
+    # try/except that swallows so a bug here can't take down the
+    # SerialInterface receive thread.
+    #
+    # Threading: handlers fire on whatever thread the meshtastic library
+    # dispatches from (varies by interface), while `stop()` clears
+    # `self._files` under `self._lock`. We snapshot `_files` under the
+    # lock at the top of each handler so a concurrent stop can't
+    # KeyError us mid-write. The actual file write goes through
+    # `_RotatingJsonl` which has its own lock.
+
+    def _files_snapshot(self) -> dict[str, _RotatingJsonl] | None:
+        """Atomic-ish view of `self._files`. Returns None when the recorder
+        is paused or stopped, so handlers can early-exit cleanly without
+        racing `stop()`'s clear."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._started or self._paused:
+                return None
+            return dict(self._files)
+
+    def _on_log_line(self, line: str, interface: Any = None) -> None:
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            tags = parsers.interface_label(interface)
+            parsed = parsers.parse_log_line(str(line))
+            ts = time.time()
+            record: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "ts": ts,
+                "port": tags["port"],
+                "role": tags["role"],
+                "level": parsed.get("level"),
+                "tag": parsed.get("tag"),
+                "uptime_s": parsed.get("uptime_s"),
+                "line": parsed["line"],
+            }
+            # DEBUG_HEAP enrichments (only present when the firmware
+            # was built with -DDEBUG_HEAP=1). Surface as first-class
+            # fields so logs_window can grep/filter on them and so
+            # heap_free synthesizes a telemetry point below.
+            if "heap_free" in parsed:
+                record["heap_free"] = parsed["heap_free"]
+            if "heap_total" in parsed:
+                record["heap_total"] = parsed["heap_total"]
+            if "heap_delta" in parsed:
+                record["heap_delta"] = parsed["heap_delta"]
+            heap_event = parsed.get("heap_event")
+            if heap_event:
+                record["heap_event"] = heap_event
+            files["logs"].write(record)
+
+            # If the line carried a heap snapshot, also write it as a
+            # synthesized LocalStats-shaped row so telemetry_timeline
+            # picks it up at log cadence (much higher resolution than
+            # the ~60 s LocalStats packet). Tagged source=debug_heap so
+            # consumers can filter if mixing scales is unwanted.
+            heap_free = parsed.get("heap_free")
+            if isinstance(heap_free, int):
+                fields: dict[str, Any] = {"heap_free_bytes": heap_free}
+                heap_total = parsed.get("heap_total")
+                if isinstance(heap_total, int):
+                    fields["heap_total_bytes"] = heap_total
+                files["telemetry"].write(
+                    {
+                        "ts": ts,
+                        "port": tags["port"],
+                        "role": tags["role"],
+                        "from_node": None,
+                        "variant": "local",
+                        "fields": fields,
+                        "source": "debug_heap",
+                    }
+                )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _on_serial_line(self, line: str, port: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Text-mode passive tap. Fired from `serial_session._drain` when a
+        `pio device monitor` subprocess is running.
+
+        Same parse + heap-synthesis path as `_on_log_line`, but receives
+        the raw text-formatted line (full level/clock/uptime/thread/`[heap N]`/
+        body). On DEBUG_HEAP builds in text mode this gives us per-log-line
+        heap data — far higher cadence than LocalStats, and works without
+        protobuf API mode (no SerialInterface required).
+        """
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            parsed = parsers.parse_log_line(str(line))
+            ts = time.time()
+            record: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "ts": ts,
+                "port": port,
+                "role": "serial_session",
+                "level": parsed.get("level"),
+                "tag": parsed.get("tag"),
+                "uptime_s": parsed.get("uptime_s"),
+                "line": parsed["line"],
+            }
+            if "heap_free" in parsed:
+                record["heap_free"] = parsed["heap_free"]
+            if "heap_total" in parsed:
+                record["heap_total"] = parsed["heap_total"]
+            if "heap_delta" in parsed:
+                record["heap_delta"] = parsed["heap_delta"]
+            heap_event = parsed.get("heap_event")
+            if heap_event:
+                record["heap_event"] = heap_event
+            files["logs"].write(record)
+
+            # Synthesize a heap_free telemetry sample whenever the line
+            # carries one — same logic as _on_log_line, tagged source so
+            # consumers can distinguish text-mode tap from protobuf path.
+            heap_free = parsed.get("heap_free")
+            if isinstance(heap_free, int):
+                fields: dict[str, Any] = {"heap_free_bytes": heap_free}
+                heap_total = parsed.get("heap_total")
+                if isinstance(heap_total, int):
+                    fields["heap_total_bytes"] = heap_total
+                files["telemetry"].write(
+                    {
+                        "ts": ts,
+                        "port": port,
+                        "role": "serial_session",
+                        "from_node": None,
+                        "variant": "local",
+                        "fields": fields,
+                        "source": "debug_heap_serial",
+                    }
+                )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _on_telemetry(self, packet: dict[str, Any], interface: Any = None) -> None:
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            tags = parsers.interface_label(interface)
+            extracted = parsers.extract_telemetry(packet)
+            if extracted is None:
+                # Couldn't extract a known variant — fall through to the
+                # generic `_on_receive` path, which will still fire for
+                # this packet via the parent topic.
+                return
+            record = {
+                "ts": time.time(),
+                "port": tags["port"],
+                "role": tags["role"],
+                "from_node": packet.get("fromId") or packet.get("from"),
+                "variant": extracted["variant"],
+                "fields": extracted["fields"],
+                "device_time": extracted.get("time"),
+            }
+            files["telemetry"].write(record)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _on_receive(self, packet: dict[str, Any], interface: Any = None) -> None:
+        # Generic-receive fires for EVERY packet. Telemetry packets get
+        # recorded twice (here and in _on_telemetry) — that's intentional:
+        # packets.jsonl is the universal record, telemetry.jsonl is the
+        # structured timeseries view.
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            tags = parsers.interface_label(interface)
+            summary = parsers.summarize_packet(packet)
+            record = {
+                "ts": time.time(),
+                "port": tags["port"],
+                "role": tags["role"],
+                **summary,
+            }
+            files["packets"].write(record)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _on_connection_established(self, interface: Any = None) -> None:
+        self._write_event(
+            kind="connection_established",
+            interface=interface,
+        )
+
+    def _on_connection_lost(self, interface: Any = None) -> None:
+        self._write_event(
+            kind="connection_lost",
+            interface=interface,
+        )
+
+    def _on_node_updated(
+        self, node: dict[str, Any] | None = None, interface: Any = None
+    ) -> None:
+        # Lower-volume than packets but informative — node ID, hops away,
+        # last heard. Skip the user dict if absent.
+        try:
+            user = (node or {}).get("user") if isinstance(node, dict) else None
+            self._write_event(
+                kind="node_updated",
+                interface=interface,
+                data={
+                    "num": (node or {}).get("num"),
+                    "id": (user or {}).get("id"),
+                    "short": (user or {}).get("shortName"),
+                    "long": (user or {}).get("longName"),
+                    "hops_away": (node or {}).get("hopsAway"),
+                    "snr": (node or {}).get("snr"),
+                    "last_heard": (node or {}).get("lastHeard"),
+                },
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    # -- public write helpers -----------------------------------------
+
+    def mark_event(
+        self,
+        label: str,
+        note: str | None = None,
+        data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """User-facing marker. Writes to events.jsonl AND emits a
+        synthetic logs.jsonl row tagged level=MARK so timelines align.
+        """
+        ts = self._write_event(kind="mark", label=label, note=note, data=data)
+        # Mirror into logs so a single logs_window grep finds it.
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is not None:
+            try:
+                files["logs"].write(
+                    {
+                        "ts": ts,
+                        "port": None,
+                        "role": "marker",
+                        "level": "MARK",
+                        "tag": "mark_event",
+                        "line": f"[mark] {label}" + (f" — {note}" if note else ""),
+                    }
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        return {"ts": ts, "label": label}
+
+    def _write_event(
+        self,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+        label: str | None = None,
+        note: str | None = None,
+        interface: Any = None,
+        data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> float:
+        ts = time.time()
+        # Lifecycle markers (recorder_start, recorder_pause, recorder_resume)
+        # arrive at choreographed moments — `pause()` writes BEFORE flipping
+        # the flag and `resume()` writes AFTER clearing it, so those calls
+        # see _paused=False here. Other event kinds short-circuit when
+        # paused via the snapshot guard below.
+        files = self._files_snapshot()
+        if files is None:
+            return ts
+        try:
+            tags = parsers.interface_label(interface)
+            files["events"].write(
+                {
+                    "ts": ts,
+                    "kind": kind,
+                    "label": label,
+                    "note": note,
+                    "port": tags["port"],
+                    "role": tags["role"],
+                    "data": data,
+                }
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return ts
+
+    # -- introspection ------------------------------------------------
+
+    def status(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        with self._lock:
+            return {
+                "running": self._started,
+                "paused": self._paused,
+                "pause_reason": self._pause_reason,
+                "started_at": self._started_at,
+                "base_dir": str(self.base_dir),
+                "files": {name: f.status() for name, f in self._files.items()},
+            }
+
+    def force_rotate_all(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Test/admin hook: rotate every stream right now."""
+        with self._lock:
+            files = list(self._files.values())
+        for f in files:
+            f.force_rotate()
+        # `status()` re-acquires `self._lock`; release before calling it.
+        return self.status()
+
+
+# -- module-level singleton accessor ------------------------------------
+
+_INSTANCE_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+_INSTANCE: Recorder | None = None
+
+
+def get_recorder() -> Recorder:
+    """Return the process-global Recorder. Created on first call.
+
+    Honors `MESHTASTIC_MCP_LOG_DIR` env var for the base directory
+    (used by tests to redirect to a tmpdir).
+    """
+    global _INSTANCE
+    with _INSTANCE_LOCK:
+        if _INSTANCE is None:
+            override = os.environ.get("MESHTASTIC_MCP_LOG_DIR")
+            base = Path(override) if override else None
+            _INSTANCE = Recorder(base_dir=base)
+        return _INSTANCE
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+"""Append-only JSONL writer with size-capped rotation.
+
+A `_RotatingJsonl` owns one live `.jsonl` file. Writes are line-delimited
+JSON objects (one row per call). When the live file exceeds `max_bytes`,
+it is closed, gzipped to `<name>.YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-uuuuuu-NNNNN.jsonl.gz`,
+and the live file resets to empty. Old archives past `keep_archives` are
+unlinked oldest-first.
+
+Size check is amortized — `os.fstat` runs every `check_every` writes,
+not per-write, so the hot path stays at one `fh.write` + one `fh.flush`.
+
+Threading: every public method acquires `self._lock`. The recorder runs
+several pubsub handlers on whatever thread the meshtastic library
+dispatches from (varies by interface), and queries from MCP tool calls
+arrive on the FastMCP request thread, so this lock is not optional.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gzip
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+import threading
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class _RotatingJsonl:
+    """Append-only JSONL with size rotation. Thread-safe."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: Path,
+        *,
+        max_bytes: int = 100 * 1024 * 1024,
+        keep_archives: int = 5,
+        check_every: int = 1000,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.max_bytes = max_bytes
+        self.keep_archives = keep_archives
+        self.check_every = check_every
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._fh: Any = None
+        self._writes_since_check = 0
+        self._rotations = 0
+        self._lines_written = 0
+        self._last_ts: float | None = None
+        self._open()
+
+    # -- lifecycle ----------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _open(self) -> None:
+        self.path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self._fh = self.path.open("a", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._fh is not None:
+                try:
+                    self._fh.close()
+                finally:
+                    self._fh = None
+
+    # -- write --------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def write(self, record: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Append one JSON object as a line. Triggers rotation if oversized."""
+        line = json.dumps(record, separators=(",", ":"), default=str) + "\n"
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._fh is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                self._fh.write(line)
+                self._fh.flush()
+            except Exception:
+                # Best-effort: a failed write must not crash the pubsub
+                # handler. Caller has no way to react anyway.
+                return
+            self._lines_written += 1
+            ts = record.get("ts")
+            if isinstance(ts, (int, float)):
+                self._last_ts = float(ts)
+            self._writes_since_check += 1
+            if self._writes_since_check >= self.check_every:
+                self._writes_since_check = 0
+                self._maybe_rotate()
+
+    # -- rotation -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _maybe_rotate(self) -> None:
+        # Caller holds self._lock.
+        try:
+            size = os.fstat(self._fh.fileno()).st_size
+        except OSError:
+            return
+        if size < self.max_bytes:
+            return
+        self._rotate_locked()
+
+    def _rotate_locked(self) -> None:
+        # Close, gzip-rename, reopen empty, prune oldest archives.
+        try:
+            self._fh.close()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        self._fh = None
+        # Microsecond-resolution timestamp + per-instance counter so back-
+        # to-back rotations (small max_bytes, repeated `force_rotate()`,
+        # or chatty test loops) get unique archive filenames. The lex
+        # sort order of `YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-uuuuuu-NNNNN` is chronological,
+        # which `_prune_archives()` and `log_query._iter_jsonl()` both
+        # rely on.
+        stamp = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-%f")
+        archive = self.path.with_suffix(f".{stamp}-{self._rotations:05d}.jsonl.gz")
+        try:
+            with self.path.open("rb") as src, gzip.open(archive, "wb") as dst:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst, length=1024 * 1024)
+            self.path.unlink()
+        except Exception:
+            # Rotation is best-effort. If gzip fails, leave the file
+            # in place and re-open it; we'll try again next check.
+            pass
+        self._open()
+        self._rotations += 1
+        self._prune_archives()
+
+    def _prune_archives(self) -> None:
+        # Match siblings of self.path.name with `.jsonl.gz` suffix.
+        prefix = self.path.stem  # "logs" for "logs.jsonl"
+        # Archive filenames are already lexicographically chronological.
+        # Prune by name, not mtime, so copied/restored files don't reorder.
+        archives = sorted(self.path.parent.glob(f"{prefix}.*.jsonl.gz"))
+        excess = len(archives) - self.keep_archives
+        for old in archives[: max(0, excess)]:
+            try:
+                old.unlink()
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    def force_rotate(self) -> None:
+        """Test/admin hook: rotate immediately regardless of size."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._fh is not None:
+                self._rotate_locked()
+
+    # -- introspection ------------------------------------------------
+
+    def status(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        with self._lock:
+            try:
+                size = os.fstat(self._fh.fileno()).st_size if self._fh else 0
+            except OSError:
+                size = 0
+            return {
+                "path": str(self.path),
+                "size": size,
+                "lines": self._lines_written,
+                "last_ts": self._last_ts,
+                "rotations": self._rotations,
+            }
@@ -46,7 +46,23 @@ class SerialSession:


 def _drain(session: SerialSession) -> None:
-    """Reader thread: line-by-line pull stdout into buffer."""
+    """Reader thread: line-by-line pull stdout into buffer.
+
+    Each line is also published to the `meshtastic.serial.line` pubsub
+    topic so the persistent recorder can capture it without holding its
+    own port. This is the text-mode tap path: when no SerialInterface is
+    open, the firmware emits full formatted lines (level + clock + uptime
+    + thread + `[heap N]` prefix on DEBUG_HEAP builds + body), and we
+    fan them out to whoever is listening. Pubsub is best-effort —
+    publish failures must never block the reader.
+    """
+    # Lazy import: pubsub isn't required just to import this module
+    # (e.g., during static analysis), and we want a clean test surface.
+    try:
+        from pubsub import pub  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive
+        pub = None
+
    assert session.proc.stdout is not None
    try:
        for line in session.proc.stdout:
@@ -54,6 +70,16 @@ def _drain(session: SerialSession) -> None:
            with session.lock:
                session.buffer.append(line_stripped)
                session.total_lines += 1
+            if pub is not None:
+                try:
+                    pub.sendMessage(
+                        "meshtastic.serial.line",
+                        line=line_stripped,
+                        port=session.port,
+                    )
+                except Exception:
+                    # A subscriber raising must not break the reader.
+                    pass
    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive
        pass
    finally:
@@ -71,6 +97,10 @@ def open_session(
    If `env` is supplied, pio resolves baud and filters from platformio.ini.
    Otherwise uses the supplied `baud` and `filters` (default `['direct']`).
    """
+    # Lazy import to avoid circular: registry imports serial_session.
+    from . import connection
+
+    connection.reject_if_tcp(port, "serial_open")
    args = ["device", "monitor", "--port", port, "--no-reconnect"]
    effective_filters: list[str]
    effective_baud: int = baud
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ etc.). Business logic does not live here.

 from __future__ import annotations

+import logging
 from typing import Any

 from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
@@ -14,17 +15,38 @@ from . import (
    admin,
    boards,
    devices,
+    fixtures,
    flash,
    hw_tools,
    info,
+    log_query,
    registry,
    serial_session,
 )
 from . import userprefs as userprefs_mod
+from .recorder import get_recorder
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 app = FastMCP("meshtastic-mcp")


+def _start_recorder() -> None:
+    # Persistent device-log capture. Starts on first import — pubsub fan-out
+    # is process-global, so subscribing here captures every active interface
+    # (whether opened by an MCP tool, a pytest fixture, or a serial_session).
+    # Files land in mcp-server/.mtlog/ (gitignored). See recorder/recorder.py
+    # for the full design. Recorder startup is best-effort: an unwritable
+    # log dir or pubsub mismatch should not take the MCP server down.
+    try:
+        get_recorder().start()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        log.warning("Failed to start persistent recorder: %s", exc)
+
+
+_start_recorder()
+
+
 # ---------- Discovery & metadata ------------------------------------------


@@ -75,6 +97,7 @@ def build(
    env: str,
    with_manifest: bool = True,
    userprefs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    build_flags: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Build firmware for one env via `pio run -e <env>`.

@@ -86,8 +109,21 @@ def build(
    build via userPrefs.jsonc injection. The file is restored after the build
    completes. Use `userprefs_manifest` to discover available keys. Use
    `userprefs_set` for persistent changes.
+
+    `build_flags` (optional): dict of `-D<NAME>=<VALUE>` macros for this build
+    only, injected via `PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS`. Common pattern:
+    `build_flags={"DEBUG_HEAP": 1}` enables per-thread leak detection + a
+    `[heap N]` prefix on every log line. The recorder picks the prefix up
+    automatically and synthesizes a high-resolution heap timeline that
+    `telemetry_timeline(field="free_heap")` can read alongside the normal
+    ~60 s LocalStats packets. Pair with `/leakhunt` for classification.
    """
-    return flash.build(env, with_manifest=with_manifest, userprefs_overrides=userprefs)
+    return flash.build(
+        env,
+        with_manifest=with_manifest,
+        userprefs_overrides=userprefs,
+        build_flags=build_flags,
+    )


@app.tool()
@@ -105,6 +141,7 @@ def pio_flash(
    port: str,
    confirm: bool = False,
    userprefs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    build_flags: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Flash firmware via `pio run -e <env> -t upload --upload-port <port>`.

@@ -114,8 +151,19 @@ def pio_flash(

    `userprefs` (optional): dict of `USERPREFS_<KEY>: value` baked into this
    build via userPrefs.jsonc injection; restored after upload.
+
+    `build_flags` (optional): dict of `-D<NAME>=<VALUE>` macros for the
+    rebuild-before-upload, e.g. `{"DEBUG_HEAP": 1}`. Required for the flags
+    to actually land in the uploaded firmware — without it, the implicit
+    rebuild relinks without the env var and silently drops them.
    """
-    return flash.flash(env, port, confirm=confirm, userprefs_overrides=userprefs)
+    return flash.flash(
+        env,
+        port,
+        confirm=confirm,
+        userprefs_overrides=userprefs,
+        build_flags=build_flags,
+    )


@app.tool()
@@ -734,3 +782,227 @@ def picotool_load(uf2_path: str, confirm: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]:
 def picotool_raw(args: list[str], confirm: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Pass-through to `picotool`. load/reboot/save/erase require confirm=True."""
    return hw_tools.picotool_raw(args, confirm=confirm)
+
+
+# ---------- Persistent device-log capture (recorder) ----------------------
+#
+# The recorder is autouse — it starts at server import and continuously
+# writes every meshtastic pubsub event to JSONL files under .mtlog/. These
+# tools are query-only over those files, plus a few lifecycle controls.
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def logs_window(
+    start: str = "-15m",
+    end: str = "now",
+    grep: str | None = None,
+    level: str | None = None,
+    tag: str | None = None,
+    port: str | None = None,
+    max_lines: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Recent firmware log lines from the persistent recorder.
+
+    Filters by time window, regex over the line, level (single or
+    pipe-separated set like "WARN|ERROR|CRIT"), thread-name tag, and
+    interface port. Returns up to max_lines most-recent matches.
+
+    Time strings: "-15m", "-2h", "-3d", "now", or ISO 8601.
+
+    Note: lines arriving via the LogRecord protobuf path (when
+    set_debug_log_api(True) is on) come without level prefix — the
+    meshtastic Python lib drops record.level before fan-out. For those,
+    `level` filter won't match; use `grep` instead.
+    """
+    return log_query.logs_window(
+        start=start,
+        end=end,
+        grep=grep,
+        level=level,
+        tag=tag,
+        port=port,
+        max_lines=max_lines,
+    )
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def telemetry_timeline(
+    window: str = "1h",
+    variant: str = "local",
+    field: str = "free_heap",
+    port: str | None = None,
+    max_points: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Time series of one telemetry field, downsampled to <= max_points.
+
+    `variant` ∈ device, local, environment, power, airQuality, health, host.
+    `field` accepts snake_case or camelCase; common aliases (free_heap ↔
+    heap_free_bytes) are normalized.
+
+    Returns slope_per_min (linear-regression slope, units/minute) so a
+    leak detector can read one number — negative slope on free_heap over
+    a long window indicates a real leak.
+
+    LocalStats variant ("local") cadence is ~60 s (whatever the device's
+    `device_update_interval` is set to), so a 1 h window gives ~60 raw
+    points. Bucket-mean downsampling preserves shape.
+    """
+    return log_query.telemetry_timeline(
+        window=window,
+        variant=variant,
+        field=field,
+        port=port,
+        max_points=max_points,
+    )
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def packets_window(
+    start: str = "-5m",
+    end: str = "now",
+    portnum: str | None = None,
+    from_node: str | None = None,
+    to_node: str | None = None,
+    max: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Recent mesh packets recorded by the recorder.
+
+    Each row is a summary (portnum, from/to, hop_limit, RSSI/SNR, payload
+    size + first 64 bytes hex) — full payload bytes are not stored.
+    `portnum` accepts a pipe-separated set like "TEXT_MESSAGE_APP|POSITION_APP".
+    """
+    return log_query.packets_window(
+        start=start,
+        end=end,
+        portnum=portnum,
+        from_node=from_node,
+        to_node=to_node,
+        max=max,
+    )
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def events_window(
+    start: str = "-1h",
+    end: str = "now",
+    kind: str | None = None,
+    max: int = 200,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return recorder events: connection lifecycle, node updates, and `mark_event` markers.
+
+    `kind` ∈ recorder_start, recorder_pause, recorder_resume,
+    connection_established, connection_lost, node_updated, mark.
+    Pipe-separated sets ("connection_lost|connection_established") work.
+    """
+    return log_query.events_window(start=start, end=end, kind=kind, max=max)
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def mark_event(
+    label: str,
+    note: str | None = None,
+    data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Drop a named marker into events.jsonl AND logs.jsonl.
+
+    Useful for aligning a timeline around a known stimulus: call before
+    and after a stress workload, then query telemetry_timeline /
+    logs_window with the markers' timestamps as bounds.
+
+    The marker also lands in logs.jsonl with level=MARK so a single
+    grep over logs picks it up.
+    """
+    return get_recorder().mark_event(label=label, note=note, data=data)
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def recorder_status() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return recorder runtime info: running, paused, file sizes, last_ts per stream.
+
+    Use this to sanity-check that capture is working before you trust a
+    `logs_window` / `telemetry_timeline` result.
+    """
+    return get_recorder().status()
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def recorder_pause(reason: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Pause writes to all four streams. Pubsub subscriptions stay active —
+    we just drop events on the floor while paused. Resume with `recorder_resume`.
+
+    Use when capturing a known-good baseline that you don't want to
+    pollute with pre-test noise. Default state is recording; this is
+    rarely needed.
+    """
+    get_recorder().pause(reason=reason)
+    return {"ok": True, "paused": True, "reason": reason}
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def recorder_resume() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Resume writes after `recorder_pause`. No-op if already running."""
+    get_recorder().resume()
+    return {"ok": True, "paused": False}
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def recorder_export(
+    start: str,
+    end: str,
+    dest_dir: str,
+    streams: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Bundle a slice of the recorder's streams into `dest_dir`.
+
+    Writes one uncompressed JSONL per requested stream (logs / telemetry /
+    packets / events). Useful for: attaching to a bug report, feeding a
+    notebook, or backfilling Datadog after the fact.
+    """
+    return log_query.export(
+        start=start,
+        end=end,
+        dest_dir=dest_dir,
+        streams=streams,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------- Fixture / test-data push --------------------------------------
+
+
+@app.tool()
+def push_fake_nodedb(
+    size: int,
+    target: str = "portduino",
+    port: str | None = None,
+    portduino_config: str = "default",
+    backup_existing: bool = True,
+    confirm: bool = False,
+    reboot_after: bool = True,
+    custom_seed_jsonl: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Push a fake-NodeDB v25 fixture (250/500/1000/2000 nodes) onto a device.
+
+    Two transports:
+      target="portduino" — file copy to ~/.portduino/<portduino_config>/prefs/nodes.proto.
+                            Fast, no device connection needed.
+      target="hardware"  — XModem upload over serial/BLE to /prefs/nodes.proto.
+                            Requires `port` + `confirm=True`. Triggers a reboot
+                            so loadFromDisk picks up the new file at next boot.
+
+    Compiles a fresh-timestamp proto from the committed JSONL seed under
+    test/fixtures/nodedb/seed_v25_<N>.jsonl each invocation, so the loaded
+    NodeDB always looks "recent" to the connecting phone. Structural data
+    (names, IDs, positions, telemetries) is deterministic per the seed.
+
+    Override the JSONL via `custom_seed_jsonl` to push a hand-edited scenario.
+    """
+    return fixtures.push_fake_nodedb(
+        size=size,
+        target=target,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        port=port,
+        portduino_config=portduino_config,
+        backup_existing=backup_existing,
+        confirm=confirm,
+        reboot_after=reboot_after,
+        custom_seed_jsonl=custom_seed_jsonl,
+    )
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Unit tests for the `build_flags` injection on `flash.build()`.
+
+We don't actually run pio here — too slow, requires hardware-aware envs.
+We test the translation layer (`_build_flags_env`) and that the env vars
+are threaded through pio.run correctly via mock.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from meshtastic_mcp import flash, pio
+
+
+class TestBuildFlagsEnv:
+    def test_simple_value(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"DEBUG_HEAP": 1})
+        assert out == {"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": "-DDEBUG_HEAP=1"}
+
+    def test_string_value(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"FOO": "bar"})
+        assert out == {"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": "-DFOO=bar"}
+
+    def test_bool_true_is_bare_flag(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"DEBUG_HEAP": True})
+        assert out == {"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": "-DDEBUG_HEAP"}
+
+    def test_bool_false_dropped(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"DEBUG_HEAP": False, "OTHER": 1})
+        assert out == {"PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": "-DOTHER=1"}
+
+    def test_none_dropped(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"DEBUG_HEAP": None})
+        assert out == {}
+
+    def test_multiple_combined(self) -> None:
+        out = flash._build_flags_env({"DEBUG_HEAP": 1, "FOO": "x", "BAR": True})
+        # Order isn't guaranteed in dict iteration, so check membership.
+        flags = out["PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS"].split()
+        assert set(flags) == {"-DDEBUG_HEAP=1", "-DFOO=x", "-DBAR"}
+
+
+class TestBuildPropagatesFlags:
+    def test_extra_env_passed_to_pio_run(self) -> None:
+        # Mock pio.run so we don't actually invoke pio. Capture extra_env.
+        captured = {}
+
+        class _StubResult:
+            returncode = 0
+            stdout = ""
+            stderr = ""
+            duration_s = 0.1
+
+        def _stub(args, **kwargs):
+            captured["args"] = args
+            captured["kwargs"] = kwargs
+            return _StubResult()
+
+        with patch.object(pio, "run", side_effect=_stub):
+            with patch.object(flash, "_artifacts_for", return_value=[]):
+                out = flash.build(
+                    "fake-env",
+                    with_manifest=False,
+                    build_flags={"DEBUG_HEAP": 1},
+                )
+        assert captured["args"] == ["run", "-e", "fake-env"]
+        assert captured["kwargs"]["extra_env"] == {
+            "PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS": "-DDEBUG_HEAP=1"
+        }
+        assert out["build_flags"] == {"DEBUG_HEAP": 1}
+
+    def test_no_flags_means_no_extra_env(self) -> None:
+        captured = {}
+
+        class _StubResult:
+            returncode = 0
+            stdout = ""
+            stderr = ""
+            duration_s = 0.1
+
+        def _stub(args, **kwargs):
+            captured["kwargs"] = kwargs
+            return _StubResult()
+
+        with patch.object(pio, "run", side_effect=_stub):
+            with patch.object(flash, "_artifacts_for", return_value=[]):
+                flash.build("fake-env", with_manifest=False)
+        assert captured["kwargs"]["extra_env"] is None
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+"""TCP transport plumbing in connection.py + devices.py.
+
+Pure-Python tests — no real device or daemon required. Mocks `TCPInterface`
+when exercising `connect()`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from meshtastic_mcp import connection, devices
+
+# ---------- helpers --------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestIsTcpPort:
+    def test_tcp_scheme(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("tcp://localhost") is True
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("tcp://localhost:4403") is True
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("tcp://192.168.1.50:9999") is True
+
+    def test_serial_paths(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("/dev/cu.usbmodem1234") is False
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("/dev/ttyUSB0") is False
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("COM3") is False
+
+    def test_empty_or_none(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port(None) is False
+        assert connection.is_tcp_port("") is False
+
+
+class TestParseTcpPort:
+    def test_default_port(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.parse_tcp_port("tcp://localhost") == ("localhost", 4403)
+
+    def test_explicit_port(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.parse_tcp_port("tcp://localhost:9999") == (
+            "localhost",
+            9999,
+        )
+
+    def test_ip_with_port(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.parse_tcp_port("tcp://192.168.1.50:4403") == (
+            "192.168.1.50",
+            4403,
+        )
+
+
+class TestNormalizeTcpEndpoint:
+    def test_bare_host(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("localhost") == "tcp://localhost:4403"
+
+    def test_host_port(self) -> None:
+        assert (
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("localhost:5000")
+            == "tcp://localhost:5000"
+        )
+
+    def test_full_url(self) -> None:
+        assert (
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://1.2.3.4") == "tcp://1.2.3.4:4403"
+        )
+        assert (
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://1.2.3.4:9999")
+            == "tcp://1.2.3.4:9999"
+        )
+
+    def test_idempotent(self) -> None:
+        once = connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("localhost:4403")
+        twice = connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint(once)
+        assert once == twice == "tcp://localhost:4403"
+
+    def test_path_like_endpoint_rejected(self) -> None:
+        # Serial port paths and Windows drive paths are common config typos
+        # (someone passes a serial path to MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST). Reject
+        # rather than producing a nonsense `tcp:///dev/cu.foo:4403` URL.
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="path separator"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("/dev/cu.foo")
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp:///dev/cu.foo:4403")
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint(r"C:\Windows\System32")
+
+    def test_non_integer_port_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="not an integer"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://host:notaport")
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="not an integer"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("host:notaport")
+
+    def test_empty_host_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="empty host"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://:4403")
+
+    def test_port_out_of_range_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="out of range"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://host:0")
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="out of range"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("tcp://host:65536")
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="out of range"):
+            connection.normalize_tcp_endpoint("host:99999")
+
+
+class TestParseTcpPortValidation:
+    def test_missing_scheme_rejected(self) -> None:
+        # parse_tcp_port is a low-level helper that requires the scheme.
+        # Misuse should fail loudly rather than silently mis-parsing.
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="expected"):
+            connection.parse_tcp_port("localhost:4403")
+
+    def test_negative_port_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="out of range"):
+            connection.parse_tcp_port("tcp://host:-1")
+
+
+# ---------- reject_if_tcp --------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRejectIfTcp:
+    def test_rejects_tcp(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="not applicable"):
+            connection.reject_if_tcp("tcp://localhost", "esptool_chip_info")
+
+    def test_passes_through_serial(self) -> None:
+        connection.reject_if_tcp("/dev/cu.usbmodem1", "esptool_chip_info")  # no raise
+
+    def test_passes_through_none(self) -> None:
+        # None means "auto-detect"; not the explicit-arg case we guard.
+        connection.reject_if_tcp(None, "esptool_chip_info")  # no raise
+
+
+# ---------- resolve_port ---------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestResolvePort:
+    def test_explicit_serial_passthrough(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.resolve_port("/dev/cu.usbmodem999") == "/dev/cu.usbmodem999"
+
+    def test_explicit_tcp_normalized(self) -> None:
+        assert connection.resolve_port("tcp://localhost") == "tcp://localhost:4403"
+
+    def test_no_port_no_devices_errors(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+        with patch.object(devices, "list_devices", return_value=[]):
+            with pytest.raises(
+                connection.ConnectionError, match="No Meshtastic devices"
+            ):
+                connection.resolve_port(None)
+
+    def test_no_port_one_candidate_selected(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+        fake = [{"port": "/dev/cu.usbmodem1", "likely_meshtastic": True}]
+        with patch.object(devices, "list_devices", return_value=fake):
+            assert connection.resolve_port(None) == "/dev/cu.usbmodem1"
+
+    def test_no_port_multiple_candidates_errors(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+        fake = [
+            {"port": "/dev/cu.usbmodem1", "likely_meshtastic": True},
+            {"port": "/dev/cu.usbmodem2", "likely_meshtastic": True},
+        ]
+        with patch.object(devices, "list_devices", return_value=fake):
+            with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="Multiple"):
+                connection.resolve_port(None)
+
+    def test_env_var_surfaces_tcp_via_devices(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "localhost")
+        # Don't patch list_devices — let the real env-var path run, but stub
+        # the USB enumeration to keep the test hermetic.
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            assert connection.resolve_port(None) == "tcp://localhost:4403"
+
+
+# ---------- devices.list_devices TCP entry --------------------------------
+
+
+class TestDevicesTcpEntry:
+    def test_no_env_var_no_tcp_entry(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            ds = devices.list_devices()
+        assert all(not d["port"].startswith("tcp://") for d in ds)
+
+    def test_env_var_adds_tcp_entry(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "myhost:9999")
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            ds = devices.list_devices()
+        tcp = [d for d in ds if d["port"].startswith("tcp://")]
+        assert len(tcp) == 1
+        assert tcp[0]["port"] == "tcp://myhost:9999"
+        assert tcp[0]["likely_meshtastic"] is True
+        assert tcp[0]["description"] == "meshtasticd (TCP)"
+
+    def test_tcp_entry_first_in_results(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "localhost")
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            ds = devices.list_devices()
+        assert ds, "expected at least the TCP entry"
+        assert ds[0]["port"].startswith("tcp://")
+
+    def test_invalid_env_var_does_not_break_list_devices(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        # `list_devices` is the diagnostic tool reached for when an env var
+        # isn't working — it must not throw on misconfiguration.
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "host:notaport")
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            ds = devices.list_devices(include_unknown=True)
+        tcp = [d for d in ds if "TCP" in (d["description"] or "")]
+        assert len(tcp) == 1
+        assert tcp[0]["likely_meshtastic"] is False
+        assert "invalid MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST" in tcp[0]["description"]
+        assert "not an integer" in tcp[0]["description"]
+
+    def test_invalid_env_var_excluded_from_resolve_port_autodetect(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        # `likely_meshtastic=False` keeps the bad TCP entry out of the
+        # auto-select path — `resolve_port(None)` should still report
+        # "no Meshtastic devices" rather than picking a broken endpoint.
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "host:notaport")
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            with pytest.raises(connection.ConnectionError, match="No Meshtastic"):
+                connection.resolve_port(None)
+
+    def test_invalid_env_var_does_not_double_tcp_scheme(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        # If a user mistakenly sets `MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST=tcp://host:bad`,
+        # the diagnostic entry must surface the raw value as-is rather than
+        # producing `tcp://tcp://host:bad`.
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "tcp://host:notaport")
+        with patch("meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[]):
+            ds = devices.list_devices(include_unknown=True)
+        tcp = [d for d in ds if "TCP" in (d["description"] or "")]
+        assert len(tcp) == 1
+        assert tcp[0]["port"] == "tcp://host:notaport"
+        assert "tcp://tcp://" not in tcp[0]["port"]
+
+    def test_invalid_env_var_does_not_pre_empt_real_usb_devices(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        # Sort ordering: a misconfigured TCP env var must NOT take position 0
+        # ahead of real USB candidates. Position 0 is reserved for the highest
+        # rank (likely_meshtastic=True), with TCP-before-USB as a tiebreaker
+        # within rank.
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "host:notaport")
+
+        # Stub a USB Meshtastic candidate (Espressif VID, port present in
+        # findPorts).
+        class FakeInfo:
+            def __init__(self, device: str, vid: int, pid: int) -> None:
+                self.device = device
+                self.vid = vid
+                self.pid = pid
+                self.description = "Heltec V3"
+                self.manufacturer = "Espressif"
+                self.product = "USB JTAG/serial"
+                self.serial_number = "abc"
+
+        fake_port = FakeInfo("/dev/cu.usbmodem4201", 0x303A, 0x1001)
+        with patch(
+            "meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[fake_port]
+        ), patch(
+            "meshtastic.util.findPorts",
+            return_value=["/dev/cu.usbmodem4201"],
+        ):
+            ds = devices.list_devices(include_unknown=True)
+
+        assert ds, "expected at least the USB + TCP entries"
+        # Real USB candidate must be at position 0 — it's likely_meshtastic.
+        assert ds[0]["port"] == "/dev/cu.usbmodem4201"
+        assert ds[0]["likely_meshtastic"] is True
+        # The malformed TCP entry exists but lands among the unlikely entries.
+        tcp = [d for d in ds if "TCP" in (d["description"] or "")]
+        assert len(tcp) == 1
+        assert tcp[0]["likely_meshtastic"] is False
+        assert ds.index(tcp[0]) > 0
+
+    def test_likely_tcp_entry_wins_tiebreak_over_usb(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        # Conversely, a *valid* TCP env var should sort ahead of USB
+        # candidates of equal likely_meshtastic rank — explicit env-var
+        # configuration is a precedence signal.
+        monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", "localhost:4403")
+
+        class FakeInfo:
+            def __init__(self, device: str, vid: int, pid: int) -> None:
+                self.device = device
+                self.vid = vid
+                self.pid = pid
+                self.description = "Heltec V3"
+                self.manufacturer = "Espressif"
+                self.product = "USB JTAG/serial"
+                self.serial_number = "abc"
+
+        fake_port = FakeInfo("/dev/cu.usbmodem4201", 0x303A, 0x1001)
+        with patch(
+            "meshtastic_mcp.devices.list_ports.comports", return_value=[fake_port]
+        ), patch(
+            "meshtastic.util.findPorts",
+            return_value=["/dev/cu.usbmodem4201"],
+        ):
+            ds = devices.list_devices()
+
+        assert ds[0]["port"] == "tcp://localhost:4403"
+        assert ds[0]["likely_meshtastic"] is True
+
+
+# ---------- connect() routing ---------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestConnectRoutesTcp:
+    def test_connect_uses_tcp_interface_for_tcp_port(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Verify the TCP branch instantiates `TCPInterface(hostname, portNumber)`
+        and never touches `SerialInterface`."""
+        # Make sure the env var doesn't leak in and confuse resolve_port.
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+
+        with patch("meshtastic.tcp_interface.TCPInterface") as mock_tcp, patch(
+            "meshtastic.serial_interface.SerialInterface"
+        ) as mock_serial:
+            mock_tcp.return_value.close.return_value = None
+            with connection.connect(port="tcp://example.com:1234", timeout_s=12.0):
+                pass
+
+        mock_tcp.assert_called_once_with(
+            hostname="example.com",
+            portNumber=1234,
+            connectNow=True,
+            noProto=False,
+            timeout=12,
+        )
+        mock_serial.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_connect_plumbs_timeout_to_serial_interface(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Verify the serial branch also propagates `timeout_s` so callers
+        passing a custom timeout to `device_info` / `list_nodes` / etc. don't
+        silently get the library default."""
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+
+        with patch("meshtastic.serial_interface.SerialInterface") as mock_serial, patch(
+            "meshtastic.tcp_interface.TCPInterface"
+        ) as mock_tcp:
+            mock_serial.return_value.close.return_value = None
+            with connection.connect(port="/dev/cu.fake", timeout_s=20.0):
+                pass
+
+        mock_serial.assert_called_once_with(
+            devPath="/dev/cu.fake",
+            connectNow=True,
+            noProto=False,
+            timeout=20,
+        )
+        mock_tcp.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_connect_releases_lock_on_tcp_failure(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.delenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_TCP_HOST", raising=False)
+        with patch("meshtastic.tcp_interface.TCPInterface") as mock_tcp:
+            mock_tcp.side_effect = RuntimeError("boom")
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="boom"):
+                with connection.connect(port="tcp://locktest:4403"):
+                    pass
+
+        # Lock should be released — a second connect attempt must not fail
+        # with "busy".
+        with patch("meshtastic.tcp_interface.TCPInterface") as mock_tcp:
+            mock_tcp.return_value.close.return_value = None
+            with connection.connect(port="tcp://locktest:4403"):
+                pass
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+"""Tests for the fake-NodeDB fixture pipeline (bin/gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py
+ bin/seed-json-to-proto.py + mcp-server fixtures.push_fake_nodedb).
+
+Lives under tests/unit/ because none of these touch real hardware — they
+shell out to the bin/ scripts and decode the resulting protobufs in-process.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import pathlib
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+import pytest
+
+REPO_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]
+SEED_GEN = REPO_ROOT / "bin" / "gen-fake-nodedb-seed.py"
+COMPILE = REPO_ROOT / "bin" / "seed-json-to-proto.py"
+FIXTURES_DIR = REPO_ROOT / "test" / "fixtures" / "nodedb"
+
+# Ensure the locally-generated Python protobuf bindings are importable.
+# These live under `meshtastic_v25` (not `meshtastic`) so they don't shadow
+# the PyPI `meshtastic` package that the rest of the mcp-server depends on.
+_BINDINGS_DIR = REPO_ROOT / "bin" / "_generated"
+if _BINDINGS_DIR.is_dir() and str(_BINDINGS_DIR) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(_BINDINGS_DIR))
+
+try:
+    from meshtastic_v25.deviceonly_pb2 import (
+        NodeDatabase,  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    NodeDatabase = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+def _require_v25_bindings() -> None:
+    if NodeDatabase is None:
+        pytest.skip(
+            "v25 Python protobuf bindings missing; run `./bin/regen-py-protos.sh`."
+        )
+    if "positions" not in NodeDatabase.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name:
+        pytest.skip(
+            "Loaded NodeDatabase predates v25 — run `./bin/regen-py-protos.sh`."
+        )
+
+
+def _run(cmd: list[str]) -> None:
+    subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Seed generator: deterministic for given --seed (no wall-clock dependence).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_seed_generator_is_deterministic(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    a = tmp_path / "a.jsonl"
+    b = tmp_path / "b.jsonl"
+    _run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            str(SEED_GEN),
+            "--count",
+            "100",
+            "--seed",
+            "42",
+            "--out",
+            str(a),
+        ]
+    )
+    # Sleep so any sneaky wall-clock leak in the generator would surface as
+    # a byte diff between the two runs.
+    time.sleep(0.8)
+    _run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            str(SEED_GEN),
+            "--count",
+            "100",
+            "--seed",
+            "42",
+            "--out",
+            str(b),
+        ]
+    )
+    assert a.read_bytes() == b.read_bytes()
+
+
+def test_seed_generator_meta_line(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    out = tmp_path / "seed.jsonl"
+    _run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            str(SEED_GEN),
+            "--count",
+            "50",
+            "--seed",
+            "1",
+            "--out",
+            str(out),
+        ]
+    )
+    lines = out.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+    assert len(lines) == 51  # 1 meta + 50 nodes
+    meta = json.loads(lines[0])
+    assert "_meta" in meta
+    assert meta["_meta"]["version"] == 25
+    assert meta["_meta"]["count"] == 50
+    assert meta["_meta"]["seed"] == 1
+
+
+def test_seed_only_uses_active_hardware_and_roles(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    """Confirm no deprecated roles + no off-list HW models leak through."""
+    out = tmp_path / "seed.jsonl"
+    _run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            str(SEED_GEN),
+            "--count",
+            "500",
+            "--seed",
+            "7",
+            "--out",
+            str(out),
+        ]
+    )
+    forbidden_roles = {"ROUTER_CLIENT", "REPEATER"}
+    forbidden_hw = {
+        "TLORA_V1",
+        "TLORA_V2",
+        "TLORA_V1_1P3",
+        "TLORA_V2_1_1P6",
+        "TLORA_V2_1_1P8",
+        "HELTEC_V1",
+        "HELTEC_V2_0",
+        "HELTEC_V2_1",
+        "TBEAM",
+        "TBEAM_V0P7",
+        "NANO_G1",
+        "NANO_G1_EXPLORER",
+        "NANO_G2_ULTRA",
+        "STATION_G1",
+        "STATION_G2",
+        "PORTDUINO",
+        "ANDROID_SIM",
+        "DIY_V1",
+        "LORA_RELAY_V1",
+        "NRF52840_PCA10059",
+        "NRF52_UNKNOWN",
+        "DR_DEV",
+        "GENIEBLOCKS",
+        "M5STACK",
+        "RP2040_LORA",
+        "PPR",
+    }
+    for raw in out.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()[1:]:
+        node = json.loads(raw)
+        assert node["role"] not in forbidden_roles, f"deprecated role: {node['role']}"
+        assert (
+            node["hw_model"] not in forbidden_hw
+        ), f"non-tier-1 HW: {node['hw_model']}"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Compile step + committed seeds.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [250, 500, 1000, 2000])
+def test_committed_seed_compiles_and_decodes(size: int, tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    _require_v25_bindings()
+    proto = tmp_path / "out.proto"
+    jsonl = FIXTURES_DIR / f"seed_v25_{size:04d}.jsonl"
+    if not jsonl.is_file():
+        pytest.skip(f"{jsonl} not present — run ./bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh")
+    _run([sys.executable, str(COMPILE), "--in", str(jsonl), "--out", str(proto)])
+
+    db = NodeDatabase()
+    db.ParseFromString(proto.read_bytes())
+    assert db.version == 25
+    assert len(db.nodes) == size
+    nums = {n.num for n in db.nodes}
+    assert len(nums) == size, "node numbers must be unique"
+    assert all(n.long_name and n.short_name for n in db.nodes)
+    assert all(len(n.long_name) <= 24 for n in db.nodes)  # max_size:25 - NUL
+
+    # Coverage sanity (±10pp tolerance for binomial fluctuation).
+    def in_range(actual: int, expected_ratio: float, tol_pp: float = 0.10) -> bool:
+        lo = max(0, int((expected_ratio - tol_pp) * size))
+        hi = min(size, int((expected_ratio + tol_pp) * size))
+        return lo <= actual <= hi
+
+    assert in_range(len(db.positions), 0.85)
+    assert in_range(len(db.telemetry), 0.70)
+    assert in_range(len(db.environment), 0.25)
+    assert in_range(len(db.status), 0.40)
+
+
+def test_compile_freshens_timestamps(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    """Same JSONL compiled twice → identical structure, different timestamps."""
+    _require_v25_bindings()
+    jsonl = FIXTURES_DIR / "seed_v25_0250.jsonl"
+    if not jsonl.is_file():
+        pytest.skip("250-node seed not present — run ./bin/regen-fake-nodedbs.sh")
+    a = tmp_path / "a.proto"
+    b = tmp_path / "b.proto"
+    _run([sys.executable, str(COMPILE), "--in", str(jsonl), "--out", str(a)])
+    time.sleep(1.2)
+    _run([sys.executable, str(COMPILE), "--in", str(jsonl), "--out", str(b)])
+
+    da = NodeDatabase()
+    db_ = NodeDatabase()
+    da.ParseFromString(a.read_bytes())
+    db_.ParseFromString(b.read_bytes())
+
+    # Zero out timestamp fields and confirm everything else is byte-identical.
+    for d in (da, db_):
+        for n in d.nodes:
+            n.last_heard = 0
+        for p in d.positions:
+            p.position.time = 0
+    assert da.SerializeToString() == db_.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Re-load fresh copies to confirm timestamps actually moved.
+    aa = NodeDatabase()
+    bb = NodeDatabase()
+    aa.ParseFromString(a.read_bytes())
+    bb.ParseFromString(b.read_bytes())
+    aa_max = max(n.last_heard for n in aa.nodes if n.last_heard)
+    bb_max = max(n.last_heard for n in bb.nodes if n.last_heard)
+    assert bb_max >= aa_max
+    assert bb_max - aa_max < 5  # within a few seconds
+
+
+def test_compile_pinned_now_epoch_is_byte_identical(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    """With --now-epoch pinned, two compiles produce identical bytes."""
+    _require_v25_bindings()
+    jsonl = FIXTURES_DIR / "seed_v25_0250.jsonl"
+    if not jsonl.is_file():
+        pytest.skip("250-node seed not present")
+    a = tmp_path / "a.proto"
+    b = tmp_path / "b.proto"
+    for o in (a, b):
+        _run(
+            [
+                sys.executable,
+                str(COMPILE),
+                "--in",
+                str(jsonl),
+                "--now-epoch",
+                "1700000000",
+                "--out",
+                str(o),
+            ]
+        )
+    assert a.read_bytes() == b.read_bytes()
+
+
+def test_compile_timestamps_are_recent(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    _require_v25_bindings()
+    jsonl = FIXTURES_DIR / "seed_v25_0250.jsonl"
+    if not jsonl.is_file():
+        pytest.skip("250-node seed not present")
+    out = tmp_path / "out.proto"
+    _run([sys.executable, str(COMPILE), "--in", str(jsonl), "--out", str(out)])
+    db = NodeDatabase()
+    db.ParseFromString(out.read_bytes())
+    now = int(time.time())
+    # No timestamp older than 7 days, none in the future.
+    for n in db.nodes:
+        if n.last_heard:
+            assert now - 7 * 86400 <= n.last_heard <= now
+    # At least half should be within the last hour
+    # (matches expovariate(mean=3600s)).
+    recent = sum(1 for n in db.nodes if n.last_heard and n.last_heard >= now - 3600)
+    assert recent >= 0.4 * len(db.nodes)
+
+
+def test_compile_hand_edit_round_trip(tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    """Edit one JSONL line, recompile, confirm edit appears in the proto."""
+    _require_v25_bindings()
+    src = FIXTURES_DIR / "seed_v25_0250.jsonl"
+    if not src.is_file():
+        pytest.skip("250-node seed not present")
+    dst = tmp_path / "edited.jsonl"
+    lines = src.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+
+    # Find a node that already has telemetry so the index relationship is
+    # easy to assert on the other side.
+    edit_idx = None
+    for i, raw in enumerate(lines[1:], start=1):
+        node = json.loads(raw)
+        if node.get("telemetry") is not None:
+            edit_idx = i
+            break
+    assert edit_idx is not None, "expected at least one node with telemetry"
+
+    node = json.loads(lines[edit_idx])
+    target_num = int(node["num"], 16)
+    node["long_name"] = "Hand Edited Node"
+    node["telemetry"] = {
+        "battery_level": 42,
+        "voltage": 3.71,
+        "channel_utilization": 0.0,
+        "air_util_tx": 0.0,
+        "uptime_seconds": 1,
+    }
+    lines[edit_idx] = json.dumps(node, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True)
+    dst.write_text("\n".join(lines) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    out = tmp_path / "out.proto"
+    _run([sys.executable, str(COMPILE), "--in", str(dst), "--out", str(out)])
+    db = NodeDatabase()
+    db.ParseFromString(out.read_bytes())
+    edited = next((n for n in db.nodes if n.num == target_num), None)
+    assert edited is not None
+    assert edited.long_name == "Hand Edited Node"
+    tel = next((t for t in db.telemetry if t.num == target_num), None)
+    assert tel is not None
+    assert tel.device_metrics.battery_level == 42
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Misc smoke checks on the module surface.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_crc16_ccitt_matches_known_vectors() -> None:
+    """Sanity-check the hand-rolled CRC16-CCITT matches well-known vectors.
+
+    Test vectors from the XModem-CRC spec (init=0, poly=0x1021):
+      crc16("123456789") = 0x31C3
+      crc16("")          = 0x0000
+    """
+    from meshtastic_mcp.fixtures import _crc16_ccitt
+
+    assert _crc16_ccitt(b"") == 0x0000
+    assert _crc16_ccitt(b"123456789") == 0x31C3
+
+
+def test_push_fake_nodedb_rejects_invalid_size() -> None:
+    from meshtastic_mcp.fixtures import FixtureError, push_fake_nodedb
+
+    with pytest.raises(FixtureError, match="size must be one of"):
+        push_fake_nodedb(size=999, target="portduino")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+def test_push_fake_nodedb_hardware_requires_confirm() -> None:
+    from meshtastic_mcp.fixtures import FixtureError, push_fake_nodedb
+
+    with pytest.raises(FixtureError, match="confirm=True"):
+        push_fake_nodedb(size=250, target="hardware", port="/dev/cu.fake")
+
+
+def test_push_fake_nodedb_hardware_requires_port() -> None:
+    from meshtastic_mcp.fixtures import FixtureError, push_fake_nodedb
+
+    with pytest.raises(FixtureError, match="requires a port"):
+        push_fake_nodedb(size=250, target="hardware", confirm=True)
+
+
+def test_push_fake_nodedb_hardware_rejects_tcp_port() -> None:
+    from meshtastic_mcp.fixtures import FixtureError, push_fake_nodedb
+
+    with pytest.raises(FixtureError, match="not supported"):
+        push_fake_nodedb(
+            size=250, target="hardware", confirm=True, port="tcp://localhost:4403"
+        )
@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+"""Unit tests for the persistent device-log recorder.
+
+Hardware-free: drives the Recorder through its `_on_*` handlers with
+synthetic packet/line dicts, then queries via log_query. Validates
+prefix parsing, telemetry variant dispatch, marker round-trip, time
+window filtering, downsampling, slope estimation, and gzip rotation
+ archive pruning.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gzip
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pubsub
+import pytest
+from meshtastic_mcp import log_query
+from meshtastic_mcp.recorder.parsers import (
+    extract_telemetry,
+    interface_label,
+    parse_log_line,
+    summarize_packet,
+)
+from meshtastic_mcp.recorder.recorder import Recorder
+from meshtastic_mcp.recorder.rotating import _RotatingJsonl
+
+# -- isolation: every test gets a fresh Recorder + tmp dir -----------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def recorder(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Recorder:
+    # Redirect both the Recorder and the module-level singleton lookup
+    # to the same tmp dir so log_query queries the same files we write.
+    monkeypatch.setenv("MESHTASTIC_MCP_LOG_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "meshtastic_mcp.recorder.recorder._INSTANCE", None, raising=False
+    )
+    r = Recorder(base_dir=tmp_path)
+    r.start()
+    monkeypatch.setattr("meshtastic_mcp.recorder.recorder._INSTANCE", r, raising=False)
+    yield r
+    r.stop()
+
+
+class _FakeIface:
+    devPath = "/dev/cu.fake"
+
+
+# -- parsers ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestParseLogLine:
+    def test_full_prefix(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line("INFO  | 12:34:56 12345 [Main] Booting")
+        assert out["level"] == "INFO"
+        assert out["tag"] == "Main"
+        assert out["uptime_s"] == 12345
+        assert out["msg"] == "Booting"
+        assert out["clock"] == "12:34:56"
+
+    def test_invalid_clock(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line("WARN  | ??:??:?? 7 [SerialConsole] Boot")
+        assert out["level"] == "WARN"
+        assert out["clock"] == "??:??:??"
+        assert out["uptime_s"] == 7
+
+    def test_no_thread_bracket(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line("DEBUG | 00:00:00 0 raw message body")
+        assert out["level"] == "DEBUG"
+        assert out.get("tag") is None
+        assert out["msg"] == "raw message body"
+
+    def test_bare_message(self) -> None:
+        # LogRecord.message path — no level prefix at all.
+        out = parse_log_line("just a bare message")
+        assert "level" not in out or out.get("level") is None
+        assert out["line"] == "just a bare message"
+
+    def test_empty(self) -> None:
+        assert parse_log_line("") == {"line": ""}
+
+    def test_debug_heap_prefix_extracted(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line("INFO  | 12:34:56 12345 [Main] [heap 92344] Booting")
+        assert out["level"] == "INFO"
+        assert out["tag"] == "Main"
+        assert out["heap_free"] == 92344
+        assert out["msg"] == "Booting"
+
+    def test_debug_heap_prefix_on_bare_line(self) -> None:
+        # LogRecord.message path: no level prefix but still has [heap N].
+        out = parse_log_line("[heap 12345] some message")
+        assert out["heap_free"] == 12345
+        assert out["msg"] == "some message"
+
+    def test_thread_leak_event(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line(
+            "HEAP  | 00:00:01 100 [Power] [heap 90000] "
+            "------ Thread MeshPacket leaked heap 92344 -> 90000 (-2344) ------"
+        )
+        assert out["level"] == "HEAP"
+        assert out["heap_free"] == 90000
+        ev = out["heap_event"]
+        assert ev["kind"] == "leaked"
+        assert ev["thread"] == "MeshPacket"
+        assert ev["before"] == 92344
+        assert ev["after"] == 90000
+        assert ev["delta"] == -2344
+
+    def test_thread_freed_event(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line(
+            "++++++ Thread Router freed heap 1000 -> 1500 (500) ++++++"
+        )
+        ev = out["heap_event"]
+        assert ev["kind"] == "freed"
+        assert ev["thread"] == "Router"
+        assert ev["delta"] == 500
+
+    def test_heap_status_periodic(self) -> None:
+        out = parse_log_line(
+            "HEAP  | 00:00:30 30 [Power] "
+            "Heap status: 92344/200000 bytes free (-128), running 8/12 threads"
+        )
+        assert out["heap_free"] == 92344
+        assert out["heap_total"] == 200000
+        assert out["heap_delta"] == -128
+
+
+class TestRecorderDebugHeapSynthesis:
+    def test_log_with_heap_writes_telemetry(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        # When a log line carries [heap N], the recorder should also
+        # emit a synthesized telemetry row tagged source=debug_heap.
+        recorder._on_log_line(
+            "INFO  | 00:00:00 1 [Main] [heap 88888] hello",
+            _FakeIface(),
+        )
+        telem = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        synth = [json.loads(r) for r in telem if '"source":"debug_heap"' in r]
+        assert len(synth) == 1
+        assert synth[0]["fields"]["heap_free_bytes"] == 88888
+        assert synth[0]["variant"] == "local"
+
+    def test_heap_status_writes_total_too(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line(
+            "HEAP  | 00:00:30 30 [Power] "
+            "Heap status: 50000/200000 bytes free (-100), running 8/12 threads",
+            _FakeIface(),
+        )
+        telem = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        synth = [json.loads(r) for r in telem if '"source":"debug_heap"' in r]
+        assert synth[-1]["fields"]["heap_free_bytes"] == 50000
+        assert synth[-1]["fields"]["heap_total_bytes"] == 200000
+
+    def test_no_heap_no_synthesis(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        # Plain log line (no [heap N], no Heap status) — telemetry.jsonl
+        # should NOT gain a synth row.
+        before = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().count("\n")
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 00:00:00 1 [Main] just a message", _FakeIface())
+        after = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().count("\n")
+        assert after == before
+
+    def test_thread_leak_event_persists_on_log_row(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line(
+            "HEAP  | 00:00:01 100 [Power] [heap 90000] "
+            "------ Thread MeshPacket leaked heap 92344 -> 90000 (-2344) ------",
+            _FakeIface(),
+        )
+        rows = [
+            json.loads(r)
+            for r in (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+            if r
+        ]
+        evt_rows = [r for r in rows if r.get("heap_event")]
+        assert len(evt_rows) == 1
+        assert evt_rows[0]["heap_event"]["thread"] == "MeshPacket"
+        assert evt_rows[0]["heap_event"]["delta"] == -2344
+
+
+class TestSerialTap:
+    def test_serial_line_records_log_and_synthesizes_heap(
+        self, recorder: "Recorder"
+    ) -> None:
+        recorder._on_serial_line(
+            "INFO  | 00:00:00 5 [Main] [heap 88888] tap-line",
+            port="/dev/cu.tap",
+        )
+        logs = (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        telem = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        log_rows = [json.loads(r) for r in logs if r]
+        # Find the row from this call (port=/dev/cu.tap, role=serial_session)
+        tap_rows = [r for r in log_rows if r.get("port") == "/dev/cu.tap"]
+        assert len(tap_rows) == 1
+        assert tap_rows[0]["role"] == "serial_session"
+        assert tap_rows[0]["level"] == "INFO"
+        assert tap_rows[0]["tag"] == "Main"
+        assert tap_rows[0]["heap_free"] == 88888
+        synth = [json.loads(r) for r in telem if '"source":"debug_heap_serial"' in r]
+        assert len(synth) == 1
+        assert synth[0]["fields"]["heap_free_bytes"] == 88888
+        assert synth[0]["role"] == "serial_session"
+
+    def test_serial_line_thread_leak_event(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        recorder._on_serial_line(
+            "HEAP  | 00:00:30 30 [Power] [heap 53484] "
+            "------ Thread Router leaked heap 53612 -> 53484 (-128) ------",
+            port="/dev/cu.tap",
+        )
+        rows = [
+            json.loads(r)
+            for r in (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+            if r
+        ]
+        evt = [r for r in rows if r.get("heap_event")]
+        assert len(evt) == 1
+        assert evt[0]["heap_event"]["thread"] == "Router"
+        assert evt[0]["heap_event"]["delta"] == -128
+        # Heap also synthesized.
+        telem = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text()
+        assert '"source":"debug_heap_serial"' in telem
+
+    def test_serial_line_pause(self, recorder: "Recorder") -> None:
+        recorder.pause("baseline")
+        recorder._on_serial_line(
+            "INFO  | 00:00:00 1 [t] [heap 1000] dropped",
+            port="/dev/cu.tap",
+        )
+        # Only the pause event row should exist; no tap row.
+        logs = (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text()
+        assert "dropped" not in logs
+
+    def test_serial_line_handler_swallows_exceptions(
+        self, recorder: "Recorder"
+    ) -> None:
+        # Hostile input — should not raise.
+        recorder._on_serial_line(None, port="/dev/cu.tap")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        recorder._on_serial_line(b"\x00\x01\x02\x03", port="/dev/cu.tap")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        # Survived.
+
+
+class TestExtractTelemetry:
+    def test_local_stats_camel(self) -> None:
+        pkt = {
+            "decoded": {
+                "telemetry": {
+                    "localStats": {"heap_total_bytes": 1000, "heap_free_bytes": 600}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        out = extract_telemetry(pkt)
+        assert out is not None
+        assert out["variant"] == "local"
+        assert out["fields"]["heap_free_bytes"] == 600
+
+    def test_device_metrics_snake(self) -> None:
+        pkt = {
+            "decoded": {
+                "telemetry": {"device_metrics": {"battery_level": 88, "voltage": 4.1}}
+            }
+        }
+        out = extract_telemetry(pkt)
+        assert out is not None
+        assert out["variant"] == "device"
+        assert out["fields"]["battery_level"] == 88
+
+    def test_unknown_variant_returns_none(self) -> None:
+        assert extract_telemetry({"decoded": {"telemetry": {"weird": {}}}}) is None
+        assert extract_telemetry({}) is None
+        assert extract_telemetry({"decoded": "not-a-dict"}) is None
+
+
+class TestSummarizePacket:
+    def test_text_with_payload(self) -> None:
+        pkt = {
+            "fromId": "!abc",
+            "toId": "!def",
+            "decoded": {"portnum": "TEXT_MESSAGE_APP", "payload": b"hello"},
+            "hopLimit": 3,
+        }
+        out = summarize_packet(pkt)
+        assert out["from_node"] == "!abc"
+        assert out["portnum"] == "TEXT_MESSAGE_APP"
+        assert out["payload_size"] == 5
+        assert out["payload_hex_prefix"] == "68656c6c6f"
+
+    def test_no_decoded(self) -> None:
+        out = summarize_packet({"fromId": "!abc"})
+        assert out["from_node"] == "!abc"
+        assert out["portnum"] is None
+
+
+class TestInterfaceLabel:
+    def test_serial(self) -> None:
+        assert interface_label(_FakeIface()) == {
+            "port": "/dev/cu.fake",
+            "role": "serial",
+        }
+
+    def test_tcp(self) -> None:
+        class T:
+            hostname = "node.lan"
+            portNumber = 4403
+
+        assert interface_label(T()) == {"port": "tcp://node.lan:4403", "role": "tcp"}
+
+    def test_unknown(self) -> None:
+        assert interface_label(object()) == {"port": "object", "role": None}
+
+    def test_none(self) -> None:
+        assert interface_label(None) == {"port": None, "role": None}
+
+
+# -- recorder write side ---------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRecorderWrites:
+    def test_log_line_is_recorded(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 12:34:56 99 [T] hi", _FakeIface())
+        path = recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl"
+        rows = [json.loads(line) for line in path.read_text().splitlines() if line]
+        # First row is recorder_start_event mirror? No — that's events.jsonl only.
+        assert any(r.get("level") == "INFO" and r.get("tag") == "T" for r in rows)
+
+    def test_telemetry_recorded_and_packet_double(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        # _on_telemetry alone — only telemetry.jsonl
+        recorder._on_telemetry(
+            {
+                "fromId": "!abc",
+                "decoded": {"telemetry": {"localStats": {"heap_free_bytes": 600}}},
+            },
+            _FakeIface(),
+        )
+        telem_rows = (recorder.base_dir / "telemetry.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        assert any('"variant":"local"' in r for r in telem_rows)
+
+    def test_packets_summary(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        recorder._on_receive(
+            {
+                "fromId": "!abc",
+                "toId": "!def",
+                "decoded": {"portnum": "TEXT_MESSAGE_APP", "payload": b"hi"},
+            },
+            _FakeIface(),
+        )
+        rows = (recorder.base_dir / "packets.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        assert any('"portnum":"TEXT_MESSAGE_APP"' in r for r in rows)
+
+    def test_mark_event_round_trip(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        out = recorder.mark_event("checkpoint", note="midpoint")
+        assert "ts" in out
+        events = (recorder.base_dir / "events.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        logs = (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines()
+        assert any('"label":"checkpoint"' in r and '"kind":"mark"' in r for r in events)
+        assert any('"level":"MARK"' in r and "checkpoint" in r for r in logs)
+
+    def test_pause_drops_writes(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        before = len((recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines())
+        recorder.pause(reason="baseline")
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 00:00:00 1 [t] swallowed", _FakeIface())
+        after = len((recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text().splitlines())
+        assert after == before
+        recorder.resume()
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 00:00:00 2 [t] kept", _FakeIface())
+        post_resume = (recorder.base_dir / "logs.jsonl").read_text()
+        assert "kept" in post_resume
+
+    def test_pubsub_handler_swallows_exceptions(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        # If the writer dies, the pubsub callback must NOT raise — that
+        # would crash the meshtastic receive thread.
+        bad_packet = object()  # not a dict
+        recorder._on_receive(bad_packet, _FakeIface())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        recorder._on_telemetry(bad_packet, _FakeIface())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        recorder._on_log_line(None, _FakeIface())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        # No assertion needed — survival is the test.
+
+
+# -- log_query read side ---------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestLogQuery:
+    def test_logs_window_grep_and_level(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 12:00:00 1 [A] alpha", _FakeIface())
+        recorder._on_log_line("WARN  | 12:00:01 2 [B] bravo failed", _FakeIface())
+        recorder._on_log_line("ERROR | 12:00:02 3 [C] charlie failed", _FakeIface())
+
+        out = log_query.logs_window(start="-1m", level="WARN|ERROR", max_lines=10)
+        assert out["total_matched"] == 2
+        levels = {r["level"] for r in out["lines"]}
+        assert levels == {"WARN", "ERROR"}
+
+        out2 = log_query.logs_window(start="-1m", grep=r"failed$", max_lines=10)
+        assert out2["total_matched"] == 2
+
+    def test_logs_window_invalid_regex(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 12:00:00 1 [A] alpha", _FakeIface())
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid grep regex"):
+            log_query.logs_window(start="-1m", grep="(")
+
+    def test_telemetry_timeline_slope_and_downsample(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        # Synthesize a downward leak: 100 points, free_heap drops 1 byte/sample.
+        base_ts = time.time() - 60
+        for i in range(100):
+            recorder._files["telemetry"].write(
+                {
+                    "ts": base_ts + i * 0.5,
+                    "port": "/dev/cu.fake",
+                    "role": "serial",
+                    "from_node": "!abc",
+                    "variant": "local",
+                    "fields": {"heap_free_bytes": 10000 - i},
+                }
+            )
+
+        out = log_query.telemetry_timeline(
+            window="2m", variant="local", field="free_heap", max_points=10
+        )
+        assert out["samples"] == 100
+        assert len(out["points"]) <= 10
+        # Negative slope (heap dropping). Magnitude: 1 byte every 0.5s = 120/min.
+        assert out["slope_per_min"] is not None
+        assert out["slope_per_min"] < -100
+
+    def test_export_bundles_slice(self, recorder: Recorder, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 00:00:00 1 [t] one", _FakeIface())
+        recorder._on_log_line("INFO  | 00:00:00 2 [t] two", _FakeIface())
+        dest = tmp_path / "bundle"
+        out = log_query.export(start="-1m", end="now", dest_dir=str(dest))
+        assert (dest / "logs.jsonl").exists()
+        assert "logs" in out["paths"]
+
+
+# -- time parser -----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestParseTime:
+    def test_relative(self) -> None:
+        now = 1_000_000.0
+        assert log_query._parse_time("-15m", now=now) == now - 900
+        assert log_query._parse_time("-2h", now=now) == now - 7200
+        assert log_query._parse_time("-1d", now=now) == now - 86400
+
+    def test_now_and_epoch(self) -> None:
+        now = 1_000_000.0
+        assert log_query._parse_time("now", now=now) == now
+        assert log_query._parse_time(now) == now
+
+    def test_iso(self) -> None:
+        ts = log_query._parse_time("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+        assert isinstance(ts, float) and ts > 1_700_000_000
+
+    def test_naive_iso_assumes_utc(self) -> None:
+        assert log_query._parse_time("2026-01-01T00:00:00") == log_query._parse_time(
+            "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+        )
+
+    def test_invalid(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            log_query._parse_time("not a time")
+
+
+# -- rotation --------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRotation:
+    def test_size_cap_rotates_and_gzips(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        path = tmp_path / "rot.jsonl"
+        r = _RotatingJsonl(path, max_bytes=512, keep_archives=5, check_every=1)
+        for i in range(100):
+            r.write({"ts": float(i), "i": i, "pad": "x" * 40})
+        r.close()
+        archives = sorted(tmp_path.glob("rot.*.jsonl.gz"))
+        assert archives, "expected at least one rotation"
+        # Archive content is valid gzip + valid JSONL
+        with gzip.open(archives[0], "rt") as fh:
+            first = json.loads(fh.readline())
+            assert "ts" in first
+
+    def test_archive_pruning(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        path = tmp_path / "rot.jsonl"
+        r = _RotatingJsonl(path, max_bytes=200, keep_archives=2, check_every=1)
+        # Force several rotations.
+        for _ in range(8):
+            for i in range(20):
+                r.write({"ts": float(i), "pad": "x" * 30})
+            r.force_rotate()
+        r.close()
+        archives = sorted(tmp_path.glob("rot.*.jsonl.gz"))
+        assert len(archives) <= 2, f"expected ≤2 kept archives, got {len(archives)}"
+
+    def test_archive_pruning_uses_filename_order(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        path = tmp_path / "rot.jsonl"
+        r = _RotatingJsonl(path, keep_archives=2)
+        old = tmp_path / "rot.20260101-000000-000000-00000.jsonl.gz"
+        mid = tmp_path / "rot.20260101-000001-000000-00000.jsonl.gz"
+        new = tmp_path / "rot.20260101-000002-000000-00000.jsonl.gz"
+        for archive in (old, mid, new):
+            with gzip.open(archive, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+                fh.write('{"ts":1}\n')
+        # Deliberately scramble mtimes so lexicographic filename order is
+        # the only stable chronological signal.
+        os.utime(old, (300, 300))
+        os.utime(mid, (100, 100))
+        os.utime(new, (200, 200))
+
+        r._prune_archives()
+        r.close()
+
+        archives = sorted(p.name for p in tmp_path.glob("rot.*.jsonl.gz"))
+        assert archives == [mid.name, new.name]
+
+    def test_force_rotate_when_below_threshold(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        path = tmp_path / "rot.jsonl"
+        r = _RotatingJsonl(path, max_bytes=10_000_000, check_every=999_999)
+        r.write({"ts": 1.0, "msg": "tiny"})
+        r.force_rotate()
+        r.write({"ts": 2.0, "msg": "after-rotate"})
+        r.close()
+        archives = sorted(tmp_path.glob("rot.*.jsonl.gz"))
+        assert len(archives) == 1
+        assert path.exists()
+        assert "after-rotate" in path.read_text()
+
+
+class TestRecorderLocks:
+    def test_force_rotate_all_returns_status(self, recorder: Recorder) -> None:
+        out = recorder.force_rotate_all()
+        assert out["running"] is True
+        assert out["files"]
+
+    def test_wire_pubsub_logs_subscription_failure(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        class FailingPubSubMock:
+            def subscribe(self, callback: object, topic: str) -> None:
+                raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(pubsub, "pub", FailingPubSubMock())
+        recorder = Recorder(base_dir=tmp_path)
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+            recorder._wire_pubsub()
+        assert (
+            "Recorder failed to subscribe to meshtastic.log.line: boom" in caplog.text
+        )
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ; https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html

 [platformio]
-default_envs = tbeam
+default_envs = heltec-v3

 extra_configs =
 	variants/*/*.ini
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ test_build_src = true
 extra_scripts =
 	pre:bin/platformio-pre.py
 	bin/platformio-custom.py
+	post:extra_scripts/nrf54l15_linker.py
 ; note: we add src to our include search path so that lmic_project_config can override
 ; note: TINYGPS_OPTION_NO_CUSTOM_FIELDS is VERY important.  We don't use custom fields and somewhere in that pile
 ; of code is a heap corruption bug!
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DUSE_THREAD_NAMES
 	-DTINYGPS_OPTION_NO_CUSTOM_FIELDS
 	-DPB_ENABLE_MALLOC=1
+	-DPB_VALIDATE_UTF8=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_CC1101=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_NRF24=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_RF69=1
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_PAGER=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_FSK4=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_APRS=1
+	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_ADSB=1
 	-DRADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LORAWAN=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_DROPZONE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REPLYBOT=1
@@ -56,9 +59,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERSTRESS=1 ; exclude power stress test module from main firmware
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GENERIC_THREAD_MODULE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERMON=1
-	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS=1
 	-D MAX_THREADS=40 ; As we've split modules, we have more threads to manage
-	-DLED_BUILTIN=-1
 	#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME ; set in platformio-custom.py now
 	#-D OLED_PL=1
 	#-D DEBUG_HEAP=1 ; uncomment to add free heap space / memory leak debugging logs
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ monitor_speed = 115200
 monitor_filters = direct
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-esp8266-oled-ssd1306 packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306 gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/21e484f409cde18d44012caef84c244eb5ca28f3.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/esp8266-oled-ssd1306/archive/6bfd1f135e1ebe37afd6050bb4b9964cea3fcfda.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-OneButton packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton gitBranch=master
 	https://github.com/meshtastic/OneButton/archive/fa352d668c53f290cfa480a5f79ad422cd828c70.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-arduino-fsm packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/arduino-fsm gitBranch=master
@@ -121,12 +122,12 @@ lib_deps =
 [radiolib_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=RadioLib packageName=jgromes/RadioLib
-	https://github.com/jgromes/RadioLib/archive/refs/tags/7.6.0.zip
+	https://github.com/jgromes/RadioLib/archive/afe72ae46a343e15e3cac7f26ac585c7f98bffe5.zip

 [device-ui_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic/device-ui packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/56e1da4e7d30abcd746a2092a30e422f8cf5fc2b.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/4bf593a82100b911ff816dddf7158ffdee2114cd.zip

 ; Common libs for environmental measurements in telemetry module
 [environmental_base]
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Adafruit GFX packageName=adafruit/Adafruit-GFX-Library
 	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-GFX-Library/archive/refs/tags/1.12.6.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=NeoPixel packageName=adafruit/Adafruit_NeoPixel
-	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_NeoPixel/archive/refs/tags/1.15.4.zip
+	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_NeoPixel/archive/1.15.5.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Adafruit SSD1306 packageName=adafruit/Adafruit_SSD1306
 	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SSD1306/archive/refs/tags/2.5.16.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Adafruit BMP280 packageName=adafruit/Adafruit_BMP280_Library
@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/EmotiBit/EmotiBit_MLX90632/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.8.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Adafruit MLX90614 packageName=adafruit/Adafruit_MLX90614
 	https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-MLX90614-Library/archive/refs/tags/2.1.6.zip
-	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=INA3221 packageName=https://github.com/sgtwilko/INA3221 gitBranch=FixOverflow
-	https://github.com/sgtwilko/INA3221/archive/bb03d7e9bfcc74fc798838a54f4f99738f29fc6a.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=INA3221_RT packageName=RobTillaart/INA3221_RT
+	https://github.com/RobTillaart/INA3221_RT/archive/refs/tags/0.4.2.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=QMC5883L Compass packageName=mprograms/QMC5883LCompass
 	https://github.com/mprograms/QMC5883LCompass/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.3.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=DFRobot_RTU packageName=dfrobot/DFRobot_RTU
@@ -227,6 +228,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-sfa3x/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Sensirion I2C SCD30 packageName=sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=arduino-sht packageName=sensirion/arduino-sht
+	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-sht/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.6.zip

 ; Environmental sensors with BSEC2 (Bosch proprietary IAQ)
 [environmental_extra]
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ SOFTWARE.*/

 #include "DebugConfiguration.h"

+#include <memory>
+
 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
 #endif
@@ -119,27 +121,22 @@ bool Syslog::vlogf(uint16_t pri, const char *fmt, va_list args)

 bool Syslog::vlogf(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
-    char *message;
-    size_t initialLen;
-    size_t len;
-    bool result;
+    // First measure the formatted length using a copy of args; passing args directly
+    // to vsnprintf consumes it, and reusing a consumed va_list is undefined behavior.
+    va_list args_measure;
+    va_copy(args_measure, args);
+    int needed = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, args_measure);
+    va_end(args_measure);

-    initialLen = strlen(fmt);
+    if (needed < 0)
+        return false; // encoding error

-    message = new char[initialLen + 1];
+    auto message = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[static_cast<size_t>(needed) + 1]);
+    int written = vsnprintf(message.get(), static_cast<size_t>(needed) + 1, fmt, args);
+    if (written < 0)
+        return false;

-    len = vsnprintf(message, initialLen + 1, fmt, args);
-    if (len > initialLen) {
-        delete[] message;
-        message = new char[len + 1];
-
-        vsnprintf(message, len + 1, fmt, args);
-    }
-
-    result = this->_sendLog(pri, appName, message);
-
-    delete[] message;
-    return result;
+    return this->_sendLog(pri, appName, message.get());
 }

 inline bool Syslog::_sendLog(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *message)
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@ inline bool Syslog::_sendLog(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *mess
    if (!this->_enabled)
        return false;

-    if ((this->_server == NULL && this->_ip == INADDR_NONE) || this->_port == 0)
+    if ((this->_server == NULL && this->_ip == IPAddress(0, 0, 0, 0)) || this->_port == 0)
        return false;

    // Check priority against priMask values.
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ extern MemGet memGet;
 #define LED_STATE_ON 1
 #endif

+// WIFI LED
+#ifndef WIFI_STATE_ON
+#define WIFI_STATE_ON 1
+#endif
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // DEBUG
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -147,13 +152,14 @@ extern "C" void logLegacy(const char *level, const char *fmt, ...);
 // Default Bluetooth PIN
 #define defaultBLEPin 123456

-#if HAS_ETHERNET && !defined(USE_WS5500)
+#if HAS_ETHERNET && defined(USE_CH390D)
+#include <ESP32_CH390.h>
+#elif HAS_ETHERNET && !defined(USE_WS5500)
 #include <RAK13800_W5100S.h>
 #endif // HAS_ETHERNET

-#if HAS_ETHERNET && defined(USE_WS5500)
-#include <ETHClass2.h>
-#define ETH ETH2
+#if HAS_ETHERNET && defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#include <ETH.h>
 #endif // HAS_ETHERNET

 #if HAS_WIFI
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ const char *DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(meshtastic_Config_LoRaC
                                                         bool usePreset)
 {

-    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom"
+    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom" — callers such as RadioInterface and Channels
+    // rely on this being a stable literal for channel-name hashing and default-channel detection.
    if (!usePreset) {
        return "Custom";
    }
@@ -79,28 +79,46 @@ bool copyFile(const char *from, const char *to)
 bool renameFile(const char *pathFrom, const char *pathTo)
 {
 #ifdef FSCom
-
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-    // take SPI Lock
    spiLock->lock();
-    // rename was fixed for ESP32 IDF LittleFS in April
    bool result = FSCom.rename(pathFrom, pathTo);
    spiLock->unlock();
    return result;
 #else
-    // copyFile does its own locking.
-    if (copyFile(pathFrom, pathTo) && FSCom.remove(pathFrom)) {
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-#endif
-
+    return false;
 #endif
 }

 #include <vector>

+/**
+ * @brief Platform-agnostic filesystem format / wipe.
+ *
+ * On embedded targets (ESP32, NRF52, STM32WL, RP2040) this calls the
+ * native FSCom.format() which erases and reinitialises the LittleFS
+ * partition.
+ *
+ * On Portduino the fs::FS backend has no format() method. We instead
+ * delete /prefs (the only meshtastic data directory written at runtime)
+ * and return. rmDir("/prefs") is already called unconditionally by
+ * factoryReset() so this is a proven primitive on Portduino.
+ * FSBegin() is a no-op (#define FSBegin() true) on Portduino.
+ *
+ * @return true on success, false on failure or if no filesystem is configured.
+ */
+bool fsFormat()
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+#if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+    rmDir("/prefs");
+    return FSBegin();
+#else
+    return FSCom.format();
+#endif
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
 /**
 * @brief Get the list of files in a directory.
 *
@@ -123,23 +141,21 @@ std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> getFiles(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels)

    File file = root.openNextFile();
    while (file) {
+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+        const char *filepath = file.path();
+#else
+        const char *filepath = file.name();
+#endif
        if (file.isDirectory() && !String(file.name()).endsWith(".")) {
            if (levels) {
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-                std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> subDirFilenames = getFiles(file.path(), levels - 1);
-#else
-                std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> subDirFilenames = getFiles(file.name(), levels - 1);
-#endif
+                std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> subDirFilenames = getFiles(filepath, levels - 1);
                filenames.insert(filenames.end(), subDirFilenames.begin(), subDirFilenames.end());
                file.close();
            }
        } else {
            meshtastic_FileInfo fileInfo = {"", static_cast<uint32_t>(file.size())};
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-            strcpy(fileInfo.file_name, file.path());
-#else
-            strcpy(fileInfo.file_name, file.name());
-#endif
+            strncpy(fileInfo.file_name, filepath, sizeof(fileInfo.file_name) - 1);
+            fileInfo.file_name[sizeof(fileInfo.file_name) - 1] = '\0';
            if (!String(fileInfo.file_name).endsWith(".")) {
                filenames.push_back(fileInfo);
            }
@@ -163,98 +179,59 @@ std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> getFiles(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels)
 void listDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels, bool del)
 {
 #ifdef FSCom
-#if (defined(ARCH_ESP32) || defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO))
    char buffer[255];
-#endif
    File root = FSCom.open(dirname, FILE_O_READ);
-    if (!root) {
+    if (!root || !root.isDirectory())
        return;
-    }
-    if (!root.isDirectory()) {
-        return;
-    }

    File file = root.openNextFile();
-    while (
-        file &&
-        file.name()[0]) { // This file.name() check is a workaround for a bug in the Adafruit LittleFS nrf52 glue (see issue 4395)
+    while (file && file.name()[0]) { // file.name()[0] check: workaround for Adafruit LittleFS nRF52 bug #4395
+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+        const char *filepath = file.path();
+#else
+        const char *filepath = file.name();
+#endif
        if (file.isDirectory() && !String(file.name()).endsWith(".")) {
            if (levels) {
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-                listDir(file.path(), levels - 1, del);
+                listDir(filepath, levels - 1, del);
                if (del) {
-                    LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", file.path());
-                    strncpy(buffer, file.path(), sizeof(buffer));
+                    LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", filepath);
+                    strncpy(buffer, filepath, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                    buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
                    file.close();
                    FSCom.rmdir(buffer);
                } else {
                    file.close();
                }
-#elif (defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO))
-                listDir(file.name(), levels - 1, del);
-                if (del) {
-                    LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", file.name());
-                    strncpy(buffer, file.name(), sizeof(buffer));
-                    file.close();
-                    FSCom.rmdir(buffer);
-                } else {
-                    file.close();
-                }
-#else
-                LOG_DEBUG(" %s (directory)", file.name());
-                listDir(file.name(), levels - 1, del);
-                file.close();
-#endif
            }
        } else {
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
            if (del) {
-                LOG_DEBUG("Delete %s", file.path());
-                strncpy(buffer, file.path(), sizeof(buffer));
+                LOG_DEBUG("Delete %s", filepath);
+                strncpy(buffer, filepath, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
                file.close();
                FSCom.remove(buffer);
            } else {
-                LOG_DEBUG(" %s (%i Bytes)", file.path(), file.size());
+                LOG_DEBUG(" %s (%i Bytes)", filepath, file.size());
                file.close();
            }
-#elif (defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO))
-            if (del) {
-                LOG_DEBUG("Delete %s", file.name());
-                strncpy(buffer, file.name(), sizeof(buffer));
-                file.close();
-                FSCom.remove(buffer);
-            } else {
-                LOG_DEBUG(" %s (%i Bytes)", file.name(), file.size());
-                file.close();
-            }
-#else
-            LOG_DEBUG("   %s (%i Bytes)", file.name(), file.size());
-            file.close();
-#endif
        }
        file = root.openNextFile();
    }
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-    if (del) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", root.path());
-        strncpy(buffer, root.path(), sizeof(buffer));
-        root.close();
-        FSCom.rmdir(buffer);
-    } else {
-        root.close();
-    }
-#elif (defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO))
-    if (del) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", root.name());
-        strncpy(buffer, root.name(), sizeof(buffer));
-        root.close();
-        FSCom.rmdir(buffer);
-    } else {
-        root.close();
-    }
+    const char *rootpath = root.path();
 #else
-    root.close();
+    const char *rootpath = root.name();
 #endif
+    if (del) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Remove %s", rootpath);
+        strncpy(buffer, rootpath, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+        buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
+        root.close();
+        FSCom.rmdir(buffer);
+    } else {
+        root.close();
+    }
 #endif
 }

@@ -268,14 +245,7 @@ void listDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels, bool del)
 void rmDir(const char *dirname)
 {
 #ifdef FSCom
-
-#if (defined(ARCH_ESP32) || defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO))
    listDir(dirname, 10, true);
-#elif defined(ARCH_NRF52)
-    // nRF52 implementation of LittleFS has a recursive delete function
-    FSCom.rmdir_r(dirname);
-#endif
-
 #endif
 }

@@ -307,7 +277,7 @@ void fsInit()
 */
 void setupSDCard()
 {
-#if defined(HAS_SDCARD) && !defined(SDCARD_USE_SOFT_SPI)
+#if defined(HAS_SDCARD) && !defined(SDCARD_USE_SOFT_SPI) && !defined(HAS_SD_MMC)
    concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
    SDHandler.begin(SPI_SCK, SPI_MISO, SPI_MOSI);
    if (!SD.begin(SDCARD_CS, SDHandler, SD_SPI_FREQUENCY)) {
@@ -48,10 +48,19 @@ using namespace STM32_LittleFS_Namespace;
 using namespace Adafruit_LittleFS_Namespace;
 #endif

+#if defined(ARCH_NRF54L15)
+// nRF54L15 — Zephyr LittleFS on 36 KB storage_partition (internal RRAM)
+#include "InternalFileSystem.h"
+#define FSCom InternalFS
+#define FSBegin() FSCom.begin()
+using namespace Adafruit_LittleFS_Namespace;
+#endif
+
 void fsInit();
 void fsListFiles();
 bool copyFile(const char *from, const char *to);
 bool renameFile(const char *pathFrom, const char *pathTo);
+bool fsFormat();
 std::vector<meshtastic_FileInfo> getFiles(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels);
 void listDir(const char *dirname, uint8_t levels, bool del = false);
 void rmDir(const char *dirname);
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ class GPSStatus : public Status
    int32_t getLatitude() const
    {
        if (config.position.fixed_position) {
-            meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
-            return node->position.latitude_i;
+            return localPosition.latitude_i;
        } else {
            return p.latitude_i;
        }
@@ -63,8 +62,7 @@ class GPSStatus : public Status
    int32_t getLongitude() const
    {
        if (config.position.fixed_position) {
-            meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
-            return node->position.longitude_i;
+            return localPosition.longitude_i;
        } else {
            return p.longitude_i;
        }
@@ -73,8 +71,7 @@ class GPSStatus : public Status
    int32_t getAltitude() const
    {
        if (config.position.fixed_position) {
-            meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
-            return node->position.altitude;
+            return localPosition.altitude;
        } else {
            return p.altitude;
        }
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "SPILock.h"
 #include "SafeFile.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h"
-#include "graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.h"
 #include <cstring> // memcpy

 #ifndef MESSAGE_TEXT_POOL_SIZE
@@ -181,13 +180,8 @@ const StoredMessage &MessageStore::addFromPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &pa

    bool isDM = (sm.dest != 0 && sm.dest != NODENUM_BROADCAST);

-    if (packet.from == 0) {
-        sm.type = isDM ? MessageType::DM_TO_US : MessageType::BROADCAST;
-        sm.ackStatus = AckStatus::NONE;
-    } else {
-        sm.type = isDM ? MessageType::DM_TO_US : MessageType::BROADCAST;
-        sm.ackStatus = AckStatus::ACKED;
-    }
+    sm.type = isDM ? MessageType::DM_TO_US : MessageType::BROADCAST;
+    sm.ackStatus = (packet.from == 0) ? AckStatus::NONE : AckStatus::ACKED;

    addLiveMessage(sm);

@@ -372,26 +366,25 @@ void MessageStore::clearAllMessages()
 #endif
 }

-// Internal helper: erase first or last message matching a predicate
-template <typename Predicate> static void eraseIf(std::deque<StoredMessage> &deque, Predicate pred, bool fromBack = false)
+// Internal helpers for targeted erasure.
+template <typename Predicate> static bool eraseFirstMatch(std::deque<StoredMessage> &deque, Predicate pred)
 {
-    if (fromBack) {
-        // Iterate from the back and erase all matches from the end
-        for (auto it = deque.rbegin(); it != deque.rend();) {
-            if (pred(*it)) {
-                it = std::deque<StoredMessage>::reverse_iterator(deque.erase(std::next(it).base()));
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
+    for (auto it = deque.begin(); it != deque.end(); ++it) {
+        if (pred(*it)) {
+            deque.erase(it);
+            return true;
        }
-    } else {
-        // Manual forward search to erase all matches
-        for (auto it = deque.begin(); it != deque.end();) {
-            if (pred(*it)) {
-                it = deque.erase(it);
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <typename Predicate> static void eraseAllMatches(std::deque<StoredMessage> &deque, Predicate pred)
+{
+    for (auto it = deque.begin(); it != deque.end();) {
+        if (pred(*it)) {
+            it = deque.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
        }
    }
 }
@@ -399,7 +392,9 @@ template <typename Predicate> static void eraseIf(std::deque<StoredMessage> &deq
 // Delete oldest message (RAM + persisted queue)
 void MessageStore::deleteOldestMessage()
 {
-    eraseIf(liveMessages, [](StoredMessage &) { return true; });
+    if (!liveMessages.empty()) {
+        liveMessages.pop_front();
+    }
    saveToFlash();
 }

@@ -407,14 +402,14 @@ void MessageStore::deleteOldestMessage()
 void MessageStore::deleteOldestMessageInChannel(uint8_t channel)
 {
    auto pred = [channel](const StoredMessage &m) { return m.type == MessageType::BROADCAST && m.channelIndex == channel; };
-    eraseIf(liveMessages, pred);
+    eraseFirstMatch(liveMessages, pred);
    saveToFlash();
 }

 void MessageStore::deleteAllMessagesInChannel(uint8_t channel)
 {
    auto pred = [channel](const StoredMessage &m) { return m.type == MessageType::BROADCAST && m.channelIndex == channel; };
-    eraseIf(liveMessages, pred, false /* delete ALL, not just first */);
+    eraseAllMatches(liveMessages, pred);
    saveToFlash();
 }

@@ -427,7 +422,7 @@ void MessageStore::deleteAllMessagesWithPeer(uint32_t peer)
        uint32_t other = (m.sender == local) ? m.dest : m.sender;
        return other == peer;
    };
-    eraseIf(liveMessages, pred, false);
+    eraseAllMatches(liveMessages, pred);
    saveToFlash();
 }

@@ -440,7 +435,7 @@ void MessageStore::deleteOldestMessageWithPeer(uint32_t peer)
        uint32_t other = (m.sender == nodeDB->getNodeNum()) ? m.dest : m.sender;
        return other == peer;
    };
-    eraseIf(liveMessages, pred);
+    eraseFirstMatch(liveMessages, pred);
    saveToFlash();
 }

@@ -124,9 +124,6 @@ class MessageStore
    // Allocate text into pool (used by sender-side code)
    static uint16_t storeText(const char *src, size_t len);

-    // Used when loading from flash to rebuild the text pool
-    static uint16_t rebuildTextFromFlash(const char *src, size_t len);
-
  private:
    std::deque<StoredMessage> liveMessages; // Single in-RAM message buffer (also used for persistence)
    std::string filename;                   // Flash filename for persistence
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include "power/PowerHAL.h"
 #include "sleep.h"
+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+// #include <driver/adc.h>
+#include <esp_adc/adc_cali.h>
+#include <esp_adc/adc_cali_scheme.h>
+#include <esp_adc/adc_oneshot.h>
+#include <esp_err.h>
+#endif

 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
 #include "api/WiFiServerAPI.h"
@@ -40,6 +47,22 @@
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && defined(BATTERY_PIN)
+#include "stm32yyxx_ll_adc.h"
+
+/* Analog read resolution */
+#if defined(LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#elif defined(LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#else
+#error "ADC resolution could not be defined!"
+#endif
+#define ADC_RANGE (1 << BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DEBUG_HEAP_MQTT) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
@@ -47,9 +70,8 @@
 #include <WiFi.h>
 #endif

-#if HAS_ETHERNET && defined(USE_WS5500)
-#include <ETHClass2.h>
-#define ETH ETH2
+#if HAS_ETHERNET && defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#include <ETH.h>
 #endif // HAS_ETHERNET

 #endif
@@ -61,33 +83,113 @@
 #if defined(BATTERY_PIN) && defined(ARCH_ESP32)

 #ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1 is default
-static const adc1_channel_t adc_channel = ADC_CHANNEL;
+static const adc_channel_t adc_channel = ADC_CHANNEL;
 static const adc_unit_t unit = ADC_UNIT_1;
-#else // ADC2
-static const adc2_channel_t adc_channel = ADC_CHANNEL;
+#else  // ADC2
+static const adc_channel_t adc_channel = ADC_CHANNEL;
 static const adc_unit_t unit = ADC_UNIT_2;
-RTC_NOINIT_ATTR uint64_t RTC_reg_b;
-
 #endif // BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT

-esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t *adc_characs = (esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t));
+static adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t adc_handle = nullptr;
+static adc_cali_handle_t adc_cali_handle = nullptr;
+static bool adc_calibrated = false;
 #ifndef ADC_ATTENUATION
 static const adc_atten_t atten = ADC_ATTEN_DB_12;
 #else
 static const adc_atten_t atten = ADC_ATTENUATION;
 #endif
+#ifdef ADC_BITWIDTH
+static const adc_bitwidth_t adc_width = ADC_BITWIDTH;
+#else
+static const adc_bitwidth_t adc_width = ADC_BITWIDTH_DEFAULT;
+#endif
+
+static int adcBitWidthToBits(adc_bitwidth_t width)
+{
+    switch (width) {
+    case ADC_BITWIDTH_9:
+        return 9;
+    case ADC_BITWIDTH_10:
+        return 10;
+    case ADC_BITWIDTH_11:
+        return 11;
+    case ADC_BITWIDTH_12:
+        return 12;
+#ifdef ADC_BITWIDTH_13
+    case ADC_BITWIDTH_13:
+        return 13;
+#endif
+    default:
+        return 12;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool initAdcCalibration()
+{
+#if ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED
+    adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
+        .unit_id = unit,
+        .atten = atten,
+        .bitwidth = adc_width,
+    };
+    esp_err_t ret = adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting(&cali_config, &adc_cali_handle);
+    if (ret == ESP_OK) {
+        LOG_INFO("ADC calibration: curve fitting enabled");
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (ret != ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        LOG_WARN("ADC calibration: curve fitting failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED
+    adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
+        .unit_id = unit,
+        .atten = atten,
+        .bitwidth = adc_width,
+        .default_vref = DEFAULT_VREF,
+    };
+    esp_err_t ret = adc_cali_create_scheme_line_fitting(&cali_config, &adc_cali_handle);
+    if (ret == ESP_OK) {
+        LOG_INFO("ADC calibration: line fitting enabled");
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (ret != ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        LOG_WARN("ADC calibration: line fitting failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    LOG_INFO("ADC calibration not supported; using approximate scaling");
+    return false;
+}
+
 #endif // BATTERY_PIN && ARCH_ESP32

+#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
+#ifndef EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE
+#define EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE INPUT
+// If using internal pull resistors, we can infer EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE
+#elif EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE == INPUT_PULLUP
+#define EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE LOW
+#elif EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE == INPUT_PULLDOWN
+#define EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE HIGH
+#endif
+#ifndef EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE
+#define EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE HIGH
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
 #ifndef EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE
-static const uint8_t ext_chrg_detect_mode = INPUT;
-#else
-static const uint8_t ext_chrg_detect_mode = EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE;
+#define EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE INPUT
+// If using internal pull resistors, we can infer EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE
+#elif EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE == INPUT_PULLUP
+#define EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE LOW
+#elif EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE == INPUT_PULLDOWN
+#define EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE HIGH
 #endif
 #ifndef EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE
-static const uint8_t ext_chrg_detect_value = HIGH;
-#else
-static const uint8_t ext_chrg_detect_value = EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE;
+#define EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE HIGH
 #endif
 #endif

@@ -328,11 +430,29 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
            float scaled = 0;

            battery_adcEnable();
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ADC block for espressif platforms
-            raw = espAdcRead();
-            scaled = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw, adc_characs);
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+            // STM32 ADC with VREFINT runtime calibration
+            Vref = __LL_ADC_CALC_VREFANALOG_VOLTAGE(analogRead(AVREF), LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            raw = analogRead(BATTERY_PIN);
+            scaled = __LL_ADC_CALC_DATA_TO_VOLTAGE(Vref, raw, LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
-#else // block for all other platforms
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ADC block for espressif platforms
+            raw = espAdcRead();
+            int voltage_mv = 0;
+            if (adc_calibrated && adc_cali_handle) {
+                if (adc_cali_raw_to_voltage(adc_cali_handle, raw, &voltage_mv) != ESP_OK) {
+                    LOG_WARN("ADC calibration read failed; using raw value");
+                    voltage_mv = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            if (voltage_mv == 0) {
+                // Fallback approximate conversion without calibration
+                const int bits = adcBitWidthToBits(adc_width);
+                const float max_code = powf(2.0f, bits) - 1.0f;
+                voltage_mv = (int)((raw / max_code) * DEFAULT_VREF);
+            }
+            scaled = voltage_mv * operativeAdcMultiplier;
+#else                     // block for all other platforms
 #ifdef ARCH_NRF52
            concurrency::LockGuard saadcGuard(concurrency::nrf52SaadcLock);
 #endif
@@ -373,51 +493,22 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
        uint32_t raw = 0;
        uint8_t raw_c = 0; // raw reading counter

-#ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1
+        if (!adc_handle) {
+            LOG_ERROR("ADC oneshot handle not initialized");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
        for (int i = 0; i < BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES; i++) {
-            int val_ = adc1_get_raw(adc_channel);
-            if (val_ >= 0) { // save only valid readings
-                raw += val_;
+            int val = 0;
+            esp_err_t err = adc_oneshot_read(adc_handle, adc_channel, &val);
+            if (err == ESP_OK) {
+                raw += val;
                raw_c++;
-            }
-            // delayMicroseconds(100);
-        }
-#else                            // ADC2
-#ifdef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3 // ESP32S3
-        // ADC2 wifi bug workaround not required, breaks compile
-        // On ESP32S3, ADC2 can take turns with Wifi (?)
-
-        int32_t adc_buf;
-        esp_err_t read_result;
-
-        // Multiple samples
-        for (int i = 0; i < BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES; i++) {
-            adc_buf = 0;
-            read_result = -1;
-
-            read_result = adc2_get_raw(adc_channel, ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12, &adc_buf);
-            if (read_result == ESP_OK) {
-                raw += adc_buf;
-                raw_c++; // Count valid samples
            } else {
-                LOG_DEBUG("An attempt to sample ADC2 failed");
+                LOG_DEBUG("ADC read failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
            }
        }

-#else  // Other ESP32
-        int32_t adc_buf = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES; i++) {
-            // ADC2 wifi bug workaround, see
-            // https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/issues/102
-            WRITE_PERI_REG(SENS_SAR_READ_CTRL2_REG, RTC_reg_b);
-            SET_PERI_REG_MASK(SENS_SAR_READ_CTRL2_REG, SENS_SAR2_DATA_INV);
-            adc2_get_raw(adc_channel, ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12, &adc_buf);
-            raw += adc_buf;
-            raw_c++;
-        }
-#endif // BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT
-
-#endif // End BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT
        return (raw / (raw_c < 1 ? 1 : raw_c));
    }
 #endif
@@ -447,28 +538,14 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    virtual bool isBatteryConnect() override { return getBatteryPercent() != -1; }
 #endif

-    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is
-    /// pumping in power On some boards we don't have the power management chip
-    /// (like AXPxxxx) so we use EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO pin to detect external power
-    /// source
+    // Detect if an external power source is connected if we don’t have a PMIC;
+    // Firstly prefer EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO if available,
+    // secondly try an nRF52-specific routine on some variants,
+    // lastly provide a fallback to indicate external power when fully charged.
    virtual bool isVbusIn() override
    {
 #ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
-#if defined(HELTEC_CAPSULE_SENSOR_V3) || defined(HELTEC_SENSOR_HUB)
-        // if external powered that pin will be pulled down
-        if (digitalRead(EXT_PWR_DETECT) == LOW) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        // if it's not LOW - check the battery
-#else
-        // if external powered that pin will be pulled up
-        if (digitalRead(EXT_PWR_DETECT) == HIGH) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        // if it's not HIGH - check the battery
-#endif
-        // If we have an EXT_PWR_DETECT pin and it indicates no external power, believe it.
-        return false;
+        return digitalRead(EXT_PWR_DETECT) == EXT_PWR_DETECT_VALUE;

 // technically speaking this should work for all(?) NRF52 boards
 // but needs testing across multiple devices. NRF52 USB would not even work if
@@ -489,9 +566,9 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
        }
 #endif
 #if defined(ELECROW_ThinkNode_M6)
-        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == ext_chrg_detect_value || isVbusIn();
+        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE || isVbusIn();
 #elif EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == ext_chrg_detect_value;
+        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE;
 #elif defined(BATTERY_CHARGING_INV)
        return !digitalRead(BATTERY_CHARGING_INV);
 #else
@@ -530,6 +607,11 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    bool initial_read_done = false;
    float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
    uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    // 3300mV placeholder for STM32 errata where VREFINT factory calibration may be missing
+    // (e.g. STM32U0, see DS14756 Rev 3 §2.4.1 "VREFINT offset")
+    uint32_t Vref = 3300;
+#endif

 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && defined(HAS_RAKPROT)

@@ -619,14 +701,10 @@ Power::Power() : OSThread("Power")
 bool Power::analogInit()
 {
 #ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
-#if defined(HELTEC_CAPSULE_SENSOR_V3) || defined(HELTEC_SENSOR_HUB)
-    pinMode(EXT_PWR_DETECT, INPUT_PULLUP);
-#else
-    pinMode(EXT_PWR_DETECT, INPUT);
-#endif
+    pinMode(EXT_PWR_DETECT, EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE);
 #endif
 #ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-    pinMode(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, ext_chrg_detect_mode);
+    pinMode(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE);
 #endif

 #ifdef BATTERY_PIN
@@ -639,47 +717,38 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 10
 #endif

-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
+    adc_oneshot_unit_init_cfg_t init_config = {
+        .unit_id = unit,
+    };

-#ifndef ADC_WIDTH // max resolution by default
-    static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12;
-#else
-    static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH;
-#endif
-#ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1
-    adc1_config_width(width);
-    adc1_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
-#else // ADC2
-    adc2_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
-#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
-    // ADC2 wifi bug workaround
-    // Not required with ESP32S3, breaks compile
-    RTC_reg_b = READ_PERI_REG(SENS_SAR_READ_CTRL2_REG);
-#endif
-#endif
-    // calibrate ADC
-    esp_adc_cal_value_t val_type = esp_adc_cal_characterize(unit, atten, width, DEFAULT_VREF, adc_characs);
-    // show ADC characterization base
-    if (val_type == ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP) {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values stored in eFuse");
-    } else if (val_type == ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_VREF) {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on reference voltage stored in eFuse");
+    if (!adc_handle) {
+        esp_err_t err = adc_oneshot_new_unit(&init_config, &adc_handle);
+        if (err != ESP_OK) {
+            LOG_ERROR("ADC oneshot init failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+            return false;
+        }
    }
-#ifdef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
-    // ESP32S3
-    else if (val_type == ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP_FIT) {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values and fitting curve "
-                 "coefficients stored in eFuse");
+
+    adc_oneshot_chan_cfg_t chan_cfg = {
+        .atten = atten,
+        .bitwidth = adc_width,
+    };
+
+    esp_err_t err = adc_oneshot_config_channel(adc_handle, adc_channel, &chan_cfg);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        LOG_ERROR("ADC channel config failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        return false;
    }
-#endif
-    else {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on default reference voltage");
-    }
-#endif // ARCH_ESP32
+
+    adc_calibrated = initAdcCalibration();
+#endif                    // ARCH_ESP32

    // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform

-#ifndef ARCH_ESP32
+#if !defined(ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
 #endif

@@ -717,37 +786,17 @@ bool Power::setup()
        found = true;
 #endif
    }
-#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
-    attachInterrupt(
-        EXT_PWR_DETECT,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
-#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
-    attachInterrupt(
-        BATTERY_CHARGING_INV,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
-#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-    attachInterrupt(
-        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
+    attachPowerInterrupts();
    enabled = found;
    low_voltage_counter = 0;

+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+    // Register callbacks for before and after lightsleep
+    // Used to detach and reattach interrupts
+    lsObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleep);
+    lsEndObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleepEnd);
+#endif
+
    return found;
 }

@@ -775,8 +824,10 @@ void Power::reboot()
    rp2040.reboot();
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
    deInitApiServer();
+#ifdef __linux__
    if (aLinuxInputImpl)
        aLinuxInputImpl->deInit();
+#endif
    SPI.end();
    Wire.end();
    Serial1.end();
@@ -896,7 +947,16 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()

    // Notify any status instances that are observing us
    const PowerStatus powerStatus2 = PowerStatus(hasBattery, usbPowered, isChargingNow, batteryVoltageMv, batteryChargePercent);
-    if (millis() > lastLogTime + 50 * 1000) {
+
+    // Log battery-presence transitions once; skip OptUnknown so we don't lie before the first probe.
+    static OptionalBool prevHasBattery = OptUnknown;
+    if (hasBattery != OptUnknown && hasBattery != prevHasBattery) {
+        LOG_INFO("Power: battery hardware %s", hasBattery == OptTrue ? "detected" : "absent (USB-only)");
+        prevHasBattery = hasBattery;
+    }
+
+    // Periodic telemetry only emits when a battery is actually present (otherwise values are constant -1/0).
+    if (hasBattery == OptTrue && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastLogTime, 50 * 1000)) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Battery: usbPower=%d, isCharging=%d, batMv=%d, batPct=%d", powerStatus2.getHasUSB(),
                  powerStatus2.getIsCharging(), powerStatus2.getBatteryVoltageMv(), powerStatus2.getBatteryChargePercent());
        lastLogTime = millis();
@@ -994,6 +1054,14 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
            powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_POWER_CONNECTED);
        }

+#ifdef PMU_POWER_BUTTON_IS_CANCEL
+        // cancel action also turns the screen on and off.
+        if (PMU->isPekeyShortPressIrq()) {
+            LOG_INFO("Input: Corona Button Click");
+            InputEvent event = {.inputEvent = (input_broker_event)INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL, .kbchar = 0, .touchX = 0, .touchY = 0};
+            inputBroker->injectInputEvent(&event);
+        }
+#endif
        /*
        Other things we could check if we cared...

@@ -1010,13 +1078,6 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
            LOG_DEBUG("Battery removed");
        }
        */
-#ifndef T_WATCH_S3 // FIXME - why is this triggering on the T-Watch S3?
-        if (PMU->isPekeyLongPressIrq()) {
-            LOG_DEBUG("PEK long button press");
-            if (screen)
-                screen->setOn(false);
-        }
-#endif

        PMU->clearIrqStatus();
    }
@@ -1026,6 +1087,97 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
    return (statusHandler && statusHandler->isInitialized()) ? (1000 * 20) : RUN_SAME;
 }

+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+
+// Detach our class' interrupts before lightsleep
+// Allows sleep.cpp to configure its own interrupts, which wake the device on user-button press
+int Power::beforeLightSleep(void *unused)
+{
+    LOG_WARN("Detaching power interrupts for sleep");
+    detachPowerInterrupts();
+    return 0; // Indicates success
+}
+
+// Reconfigure our interrupts
+// Our class' interrupts were disconnected during sleep, to allow the user button to wake the device from sleep
+int Power::afterLightSleep(esp_sleep_wakeup_cause_t cause)
+{
+    attachPowerInterrupts();
+    return 0; // Indicates success
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Attach (or re-attach) hardware interrupts for power management
+ * Public method. Used outside class when waking from MCU sleep
+ */
+void Power::attachPowerInterrupts()
+{
+#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_PWR_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
+    attachInterrupt(
+        BATTERY_CHARGING_INV,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef PMU_IRQ
+    if (PMU) {
+        attachInterrupt(
+            PMU_IRQ,
+            []() {
+                pmu_irq = true;
+                power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+                runASAP = true;
+            },
+            FALLING);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Detach the "normal" button interrupts.
+ * Public method. Used before attaching a "wake-on-button" interrupt for MCU sleep
+ */
+void Power::detachPowerInterrupts()
+{
+#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
+    detachInterrupt(EXT_PWR_DETECT);
+#endif
+#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
+    detachInterrupt(BATTERY_CHARGING_INV);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    detachInterrupt(EXT_CHRG_DETECT);
+#endif
+#ifdef PMU_IRQ
+    if (PMU) {
+        detachInterrupt(PMU_IRQ);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 /**
 * Init the power manager chip
 *
@@ -1297,21 +1449,16 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
    uint64_t pmuIrqMask = 0;

    if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP192) {
-        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_BAT_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
+        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_VBUS_REMOVE_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP192_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
    } else if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP2101) {
-        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_BAT_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
+        pmuIrqMask = XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_INSERT_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_VBUS_REMOVE_IRQ | XPOWERS_AXP2101_PKEY_SHORT_IRQ;
    }

    pinMode(PMU_IRQ, INPUT);
-    attachInterrupt(
-        PMU_IRQ, [] { pmu_irq = true; }, FALLING);

-    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ
-    // because it occurs repeatedly while there is no battery also it could cause
-    // inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled we
-    // don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while
-    // no battery installed we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we
-    // don't have anything hooked to vbus
+    // We wake on IRQ, so only enable the IRQs that we care about.
+    // we want USB plug and unplug to update the screen and LED status,
+    // and short press on the power button to trigger the "cancel" action in the UI (which also turns the screen on and off).
    PMU->enableIRQ(pmuIrqMask);

    PMU->clearIrqStatus();
@@ -1777,7 +1924,7 @@ class SerialBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    {
 #if defined(EXT_CHRG_DETECT)

-        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == ext_chrg_detect_value;
+        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE;

 #endif
        return false;
@@ -1786,7 +1933,7 @@ class SerialBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    virtual bool isCharging() override
    {
 #ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == ext_chrg_detect_value;
+        return digitalRead(EXT_CHRG_DETECT) == EXT_CHRG_DETECT_VALUE;

 #endif
        // by default, we check the battery voltage only
@@ -1808,10 +1955,10 @@ SerialBatteryLevel serialBatteryLevel;
 bool Power::serialBatteryInit()
 {
 #ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
-    pinMode(EXT_PWR_DETECT, INPUT);
+    pinMode(EXT_PWR_DETECT, EXT_PWR_DETECT_MODE);
 #endif
 #ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-    pinMode(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, ext_chrg_detect_mode);
+    pinMode(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, EXT_CHRG_DETECT_MODE);
 #endif

    bool result = serialBatteryLevel.runOnce();
@@ -58,6 +58,35 @@ static bool isPowered()
    return !isPowerSavingMode && powerStatus && (!powerStatus->getHasBattery() || powerStatus->getHasUSB());
 }

+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+static void t5BacklightOffForSleep()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedBySleep(true);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightWakeFromSleep()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedBySleep(false);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightOffForTimeout()
+{
+    t5BacklightSetForcedByTimeout(true);
+    t5TouchSetForcedByTimeout(true);
+}
+
+static void t5BacklightOnFromUserInput()
+{
+    t5BacklightHandleUserInput();
+    t5TouchHandleUserInput();
+}
+#else
+static void t5BacklightOffForSleep() {}
+static void t5BacklightWakeFromSleep() {}
+static void t5BacklightOffForTimeout() {}
+static void t5BacklightOnFromUserInput() {}
+#endif
+
 static void sdsEnter()
 {
    LOG_POWERFSM("State: SDS");
@@ -87,6 +116,7 @@ static void lsEnter()
    LOG_POWERFSM("lsEnter begin, ls_secs=%u", config.power.ls_secs);
    if (screen)
        screen->setOn(false);
+    t5BacklightOffForSleep();
    secsSlept = 0; // How long have we been sleeping this time

    // LOG_INFO("lsEnter end");
@@ -159,6 +189,8 @@ static void lsIdle()
 static void lsExit()
 {
    LOG_POWERFSM("State: lsExit");
+    // Lift the light-sleep force-off gate when leaving LS.
+    t5BacklightWakeFromSleep();
 }

 static void nbEnter()
@@ -180,6 +212,8 @@ static void darkEnter()
    setBluetoothEnable(true);
    if (screen)
        screen->setOn(false);
+    // Screen timeout enters DARK; ensure backlight also turns off.
+    t5BacklightOffForTimeout();
 }

 static void serialEnter()
@@ -289,12 +323,13 @@ void PowerFSM_setup()
    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateNB, EVENT_PACKET_FOR_PHONE, NULL, "Received packet, resetting win wake");

    // Handle press events - note: we ignore button presses when in API mode
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, isPowered() ? &statePOWER : &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, NULL, "Press"); // reenter On to restart our timers
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSERIAL, EVENT_PRESS, NULL,
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, isPowered() ? &statePOWER : &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Press");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Press"); // reenter On to restart our timers
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSERIAL, EVENT_PRESS, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
                            "Press"); // Allow button to work while in serial API

    // Handle critically low power battery by forcing deep sleep
@@ -314,11 +349,13 @@ void PowerFSM_setup()
    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateSERIAL, &stateSHUTDOWN, EVENT_SHUTDOWN, NULL, "Shutdown");

    // Inputbroker
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device");       // restarts the sleep timer
-    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_INPUT, NULL, "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateLS, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateNB, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput, "Input Device");
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer
+    powerFSM.add_transition(&statePOWER, &statePOWER, EVENT_INPUT, t5BacklightOnFromUserInput,
+                            "Input Device"); // restarts the sleep timer

    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateDARK, &stateON, EVENT_BLUETOOTH_PAIR, NULL, "Bluetooth pairing");
    powerFSM.add_transition(&stateON, &stateON, EVENT_BLUETOOTH_PAIR, NULL, "Bluetooth pairing");
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u.%03u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u ", millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u.%03u ", millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -225,14 +225,16 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_ble(const char *logLevel, const char *format, va_
        isBleConnected = nimbleBluetooth && nimbleBluetooth->isActive() && nimbleBluetooth->isConnected();
 #elif defined(ARCH_NRF52)
        isBleConnected = nrf52Bluetooth != nullptr && nrf52Bluetooth->isConnected();
+#elif defined(ARCH_NRF54L15)
+        isBleConnected = nrf54l15Bluetooth != nullptr && nrf54l15Bluetooth->isConnected();
 #endif
        if (isBleConnected) {
            auto thread = concurrency::OSThread::currentThread;
            meshtastic_LogRecord logRecord = meshtastic_LogRecord_init_zero;
            logRecord.level = getLogLevel(logLevel);
-            vsprintf(logRecord.message, format, arg);
+            vsnprintf(logRecord.message, sizeof(logRecord.message), format, arg);
            if (thread)
-                strcpy(logRecord.source, thread->ThreadName.c_str());
+                strlcpy(logRecord.source, thread->ThreadName.c_str(), sizeof(logRecord.source));
            logRecord.time = getValidTime(RTCQuality::RTCQualityDevice, true);

            auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>(new uint8_t[meshtastic_LogRecord_size]);
@@ -241,6 +243,8 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_ble(const char *logLevel, const char *format, va_
            nimbleBluetooth->sendLog(buffer.get(), size);
 #elif defined(ARCH_NRF52)
            nrf52Bluetooth->sendLog(buffer.get(), size);
+#elif defined(ARCH_NRF54L15)
+            nrf54l15Bluetooth->sendLog(buffer.get(), size);
 #endif
        }
    }
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "../freertosinc.h"
+#include "Print.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
-#include <Print.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string>

@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ static File openFile(const char *filename, bool fullAtomic)
 {
    concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
    LOG_DEBUG("Opening %s, fullAtomic=%d", filename, fullAtomic);
-#ifdef ARCH_NRF52
-    FSCom.remove(filename);
-    return FSCom.open(filename, FILE_O_WRITE);
-#endif
    if (!fullAtomic) {
        FSCom.remove(filename); // Nuke the old file to make space (ignore if it !exists)
    }
@@ -67,9 +63,6 @@ bool SafeFile::close()
    f.close();
    spiLock->unlock();

-#ifdef ARCH_NRF52
-    return true;
-#endif
    if (!testReadback())
        return false;

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ SerialConsole *console;

 void consoleInit()
 {
+    if (console) {
+        return;
+    }
    auto sc = new SerialConsole(); // Must be dynamically allocated because we are now inheriting from thread

 #if defined(SERIAL_HAS_ON_RECEIVE)
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@

  TX_LOG + RX_LOG = Total air time for a particular meshtastic channel.

-  TX_LOG + RX_LOG = Total air time for a particular meshtastic channel, including
-                    other lora radios.
+  TX_LOG + RX_ALL_LOG = Total air time for a particular meshtastic channel, including
+                        other lora radios.

  RX_ALL_LOG - RX_LOG = Other lora radios on our frequency channel.
 */
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Lock::Lock() : handle(xSemaphoreCreateBinary())
    }
 }

+Lock::~Lock()
+{
+    vSemaphoreDelete(handle);
+}
+
 void Lock::lock()
 {
    if (xSemaphoreTake(handle, portMAX_DELAY) == false) {
@@ -30,6 +35,8 @@ void Lock::unlock()
 #else
 Lock::Lock() {}

+Lock::~Lock() {}
+
 void Lock::lock() {}

 void Lock::unlock() {}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More