Merge branch 'develop' into Temp_Offset

NimbleBluetooth misc cleanups (#10264 )
* Delete unused clearNVS() (last used in commit 761804b1). * virtual methods: add 'override' to ensure we get the signature right. This is a safety net for pioarduino/NimBLE work where there's multiple similar variants of the same method (eg. onConnect) and it's easy to get the wrong one and accidentally miss a callback.
2026-10-04 19:38:11 +10:00 · 2026-04-23 13:33:43 -04:00 · 2026-04-23 09:18:41 -05:00 · 2026-04-23 06:48:43 -05:00 · 2026-04-23 06:42:05 -05:00 · 2026-04-23 06:19:05 -05:00
177 changed files with 12562 additions and 1539 deletions
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ body:
  - type: checkboxes
    id: mui
    attributes:
-      label: Is this bug report about any UI component firmware like InkHUD or Meshtatic UI (MUI)?
+      label: Is this bug report about any UI (https://meshtastic.org/docs/configuration/device-uis/) component firmware?
      options:
-        - label: Meshtastic UI aka MUI colorTFT
-        - label: InkHUD ePaper
-        - label: OLED slide UI on any display
+        - label: Meshtastic UI aka MUI
+        - label: InkHUD
+        - label: BaseUI

  - type: input
    id: version
@@ -70,6 +70,70 @@ PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) messages have special handling:
 - Accepted on a special "PKI" channel
 - Allow encrypted DMs between nodes that discovered each other on downlink-enabled channels

+## Encryption & Key Management
+
+Meshtastic packets on the air are typically encrypted one of two ways: the **per-channel symmetric** layer (AES-CTR with a shared PSK) for broadcasts and channel traffic, and the **per-peer PKI** layer (X25519 ECDH → AES-256-CCM) for direct messages and remote admin. A channel with a 0-byte PSK (or Ham mode, which wipes PSKs) transmits cleartext — see the size table below. Both are implemented in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`; the send/receive dispatch lives in `src/mesh/Router.cpp`; admin authorization lives in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`.
+
+### High-level model
+
+- **Channels** are symmetric rooms: anyone with the PSK can read any message on the channel. Channel 0 is the "primary" channel and ships with the short-form default PSK on factory devices, forming the public mesh most users join. (The LoRa modem preset `LONG_FAST` lives on `config.lora.modem_preset` and is an independent field — don't conflate "channel 0 default PSK" with the modem preset name.)
+- **DMs** addressed to a single node require PKI so that other holders of the channel PSK can't read them. Outside Ham mode, Meshtastic does not fall back to channel-symmetric encryption when the destination public key is unknown.
+- **Remote admin** is a DM carrying an `AdminMessage`. The receiver only acts on it if the sender's public key is on its allowlist (`config.security.admin_key[0..2]`).
+- **Ham mode** (`owner.is_licensed=true`, where `owner` is the local `meshtastic_User` record) disables PKI entirely and sends cleartext — FCC Part 97 prohibits encryption on amateur bands.
+- **No ratchet, no session.** Every packet is encrypted from scratch — a stateless design that matches the high-loss, store-and-forward nature of LoRa.
+
+### Symmetric channel encryption (AES-CTR)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptPacket` / `decrypt` / `encryptAESCtr` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Cipher**: AES-CTR, AES-128 or AES-256 depending on key length. Same routine in both directions (CTR is a stream cipher, so encrypt == decrypt).
+- **Key**: `ChannelSettings.psk` bytes. Size semantics:
+  - **0 bytes** → no encryption, cleartext on the air
+  - **1 byte** → short-form index into the well-known `defaultpsk[]` in `src/mesh/Channels.h`. Index 0 = cleartext; 1 = defaultpsk unchanged; 2..255 = defaultpsk with its last byte incremented by (index − 1). This is what the CLI's `--ch-set psk default` produces.
+  - **16 bytes** → raw AES-128 key
+  - **32 bytes** → raw AES-256 key
+  - **2..15 bytes** → zero-padded to 16 and used as AES-128 (with a warn log); **17..31 bytes** → zero-padded to 32 and used as AES-256 (with a warn log). Defensive fallback for malformed PSK input, not something to rely on.
+- **Nonce (128 bit)**: `packet_id` (u64 LE) ‖ `from_node` (u32 LE) ‖ `block_counter` (u32, starts at 0). Built in `CryptoEngine::initNonce`.
+- **No AEAD**: channel packets carry no MAC, so the channel-hash byte is not an integrity or authenticity check. `Channels::getHash` is a 1-byte XOR-derived hint over the channel name bytes and PSK bytes that helps receivers pick a candidate channel/PSK for decryption. Because it is only a small hint and collisions are easy to find, it should be described purely as a PSK-selection aid, not as a security filter an attacker cannot bypass.
+- **Channel 0 is special in one way only**: it's the channel the Router attempts PKI decryption on before falling through to AES-CTR. Non-zero channels always go straight to AES-CTR.
+
+### PKI encryption for DMs (X25519 ECDH + AES-256-CCM)
+
+`CryptoEngine::encryptCurve25519` / `decryptCurve25519` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
+
+- **Keypair**: Curve25519 (aka X25519), 32-byte public + 32-byte private. Stored in `config.security.public_key` / `private_key`; the public half is mirrored into `owner.public_key` so it rides along in NodeInfo broadcasts and propagates through the mesh like any other identity field.
+- **Key generation** (`generateKeyPair`): stirs `HardwareRNG::fill()` (64 B from platform TRNG when available), the 16-byte `myNodeInfo.device_id`, and a call to `random()` into the rweather/Crypto library's software RNG, then `Curve25519::dh1`. `regeneratePublicKey` recomputes the public half from a known private (used when restoring from backup).
+- **Keygen entry points**: at boot, `NodeDB` calls `generateKeyPair` (or `regeneratePublicKey` when a stored private key is present and passes a low-entropy check) **directly** when `!owner.is_licensed` and `config.lora.region != UNSET`. `ensurePkiKeys` wraps the same logic for runtime/admin flows — it's the path `AdminModule::handleSetConfig` runs when first assigning a valid region or when security config is written; **do not assume it's the universal boot-time gate**, because the NodeDB path bypasses it.
+- **Handshake**: `Curve25519::dh2(local_private, remote_public) → 32-byte shared secret → SHA-256 → 32-byte AES-256 key`. Recomputed per packet. The SHA-256 step is effectively a KDF over the raw ECDH output.
+- **Cipher**: AES-256-CCM via `aes_ccm_ae` / `aes_ccm_ad` (`src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`). MAC length (the `M` parameter) is **8 bytes**. No AAD — the MAC covers ciphertext only.
+- **Nonce (13 bytes / 104 bit)**: `aes_ccm_ae`/`aes_ccm_ad` use a 13-byte CCM nonce (`L = 2` is hardcoded in `src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`), not a 16-byte nonce. For PKI packets, `CryptoEngine::initNonce(fromNode, packetNum, extraNonce)` starts from the usual packet-derived nonce material, then overwrites nonce bytes `4..7` with a fresh 32-bit `extraNonce = random()`. The effective nonce bytes are therefore: bytes `0..3` = `packet_id`, bytes `4..7` = transmitted `extraNonce`, bytes `8..11` = `from_node`, byte `12` = `0x00`. The receiver reconstructs the same 13-byte nonce from the packet metadata plus the appended `extraNonce`.
+- **Wire overhead**: 12 bytes appended to the ciphertext = 8-byte MAC ‖ 4-byte extraNonce. Defined as `MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD = 12` in `src/mesh/RadioInterface.h`. Only the 4-byte `extraNonce` is sent; the rest of the 13-byte CCM nonce is reconstructed from packet fields as described above. The Router's send path checks this overhead against `MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN` before committing to PKI.
+- **Send selection** (`Router::send`): the sender enters the PKI path when **all** hold — we're the originator AND not Ham mode AND not Portduino simradio AND not on the `serial`/`gpio` channels (unless the packet is already marked `pki_encrypted`) AND `config.security.private_key.size == 32` AND destination is a single node (not broadcast) AND the portnum isn't infrastructure. `TRACEROUTE_APP`, `NODEINFO_APP`, `ROUTING_APP`, and `POSITION_APP` are routed through channel encryption even when DMed (these need to be readable by relaying peers). Once on the PKI path, if the destination's public key isn't in our NodeDB the send **fails** with `PKI_SEND_FAIL_PUBLIC_KEY` — it does not silently fall back to channel encryption. If the client explicitly set `pki_encrypted=true` and any condition blocks PKI, the send fails with `PKI_FAILED`.
+- **Receive selection** (`Router::perhapsDecode`): try PKI decrypt first when `channel == 0` AND `isToUs(p)` AND not broadcast AND both peers have public keys in NodeDB AND `rawSize > MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`. On success the packet gets `pki_encrypted=true` stamped and the sender's public key copied into `p->public_key` for downstream authorization.
+
+### Remote admin authorization
+
+Implemented in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp` → `handleReceivedProtobuf`. The authorization check runs in this order:
+
+1. **Response messages** — if `messageIsResponse(r)` is true (the payload is a response to one of our earlier admin requests), it's accepted without any further check. The in-file comment flags this as a known-untightened gap: a stricter implementation would remember which `public_key` we last queried and reject responses that don't match.
+2. **Local admin** — `mp.from == 0` (phone app over BLE, serial CLI, internal module); never travels over the air. **Rejected** if `config.security.is_managed` is true, because managed devices expect admin to arrive over the air through an authorized remote path.
+3. **Legacy admin channel (deprecated)** — the packet arrived on a channel named literally `"admin"`. Gated by `config.security.admin_channel_enabled`; returns `NOT_AUTHORIZED` if the flag is false. Kept for backward compatibility; new deployments should use PKI admin.
+4. **PKI admin (preferred for remote)** — `mp.pki_encrypted == true` AND `mp.public_key` matches one of `config.security.admin_key[0..2]` (up to three authorized 32-byte Curve25519 public keys, typically copied from the admin node's own `user.public_key`).
+5. **Fallthrough** → `NOT_AUTHORIZED`.
+
+On top of authorization, any remote admin message that **mutates** state (not a request, not a response) also has to pass a session-key check (`checkPassKey`): the client must first pull a fresh 8-byte `session_passkey` via `get_admin_session_key_request`, then echo that passkey back in the mutating message. The device rotates the passkey after 150 s and rejects values older than 300 s — a narrow anti-replay window on top of the PKI layer.
+
+`config.security.is_managed = true` disables **local** admin writes (`mp.from == 0` is rejected). It does not by itself force every admin action through PKI — the legacy `"admin"` channel still authorizes remote admin when `config.security.admin_channel_enabled == true`. The AdminModule refuses to persist `is_managed=true` unless at least one `admin_key` is populated — a deliberate guard against operators locking themselves out.
+
+### Key-rotation hazards (actions that invalidate peers)
+
+- **`factory_reset_device`** (the "full" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset(eraseBleBonds=true)`) → **wipes** the X25519 private key; a fresh keypair is generated on the next region-set. Every existing peer holds the old public key, so DMs to this node silently fail PKI decrypt until every peer re-exchanges NodeInfo.
+- **`factory_reset_config`** (the "partial" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset()` with `eraseBleBonds=false`) → **preserves** the X25519 private key in `installDefaultConfig(preserveKey=true)`; the public key is zeroed and gets rebuilt from the preserved private key on the next boot via the NodeDB path's `regeneratePublicKey` call. Identity is preserved and the mesh does not need to re-exchange keys.
+- **`region=UNSET → valid region`** → `ensurePkiKeys` runs inside the same `handleSetConfig` path; missing keys get generated at that moment.
+- **Ham mode transitions** — entering Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`) runs `Channels::ensureLicensedOperation`, which **wipes every channel PSK** (all traffic becomes cleartext) and disables the legacy admin channel. The X25519 private key is preserved on the device but not used because `Router::send` skips PKI when `owner.is_licensed` is true. Leaving Ham mode re-enables PKI with the preserved keypair but does not restore the wiped channel PSKs — the operator has to re-set them.
+- **Channel 0 PSK change** → every peer must re-learn the channel hash; cached NodeInfo becomes temporarily unreachable until the next broadcast.
+- **`security.private_key` blanked via admin** → regenerates both halves (unless in Ham mode) and propagates the new public key via NodeInfo.
+
 ## Project Structure

 ```
@@ -80,7 +144,7 @@ firmware/
 │   │   ├── NodeDB.*       # Node database management
 │   │   ├── Router.*       # Packet routing
 │   │   ├── Channels.*     # Channel management
-│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CCM encryption
+│   │   ├── CryptoEngine.* # AES-CTR (channels) + X25519 ECDH→AES-256-CCM (PKI for DMs/admin)
 │   │   ├── *Interface.*   # Radio interface implementations
 │   │   ├── api/           # WiFi/Ethernet server APIs (ServerAPI, PacketAPI)
 │   │   ├── http/          # HTTP server (WebServer, ContentHandler)
@@ -296,6 +360,23 @@ Key defines in variant.h:

 ## Build System

+## Agent Tooling Baseline
+
+Mirror counterpart: `AGENTS.md` under **Agent Tooling Baseline**.
+
+To reduce avoidable agent mistakes, assume these tools are available (or install them before significant repo work):
+
+- **Required CLI basics**: `bash`, `git`, `find`, `grep`, `sed`, `awk`, `xargs`
+- **Strongly recommended**: `rg` (ripgrep) for fast file/text search, `jq` for JSON processing
+- **Build/test tools**: `python3`, `pip`, virtualenv (`python3 -m venv`), `platformio` (`pio`)
+- **Containerized native testing**: `docker` (especially important on macOS / non-Linux hosts)
+
+Fallback expectations for agents:
+
+- If `rg` is unavailable, use `find` + `grep` instead of failing.
+- For native tests on hosts without Linux deps, prefer `./bin/test-native-docker.sh`.
+- The simulator helper script is `./bin/test-simulator.sh`.
+
 Uses **PlatformIO** with custom scripts:

 - `bin/platformio-pre.py` - Pre-build script
@@ -448,6 +529,8 @@ Run with: `pio test -e native`

 Simulation testing: `bin/test-simulator.sh`

+Quick entry point for new test modules: `test/README.md` (native unit-test authoring guide, skeleton, pitfalls, and setup checklist).
+
 ### Hardware-in-the-loop tests (`mcp-server/tests/`)

 Separate pytest suite that exercises real USB-connected Meshtastic devices. See the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section below for invocation, tier layout, and agent usage rules.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ CallbackObserver<MyModule, const meshtastic::Status *> statusObserver =

 Add test suite in `test/test_mymodule/`:

-```
+```text
 test/
 └── test_mymodule/
    └── test_main.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Guide for adding a new Meshtastic hardware variant to the firmware.

 Create under `variants/<arch>/<name>/`:

-```
+```text
 variants/
 ├── esp32/          # ESP32
 ├── esp32s3/        # ESP32-S3
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV_GHA_7)
+      target:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
      arch:
        type: choice
        options:
+          - all
          - esp32
          - esp32s3
          - esp32c3
@@ -15,32 +20,18 @@ on:
          - rp2040
          - rp2350
          - stm32
-      target:
-        type: string
-        required: false
-        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
-      # find-target:
-      #   type: boolean
-      #   default: true
-      #   description: 'Find the available targets'
+        description: Choose an arch to limit the search, or 'all' to search all architectures.
+        default: all

 permissions: read-all

 jobs:
  find-targets:
-    if: ${{ inputs.target == '' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
+          - all
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -51,14 +42,37 @@ jobs:
      - run: pip install -U platformio
      - name: Generate matrix
        id: jsonStep
+        env:
+          BUILDTARGET: ${{ inputs.target }}
+          MATRIXARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
        run: |
          TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level extra)
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Arch: ${{matrix.arch}}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Targets:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) |.[] | "- " + .board' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          if [ "$BUILDTARGET" = "" ]; then
+            echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Arch: $MATRIXARCH" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "## 🎯 The following target boards are available to build:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) | sort_by(.platform) |.[] | "| " + .platform + " | " + .board + " |" ' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          else
+            echo "We build this one:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            ARCH=$(echo "$TARGETS" | jq --arg BUILDTARGET "$BUILDTARGET" -r '.[] | select(.board==$BUILDTARGET) | .platform')
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| $ARCH | "$BUILDTARGET" |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            if [[ "$ARCH" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "## ❌ Error: Target "$BUILDTARGET" not found!" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            else
+              echo "## ✅ Target "$BUILDTARGET" found, proceeding to build." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            fi
+            echo "You may need to refresh this page to make the built firmware appear below." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "arch=$ARCH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+    outputs:
+      arch: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.arch }}

  version:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' }}
@@ -78,12 +92,12 @@ jobs:

  build:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' && inputs.arch != 'native' }}
-    needs: [version]
+    needs: [version, find-targets]
    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
    with:
      version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
      pio_env: ${{ inputs.target }}
-      platform: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      platform: ${{ needs.find-targets.outputs.arch }}

  gather-artifacts:
    permissions:
@@ -86,7 +86,13 @@ jobs:
        run: sed -i 's/-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME/#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME/' platformio.ini

      - name: PlatformIO Tests
-        run: platformio test -e coverage -v --junit-output-path testreport.xml
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          # Filter out SKIPPED summary rows for hardware variants that can't run on the
+          # native host. They flood the log and make it harder to spot real failures.
+          # The JUnit XML is written directly to testreport.xml before the pipe, so
+          # the test artifact is unaffected.
+          platformio test -e coverage -v --junit-output-path testreport.xml 2>&1 | grep -v "[[:space:]]SKIPPED$"

      - name: Save test results
        if: always() # run this step even if previous step failed
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ plugins:
 lint:
  enabled:
    - checkov@3.2.524
-    - renovate@43.132.1
+    - renovate@43.139.6
    - prettier@3.8.3
-    - trufflehog@3.94.3
+    - trufflehog@3.95.2
    - yamllint@1.38.0
    - bandit@1.9.4
    - trivy@0.70.0
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ lint:
    - ruff@0.15.11
    - isort@8.0.1
    - markdownlint@0.48.0
-    - oxipng@10.1.0
+    - oxipng@10.1.1
    - svgo@4.0.1
    - actionlint@1.7.12
    - flake8@7.3.0
@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ Three test-and-diagnose workflows exist as slash commands:

 Bodies live in `.claude/commands/` and `.github/prompts/` respectively. `.claude/commands/README.md` is the index.

+## Encryption at a glance
+
+Two layers, both in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`:
+
+- **Channel (symmetric)** — **AES-CTR** with a channel-wide PSK (AES-128 or AES-256). Nonce = packet_id ‖ from_node ‖ block_counter. No AEAD; integrity is soft (channel-hash filter). The well-known default PSK lives in `src/mesh/Channels.h`; a 1-byte PSK is a short-form index into it.
+- **Per-peer PKI** — **X25519 ECDH** (Curve25519, 32-byte keys) → SHA-256 → **AES-256-CCM** with an 8-byte MAC. Fresh 32-bit `extraNonce` per packet, sent in the clear alongside the MAC. 12-byte wire overhead (`MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`). Used for DMs. Also used for remote admin (`src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`), where AdminMessage authorization is gated by `config.security.admin_key[0..2]`. Disabled entirely in Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`).
+
+Key rotation to never trigger casually: only the **full** factory reset (`factory_reset_device`, `eraseBleBonds=true`) wipes `security.private_key` and regenerates the keypair — every peer holds the old public key, so DMs silently fail PKI decrypt until NodeInfo re-exchanges. The **partial** config reset (`factory_reset_config`) preserves the private key and doesn't invalidate peer relationships. Explicitly blanking `security.private_key` via admin also triggers regen. See the **Encryption & Key Management** section of `.github/copilot-instructions.md` for the full spec (nonce layout, send/receive selection logic including infrastructure-portnum exceptions, admin-key + session-passkey authorization, `is_managed` scope, key-rotation hazards).
+
 ## House rules

 - **No destructive device operations without operator approval.** `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `reboot`, `shutdown`, history-rewriting git ops — describe the action and stop. Operator authorizes.
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [HIGH, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HF: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_GNSS: [LOW, LOW, HIGH]
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins:
+    - DIO5
+    - DIO6
+  MODE_STBY:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_RX:
+    - HIGH
+    - LOW
+  MODE_TX:
+    - HIGH
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HP:
+    - LOW
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HF:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_GNSS:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_WIFI:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  # MODE_TX_HF: []
+  # MODE_GNSS: []
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# For use with Armbian luckfox-pico-max
+# Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
+# https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LoRa-SX1262
+
+Meta:
+  name: luckfox-pico-max-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-hat
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-max # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+  Module: sx1262
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  spidev: spidev0.0
+  Busy: # GPIO1_C7 / GP2
+    pin: 55
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 23
+  CS: # GPIO1_C6 / GP3
+    pin: 54
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 22
+  Reset: # GPIO1_D1 / GP15
+    pin: 57
+    gpiochip: 1
+    line: 25
+  IRQ: # GPIO2_A2 / GP20
+    pin: 66
+    gpiochip: 2
+    line: 2
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ build_flags = -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERSTRESS=1 ; exclude power stress test module from main firmware
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_GENERIC_THREAD_MODULE=1
 	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWERMON=1
-	-DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS=1
 	-D MAX_THREADS=40 ; As we've split modules, we have more threads to manage
-	-DLED_BUILTIN=-1
 	#-DBUILD_EPOCH=$UNIX_TIME ; set in platformio-custom.py now
 	#-D OLED_PL=1
 	#-D DEBUG_HEAP=1 ; uncomment to add free heap space / memory leak debugging logs
@@ -227,6 +225,8 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-sfa3x/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Sensirion I2C SCD30 packageName=sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30
 	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd30/archive/refs/tags/1.0.0.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=arduino-sht packageName=sensirion/arduino-sht
+	https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-sht/archive/refs/tags/v1.2.6.zip

 ; Environmental sensors with BSEC2 (Bosch proprietary IAQ)
 [environmental_extra]
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ const char *DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(meshtastic_Config_LoRaC
                                                         bool usePreset)
 {

-    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom"
+    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom" — callers such as RadioInterface and Channels
+    // rely on this being a stable literal for channel-name hashing and default-channel detection.
    if (!usePreset) {
        return "Custom";
    }
@@ -40,6 +40,22 @@
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && defined(BATTERY_PIN)
+#include "stm32yyxx_ll_adc.h"
+
+/* Analog read resolution */
+#if defined(LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_RESOLUTION_12B
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#elif defined(LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT)
+#define LL_ADC_RESOLUTION LL_ADC_DS_DATA_WIDTH_12_BIT
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#else
+#error "ADC resolution could not be defined!"
+#endif
+#define ADC_RANGE (1 << BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DEBUG_HEAP_MQTT) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
@@ -328,11 +344,17 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
            float scaled = 0;

            battery_adcEnable();
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ADC block for espressif platforms
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+            // STM32 ADC with VREFINT runtime calibration
+            Vref = __LL_ADC_CALC_VREFANALOG_VOLTAGE(analogRead(AVREF), LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            raw = analogRead(BATTERY_PIN);
+            scaled = __LL_ADC_CALC_DATA_TO_VOLTAGE(Vref, raw, LL_ADC_RESOLUTION);
+            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ADC block for espressif platforms
            raw = espAdcRead();
            scaled = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw, adc_characs);
            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
-#else // block for all other platforms
+#else                     // block for all other platforms
 #ifdef ARCH_NRF52
            concurrency::LockGuard saadcGuard(concurrency::nrf52SaadcLock);
 #endif
@@ -530,6 +552,11 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
    bool initial_read_done = false;
    float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
    uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    // 3300mV placeholder for STM32 errata where VREFINT factory calibration may be missing
+    // (e.g. STM32U0, see DS14756 Rev 3 §2.4.1 "VREFINT offset")
+    uint32_t Vref = 3300;
+#endif

 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && defined(HAS_RAKPROT)

@@ -639,7 +666,9 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 10
 #endif

-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32 // ESP32 needs special analog stuff
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32) // ESP32 needs special analog stuff

 #ifndef ADC_WIDTH // max resolution by default
    static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12;
@@ -649,7 +678,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #ifndef BAT_MEASURE_ADC_UNIT // ADC1
    adc1_config_width(width);
    adc1_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
-#else // ADC2
+#else                        // ADC2
    adc2_config_channel_atten(adc_channel, atten);
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
    // ADC2 wifi bug workaround
@@ -679,7 +708,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()

    // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform

-#ifndef ARCH_ESP32
+#if !defined(ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
 #endif

@@ -717,37 +746,17 @@ bool Power::setup()
        found = true;
 #endif
    }
-#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
-    attachInterrupt(
-        EXT_PWR_DETECT,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
-#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
-    attachInterrupt(
-        BATTERY_CHARGING_INV,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
-#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
-    attachInterrupt(
-        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
-        []() {
-            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
-            runASAP = true;
-            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
-        },
-        CHANGE);
-#endif
+    attachPowerInterrupts();
    enabled = found;
    low_voltage_counter = 0;

+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+    // Register callbacks for before and after lightsleep
+    // Used to detach and reattach interrupts
+    lsObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleep);
+    lsEndObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleepEnd);
+#endif
+
    return found;
 }

@@ -1026,6 +1035,97 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
    return (statusHandler && statusHandler->isInitialized()) ? (1000 * 20) : RUN_SAME;
 }

+#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
+
+// Detach our class' interrupts before lightsleep
+// Allows sleep.cpp to configure its own interrupts, which wake the device on user-button press
+int Power::beforeLightSleep(void *unused)
+{
+    LOG_WARN("Detaching power interrupts for sleep");
+    detachPowerInterrupts();
+    return 0; // Indicates success
+}
+
+// Reconfigure our interrupts
+// Our class' interrupts were disconnected during sleep, to allow the user button to wake the device from sleep
+int Power::afterLightSleep(esp_sleep_wakeup_cause_t cause)
+{
+    attachPowerInterrupts();
+    return 0; // Indicates success
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Attach (or re-attach) hardware interrupts for power management
+ * Public method. Used outside class when waking from MCU sleep
+ */
+void Power::attachPowerInterrupts()
+{
+#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_PWR_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
+    attachInterrupt(
+        BATTERY_CHARGING_INV,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef PMU_IRQ
+    if (PMU) {
+        attachInterrupt(
+            PMU_IRQ,
+            [] {
+                pmu_irq = true;
+                power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+                runASAP = true;
+            },
+            FALLING);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Detach the "normal" button interrupts.
+ * Public method. Used before attaching a "wake-on-button" interrupt for MCU sleep
+ */
+void Power::detachPowerInterrupts()
+{
+#ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
+    detachInterrupt(EXT_PWR_DETECT);
+#endif
+#ifdef BATTERY_CHARGING_INV
+    detachInterrupt(BATTERY_CHARGING_INV);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    detachInterrupt(EXT_CHRG_DETECT);
+#endif
+#ifdef PMU_IRQ
+    if (PMU) {
+        detachInterrupt(PMU_IRQ);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 /**
 * Init the power manager chip
 *
@@ -1303,8 +1403,6 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
    }

    pinMode(PMU_IRQ, INPUT);
-    attachInterrupt(
-        PMU_IRQ, [] { pmu_irq = true; }, FALLING);

    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ
    // because it occurs repeatedly while there is no battery also it could cause
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| %02d:%02d:%02d %u.%03u ", hour, min, sec, millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void RedirectablePrint::log_to_serial(const char *logLevel, const char *format,
        if (color) {
            ::printf("\u001b[0m");
        }
-        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u ", millis() / 1000);
+        ::printf("| ??:??:?? %u.%03u ", millis() / 1000, millis() % 1000);
 #else
        printf("%s ", logLevel);
        if (color) {
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ SerialConsole *console;

 void consoleInit()
 {
+    if (console) {
+        return;
+    }
    auto sc = new SerialConsole(); // Must be dynamically allocated because we are now inheriting from thread

 #if defined(SERIAL_HAS_ON_RECEIVE)
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 // Configuration
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

+// Pre-hop drop handling (compile-time flag).
+#ifndef MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+#define MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP 0
+#endif
+
 /// Convert a preprocessor name into a quoted string
 #define xstr(s) ystr(s)
 #define ystr(s) #s
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define BME_ADDR 0x76
 #define BME_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x77
 #define MCP9808_ADDR 0x18
-#define INA_ADDR 0x40
+#define INA_ADDR 0x40 // same as SHT2X
 #define INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE 0x41
 #define INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS 0x43
 #define INA3221_ADDR 0x42
@@ -239,8 +244,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR 0x5C
 #define LPS22HB_ADDR_ALT 0x5D
 #define SFA30_ADDR 0x5D
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR 0x44
-#define SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT 0x45
+#define SHTXX_ADDR 0x44
+#define SHTXX_ADDR_ALT 0x45
 #define PMSA003I_ADDR 0x12
 #define QMA6100P_ADDR 0x12
 #define AHT10_ADDR 0x38
@@ -510,6 +515,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REMOTEHARDWARE 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STOREFORWARD 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TEXTMESSAGE 1
+#define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ATAK 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_CANNEDMESSAGES 1
 #define MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_NEIGHBORINFO 1
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class ScanI2C
        SHT31,
        SHT4X,
        SHTC3,
+        SHTXX,
        LPS22HB,
        QMC6310U,
        QMC6310N,
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ bool ScanI2CTwoWire::i2cCommandResponseLength(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress addr, uint1
    return match;
 }

-/// for SEN5X detection
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
+// FIXME Move to a separate file for detection of sensors that require more complex interactions?
+// For SEN5X detection
 // Note, this code needs to be called before setting the I2C bus speed
 // for the screen at high speed. The speed needs to be at 100kHz, otherwise
 // detection will not work
@@ -174,6 +176,46 @@ String readSEN5xProductName(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)

    return String(productName);
 }
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+bool detectSHT21SerialNumber(TwoWire *i2cBus, uint8_t address)
+{
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFA);
+    i2cBus->write(0x0F);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)8) != 8)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 8) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    i2cBus->beginTransmission(address);
+    i2cBus->write(0xFC);
+    i2cBus->write(0xC9);
+
+    if (i2cBus->endTransmission() != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (i2cBus->requestFrom(address, (uint8_t)6) != 6)
+        return false;
+
+    // Just flush the data
+    while (i2cBus->available() < 6) {
+        i2cBus->read();
+    }
+
+    // Assume we detect the SHT21 if something came back from the request
+    return true;
+}
+#endif

 #define SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(ADDR, T, ...)                                                                                           \
    case ADDR:                                                                                                                   \
@@ -371,7 +413,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                break;
 #endif
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
-            case INA_ADDR:
+            case INA_ADDR: // Same as SHT2X
            case INA_ADDR_ALTERNATE:
            case INA_ADDR_WAVESHARE_UPS:
                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFE), 2);
@@ -387,7 +429,12 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                        logFoundDevice("INA260", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                        type = INA260;
                    }
-                } else { // Assume INA219 if INA260 ID is not found
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
+                } else if (detectSHT21SerialNumber(i2cBus, (uint8_t)addr.address)) {
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX (SHT2X)", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                    type = SHTXX;
+#endif
+                } else { // Assume INA219 if none of the above ones are found
                    logFoundDevice("INA219", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                    type = INA219;
                }
@@ -448,22 +495,19 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                    }
                    break;
                }
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
-            case SHT31_4x_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
+            case SHTXX_ADDR:     // same as OPT3001_ADDR_ALT
+            case SHTXX_ADDR_ALT: // same as OPT3001_ADDR
                if (getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0x7E), 2) == 0x5449) {
                    type = OPT3001;
                    logFoundDevice("OPT3001", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else if (i2cCommandResponseLength(addr, 0x89, 6)) { // SHT4x serial number (6 bytes inc. CRC)
-                    type = SHT4X;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT4X", (uint8_t)addr.address);
-                } else {
-                    type = SHT31;
-                    logFoundDevice("SHT31", (uint8_t)addr.address);
+                } else { // SHTXX
+                    type = SHTXX;
+                    logFoundDevice("SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                }

                break;

-                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTC3, "SHTC3", (uint8_t)addr.address)
+                SCAN_SIMPLE_CASE(SHTC3_ADDR, SHTXX, "SHTXX", (uint8_t)addr.address)
            case RCWL9620_ADDR:
                // get MAX30102 PARTID
                registerValue = getRegisterValue(ScanI2CTwoWire::RegisterLocation(addr, 0xFF), 1);
@@ -699,6 +743,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                    logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
                    break;
                } else {
+#if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR
                    String prod = "";
                    prod = readSEN5xProductName(i2cBus, addr.address);
                    if (prod.startsWith("SEN55")) {
@@ -714,6 +759,7 @@ void ScanI2CTwoWire::scanPort(I2CPort port, uint8_t *address, uint8_t asize)
                        logFoundDevice("Sensirion SEN50", addr.address);
                        break;
                    }
+#endif
                    if (addr.address == BMX160_ADDR) {
                        type = BMX160;
                        logFoundDevice("BMX160", (uint8_t)addr.address);
@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ static int32_t gpsSwitch()
    if (gps) {
        int currentState = digitalRead(PIN_GPS_SWITCH);

+        // Respect explicit NOT_PRESENT mode and do not let the hardware switch re-enable GPS.
+        if (config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            gps->disable();
+            lastState = currentState;
+            firstrun = false;
+            return 1000;
+        }
+
        // if the switch is set to zero, disable the GPS Thread
        if (firstrun)
            if (currentState == LOW)
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh-pb-constants.h"
 #include "mesh/Channels.h"
+#include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/deviceonly.pb.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
 #include "modules/TextMessageModule.h"
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ namespace graphics

 // This means the *visible* area (sh1106 can address 132, but shows 128 for example)
 #define IDLE_FRAMERATE 1 // in fps
+#define COMPASS_ACTIVE_FRAMERATE 20

 // DEBUG
 #define NUM_EXTRA_FRAMES 3 // text message and debug frame
@@ -135,6 +137,60 @@ static bool heartbeat = false;

 extern bool hasUnreadMessage;

+static inline float wrapHeading360(float heading)
+{
+    if (heading < 0.0f) {
+        heading += 360.0f;
+    } else if (heading >= 360.0f) {
+        heading -= 360.0f;
+    }
+    return heading;
+}
+
+void Screen::setHeading(float heading)
+{
+    const float wrappedHeading = wrapHeading360(heading);
+
+    if (!hasCompass) {
+        hasCompass = true;
+        compassHeading = wrappedHeading;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Interpolate using shortest-path angular delta to avoid jumps around 0/360.
+    float delta = wrappedHeading - compassHeading;
+    if (delta > 180.0f) {
+        delta -= 360.0f;
+    } else if (delta < -180.0f) {
+        delta += 360.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Adaptive filtering:
+    // - Strong damping for tiny deltas (jitter)
+    // - Faster response for larger turns
+    const float absDelta = (delta >= 0.0f) ? delta : -delta;
+    if (absDelta < 1.0f) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float alpha = 0.35f;
+    if (absDelta > 25.0f) {
+        alpha = 0.85f;
+    } else if (absDelta > 10.0f) {
+        alpha = 0.65f;
+    }
+
+    float step = delta * alpha;
+    const float maxStep = 12.0f;
+    if (step > maxStep) {
+        step = maxStep;
+    } else if (step < -maxStep) {
+        step = -maxStep;
+    }
+
+    compassHeading = wrapHeading360(compassHeading + step);
+}
+
 // ==============================
 // Overlay Alert Banner Renderer
 // ==============================
@@ -220,6 +276,42 @@ void Screen::showNumberPicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, uint8_t
    ui->update();
 }

+void Screen::showSignedDecimalPicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, int initialValueTenths, int minValueTenths,
+                                     int maxValueTenths, std::function<void(int)> bannerCallback)
+{
+#ifdef USE_EINK
+    EINK_ADD_FRAMEFLAG(dispdev, DEMAND_FAST); // Skip full refresh for all overlay menus
+#endif
+    if (minValueTenths > maxValueTenths) {
+        int temp = minValueTenths;
+        minValueTenths = maxValueTenths;
+        maxValueTenths = temp;
+    }
+
+    if (initialValueTenths < minValueTenths) {
+        initialValueTenths = minValueTenths;
+    } else if (initialValueTenths > maxValueTenths) {
+        initialValueTenths = maxValueTenths;
+    }
+
+    strncpy(NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage, message, 255);
+    NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage[255] = '\0'; // Ensure null termination
+    NotificationRenderer::alertBannerUntil = (durationMs == 0) ? 0 : millis() + durationMs;
+    NotificationRenderer::alertBannerCallback = bannerCallback;
+    NotificationRenderer::pauseBanner = false;
+    NotificationRenderer::curSelected = 0;
+    NotificationRenderer::current_notification_type = notificationTypeEnum::signed_decimal_picker;
+    NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalValueTenths = static_cast<int16_t>(initialValueTenths);
+    NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalMinTenths = static_cast<int16_t>(minValueTenths);
+    NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalMaxTenths = static_cast<int16_t>(maxValueTenths);
+    NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalIsNegative = (initialValueTenths < 0);
+
+    static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
+    ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));
+    ui->setTargetFPS(60);
+    ui->update();
+}
+
 void Screen::showTextInput(const char *header, const char *initialText, uint32_t durationMs,
                           std::function<void(const std::string &)> textCallback)
 {
@@ -272,10 +364,25 @@ static void drawModuleFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int
 float Screen::estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
 {
    static double oldLat, oldLon;
-    static float b;
+    static float b = -1.0f;
+    static uint32_t lastHeadingAtMs = 0;
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    const uint32_t gpsUpdateIntervalSecs =
+        Default::getConfiguredOrDefault(config.position.gps_update_interval, default_gps_update_interval);
+    uint32_t effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs = gpsUpdateIntervalSecs;
+    if (config.position.position_broadcast_smart_enabled) {
+        const uint32_t smartMinIntervalSecs = Default::getConfiguredOrDefault(
+            config.position.broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs, default_broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs);
+        if (smartMinIntervalSecs > effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs) {
+            effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs = smartMinIntervalSecs;
+        }
+    }
+    // Two expected update windows; keep arithmetic 32-bit to avoid pulling in larger 64-bit helpers.
+    const uint32_t headingStaleMs =
+        (effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs > (UINT32_MAX / 2000U)) ? UINT32_MAX : (effectiveUpdateIntervalSecs * 2000U);

    if (oldLat == 0) {
-        // just prepare for next time
+        // Need at least two position points before we can infer heading.
        oldLat = lat;
        oldLon = lon;

@@ -283,12 +390,20 @@ float Screen::estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
    }

    float d = GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(oldLat, oldLon, lat, lon);
-    if (d < 10) // haven't moved enough, just keep current bearing
+    if (d < 10) { // haven't moved enough, keep previous heading (invalid until first real movement)
+        if (lastHeadingAtMs != 0 && (now - lastHeadingAtMs) >= headingStaleMs) {
+            // Heading is stale after prolonged no-movement; force reacquire.
+            b = -1.0f;
+            oldLat = lat;
+            oldLon = lon;
+        }
        return b;
+    }

    b = GeoCoord::bearing(oldLat, oldLon, lat, lon) * RAD_TO_DEG;
    oldLat = lat;
    oldLon = lon;
+    lastHeadingAtMs = now;

    return b;
 }
@@ -923,9 +1038,22 @@ int32_t Screen::runOnce()
    // but we should only call setTargetFPS when framestate changes, because
    // otherwise that breaks animations.

-    if (targetFramerate != IDLE_FRAMERATE && ui->getUiState()->frameState == FIXED) {
+    uint32_t desiredFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
+#if HAS_GPS && !defined(USE_EINK)
+    if (showingNormalScreen && hasCompass) {
+        const uint8_t currentFrame = ui->getUiState()->currentFrame;
+        if ((framesetInfo.positions.gps != 255 && currentFrame == framesetInfo.positions.gps) ||
+            (framesetInfo.positions.waypoint != 255 && currentFrame == framesetInfo.positions.waypoint) ||
+            (framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite != 255 && currentFrame >= framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite &&
+             currentFrame <= framesetInfo.positions.lastFavorite)) {
+            desiredFramerate = COMPASS_ACTIVE_FRAMERATE;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (targetFramerate != desiredFramerate && ui->getUiState()->frameState == FIXED) {
        // oldFrameState = ui->getUiState()->frameState;
-        targetFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
+        targetFramerate = desiredFramerate;

        ui->setTargetFPS(targetFramerate);
        forceDisplay();
@@ -1177,6 +1305,8 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
                fsi.positions.focusedModule = numframes;
            if (m && m == waypointModule)
                fsi.positions.waypoint = numframes;
+            if (m && strcmp(m->getName(), "EnvironmentTelemetry") == 0)
+                fsi.positions.environment = numframes;

            indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_module);
            numframes++;
@@ -1197,7 +1327,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
        for (size_t i = 0; i < nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes(); i++) {
            const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *n = nodeDB->getMeshNodeByIndex(i);
            if (n && n->num != nodeDB->getNodeNum() && n->is_favorite) {
-                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo);
+                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode);
            }
        }

@@ -1226,7 +1356,7 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
    static OverlayCallback overlays[] = {graphics::UIRenderer::drawNavigationBar, NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback};
    ui->setOverlays(overlays, sizeof(overlays) / sizeof(overlays[0]));

-    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawNodeInfo to pick a new node (because our list just changed)
+    prevFrame = -1; // Force drawFavoriteNode to pick a new node (because our list just changed)

    // Focus on a specific frame, in the frame set we just created
    switch (focus) {
@@ -1890,6 +2020,8 @@ int Screen::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
                            menuHandler::textMessageBaseMenu();
                        }
                    }
+                } else if (this->ui->getUiState()->currentFrame == framesetInfo.positions.environment) {
+                    menuHandler::environmentTelemetryBaseMenu();
                } else if (framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite != 255 &&
                           this->ui->getUiState()->currentFrame >= framesetInfo.positions.firstFavorite &&
                           this->ui->getUiState()->currentFrame <= framesetInfo.positions.lastFavorite) {
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #define getStringCenteredX(s) ((SCREEN_WIDTH - display->getStringWidth(s)) / 2)
 namespace graphics
 {
-enum notificationTypeEnum { none, text_banner, selection_picker, node_picker, number_picker, text_input };
+enum notificationTypeEnum { none, text_banner, selection_picker, node_picker, number_picker, signed_decimal_picker, text_input };

 struct BannerOverlayOptions {
    const char *message;
@@ -312,6 +312,8 @@ class Screen : public concurrency::OSThread

    void showNodePicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, std::function<void(uint32_t)> bannerCallback);
    void showNumberPicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, uint8_t digits, std::function<void(uint32_t)> bannerCallback);
+    void showSignedDecimalPicker(const char *message, uint32_t durationMs, int initialValueTenths, int minValueTenths,
+                                 int maxValueTenths, std::function<void(int)> bannerCallback);
    void showTextInput(const char *header, const char *initialText, uint32_t durationMs,
                       std::function<void(const std::string &)> textCallback);

@@ -330,15 +332,11 @@ class Screen : public concurrency::OSThread

    // Function to allow the AccelerometerThread to set the heading if a sensor provides it
    // Mutex needed?
-    void setHeading(long _heading)
-    {
-        hasCompass = true;
-        compassHeading = fmod(_heading, 360);
-    }
+    void setHeading(float heading);

    bool hasHeading() { return hasCompass; }

-    long getHeading() { return compassHeading; }
+    float getHeading() { return compassHeading; }

    void setEndCalibration(uint32_t _endCalibrationAt) { endCalibrationAt = _endCalibrationAt; }
    uint32_t getEndCalibration() { return endCalibrationAt; }
@@ -711,6 +709,7 @@ class Screen : public concurrency::OSThread
            uint8_t firstFavorite = 255;
            uint8_t lastFavorite = 255;
            uint8_t lora = 255;
+            uint8_t environment = 255;
        } positions;

        uint8_t frameCount = 0;
@@ -792,4 +791,4 @@ extern std::vector<std::string> functionSymbol;
 extern std::string functionSymbolString;
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -1254,14 +1254,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)

        // Did we find a pixel that needs updating on this row?
        if (x_FirstPixelUpdate < displayWidth) {
+            // Align the first pixel for update to an even number so the total alignment of
+            // the data will be at 32-bit boundary, which is required by GDMA SPI transfers.
+            x_FirstPixelUpdate &= ~1;

-            // Quickly write out the first changed pixel (saves another array lookup)
-            linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;
-            x_LastPixelUpdate = x_FirstPixelUpdate;
-
-            // Step 3: copy all remaining pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
-            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating
-            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1; x < displayWidth; x++) {
+            // Step 3a: copy rest of the pixels in this row into the pixel line buffer,
+            // while also recording the last pixel in the row that needs updating.
+            // Since the first changed pixel will be looked up, the x_LastPixelUpdate will be set.
+            for (x = x_FirstPixelUpdate; x < displayWidth; x++) {
                isset = buffer[x + y_byteIndex] & y_byteMask;
                linePixelBuffer[x] = isset ? colorTftMesh : colorTftBlack;

@@ -1274,6 +1274,14 @@ void TFTDisplay::display(bool fromBlank)
                    x_LastPixelUpdate = x;
                }
            }
+            // Step 3b: Round up the last pixel to odd number to maintain 32-bit alignment for SPIs.
+            // Most displays will have even number of pixels in a row -- this will be in bounds
+            // of the displayWidth. (Hopefully odd displays will just ignore that extra pixel.)
+            x_LastPixelUpdate |= 1;
+            // Ensure the last pixel index does not exceed the display width.
+            if (x_LastPixelUpdate >= displayWidth) {
+                x_LastPixelUpdate = displayWidth - 1;
+            }
 #if defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
            tft->draw16bitBeRGBBitmap(x_FirstPixelUpdate, y, &linePixelBuffer[x_FirstPixelUpdate],
                                      (x_LastPixelUpdate - x_FirstPixelUpdate + 1), 1);
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #if HAS_SCREEN
 #include "CompassRenderer.h"
-#include "NodeDB.h"
-#include "UIRenderer.h"
-#include "configuration.h"
-#include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include "graphics/SharedUIDisplay.h"
 #include <cmath>
@@ -21,8 +17,8 @@ struct Point {

    void rotate(float angle)
    {
-        float cos_a = cos(angle);
-        float sin_a = sin(angle);
+        float cos_a = cosf(angle);
+        float sin_a = sinf(angle);
        float new_x = x * cos_a - y * sin_a;
        float new_y = x * sin_a + y * cos_a;
        x = new_x;
@@ -51,21 +47,30 @@ void drawCompassNorth(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY,
    if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
        radius += 4;
    }
-    Point north(0, -radius);
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-        north.rotate(-myHeading);
-    north.translate(compassX, compassY);
+    float northX = 0.0f;
+    float northY = -radius;
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING) {
+        const float c = cosf(-myHeading);
+        const float s = sinf(-myHeading);
+        const float rx = northX * c - northY * s;
+        const float ry = northX * s + northY * c;
+        northX = rx;
+        northY = ry;
+    }
+    northX += compassX;
+    northY += compassY;

    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
    display->setColor(BLACK);
+    const int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N");
    if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
-        display->fillRect(north.x - 8, north.y - 1, display->getStringWidth("N") + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(northX - 8, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 3, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
    } else {
-        display->fillRect(north.x - 4, north.y - 1, display->getStringWidth("N") + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
+        display->fillRect(northX - 4, northY - 1, nLabelWidth + 2, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 6);
    }
    display->setColor(WHITE);
-    display->drawString(north.x, north.y - 3, "N");
+    display->drawString(northX, northY - 3, "N");
 }

 void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, uint16_t compassDiam, float headingRadian)
@@ -113,11 +118,46 @@ void drawArrowToNode(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t size, f
    display->fillTriangle(tip.x, tip.y, right.x, right.y, tail.x, tail.y);
 }

-float estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon)
+bool getHeadingRadians(double lat, double lon, float &headingRadian)
 {
-    // Simple magnetic declination estimation
-    // This is a very basic implementation - the original might be more sophisticated
-    return 0.0f; // Return 0 for now, indicating no heading available
+    headingRadian = 0.0f;
+
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
+        return true;
+
+    if (!screen)
+        return false;
+
+    if (screen->hasHeading()) {
+        headingRadian = screen->getHeading() * DEG_TO_RAD;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const float estimatedHeadingDeg = screen->estimatedHeading(lat, lon);
+    if (!(estimatedHeadingDeg >= 0.0f))
+        return false;
+
+    headingRadian = estimatedHeadingDeg * DEG_TO_RAD;
+    return true;
+}
+
+float adjustBearingForCompassMode(float bearingRadian, float headingRadian)
+{
+    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+        return bearingRadian - headingRadian;
+
+    return bearingRadian;
+}
+
+float radiansToDegrees360(float angleRadian)
+{
+    constexpr float fullTurnDeg = 360.0f;
+    float degrees = angleRadian * RAD_TO_DEG;
+    if (degrees < 0.0f)
+        degrees += fullTurnDeg;
+    else if (degrees >= fullTurnDeg)
+        degrees -= fullTurnDeg;
+    return degrees;
 }

 uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight)
@@ -137,4 +177,4 @@ uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight)

 } // namespace CompassRenderer
 } // namespace graphics
-#endif
+#endif
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
-#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
 #include <OLEDDisplayUi.h>

@@ -25,7 +24,9 @@ void drawNodeHeading(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, u
 void drawArrowToNode(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t size, float bearing);

 // Navigation and location functions
-float estimatedHeading(double lat, double lon);
+bool getHeadingRadians(double lat, double lon, float &headingRadian);
+float adjustBearingForCompassMode(float bearingRadian, float headingRadian);
+float radiansToDegrees360(float angleRadian);
 uint16_t getCompassDiam(uint32_t displayWidth, uint32_t displayHeight);

 } // namespace CompassRenderer
@@ -408,7 +408,16 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
    display->drawString(nameX, getTextPositions(display)[line++], device_role);

    // === Third Row: Radio Preset ===
-    auto mode = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset);
+    // For custom modem settings show the actual parameters; for presets use the preset name.
+    char modeStr[16];
+    if (!config.lora.use_preset) {
+        snprintf(modeStr, sizeof(modeStr), "BW%u-SF%u-CR%u", static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.bandwidth),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.spread_factor), static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.coding_rate));
+    } else {
+        strncpy(modeStr, DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, true),
+                sizeof(modeStr) - 1);
+        modeStr[sizeof(modeStr) - 1] = '\0';
+    }

    char regionradiopreset[25];
    const char *region = myRegion ? myRegion->name : NULL;
@@ -416,7 +425,7 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
        if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s", region);
        } else {
-            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, mode);
+            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, modeStr);
        }
    }
    textWidth = display->getStringWidth(regionradiopreset);
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/MeshTypes.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"
 #include "modules/AdminModule.h"
 #include "modules/CannedMessageModule.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>

@@ -56,6 +58,32 @@ BannerOverlayOptions createStaticBannerOptions(const char *message, const MenuOp
    return bannerOptions;
 }

+constexpr float kTemperatureOffsetMinC = -20.0f;
+constexpr float kTemperatureOffsetMaxC = 20.0f;
+constexpr float kTemperatureOffsetDeltaFPerC = 1.8f;
+
+bool useImperialTemperatureOffsetUnits()
+{
+    return config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL ||
+           moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_display_fahrenheit;
+}
+
+float clampTemperatureOffsetC(float offsetC)
+{
+    if (offsetC < kTemperatureOffsetMinC) {
+        return kTemperatureOffsetMinC;
+    }
+    if (offsetC > kTemperatureOffsetMaxC) {
+        return kTemperatureOffsetMaxC;
+    }
+    return offsetC;
+}
+
+int toTenthsRounded(float value)
+{
+    return (value >= 0.0f) ? static_cast<int>(value * 10.0f + 0.5f) : static_cast<int>(value * 10.0f - 0.5f);
+}
+
 } // namespace

 menuHandler::screenMenus menuHandler::menuQueue = MenuNone;
@@ -159,31 +187,22 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
                return;
            }

+            // Guard: without a reboot, reconfigure() applies the region directly.
+            // Reject LORA_24 on sub-GHz-only hardware — getRadio() used to catch this post-reboot.
+            // TODO: change this to either use the validateLoraConfig() logic or at least check the region for wideLora
+            // rather than a hardcoded check for LORA_24.
+            if (selectedRegion == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24 &&
+                !(RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora())) {
+                LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; ignoring region selection");
+                return;
+            }
+
            config.lora.region = selectedRegion;
            auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

-        // FIXME: This should be a method consolidated with the same logic in the admin message as well
-        // This is needed as we wait til picking the LoRa region to generate keys for the first time.
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    // public key is derived from private, so this will always have the same result.
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
+            if (crypto) {
+                crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
            }
 #endif
            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
@@ -199,7 +218,6 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
            }

            service->reloadConfig(changes);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    bannerOptions.durationMs = duration;
@@ -265,13 +283,24 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
    optionsEnumArray[options++] = 0;

    // Calculate number of channels (copied from RadioInterface::applyModemConfig())
+
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
    double bw = loraConfig.use_preset ? modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora)
                                      : bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);

    uint32_t numChannels = 0;
    if (myRegion) {
-        numChannels = (uint32_t)floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000.0)));
+        // Match RadioInterface::applyModemConfig(): include padding, add spacing in numerator, and use round()
+        const double spacing = myRegion->profile->spacing;
+        const double padding = myRegion->profile->padding;
+        const double channelBandwidthMHz = bw / 1000.0;
+        const double numerator = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) + spacing;
+        const double denominator = spacing + (padding * 2) + channelBandwidthMHz;
+        if (denominator > 0.0) {
+            numChannels = static_cast<uint32_t>(round(numerator / denominator));
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid region configuration: non-positive channel spacing/width");
+        }
    } else {
        LOG_WARN("Region not set, cannot calculate number of channels");
        return;
@@ -307,7 +336,6 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()

        config.lora.channel_num = selected;
        service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-        rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
    };

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -346,7 +374,6 @@ void menuHandler::radioPresetPicker()
            config.lora.channel_num = 0;        // Reset to default channel for the preset
            config.lora.override_frequency = 0; // Clear any custom frequency
            service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -1008,6 +1035,52 @@ void menuHandler::textMessageMenu()
    cannedMessageModule->LaunchWithDestination(NODENUM_BROADCAST);
 }

+void menuHandler::environmentTelemetryBaseMenu()
+{
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back, SetTempOffset };
+
+    static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Set Temp Offset"};
+    static int optionsEnumArray[] = {Back, SetTempOffset};
+
+    BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
+    bannerOptions.message = "Env Actions";
+    bannerOptions.optionsArrayPtr = optionsArray;
+    bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
+    bannerOptions.optionsCount = 2;
+    bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
+        if (selected == SetTempOffset) {
+            menuQueue = EnvironmentTempOffsetPicker;
+            screen->runNow();
+        }
+    };
+    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
+}
+
+void menuHandler::environmentTemperatureOffsetPicker()
+{
+    static char pickerTitle[40];
+
+    const bool useImperial = useImperialTemperatureOffsetUnits();
+    const char displayUnit = useImperial ? 'F' : 'C';
+    const float currentOffsetC = clampTemperatureOffsetC(moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_temperature_offset_c);
+    const float displayOffset = useImperial ? (currentOffsetC * kTemperatureOffsetDeltaFPerC) : currentOffsetC;
+    const float minDisplay = useImperial ? (kTemperatureOffsetMinC * kTemperatureOffsetDeltaFPerC) : kTemperatureOffsetMinC;
+    const float maxDisplay = useImperial ? (kTemperatureOffsetMaxC * kTemperatureOffsetDeltaFPerC) : kTemperatureOffsetMaxC;
+
+    snprintf(pickerTitle, sizeof(pickerTitle), "Set Temp Offset (%c)", displayUnit);
+    screen->showSignedDecimalPicker(pickerTitle, 60000, toTenthsRounded(displayOffset), toTenthsRounded(minDisplay),
+                                    toTenthsRounded(maxDisplay), [useImperial](int pickedTenths) -> void {
+                                        float selectedOffset = static_cast<float>(pickedTenths) / 10.0f;
+                                        if (useImperial) {
+                                            selectedOffset /= kTemperatureOffsetDeltaFPerC;
+                                        }
+
+                                        moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_temperature_offset_c =
+                                            clampTemperatureOffsetC(selectedOffset);
+                                        nodeDB->saveToDisk(SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG);
+                                    });
+}
+
 void menuHandler::textMessageBaseMenu()
 {
    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Preset, Freetext, enumEnd };
@@ -2217,9 +2290,6 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()
    static int optionsEnumArray[5] = {Back};
    int options = 1;

-    optionsArray[options] = "Number Picker";
-    optionsEnumArray[options++] = NumberPicker;
-
    optionsArray[options] = screen->isFrameHidden("chirpy") ? "Show Chirpy" : "Hide Chirpy";
    optionsEnumArray[options++] = ShowChirpy;
 #ifdef HAS_I2S
@@ -2233,10 +2303,7 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()
    bannerOptions.optionsCount = options;
    bannerOptions.optionsEnumPtr = optionsEnumArray;
    bannerOptions.bannerCallback = [](int selected) -> void {
-        if (selected == NumberPicker) {
-            menuQueue = NumberTest;
-            screen->runNow();
-        } else if (selected == ShowChirpy) {
+        if (selected == ShowChirpy) {
            screen->toggleFrameVisibility("chirpy");
            screen->setFrames(Screen::FOCUS_SYSTEM);

@@ -2252,12 +2319,6 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()
    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }

-void menuHandler::numberTest()
-{
-    screen->showNumberPicker("Pick a number\n ", 30000, 4,
-                             [](int number_picked) -> void { LOG_WARN("Nodenum: %u", number_picked); });
-}
-
 void menuHandler::wifiBaseMenu()
 {
    enum optionsNumbers { Back, Wifi_toggle };
@@ -2753,8 +2814,8 @@ void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
    case TestMenu:
        testMenu();
        break;
-    case NumberTest:
-        numberTest();
+    case EnvironmentTempOffsetPicker:
+        environmentTemperatureOffsetPicker();
        break;
    case WifiToggleMenu:
        wifiToggleMenu();
@@ -2809,4 +2870,4 @@ void menuHandler::saveUIConfig()

 } // namespace graphics

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class menuHandler
        ManageNodeMenu,
        RemoveFavorite,
        TestMenu,
-        NumberTest,
+        EnvironmentTempOffsetPicker,
        WifiToggleMenu,
        BluetoothToggleMenu,
        ScreenOptionsMenu,
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class menuHandler
    static void deleteMessagesMenu();
    static void homeBaseMenu();
    static void textMessageBaseMenu();
+    static void environmentTelemetryBaseMenu();
    static void systemBaseMenu();
    static void favoriteBaseMenu();
    static void positionBaseMenu();
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class menuHandler
    static void removeFavoriteMenu();
    static void traceRouteMenu();
    static void testMenu();
-    static void numberTest();
+    static void environmentTemperatureOffsetPicker();
    static void wifiBaseMenu();
    static void wifiToggleMenu();
    static void screenOptionsMenu();
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "CompassRenderer.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h" // for getTime() function
@@ -92,8 +95,41 @@ std::string getSafeNodeName(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node,

    // 1) Choose target candidate (long vs short) only if present
    const char *raw = nullptr;
-    if (node && node->has_user) {
-        raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // If long-name mode is enabled, and we have a recent status for this node,
+    // prefer "(short_name) statusText" as the raw candidate.
+    std::string composedFromStatus;
+    if (config.display.use_long_node_name && node && node->has_user && statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            const char *shortName = node->user.short_name;
+            composedFromStatus.reserve(4 + (shortName ? std::strlen(shortName) : 0) + 1 + found->statusText.size());
+            composedFromStatus += "(";
+            if (shortName && *shortName) {
+                composedFromStatus += shortName;
+            }
+            composedFromStatus += ") ";
+            composedFromStatus += found->statusText;
+
+            raw = composedFromStatus.c_str(); // safe for now; we'll sanitize immediately into std::string
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // If we didn't compose from status, use normal long/short selection
+    if (!raw) {
+        if (node && node->has_user) {
+            raw = config.display.use_long_node_name ? node->user.long_name : node->user.short_name;
+        }
    }

    // 2) Preserve UTF-8 names so emotes can be detected and rendered.
@@ -239,9 +275,12 @@ void drawEntryHopSignal(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int

    int nameMaxWidth = getNodeNameMaxWidth(columnWidth, columnWidth - 25);
    int barsOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? (isLeftCol ? 20 : 24) : (isLeftCol ? 15 : 19);
-    int hopOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? (isLeftCol ? 21 : 29) : (isLeftCol ? 13 : 17);
+    constexpr int kBarCount = 4;
+    constexpr int kBarWidth = 2;
+    constexpr int kBarGap = 1;

    int barsXOffset = columnWidth - barsOffset;
+    int barsRightEdge = x + barsXOffset + ((kBarCount - 1) * (kBarWidth + kBarGap)) + kBarWidth;

    const int nameX = x + ((currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 6 : 3);
    char nodeName[96];
@@ -268,28 +307,35 @@ void drawEntryHopSignal(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int
        }
    }

-    // Draw signal strength bars
-    int bars = (node->snr > 5) ? 4 : (node->snr > 0) ? 3 : (node->snr > -5) ? 2 : (node->snr > -10) ? 1 : 0;
-    int barWidth = 2;
-    int barStartX = x + barsXOffset;
-    int barStartY = y + 1 + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2) + 2;
+    const bool isZeroHop = node->has_hops_away && node->hops_away == 0;

-    for (int b = 0; b < 4; b++) {
-        if (b < bars) {
-            int height = (b * 2);
-            display->fillRect(barStartX + (b * (barWidth + 1)), barStartY - height, barWidth, height);
+    // Show signal only for direct neighbors (0 hops)
+    if (isZeroHop) {
+        int bars = (node->snr > 5) ? 4 : (node->snr > 0) ? 3 : (node->snr > -5) ? 2 : (node->snr > -10) ? 1 : 0;
+        int barStartX = x + barsXOffset;
+        int barStartY = y + 1 + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2) + 2;
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < kBarCount; b++) {
+            if (b < bars) {
+                int height = (b * 2);
+                display->fillRect(barStartX + (b * (kBarWidth + kBarGap)), barStartY - height, kBarWidth, height);
+            }
        }
    }

-    // Draw hop count
-    char hopStr[6] = "";
-    if (node->has_hops_away && node->hops_away > 0)
-        snprintf(hopStr, sizeof(hopStr), "[%d]", node->hops_away);
+    // Draw hop count + hop icon
+    if (node->has_hops_away && node->hops_away > 0) {
+        char hopCount[6];
+        snprintf(hopCount, sizeof(hopCount), "%d", node->hops_away);

-    if (hopStr[0] != '\0') {
-        int rightEdge = x + columnWidth - hopOffset;
-        int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(hopStr);
-        display->drawString(rightEdge - textWidth, y, hopStr);
+        const int hopCountWidth = display->getStringWidth(hopCount);
+        const int gap = 1;
+        const int totalWidth = hopCountWidth + gap + hop_width;
+        const int hopX = barsRightEdge - totalWidth;
+        const int iconY = y + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - hop_height) / 2;
+
+        display->drawString(hopX, y, hopCount);
+        display->drawXbm(hopX + hopCountWidth + gap, iconY, hop_width, hop_height, hop);
    }
 }

@@ -373,14 +419,13 @@ void drawNodeDistance(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
        }
    }

-    if (strlen(distStr) > 0) {
-        int offset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High)
-                         ? (isLeftCol ? 7 : 10) // Offset for Wide Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
-                         : (isLeftCol ? 4 : 7); // Offset for Narrow Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
-        int rightEdge = x + columnWidth - offset;
-        int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(distStr);
-        display->drawString(rightEdge - textWidth, y, distStr);
-    }
+    const char *distanceLabel = (strlen(distStr) > 0) ? distStr : "?";
+    int offset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High)
+                     ? (isLeftCol ? 7 : 10) // Offset for Wide Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
+                     : (isLeftCol ? 4 : 7); // Offset for Narrow Screens (Left Column:Right Column)
+    int rightEdge = x + columnWidth - offset;
+    int textWidth = display->getStringWidth(distanceLabel);
+    display->drawString(rightEdge - textWidth, y, distanceLabel);
 }

 void drawEntryDynamic_Nodes(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth)
@@ -431,8 +476,8 @@ void drawEntryCompass(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
    }
 }

-void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float myHeading,
-                      double userLat, double userLon)
+void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth,
+                      float myHeadingRadian, double userLat, double userLon)
 {
    if (!nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node))
        return;
@@ -446,11 +491,11 @@ void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
    double nodeLat = node->position.latitude_i * 1e-7;
    double nodeLon = node->position.longitude_i * 1e-7;
    float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(userLat, userLon, nodeLat, nodeLon);
-    float bearingToNode = RAD_TO_DEG * bearing;
-    float relativeBearing = fmod((bearingToNode - myHeading + 360), 360);
+    float relativeBearing = CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearing, myHeadingRadian);
+    float relativeBearingDeg = CompassRenderer::radiansToDegrees360(relativeBearing);
    // Shrink size by 2px
    int size = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 5;
-    CompassRenderer::drawArrowToNode(display, centerX, centerY, size, relativeBearing);
+    CompassRenderer::drawArrowToNode(display, centerX, centerY, size, relativeBearingDeg);
    /*
    float angle = relativeBearing * DEG_TO_RAD;
    float halfSize = size / 2.0;
@@ -480,12 +525,27 @@ void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16
    */
 }

+void drawCompassUnknown(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float, double,
+                        double)
+{
+    if (!nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node))
+        return;
+
+    bool isLeftCol = (x < SCREEN_WIDTH / 2);
+    int arrowXOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? (isLeftCol ? 22 : 24) : (isLeftCol ? 12 : 18);
+    int centerX = x + columnWidth - arrowXOffset;
+
+    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+    display->drawString(centerX, y, "?");
+}
+
 // =============================
 // Main Screen Functions
 // =============================

 void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *title,
-                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras, float heading, double lat, double lon)
+                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras, float headingRadian, double lat, double lon)
 {
    const int COMMON_HEADER_HEIGHT = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1;
    const int rowYOffset = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 3;
@@ -570,7 +630,7 @@ void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t
        renderer(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth);

        if (extras)
-            extras(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth, heading, lat, lon);
+            extras(display, node, xPos, yPos, columnWidth, headingRadian, lat, lon);

        lastNodeY = max(lastNodeY, yPos + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL);
        yOffset += rowYOffset;
@@ -765,9 +825,13 @@ void drawDistanceScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t
 #endif
 void drawNodeListWithCompasses(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
-    float heading = 0;
-    bool validHeading = false;
+    float headingRadian = 0.0f;
    auto ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
+    if (!ourNode || !nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode)) {
+        drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassUnknown, headingRadian, 0.0, 0.0);
+        return;
+    }
+
    double lat = DegD(ourNode->position.latitude_i);
    double lon = DegD(ourNode->position.longitude_i);

@@ -779,21 +843,12 @@ void drawNodeListWithCompasses(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,
        lastSwitchTime = now;
    }
 #endif
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-#if HAS_GPS
-        if (screen->hasHeading()) {
-            heading = screen->getHeading(); // degrees
-            validHeading = true;
-        } else {
-            heading = screen->estimatedHeading(lat, lon);
-            validHeading = !isnan(heading);
-        }
-#endif
-
-        if (!validHeading)
-            return;
+    if (!CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(lat, lon, headingRadian)) {
+        drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassUnknown, headingRadian, lat, lon);
+        return;
    }
-    drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassArrow, heading, lat, lon);
+
+    drawNodeListScreen(display, state, x, y, "Bearings", drawEntryCompass, drawCompassArrow, headingRadian, lat, lon);
 }

 /// Draw a series of fields in a column, wrapping to multiple columns if needed
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ enum ListMode_Location { MODE_DISTANCE = 0, MODE_BEARING = 1, MODE_COUNT_LOCATIO

 // Main node list screen function
 void drawNodeListScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y, const char *title,
-                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras = nullptr, float heading = 0, double lat = 0,
+                        EntryRenderer renderer, NodeExtrasRenderer extras = nullptr, float headingRadian = 0, double lat = 0,
                        double lon = 0);

 // Entry renderers
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ void drawEntryDynamic_Nodes(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node,
 void drawEntryCompass(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth);

 // Extras renderers
-void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth, float myHeading,
-                      double userLat, double userLon);
+void drawCompassArrow(OLEDDisplay *display, meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node, int16_t x, int16_t y, int columnWidth,
+                      float myHeadingRadian, double userLat, double userLon);

 // Screen frame functions
 void drawLastHeardScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #endif
 #include "main.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #if HAS_TRACKBALL
@@ -52,16 +53,292 @@ bool NotificationRenderer::pauseBanner = false;
 notificationTypeEnum NotificationRenderer::current_notification_type = notificationTypeEnum::none;
 uint32_t NotificationRenderer::numDigits = 0;
 uint32_t NotificationRenderer::currentNumber = 0;
+int16_t NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalValueTenths = 0;
+int16_t NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalMinTenths = -999;
+int16_t NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalMaxTenths = 999;
+bool NotificationRenderer::signedDecimalIsNegative = false;
 VirtualKeyboard *NotificationRenderer::virtualKeyboard = nullptr;
 std::function<void(const std::string &)> NotificationRenderer::textInputCallback = nullptr;

-uint32_t pow_of_10(uint32_t n)
+struct NumericSlotPickerState {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> digits;
+    bool hasSign = false;
+    bool isNegative = false;
+    uint8_t decimalDigits = 0;
+    int32_t minValue = 0;
+    int32_t maxValue = 0;
+};
+
+int32_t maxValueForDigits(uint8_t digitCount)
 {
-    uint32_t ret = 1;
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        ret *= 10;
+    int64_t value = 0;
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < digitCount; i++) {
+        value = (value * 10) + 9;
+        if (value > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
+            return std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+        }
    }
-    return ret;
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(value);
+}
+
+uint8_t pickerSlotCount(const NumericSlotPickerState &state)
+{
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(state.digits.size() + (state.hasSign ? 1 : 0));
+}
+
+int32_t clampPickerValue(int32_t value, int32_t minValue, int32_t maxValue)
+{
+    if (value < minValue) {
+        return minValue;
+    }
+    if (value > maxValue) {
+        return maxValue;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+uint32_t combinePickerDigits(const std::vector<uint8_t> &digits)
+{
+    uint32_t value = 0;
+    for (const uint8_t digit : digits) {
+        value = (value * 10) + digit;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+void splitPickerDigits(uint32_t value, std::vector<uint8_t> &digits)
+{
+    if (digits.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = static_cast<int>(digits.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        digits[static_cast<size_t>(i)] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value % 10);
+        value /= 10;
+    }
+}
+
+int32_t composePickerValue(const NumericSlotPickerState &state)
+{
+    int64_t value = static_cast<int64_t>(combinePickerDigits(state.digits));
+    if (state.hasSign && state.isNegative && value != 0) {
+        value = -value;
+    }
+    return clampPickerValue(static_cast<int32_t>(value), state.minValue, state.maxValue);
+}
+
+void normalizePickerState(NumericSlotPickerState &state)
+{
+    const bool keepNegativeZero = state.isNegative;
+    const int32_t clampedValue = composePickerValue(state);
+    const uint32_t absValue =
+        (clampedValue < 0) ? static_cast<uint32_t>(-static_cast<int64_t>(clampedValue)) : static_cast<uint32_t>(clampedValue);
+    splitPickerDigits(absValue, state.digits);
+
+    if (!state.hasSign) {
+        state.isNegative = false;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (clampedValue < 0) {
+        state.isNegative = true;
+    } else if (clampedValue > 0) {
+        state.isNegative = false;
+    } else {
+        // Keep selected sign for zero so users can pick +/- before entering digits.
+        state.isNegative = keepNegativeZero;
+    }
+}
+
+bool isPickerIncrementEvent(uint8_t eventType)
+{
+    return eventType == INPUT_BROKER_UP || eventType == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_PRESS || eventType == INPUT_BROKER_UP_LONG;
+}
+
+bool isPickerDecrementEvent(uint8_t eventType)
+{
+    return eventType == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN || eventType == INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS || eventType == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN_LONG;
+}
+
+void applyPickerDelta(NumericSlotPickerState &state, int8_t selectedSlot, int8_t delta)
+{
+    const uint8_t slotCount = pickerSlotCount(state);
+    if (selectedSlot < 0 || selectedSlot >= static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state.hasSign && selectedSlot == 0) {
+        state.isNegative = !state.isNegative;
+        normalizePickerState(state);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int8_t digitOffset = state.hasSign ? 1 : 0;
+    const int8_t digitIndex = selectedSlot - digitOffset;
+    if (digitIndex < 0 || digitIndex >= static_cast<int8_t>(state.digits.size())) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t &digit = state.digits[static_cast<size_t>(digitIndex)];
+    if (delta > 0) {
+        digit = static_cast<uint8_t>((digit + 1) % 10);
+    } else {
+        digit = static_cast<uint8_t>((digit == 0) ? 9 : (digit - 1));
+    }
+    normalizePickerState(state);
+}
+
+bool applyPickerKeypress(NumericSlotPickerState &state, int8_t selectedSlot, char key)
+{
+    const uint8_t slotCount = pickerSlotCount(state);
+    if (selectedSlot < 0 || selectedSlot >= static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (state.hasSign && selectedSlot == 0 && (key == '+' || key == '-')) {
+        state.isNegative = (key == '-');
+        normalizePickerState(state);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (key < '0' || key > '9') {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int8_t digitOffset = state.hasSign ? 1 : 0;
+    const int8_t digitIndex = selectedSlot - digitOffset;
+    if (digitIndex < 0 || digitIndex >= static_cast<int8_t>(state.digits.size())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    state.digits[static_cast<size_t>(digitIndex)] = static_cast<uint8_t>(key - '0');
+    normalizePickerState(state);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void parseBannerLines(const char *lineStarts[MAX_LINES + 1], uint16_t &lineCount)
+{
+    lineCount = 0;
+    char *alertEnd = NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage +
+                     strnlen(NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage, sizeof(NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage));
+    lineStarts[lineCount] = NotificationRenderer::alertBannerMessage;
+    while ((lineCount < MAX_LINES) && (lineStarts[lineCount] < alertEnd)) {
+        lineStarts[lineCount + 1] = std::find((char *)lineStarts[lineCount], alertEnd, '\n');
+        if (lineStarts[lineCount + 1][0] == '\n') {
+            lineStarts[lineCount + 1] += 1;
+        }
+        lineCount++;
+    }
+}
+
+void buildNumericPickerDisplay(const NumericSlotPickerState &state, std::string &formattedValue,
+                               std::vector<int16_t> &slotCharIndexBySlot)
+{
+    const uint8_t slotCount = pickerSlotCount(state);
+    slotCharIndexBySlot.assign(slotCount, -1);
+
+    formattedValue = " ";
+    formattedValue.reserve(24);
+    int8_t slot = 0;
+
+    if (state.hasSign) {
+        slotCharIndexBySlot[slot++] = static_cast<int16_t>(formattedValue.size());
+        formattedValue += state.isNegative ? '-' : '+';
+        formattedValue += ' ';
+    }
+
+    const size_t digitCount = state.digits.size();
+    const size_t decimalBreak =
+        (state.decimalDigits > 0 && state.decimalDigits < digitCount) ? (digitCount - state.decimalDigits) : digitCount;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < digitCount; i++) {
+        slotCharIndexBySlot[slot++] = static_cast<int16_t>(formattedValue.size());
+        formattedValue += static_cast<char>('0' + state.digits[i]);
+        formattedValue += ' ';
+
+        if (state.decimalDigits > 0 && i + 1 == decimalBreak) {
+            formattedValue += '.';
+            formattedValue += ' ';
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Number picker renderer
+// Reuse by building `formattedValue` as displayed, and mapping each editable slot
+// to its character index in that string via `slotCharIndexBySlot`.
+void NumberPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, const char *lineStarts[MAX_LINES + 1], uint16_t lineCount,
+                  const std::string &formattedValue, const int16_t *slotCharIndexBySlot, uint8_t slotCount, int8_t selectedSlot)
+{
+    if (formattedValue.empty() || slotCharIndexBySlot == nullptr || slotCount == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string spacer(formattedValue.size(), ' ');
+    uint16_t totalLines = lineCount + 3;
+    const char *linePointers[totalLines + 1] = {0};
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+        linePointers[i] = lineStarts[i];
+    }
+    const uint16_t topGuideLineIndex = lineCount;
+    linePointers[lineCount++] = spacer.c_str();
+    const uint16_t valueLineIndex = lineCount;
+    linePointers[lineCount++] = formattedValue.c_str();
+    const uint16_t bottomGuideLineIndex = lineCount;
+    linePointers[lineCount++] = spacer.c_str();
+
+    NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(display, state, linePointers, totalLines, 0);
+
+    constexpr uint16_t hPadding = 5;
+    constexpr uint16_t vPadding = 2;
+    uint16_t maxWidth = 0;
+    uint16_t lineWidths[MAX_LINES + 3] = {0};
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < totalLines; i++) {
+        const uint16_t lineLength = static_cast<uint16_t>(strlen(linePointers[i]));
+        lineWidths[i] = display->getStringWidth(linePointers[i], lineLength, true);
+        if (lineWidths[i] > maxWidth) {
+            maxWidth = lineWidths[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint16_t boxWidth = hPadding * 2 + maxWidth;
+    uint16_t screenHeight = display->height();
+    uint8_t effectiveLineHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 3;
+    uint8_t visibleTotalLines = std::min<uint8_t>(totalLines, (screenHeight - vPadding * 2) / effectiveLineHeight);
+    uint16_t contentHeight = visibleTotalLines * effectiveLineHeight;
+    uint16_t boxHeight = contentHeight + vPadding * 2;
+    if (visibleTotalLines == 1) {
+        boxHeight += (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 4 : 3;
+    }
+    int16_t boxLeft = (display->width() / 2) - (boxWidth / 2);
+    if (totalLines > visibleTotalLines) {
+        boxWidth += (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 4 : 2;
+    }
+    int16_t boxTop = (display->height() / 2) - (boxHeight / 2);
+
+    const int selectedSlotClamped = std::max<int>(0, std::min<int>(selectedSlot, static_cast<int>(slotCount) - 1));
+    const int selectedCharIndex = slotCharIndexBySlot[selectedSlotClamped];
+    if (selectedCharIndex < 0 || selectedCharIndex >= static_cast<int>(formattedValue.size())) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int16_t valueTextX = boxLeft + (boxWidth - lineWidths[valueLineIndex]) / 2;
+    const uint16_t prefixWidth = display->getStringWidth(formattedValue.c_str(), selectedCharIndex, true);
+    const uint16_t slotCharWidth = display->getStringWidth(formattedValue.c_str() + selectedCharIndex, 1, true);
+    const int16_t slotCenterX = valueTextX + static_cast<int16_t>(prefixWidth + (slotCharWidth / 2));
+
+    int16_t topGuideY = boxTop + vPadding + (topGuideLineIndex * effectiveLineHeight);
+    int16_t bottomGuideY = boxTop + vPadding + (bottomGuideLineIndex * effectiveLineHeight);
+    const int16_t triHalfWidth = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 3 : 2;
+    const int16_t guideInsetY = 1;
+    const int16_t triHeight = std::max<int16_t>(2, static_cast<int16_t>((effectiveLineHeight - (guideInsetY * 2) - 1) / 2));
+    const int16_t topBaseY = topGuideY + effectiveLineHeight - guideInsetY - 1;
+    const int16_t topApexY = topBaseY - triHeight;
+    const int16_t bottomBaseY = bottomGuideY + guideInsetY;
+    const int16_t bottomApexY = bottomBaseY + triHeight;
+
+    display->setColor(WHITE);
+    display->fillTriangle(slotCenterX, topApexY, slotCenterX - triHalfWidth, topBaseY, slotCenterX + triHalfWidth, topBaseY);
+    display->fillTriangle(slotCenterX - triHalfWidth, bottomBaseY, slotCenterX + triHalfWidth, bottomBaseY, slotCenterX,
+                          bottomApexY);
 }

 // Used on boot when a certificate is being created
@@ -103,6 +380,10 @@ void NotificationRenderer::resetBanner()
    pauseBanner = false;
    numDigits = 0;
    currentNumber = 0;
+    signedDecimalValueTenths = 0;
+    signedDecimalMinTenths = -999;
+    signedDecimalMaxTenths = 999;
+    signedDecimalIsNegative = false;

    nodeDB->pause_sort(false);

@@ -153,6 +434,9 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
    case notificationTypeEnum::number_picker:
        drawNumberPicker(display, state);
        break;
+    case notificationTypeEnum::signed_decimal_picker:
+        drawSignedDecimalPicker(display, state);
+        break;
    }
 }

@@ -160,83 +444,132 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNumberPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiS
 {
    const char *lineStarts[MAX_LINES + 1] = {0};
    uint16_t lineCount = 0;
+    parseBannerLines(lineStarts, lineCount);

-    // Parse lines
-    char *alertEnd = alertBannerMessage + strnlen(alertBannerMessage, sizeof(alertBannerMessage));
-    lineStarts[lineCount] = alertBannerMessage;
+    NumericSlotPickerState pickerState;
+    pickerState.hasSign = false;
+    pickerState.decimalDigits = 0;
+    pickerState.minValue = 0;
+    pickerState.maxValue = maxValueForDigits(static_cast<uint8_t>(numDigits));
+    pickerState.digits.assign(numDigits, 0);
+    splitPickerDigits(currentNumber, pickerState.digits);
+    normalizePickerState(pickerState);

-    // Find lines
-    while ((lineCount < MAX_LINES) && (lineStarts[lineCount] < alertEnd)) {
-        lineStarts[lineCount + 1] = std::find((char *)lineStarts[lineCount], alertEnd, '\n');
-        if (lineStarts[lineCount + 1][0] == '\n')
-            lineStarts[lineCount + 1] += 1;
-        lineCount++;
+    const uint8_t slotCount = pickerSlotCount(pickerState);
+    if (curSelected < 0) {
+        curSelected = 0;
+    } else if (curSelected > static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
+        curSelected = static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount);
    }
-    // modulo to extract
-    uint8_t this_digit = (currentNumber % (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected))) / (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-    // Handle input
-    if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_PRESS ||
-        inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP_LONG) {
-        if (this_digit == 9) {
-            currentNumber -= 9 * (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-        } else {
-            currentNumber += (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-        }
-    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS ||
-               inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN_LONG) {
-        if (this_digit == 0) {
-            currentNumber += 9 * (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-        } else {
-            currentNumber -= (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-        }
+
+    if ((inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG) && alertBannerUntil != 0) {
+        resetBanner();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (isPickerIncrementEvent(inEvent.inputEvent)) {
+        applyPickerDelta(pickerState, curSelected, 1);
+    } else if (isPickerDecrementEvent(inEvent.inputEvent)) {
+        applyPickerDelta(pickerState, curSelected, -1);
    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ANYKEY) {
-        if (inEvent.kbchar > 47 && inEvent.kbchar < 58) { // have a digit
-            currentNumber -= this_digit * (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
-            currentNumber += (inEvent.kbchar - 48) * (pow_of_10(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+        if (applyPickerKeypress(pickerState, curSelected, inEvent.kbchar)) {
            curSelected++;
        }
    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_SELECT || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_RIGHT) {
        curSelected++;
    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_LEFT) {
-        curSelected--;
-    } else if ((inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG) &&
-               alertBannerUntil != 0) {
-        resetBanner();
-        return;
+        curSelected = std::max<int8_t>(0, curSelected - 1);
    }
-    if (curSelected == static_cast<int8_t>(numDigits)) {
+
+    currentNumber = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::max<int32_t>(0, composePickerValue(pickerState)));
+    if (curSelected == static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
        alertBannerCallback(currentNumber);
        resetBanner();
        return;
    }

    inEvent.inputEvent = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
-    if (alertBannerMessage[0] == '\0')
+    if (alertBannerMessage[0] == '\0') {
        return;
-
-    uint16_t totalLines = lineCount + 2;
-    const char *linePointers[totalLines + 1] = {0}; // this is sort of a dynamic allocation
-
-    // copy the linestarts to display to the linePointers holder
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
-        linePointers[i] = lineStarts[i];
    }
-    std::string digits = " ";
-    std::string arrowPointer = " ";
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
-        // Modulo minus modulo to return just the current number
-        digits += std::to_string((currentNumber % (pow_of_10(numDigits - i))) / (pow_of_10(numDigits - i - 1))) + " ";
-        if (curSelected == i) {
-            arrowPointer += "^ ";
-        } else {
-            arrowPointer += "_ ";
+
+    std::string formattedValue;
+    std::vector<int16_t> slotCharIndexBySlot;
+    buildNumericPickerDisplay(pickerState, formattedValue, slotCharIndexBySlot);
+
+    NumberPicker(display, state, lineStarts, lineCount, formattedValue, slotCharIndexBySlot.data(), slotCount, curSelected);
+}
+
+void NotificationRenderer::drawSignedDecimalPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state)
+{
+    const char *lineStarts[MAX_LINES + 1] = {0};
+    uint16_t lineCount = 0;
+    parseBannerLines(lineStarts, lineCount);
+
+    NumericSlotPickerState pickerState;
+    pickerState.hasSign = true;
+    pickerState.decimalDigits = 1;
+    pickerState.minValue = signedDecimalMinTenths;
+    pickerState.maxValue = signedDecimalMaxTenths;
+    pickerState.digits.assign(3, 0); // XX.X format
+
+    const int32_t currentValue = static_cast<int32_t>(signedDecimalValueTenths);
+    if (currentValue < 0) {
+        pickerState.isNegative = true;
+    } else if (currentValue > 0) {
+        pickerState.isNegative = false;
+    } else {
+        pickerState.isNegative = signedDecimalIsNegative;
+    }
+    const uint32_t absValue =
+        (currentValue < 0) ? static_cast<uint32_t>(-static_cast<int64_t>(currentValue)) : static_cast<uint32_t>(currentValue);
+    splitPickerDigits(absValue, pickerState.digits);
+    normalizePickerState(pickerState);
+
+    const uint8_t slotCount = pickerSlotCount(pickerState);
+    if (curSelected < 0) {
+        curSelected = 0;
+    } else if (curSelected > static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
+        curSelected = static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount);
+    }
+
+    if ((inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG) && alertBannerUntil != 0) {
+        resetBanner();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (isPickerIncrementEvent(inEvent.inputEvent)) {
+        applyPickerDelta(pickerState, curSelected, 1);
+    } else if (isPickerDecrementEvent(inEvent.inputEvent)) {
+        applyPickerDelta(pickerState, curSelected, -1);
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ANYKEY) {
+        if (applyPickerKeypress(pickerState, curSelected, inEvent.kbchar)) {
+            curSelected++;
        }
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_SELECT || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_RIGHT) {
+        curSelected++;
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_LEFT) {
+        curSelected = std::max<int8_t>(0, curSelected - 1);
    }

-    linePointers[lineCount++] = digits.c_str();
-    linePointers[lineCount++] = arrowPointer.c_str();
+    signedDecimalValueTenths = static_cast<int16_t>(composePickerValue(pickerState));
+    signedDecimalIsNegative = pickerState.isNegative;
+    if (curSelected == static_cast<int8_t>(slotCount)) {
+        alertBannerCallback(signedDecimalValueTenths);
+        resetBanner();
+        return;
+    }

-    drawNotificationBox(display, state, linePointers, totalLines, 0);
+    inEvent.inputEvent = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+    if (alertBannerMessage[0] == '\0') {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string formattedValue;
+    std::vector<int16_t> slotCharIndexBySlot;
+    buildNumericPickerDisplay(pickerState, formattedValue, slotCharIndexBySlot);
+
+    NumberPicker(display, state, lineStarts, lineCount, formattedValue, slotCharIndexBySlot.data(), slotCount, curSelected);
 }

 void NotificationRenderer::drawNodePicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state)
@@ -622,7 +955,9 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplay
        strncpy(lineBuffer, lines[i], lineLengths[i]);
        lineBuffer[lineLengths[i]] = '\0';
        // Determine if this is a pop-up or a pick list
-        if (alertBannerOptions > 0 && i == 0) {
+        const bool highlightTitleRow =
+            (i == 0) && (alertBannerOptions > 0 || current_notification_type == notificationTypeEnum::signed_decimal_picker);
+        if (highlightTitleRow) {
            // Pick List
            display->setColor(WHITE);
            int background_yOffset = 1;
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "graphics/VirtualKeyboard.h"
 #include "modules/OnScreenKeyboardModule.h"
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #define MAX_LINES 5
@@ -26,6 +27,10 @@ class NotificationRenderer
    static std::function<void(int)> alertBannerCallback;
    static uint32_t numDigits;
    static uint32_t currentNumber;
+    static int16_t signedDecimalValueTenths;
+    static int16_t signedDecimalMinTenths;
+    static int16_t signedDecimalMaxTenths;
+    static bool signedDecimalIsNegative;
    static VirtualKeyboard *virtualKeyboard;
    static std::function<void(const std::string &)> textInputCallback;

@@ -36,6 +41,7 @@ class NotificationRenderer
    static void drawBannercallback(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
    static void drawAlertBannerOverlay(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
    static void drawNumberPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
+    static void drawSignedDecimalPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
    static void drawNodePicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
    static void drawTextInput(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
    static void drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, const char *lines[MAX_LINES + 1],
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "NodeListRenderer.h"
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+#include "modules/StatusMessageModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
 #include "airtime.h"
 #include "gps/GeoCoord.h"
@@ -38,6 +41,15 @@ static inline void drawSatelliteIcon(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y)
    }
 }

+static void drawCompassStatusText(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY, const char *statusLine1,
+                                  const char *statusLine2)
+{
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+    display->drawString(compassX, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, statusLine1);
+    display->drawString(compassX, compassY, statusLine2);
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
+}
+
 void graphics::UIRenderer::rebuildFavoritedNodes()
 {
    favoritedNodes.clear();
@@ -290,7 +302,7 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodes(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const mes
 // * Favorite Node Info *
 // **********************
 // cppcheck-suppress constParameterPointer; signature must match FrameCallback typedef from OLEDDisplayUi library
-void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
+void UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
    if (favoritedNodes.empty())
        return;
@@ -342,10 +354,61 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
        UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], username, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, false);
    }

-    // === 2. Signal and Hops (combined on one line, if available) ===
-    char signalHopsStr[32] = "";
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
+    // === Optional: Last received StatusMessage line for this node ===
+    // Display it directly under the username line (if we have one).
+    if (statusMessageModule) {
+        const auto &recent = statusMessageModule->getRecentReceived();
+        const StatusMessageModule::RecentStatus *found = nullptr;
+
+        // Search newest-to-oldest
+        for (auto it = recent.rbegin(); it != recent.rend(); ++it) {
+            if (it->fromNodeId == node->num && !it->statusText.empty()) {
+                found = &(*it);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+            std::string statusLine = std::string(" Status: ") + found->statusText;
+            {
+                const int screenW = display->getWidth();
+                const int ellipseW = display->getStringWidth("...");
+                int w = display->getStringWidth(statusLine.c_str());
+
+                // Only do work if it overflows
+                if (w > screenW) {
+                    bool truncated = false;
+                    if (ellipseW > screenW) {
+                        statusLine.clear();
+                    } else {
+                        while (!statusLine.empty()) {
+                            // remove one char (byte) at a time
+                            statusLine.pop_back();
+                            truncated = true;
+
+                            // Measure candidate with ellipsis appended
+                            std::string candidate = statusLine + "...";
+                            if (display->getStringWidth(candidate.c_str()) <= screenW) {
+                                statusLine = std::move(candidate);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (statusLine.empty() && ellipseW <= screenW) {
+                            statusLine = "...";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], statusLine.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // === 2. Signal/Hops line (if available) ===
    bool haveSignal = false;
    int bars = 0;
+    const char *qualityLabel = nullptr;

    // Helper to get SNR limit based on modem preset
    auto getSnrLimit = [](meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset preset) -> float {
@@ -366,80 +429,51 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
        }
    };

-    // Calculate signal grade using modem preset and SNR only
-    float snrLimit = getSnrLimit(config.lora.modem_preset);
-    float snr = node->snr;
-
-    // Determine signal quality label and bars using SNR-only grading
-    const char *qualityLabel = nullptr;
-
-    if (snr > snrLimit + 10) {
-        qualityLabel = "Good";
-        bars = 4;
-    } else if (snr > snrLimit + 6) {
-        qualityLabel = "Good";
-        bars = 3;
-    } else if (snr > snrLimit + 2) {
-        qualityLabel = "Good";
-        bars = 2;
-    } else if (snr > snrLimit - 4) {
-        qualityLabel = "Fair";
-        bars = 1;
-    } else {
-        qualityLabel = "Bad";
-        bars = 1;
-    }
-
    // Add extra spacing on the left if we have an API connection to account for the common footer icons
    const char *leftSideSpacing =
        graphics::isAPIConnected(service->api_state) ? (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High ? "     " : "   ") : " ";
+    const bool isZeroHop = node->has_hops_away && node->hops_away == 0;

-    // --- Build the Signal/Hops line ---
-    // Only show signal if we have valid SNR
-    if (snr > -100 && snr != 0) {
-        snprintf(signalHopsStr, sizeof(signalHopsStr), "%sSig:%s", leftSideSpacing, qualityLabel);
-        haveSignal = true;
-    }
-
-    if (node->hops_away > 0) {
-        size_t len = strlen(signalHopsStr);
-        if (haveSignal) {
-            snprintf(signalHopsStr + len, sizeof(signalHopsStr) - len, " [#]");
-        } else {
-            snprintf(signalHopsStr, sizeof(signalHopsStr), "[#]");
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (signalHopsStr[0]) {
-        int yPos = getTextPositions(display)[line++];
-        int curX = x;
-
-        // Split combined string into signal text and hop suffix
-        char sigPart[20] = "";
-        const char *hopPart = nullptr;
-
-        char *bracket = strchr(signalHopsStr, '[');
-        if (bracket) {
-            size_t n = (size_t)(bracket - signalHopsStr);
-            if (n >= sizeof(sigPart))
-                n = sizeof(sigPart) - 1;
-            memcpy(sigPart, signalHopsStr, n);
-            sigPart[n] = '\0';
-
-            // Trim trailing spaces
-            while (strlen(sigPart) && sigPart[strlen(sigPart) - 1] == ' ') {
-                sigPart[strlen(sigPart) - 1] = '\0';
+    // Signal text/bars are only for direct (zero-hop) nodes with valid SNR.
+    if (isZeroHop) {
+        float snr = node->snr;
+        if (snr > -100 && snr != 0) {
+            float snrLimit = getSnrLimit(config.lora.modem_preset);
+            // Determine signal quality label and bars using SNR-only grading.
+            if (snr > snrLimit + 10) {
+                qualityLabel = "Good";
+                bars = 4;
+            } else if (snr > snrLimit + 6) {
+                qualityLabel = "Good";
+                bars = 3;
+            } else if (snr > snrLimit + 2) {
+                qualityLabel = "Good";
+                bars = 2;
+            } else if (snr > snrLimit - 4) {
+                qualityLabel = "Fair";
+                bars = 1;
+            } else {
+                qualityLabel = "Bad";
+                bars = 1;
            }

-            hopPart = bracket; // "[n Hop(s)]"
-        } else {
-            strncpy(sigPart, signalHopsStr, sizeof(sigPart) - 1);
-            sigPart[sizeof(sigPart) - 1] = '\0';
+            haveSignal = true;
        }
+    }

-        // Draw signal quality text
-        display->drawString(curX, yPos, sigPart);
-        curX += display->getStringWidth(sigPart) + 4;
+    const bool showHops = node->has_hops_away && node->hops_away > 0;
+
+    if (haveSignal || showHops) {
+        int yPos = getTextPositions(display)[line++];
+        int curX = x + display->getStringWidth(leftSideSpacing);
+
+        // Draw signal quality text for zero-hop nodes when present.
+        if (haveSignal && qualityLabel) {
+            char signalLabel[20];
+            snprintf(signalLabel, sizeof(signalLabel), "Sig:%s", qualityLabel);
+            display->drawString(curX, yPos, signalLabel);
+            curX += display->getStringWidth(signalLabel) + 4;
+        }

        // Draw signal bars (skip on UltraLow, text only)
        if (currentResolution != ScreenResolution::UltraLow && haveSignal && bars > 0) {
@@ -478,12 +512,12 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
            curX += (kMaxBars * barWidth) + ((kMaxBars - 1) * barGap) + 2;
        }

-        // Draw hops AFTER the bars as: [ number + hop icon ]
-        if (hopPart && node->hops_away > 0) {
-
-            // open bracket
-            display->drawString(curX, yPos, "[");
-            curX += display->getStringWidth("[") + 1;
+        // Draw hops for non-zero-hop nodes as: number + hop icon.
+        // This path is mutually exclusive with the zero-hop signal-bars path above.
+        if (showHops) {
+            // hop label
+            display->drawString(curX, yPos, "Hop:");
+            curX += display->getStringWidth("Hop:") + 2;

            // hop count
            char hopCount[6];
@@ -495,9 +529,6 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
            const int iconY = yPos + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - hop_height) / 2;
            display->drawXbm(curX, iconY, hop_width, hop_height, hop);
            curX += hop_width + 1;
-
-            // closing bracket
-            display->drawString(curX, yPos, "]");
        }
    }

@@ -638,51 +669,54 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
        display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], batLine);
    }

+    bool showCompass = false;
+    float myHeading = 0.0f;
+    float bearing = 0.0f;
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const bool hasNodePositionFix = nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node);
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;
+    if (hasOwnPositionFix && hasNodePositionFix) {
+        const auto &op = ourNode->position;
+        showCompass = CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), myHeading);
+        if (showCompass) {
+            const auto &p = node->position;
+            bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
+            bearing = CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearing, myHeading);
+        } else {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
+        }
+    } else if (!hasOwnPositionFix || !hasNodePositionFix) {
+        statusLine1 = "No";
+        statusLine2 = "Fix";
+    }
+
    // --- Compass Rendering: landscape (wide) screens use the original side-aligned logic ---
    if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
-        bool showCompass = false;
-        if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading()) && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node)) {
-            showCompass = true;
-        }
-        if (showCompass) {
+        if (showCompass || statusLine1) {
            const int16_t topY = getTextPositions(display)[1];
            const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
            const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;
            int16_t compassRadius = usableHeight / 2;
            if (compassRadius < 8)
                compassRadius = 8;
-            const int16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;
            const int16_t compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH - compassRadius - 8;
            const int16_t compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;
-
-            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
-            float myHeading = screen->hasHeading() ? screen->getHeading() * PI / 180
-                                                   : screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-
-            const auto &p = node->position;
-            /* unused
-            float d =
-                GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            */
-            float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-                myHeading = 0;
-            } else {
-                bearing -= myHeading;
-            }
+            const int16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;

            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
-            CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearing);
+            if (showCompass) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearing);
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
        }
        // else show nothing
    } else {
        // Portrait or square: put compass at the bottom and centered, scaled to fit available space
-        bool showCompass = false;
-        if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading()) && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(node)) {
-            showCompass = true;
-        }
-        if (showCompass) {
+        if (showCompass || statusLine1) {
            int yBelowContent = (line > 0 && line <= 5) ? (getTextPositions(display)[line - 1] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2)
                                                        : getTextPositions(display)[1];
            const int margin = 4;
@@ -693,8 +727,8 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
 #else
            const int navBarHeight = 0;
 #endif
-            int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;
            // --------- END PATCH FOR EINK NAV BAR -----------
+            int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;

            if (availableHeight < FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL * 2)
                return;
@@ -708,25 +742,13 @@ void UIRenderer::drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, i
            int compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
            int compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;

-            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
-            float myHeading = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-                myHeading = screen->hasHeading() ? screen->getHeading() * PI / 180
-                                                 : screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            }
-            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
-
-            const auto &p = node->position;
-            /* unused
-            float d =
-                GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
-            */
-            float bearing = GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(p.latitude_i), DegD(p.longitude_i));
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
-                bearing -= myHeading;
-            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, bearing);
-
            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (showCompass) {
+                graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+                graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, bearing);
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
        }
        // else show nothing
    }
@@ -1162,6 +1184,7 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU

    // === Header ===
    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
+    const int *textPos = getTextPositions(display);

    // === First Row: My Location ===
 #if HAS_GPS
@@ -1176,12 +1199,12 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
        } else {
            displayLine = config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT ? "No GPS" : "GPS off";
        }
-        drawSatelliteIcon(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line]);
+        drawSatelliteIcon(display, x, textPos[line]);
        int xOffset = (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) ? 6 : 0;
-        display->drawString(x + 11 + xOffset, getTextPositions(display)[line++], displayLine);
+        display->drawString(x + 11 + xOffset, textPos[line++], displayLine);
    } else {
        // Onboard GPS
-        UIRenderer::drawGps(display, 0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus);
+        UIRenderer::drawGps(display, 0, textPos[line++], gpsStatus);
    }

    config.display.heading_bold = origBold;
@@ -1190,18 +1213,36 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
    geoCoord.updateCoords(int32_t(gpsStatus->getLatitude()), int32_t(gpsStatus->getLongitude()),
                          int32_t(gpsStatus->getAltitude()));

-    // === Determine Compass Heading ===
-    float heading = 0;
+    meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const bool hasLiveGpsFix =
+        (gpsStatus && gpsStatus->getHasLock() && (gpsStatus->getLatitude() != 0 || gpsStatus->getLongitude() != 0));
+    const bool hasSensorHeading = screen->hasHeading();
+    float heading = 0.0f;
    bool validHeading = false;
-    if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-        validHeading = true;
-    } else {
-        if (screen->hasHeading()) {
-            heading = radians(screen->getHeading());
-            validHeading = true;
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;
+    if (hasSensorHeading || hasLiveGpsFix || hasOwnPositionFix) {
+        double headingLat = 0.0;
+        double headingLon = 0.0;
+        if (hasLiveGpsFix) {
+            headingLat = DegD(gpsStatus->getLatitude());
+            headingLon = DegD(gpsStatus->getLongitude());
+        } else if (hasOwnPositionFix) {
+            const auto &op = ourNode->position;
+            headingLat = DegD(op.latitude_i);
+            headingLon = DegD(op.longitude_i);
+        }
+        validHeading = CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(headingLat, headingLon, heading);
+    }
+
+    if (!validHeading) {
+        if (hasSensorHeading || hasLiveGpsFix || hasOwnPositionFix) {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
        } else {
-            heading = screen->estimatedHeading(geoCoord.getLatitude() * 1e-7, geoCoord.getLongitude() * 1e-7);
-            validHeading = !isnan(heading);
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Fix";
        }
    }

@@ -1219,18 +1260,18 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
            getUptimeStr(delta, "Last: ", uptimeStr, sizeof(uptimeStr), true);
 #endif

-            display->drawString(0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], uptimeStr);
+            display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], uptimeStr);
        } else {
-            display->drawString(0, getTextPositions(display)[line++], "Last: ?");
+            display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], "Last: ?");
        }

        // === Third Row: Line 1 GPS Info ===
-        UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus, "line1");
+        UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, textPos[line++], gpsStatus, "line1");

        if (uiconfig.gps_format != meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig_GpsCoordinateFormat_OLC &&
            uiconfig.gps_format != meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig_GpsCoordinateFormat_MLS) {
            // === Fourth Row: Line 2 GPS Info ===
-            UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], gpsStatus, "line2");
+            UIRenderer::drawGpsCoordinates(display, x, textPos[line++], gpsStatus, "line2");
        }

        // === Final Row: Altitude ===
@@ -1241,14 +1282,14 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
        } else {
            snprintf(altitudeLine, sizeof(altitudeLine), "Alt: %.0im", alt);
        }
-        display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line++], altitudeLine);
+        display->drawString(x, textPos[line++], altitudeLine);
    }
 #if !defined(M5STACK_UNITC6L)
-    // === Draw Compass if heading is valid ===
-    if (validHeading) {
+    // === Draw Compass ===
+    if (validHeading || statusLine1) {
        // --- Compass Rendering: landscape (wide) screens use original side-aligned logic ---
        if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
-            const int16_t topY = getTextPositions(display)[1];
+            const int16_t topY = textPos[1];
            const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1); // nav row height
            const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;

@@ -1261,29 +1302,33 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
            // Center vertically and nudge down slightly to keep "N" clear of header
            const int16_t compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;

-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, -heading);
            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (validHeading) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, -heading);

-            // "N" label
-            float northAngle = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-                northAngle = -heading;
-            float radius = compassRadius;
-            int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
-            int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
-            int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
-            int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
+                // "N" label
+                float northAngle = 0;
+                if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+                    northAngle = -heading;
+                float radius = compassRadius;
+                int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
+                int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
+                int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
+                int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;

-            display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-            display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
-            display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+                display->setColor(BLACK);
+                display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
+                display->setColor(WHITE);
+                display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+                display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+                display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
        } else {
            // Portrait or square: put compass at the bottom and centered, scaled to fit available space
            // For E-Ink screens, account for navigation bar at the bottom!
-            int yBelowContent = getTextPositions(display)[5] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
+            int yBelowContent = textPos[5] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
            const int margin = 4;
            int availableHeight =
 #if defined(USE_EINK)
@@ -1304,25 +1349,29 @@ void UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
            int compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
            int compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;

-            CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, -heading);
            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            if (validHeading) {
+                CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassRadius * 2, -heading);

-            // "N" label
-            float northAngle = 0;
-            if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
-                northAngle = -heading;
-            float radius = compassRadius;
-            int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
-            int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
-            int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
-            int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;
+                // "N" label
+                float northAngle = 0;
+                if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING)
+                    northAngle = -heading;
+                float radius = compassRadius;
+                int16_t nX = compassX + (radius - 1) * sin(northAngle);
+                int16_t nY = compassY - (radius - 1) * cos(northAngle);
+                int16_t nLabelWidth = display->getStringWidth("N") + 2;
+                int16_t nLabelHeightBox = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 1;

-            display->setColor(BLACK);
-            display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
-            display->setColor(WHITE);
-            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-            display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
-            display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+                display->setColor(BLACK);
+                display->fillRect(nX - nLabelWidth / 2, nY - nLabelHeightBox / 2, nLabelWidth, nLabelHeightBox);
+                display->setColor(WHITE);
+                display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+                display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+                display->drawString(nX, nY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "N");
+            } else {
+                drawCompassStatusText(display, compassX, compassY, statusLine1, statusLine2);
+            }
        }
    }
 #endif
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class UIRenderer
    // Navigation bar overlay
    static void drawNavigationBar(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);

-    static void drawNodeInfo(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+    static void drawFavoriteNode(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);

    static void drawDeviceFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+
+    NicheGraphics parallel E-Ink driver for the LilyGo T5-S3-ePaper-Pro (ED047TC1).
+
+    InkHUD buffer format : 1bpp, horizontal bytes, MSB = leftmost pixel, 1 = white
+    FastEPD buffer format: 1bpp, horizontal bytes, MSB = leftmost pixel, 1 = white
+
+    Both formats share the same pixel layout and polarity (1 = white, 0 = black).
+    The InkHUD safe-area buffer (944×523) is copied into the centre of the physical
+    960×540 FastEPD buffer so content clears the panel's inactive edge border.
+    See ED047TC1.h for the H_OFFSET_BYTES / V_OFFSET_TOP / V_OFFSET_BOTTOM constants.
+
+*/
+
+// Ruler diagnostic — uncomment to draw calibration lines at each physical edge.
+// #define EINK_EDGE_LINES
+
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
+#ifdef T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO
+
+#include "./ED047TC1.h"
+
+#include "FastEPD.h"
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+using namespace NicheGraphics::Drivers;
+
+void ED047TC1::begin(SPIClass *spi, uint8_t pin_dc, uint8_t pin_cs, uint8_t pin_busy, uint8_t pin_rst)
+{
+    // Parallel display — SPI parameters are not used
+    (void)spi;
+    (void)pin_dc;
+    (void)pin_cs;
+    (void)pin_busy;
+    (void)pin_rst;
+
+    epaper = new FASTEPD;
+
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1)
+    epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO, 28000000);
+#elif defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
+    epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO_V2, 28000000);
+    // Initialize all PCA9535 port-0 pins as outputs / HIGH
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        epaper->ioPinMode(i, OUTPUT);
+        epaper->ioWrite(i, HIGH);
+    }
+#else
+#error "ED047TC1 driver: unsupported variant — define T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1 or T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2"
+#endif
+
+    epaper->setMode(BB_MODE_1BPP);
+    epaper->clearWhite();
+    epaper->fullUpdate(true); // Blocking initial clear
+}
+
+void ED047TC1::update(uint8_t *imageData, UpdateTypes type)
+{
+    if (!epaper)
+        return;
+
+    // InkHUD renders into a DISPLAY_WIDTH × DISPLAY_HEIGHT safe-area buffer.
+    // We need to place that into the centre of the physical 960×540 FastEPD buffer,
+    // leaving blank margins at every edge to avoid the panel's inactive border.
+    const uint32_t srcRowBytes = (DISPLAY_WIDTH + 7) / 8; // bytes per row in InkHUD buffer (118)
+    const uint32_t dstRowBytes = (960 + 7) / 8;           // bytes per row in physical buffer (120)
+    const uint32_t dstTotalRows = 540;
+
+    uint8_t *cur = epaper->currentBuffer();
+
+    // Fill physical buffer with white (0xFF = white in FastEPD 1bpp)
+    memset(cur, 0xFF, dstRowBytes * dstTotalRows);
+
+    // Copy each InkHUD row into the physical buffer with horizontal + vertical offsets
+    for (uint32_t row = 0; row < DISPLAY_HEIGHT; row++) {
+        const uint8_t *srcRow = imageData + row * srcRowBytes;
+        uint8_t *dstRow = cur + (row + V_OFFSET_TOP) * dstRowBytes + H_OFFSET_BYTES;
+        memcpy(dstRow, srcRow, srcRowBytes);
+    }
+
+#ifdef EINK_EDGE_LINES
+    // Draw a 1px black box at the exact boundary of the safe area within the
+    // physical buffer. If the margins are correct, all 4 lines should be
+    // fully visible and right at the edge of the usable display area.
+
+    auto setPixelBlack = [&](uint32_t col, uint32_t row) { cur[row * dstRowBytes + col / 8] &= ~(0x80 >> (col % 8)); };
+
+    const uint32_t safeX = H_OFFSET_BYTES * 8;
+    const uint32_t safeY = V_OFFSET_TOP;
+    const uint32_t safeW = DISPLAY_WIDTH;
+    const uint32_t safeH = DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
+
+    // Top edge: horizontal line at safeY
+    for (uint32_t col = safeX; col < safeX + safeW; col++)
+        setPixelBlack(col, safeY);
+
+    // Bottom edge: horizontal line at safeY + safeH - 1
+    for (uint32_t col = safeX; col < safeX + safeW; col++)
+        setPixelBlack(col, safeY + safeH - 1);
+
+    // Left edge: vertical line at safeX
+    for (uint32_t row = safeY; row < safeY + safeH; row++)
+        setPixelBlack(safeX, row);
+
+    // Right edge: vertical line at safeX + safeW - 1
+    for (uint32_t row = safeY; row < safeY + safeH; row++)
+        setPixelBlack(safeX + safeW - 1, row);
+#endif
+
+    if (type == FULL) {
+        epaper->fullUpdate(CLEAR_SLOW, false);
+        epaper->backupPlane(); // Sync pPrevious so next partialUpdate has a correct baseline
+    } else {
+        // FAST: true partial update — compares pCurrent vs pPrevious and only applies
+        // the update waveform to rows that actually changed. Unchanged rows get a neutral
+        // signal (no visible effect). partialUpdate() updates pPrevious internally.
+        epaper->partialUpdate(false, 0, dstTotalRows - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO
+#endif // MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+
+    E-Ink display driver adapter
+        - ED047TC1 (via FastEPD library)
+        - Manufacturer: E Ink / used in LilyGo T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro
+        - Size: 4.7 inch
+        - Physical resolution: 960px x 540px
+        - Interface: 8-bit parallel (NOT SPI)
+
+    Unlike the other NicheGraphics EInk drivers, this one drives a parallel e-paper
+    panel via the FastEPD library. SPI parameters passed to begin() are ignored.
+
+    The ED047TC1 panel has an inactive pixel border on all four edges (~4–8 physical
+    pixels). DISPLAY_WIDTH / DISPLAY_HEIGHT expose a reduced "safe area" to InkHUD so
+    that content is never drawn into this dead zone. The update() method copies the
+    InkHUD frame buffer into the centre of the larger physical 960×540 buffer, using
+    H_OFFSET_BYTES (horizontal, whole bytes = 8 pixels per byte),
+    V_OFFSET_TOP and V_OFFSET_BOTTOM (vertical, pixel rows) to position it.
+
+    Changing these constants shifts content inward from each physical edge:
+        H_OFFSET_BYTES = 1  →  8px left margin, 8px right margin   (960 – 8 – 8   = 944)
+        V_OFFSET_TOP   = 9  →  9px top margin  (asymmetric: top ≠ bottom)
+        V_OFFSET_BOTTOM = 8 →  8px bottom margin                    (540 – 9 – 8   = 523)
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#include "./EInk.h"
+
+// Forward declare to avoid pulling FastEPD into all translation units
+class FASTEPD;
+
+namespace NicheGraphics::Drivers
+{
+
+class ED047TC1 : public EInk
+{
+    // Safe-area dimensions exposed to InkHUD (physical panel is 960×540).
+    //
+    // The ED047TC1 has an inactive pixel border on all physical edges.
+    // The physical buffer coordinates do NOT directly match the visual orientation
+    // due to FastEPD's portrait scan direction and InkHUD's rotation=3 (270° CW):
+    //
+    //   Physical buffer          Visual on device (rotation=3)
+    //   ─────────────────        ──────────────────────────────
+    //   Physical LEFT  cols  →   Visual TOP    edge
+    //   Physical RIGHT cols  →   Visual BOTTOM edge
+    //   Physical TOP   rows  →   Visual RIGHT  edge
+    //   Physical BOTTOM rows →   Visual LEFT   edge
+    //
+    // Offset constants shift the InkHUD safe-area away from each physical dead zone:
+    //   H_OFFSET_BYTES : whole bytes from physical left  (8px per byte, affects visual TOP)
+    //   Physical right margin = 960 − H_OFFSET_BYTES×8 − DISPLAY_WIDTH  (affects visual BOTTOM)
+    //   V_OFFSET_TOP   : pixel rows from physical top    (affects visual RIGHT)
+    //   V_OFFSET_BOTTOM: pixel rows from physical bottom (affects visual LEFT)
+    //
+    // Calibrated by flashing a 1px border box and adjusting until all 4 sides are visible.
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t DISPLAY_WIDTH = 944;  // 960 − H_OFFSET_BYTES×8 − right_margin (8+8 = 16px)
+    static constexpr uint16_t DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 523; // 540 − V_OFFSET_TOP − V_OFFSET_BOTTOM (9+8 = 17px)
+
+    static constexpr uint8_t H_OFFSET_BYTES = 1;  // visual TOP  : 8px physical left margin
+                                                  // visual BOTTOM: 960−8−944=8px physical right margin
+    static constexpr uint8_t V_OFFSET_TOP = 9;    // visual RIGHT : CONFIRMED OK
+    static constexpr uint8_t V_OFFSET_BOTTOM = 8; // visual LEFT  : 8px physical bottom margin
+
+    static constexpr UpdateTypes supported = static_cast<UpdateTypes>(FULL | FAST);
+
+  public:
+    ED047TC1() : EInk(DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT, supported) {}
+
+    // EInk interface — SPI params are not used for this parallel display
+    void begin(SPIClass *spi, uint8_t pin_dc, uint8_t pin_cs, uint8_t pin_busy, uint8_t pin_rst = 0xFF) override;
+    void update(uint8_t *imageData, UpdateTypes type) override;
+
+  protected:
+    bool isUpdateDone() override { return true; } // FastEPD updates are blocking
+
+  private:
+    FASTEPD *epaper = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace NicheGraphics::Drivers
+
+#endif // MESHTASTIC_INCLUDE_NICHE_GRAPHICS
@@ -88,8 +88,12 @@ class AppletFont

 // Greek
 #include "graphics/niche/Fonts/FreeSans12pt_Win1253.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/Fonts/FreeSans18pt_Win1253.h"
+#include "graphics/niche/Fonts/FreeSans24pt_Win1253.h"
 #include "graphics/niche/Fonts/FreeSans6pt_Win1253.h"
 #include "graphics/niche/Fonts/FreeSans9pt_Win1253.h"
+#define FREESANS_24PT_WIN1253 InkHUD::AppletFont(FreeSans24pt_Win1253, InkHUD::AppletFont::WINDOWS_1253, -5, 3)
+#define FREESANS_18PT_WIN1253 InkHUD::AppletFont(FreeSans18pt_Win1253, InkHUD::AppletFont::WINDOWS_1253, -4, 2)
 #define FREESANS_12PT_WIN1253 InkHUD::AppletFont(FreeSans12pt_Win1253, InkHUD::AppletFont::WINDOWS_1253, -3, 1)
 #define FREESANS_9PT_WIN1253 InkHUD::AppletFont(FreeSans9pt_Win1253, InkHUD::AppletFont::WINDOWS_1253, -2, -1)
 #define FREESANS_6PT_WIN1253 InkHUD::AppletFont(FreeSans6pt_Win1253, InkHUD::AppletFont::WINDOWS_1253, -1, -2)
@@ -177,24 +177,8 @@ static void applyLoRaRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region)
    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-    if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-        bool keygenSuccess = false;
-
-        if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-            if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                keygenSuccess = true;
-            }
-        } else {
-            crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-            keygenSuccess = true;
-        }
-
-        if (keygenSuccess) {
-            config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-            config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-            owner.public_key.size = 32;
-            memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-        }
+    if (crypto) {
+        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
    }
 #endif

@@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ int32_t ButtonThread::runOnce()
        leadUpSequenceActive = false;
        resetLeadUpSequence();
    }
+#ifdef INPUT_DEBUG
+    if (buttonCurrentlyPressed)
+        LOG_WARN("Button held for %u ms", millis() - buttonPressStartTime);
+#endif

    // Progressive lead-up sound system
    if (!_suppressLeadUp && buttonCurrentlyPressed && (millis() - buttonPressStartTime) >= BUTTON_LEADUP_MS) {
@@ -311,7 +315,8 @@ int32_t ButtonThread::runOnce()
 void ButtonThread::attachButtonInterrupts()
 {
    // Interrupt for user button, during normal use. Improves responsiveness.
-    attachInterrupt(_pinNum, _intRoutine, CHANGE);
+    if (_intRoutine != nullptr)
+        attachInterrupt(_pinNum, _intRoutine, CHANGE);
 }

 /*
@@ -320,7 +325,8 @@ void ButtonThread::attachButtonInterrupts()
 */
 void ButtonThread::detachButtonInterrupts()
 {
-    detachInterrupt(_pinNum);
+    if (_intRoutine != nullptr)
+        detachInterrupt(_pinNum);
 }

 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ void TouchScreenImpl1::init()
    return;
 #else
    TouchScreenBase::init(true);
-    inputBroker->registerSource(this);
+    if (inputBroker)
+        inputBroker->registerSource(this);
 #endif
 }

@@ -340,138 +340,9 @@ void setup()

 #ifdef BLE_LED
    pinMode(BLE_LED, OUTPUT);
-#ifdef BLE_LED_INVERTED
-    digitalWrite(BLE_LED, HIGH);
-#else
-    digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LOW);
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(T_DECK)
-    // GPIO10 manages all peripheral power supplies
-    // Turn on peripheral power immediately after MUC starts.
-    // If some boards are turned on late, ESP32 will reset due to low voltage.
-    // ESP32-C3(Keyboard) , MAX98357A(Audio Power Amplifier) ,
-    // TF Card , Display backlight(AW9364DNR) , AN48841B(Trackball) , ES7210(Decoder)
-    pinMode(KB_POWERON, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(KB_POWERON, HIGH);
-    // T-Deck has all three SPI peripherals (TFT, SD, LoRa) attached to the same SPI bus
-    // We need to initialize all CS pins in advance otherwise there will be SPI communication issues
-    // e.g. when detecting the SD card
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(TFT_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(TFT_CS, HIGH);
-    delay(100);
-#elif defined(T_DECK_PRO)
-    pinMode(LORA_EN, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_EN, HIGH);
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(PIN_EINK_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_CS, HIGH);
-#if PIN_EINK_RES >= 0
-    pinMode(PIN_EINK_RES, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_RES, HIGH);
-#endif
-    pinMode(CST328_PIN_RST, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(CST328_PIN_RST, HIGH);
-#elif defined(T_LORA_PAGER)
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(TFT_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(TFT_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(KB_INT, INPUT_PULLUP);
-    // io expander
-    io.begin(Wire, XL9555_SLAVE_ADDRESS0, SDA, SCL);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_DRV_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_DRV_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_AMP_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_AMP_EN, LOW);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_LORA_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_LORA_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_GPS_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_GPS_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_KB_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_KB_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_SD_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_SD_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_GPIO_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_GPIO_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_SD_PULLEN, INPUT);
-#elif defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
-    pinMode(KB_INT, INPUT);
    digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LED_STATE_OFF);
 #endif

-#if defined(T_DECK)
-    // GPIO10 manages all peripheral power supplies
-    // Turn on peripheral power immediately after MUC starts.
-    // If some boards are turned on late, ESP32 will reset due to low voltage.
-    // ESP32-C3(Keyboard) , MAX98357A(Audio Power Amplifier) ,
-    // TF Card , Display backlight(AW9364DNR) , AN48841B(Trackball) , ES7210(Decoder)
-    pinMode(KB_POWERON, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(KB_POWERON, HIGH);
-    // T-Deck has all three SPI peripherals (TFT, SD, LoRa) attached to the same SPI bus
-    // We need to initialize all CS pins in advance otherwise there will be SPI communication issues
-    // e.g. when detecting the SD card
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(TFT_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(TFT_CS, HIGH);
-    delay(100);
-#elif defined(T_DECK_PRO)
-    pinMode(LORA_EN, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_EN, HIGH);
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(PIN_EINK_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_CS, HIGH);
-#if PIN_EINK_RES >= 0
-    pinMode(PIN_EINK_RES, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(PIN_EINK_RES, HIGH);
-#endif
-    pinMode(CST328_PIN_RST, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(CST328_PIN_RST, HIGH);
-#elif defined(T_LORA_PAGER)
-    pinMode(LORA_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LORA_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(TFT_CS, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(TFT_CS, HIGH);
-    pinMode(KB_INT, INPUT_PULLUP);
-    // io expander
-    io.begin(Wire, XL9555_SLAVE_ADDRESS0, SDA, SCL);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_DRV_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_DRV_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_AMP_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_AMP_EN, LOW);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_LORA_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_LORA_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_GPS_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_GPS_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_KB_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_KB_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_SD_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_SD_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_GPIO_EN, OUTPUT);
-    io.digitalWrite(EXPANDS_GPIO_EN, HIGH);
-    io.pinMode(EXPANDS_SD_PULLEN, INPUT);
-#elif defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
-    pinMode(KB_INT, INPUT);
-#endif
-
    concurrency::hasBeenSetup = true;
 #if HAS_SCREEN
    meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_OledType screen_model =
@@ -10,8 +10,26 @@
 #include "memGet.h"
 #include "configuration.h"

-#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+#if defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP)
 #include <malloc.h>
+#include <unistd.h> // sbrk
+
+#ifdef ARCH_STM32WL
+// Returns the uncommitted sbrk headroom: addressable space between the current heap
+// break and the stack pointer that has not yet been committed to the arena.
+static uint32_t sbrkHeadroom()
+{
+    // defined in STM32 linker script
+    extern char _estack;
+    extern char _Min_Stack_Size;
+
+    uint32_t max_sp = (uint32_t)(&_estack - &_Min_Stack_Size);
+    uint32_t heap_end = (uint32_t)sbrk(0);
+    return (max_sp > heap_end) ? (max_sp - heap_end) : 0;
+}
+#else
+#error Unsupported architecture!
+#endif
 #endif

 MemGet memGet;
@@ -28,9 +46,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getFreeHeap()
    return dbgHeapFree();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
    return rp2040.getFreeHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
    struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.fordblks; // Total free space (bytes)
+    return m.fordblks + sbrkHeadroom(); // Free space within arena + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
    // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
    return UINT32_MAX;
@@ -49,9 +67,9 @@ uint32_t MemGet::getHeapSize()
    return dbgHeapTotal();
 #elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
    return rp2040.getTotalHeap();
-#elif defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#elif defined(MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP) // Currently: ARCH_STM32WL
    struct mallinfo m = mallinfo();
-    return m.arena; // Non-mmapped space allocated (bytes)
+    return m.arena + sbrkHeadroom(); // Non-mmapped space allocated + uncommitted sbrk headroom
 #else
    // this platform does not have heap management function implemented
    return UINT32_MAX;
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <memory>

 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "aes-ccm.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,15 @@ void CryptoEngine::generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
 {
    // Mix in any randomness we can, to make key generation stronger.
    CryptRNG.begin(optstr(APP_VERSION));
+
+    uint8_t hardwareEntropy[64] = {0};
+    if (HardwareRNG::fill(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy), true)) {
+        CryptRNG.stir(hardwareEntropy, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+    } else {
+        LOG_WARN("Hardware entropy unavailable, falling back to software RNG");
+    }
+    memset(hardwareEntropy, 0, sizeof(hardwareEntropy));
+
    if (myNodeInfo.device_id.size == 16) {
        CryptRNG.stir(myNodeInfo.device_id.bytes, myNodeInfo.device_id.size);
    }
@@ -61,6 +71,33 @@ bool CryptoEngine::regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
    }
    return true;
 }
+
+bool CryptoEngine::ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user)
+{
+    if (user.is_licensed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool keygenSuccess = false;
+    if (security.private_key.size == 32) {
+        if (regeneratePublicKey(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes)) {
+            keygenSuccess = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
+        generateKeyPair(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes);
+        keygenSuccess = true;
+    }
+
+    if (keygenSuccess) {
+        security.public_key.size = 32;
+        security.private_key.size = 32;
+        user.public_key.size = 32;
+        memcpy(user.public_key.bytes, security.public_key.bytes, 32);
+    }
+
+    return keygenSuccess;
+}
 #endif

 /**
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class CryptoEngine
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN)
    virtual void generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
    virtual bool regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
+    virtual bool ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user);

 #endif
    void setDHPrivateKey(uint8_t *_private_key);
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 #define min_node_info_broadcast_secs 60 * 60 // No regular broadcasts of more than once an hour
 #define min_neighbor_info_broadcast_secs 4 * 60 * 60
 #define default_map_publish_interval_secs 60 * 60
+
+// Traffic management defaults
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_precision_bits 24               // ~10m grid cells
+#define default_traffic_mgmt_position_min_interval_secs (ONE_DAY / 2) // 12 hours between identical positions
+
 #ifdef USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #define default_ringtone_nag_secs USERPREFS_RINGTONE_NAG_SECS
 #else
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "HardwareRNG.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+#include "RadioLibInterface.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+#include <Adafruit_nRFCrypto.h>
+extern Adafruit_nRFCrypto nRFCrypto;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+#include <esp_system.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+#include <random>
+#include <sys/random.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+void fillWithRandomDevice(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    std::random_device rd;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rd();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+}
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+bool mixWithLoRaEntropy(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    // Only attempt to pull entropy from the modem if it is initialized and exposes the helper.
+    // When the radio stack is disabled or has not yet been configured, we simply skip this step
+    // and return false so callers know no extra mixing occurred.
+    RadioLibInterface *radio = RadioLibInterface::instance;
+    if (!radio) {
+        // Intentionally silent: this path runs during portduinoSetup() before the
+        // console/SerialConsole is initialized, so LOG_* here would dereference a null pointer.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t chunkSize = 16;
+    uint8_t scratch[chunkSize];
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    bool mixed = false;
+
+    while (offset < length) {
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, chunkSize);
+
+        // randomBytes() returns false if the modem does not support it or is not ready
+        // (for instance, when the radio is powered down). We break immediately to avoid
+        // blocking or returning partially-filled entropy and simply report failure.
+        if (!radio->randomBytes(scratch, toCopy)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < toCopy; ++i) {
+            buffer[offset + i] ^= scratch[i];
+        }
+
+        mixed = true;
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid leaving the modem-sourced bytes sitting on the stack longer than needed.
+    if (mixed) {
+        memset(scratch, 0, sizeof(scratch));
+    }
+
+    return mixed;
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace
+
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool filled = false;
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+    // The Nordic SDK RNG provides cryptographic-quality randomness backed by hardware.
+    nRFCrypto.begin();
+    auto result = nRFCrypto.Random.generate(buffer, length);
+    nRFCrypto.end();
+    filled = result;
+#elif defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+    // ESP32 exposes a true RNG via esp_fill_random().
+    esp_fill_random(buffer, length);
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+    // RP2040 has a hardware random number generator accessible through the Arduino core.
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < length) {
+        uint32_t value = rp2040.hwrand32();
+        size_t toCopy = std::min(length - offset, sizeof(value));
+        memcpy(buffer + offset, &value, toCopy);
+        offset += toCopy;
+    }
+    filled = true;
+#elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
+    // Prefer the host OS RNG first when running under Portduino.
+    ssize_t generated = ::getrandom(buffer, length, 0);
+    if (generated == static_cast<ssize_t>(length)) {
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!filled) {
+        // As a last resort, fall back to std::random_device. This should only be reached
+        // if a platform-specific source was unavailable.
+        fillWithRandomDevice(buffer, length);
+        filled = true;
+    }
+
+#if HAS_RADIO
+    if (useRadioEntropy) {
+        // Best-effort: if the radio is active and can provide modem entropy, XOR it over the
+        // buffer to improve overall quality. We consider the filling a success if either a
+        // good platform RNG or the modem RNG provided data, so we return true as long as at
+        // least one of those steps succeeded.
+        filled = mixWithLoRaEntropy(buffer, length) || filled;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return filled;
+}
+
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut)
+{
+    uint32_t candidate = 0;
+    if (!fill(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&candidate), sizeof(candidate), true)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    seedOut = candidate;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace HardwareRNG
+{
+
+/**
+ * Fill the provided buffer with random bytes sourced from the most
+ * appropriate hardware-backed RNG available on the current platform.
+ *
+ * @param buffer Destination buffer for random bytes
+ * @param length Number of bytes to write
+ * @param useRadioEntropy If true, attempt to mix radio entropy into the output as well.
+ * @return true if the buffer was fully populated with entropy, false on failure
+ */
+bool fill(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, bool useRadioEntropy = false);
+
+/**
+ * Populate a 32-bit seed value with hardware-backed randomness where possible.
+ *
+ * @param seedOut Destination for the generated seed value
+ * @return true if a seed was produced from a reliable entropy source
+ */
+bool seed(uint32_t &seedOut);
+
+} // namespace HardwareRNG
@@ -71,12 +71,10 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::init()

    RadioLibInterface::init();

-    limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER);
-
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) &&
-        (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) { // clamp again if wide freq range
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-        preambleLength = 12; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
    }

 #ifdef LR11X0_RF_SWITCH_SUBGHZ
@@ -177,6 +175,12 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
    err = lora.setSyncWord(syncWord);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    if (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) { // clamp if wide freq range
+        limitPower(LR1120_MAX_POWER);
+    } else {
+        limitPower(LR1110_MAX_POWER); // default clamp for non-wide freq range
+    }
+
    err = lora.setPreambleLength(preambleLength);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

@@ -184,14 +188,14 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > LR1110_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = LR1110_MAX_POWER;
-    if ((power > LR1120_MAX_POWER) && (config.lora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24)) // 2.4G power limit
-        power = LR1120_MAX_POWER;
-
    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY, matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("LR11x0 setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ class MeshModule
    static AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessageForAllModules(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp,
                                                                    meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
                                                                    meshtastic_AdminMessage *response);
+    const char *getName() const { return name; }
 #if HAS_SCREEN
    virtual void drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y) { return; }
    virtual bool isRequestingFocus();                          // Checked by screen, when regenerating frameset
@@ -4,19 +4,54 @@
 #include "MeshTypes.h"
 #include "PointerQueue.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include "detect/LoRaRadioType.h"
+
+// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array
+static constexpr meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
+    static_cast<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>(0xFF);
+
+// Region profile: bundles the preset list with regulatory parameters shared across regions
+struct RegionProfile {
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *presets; // sentinel-terminated; first entry is the default
+    float spacing;                                           // gaps between radio channels
+    float padding;                                           // padding at each side of the "operating channel"
+    bool audioPermitted;
+    bool licensedOnly;        // a region profile for licensed operators only
+    int8_t textThrottle;      // throttle for text - future expansion
+    int8_t positionThrottle;  // throttle for location data - future expansion
+    int8_t telemetryThrottle; // throttle for telemetry - future expansion
+    uint8_t overrideSlot;     // a per-region override slot for if we need to fix it in place
+};
+
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_LITE;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_NARROW;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_HAM;

 // Map from old region names to new region enums
 struct RegionInfo {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code;
    float freqStart;
    float freqEnd;
-    float dutyCycle;
-    float spacing;
+    float dutyCycle;    // modified by getEffectiveDutyCycle
    uint8_t powerLimit; // Or zero for not set
-    bool audioPermitted;
    bool freqSwitching;
    bool wideLora;
+    const RegionProfile *profile;
    const char *name; // EU433 etc
+
+    // Preset accessors (delegate through profile)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset getDefaultPreset() const { return profile->presets[0]; }
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *getAvailablePresets() const { return profile->presets; }
+    size_t getNumPresets() const
+    {
+        size_t n = 0;
+        while (profile->presets[n] != MODEM_PRESET_END)
+            n++;
+        return n;
+    }
 };

 extern const RegionInfo regions[];
@@ -25,7 +60,7 @@ extern const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 extern void initRegion();

 // Valid LoRa spread factor range and defaults
-constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 7;
+constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MIN = 5;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_MAX = 12;
 constexpr uint8_t LORA_SF_DEFAULT = 11; // LONG_FAST default

@@ -37,10 +72,14 @@ constexpr uint8_t LORA_CR_DEFAULT = 5; // LONG_FAST default
 // Default bandwidth in kHz (LONG_FAST)
 constexpr float LORA_BW_DEFAULT_KHZ = 250.0f;

-/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [7, 12].
+/// Clamp spread factor to the valid LoRa range [5, 12].
 /// Out-of-range values (including 0 from unset preset mode) return LORA_SF_DEFAULT.
 static inline uint8_t clampSpreadFactor(uint8_t sf)
 {
+    // We check for RF95 radios that are incompatible with Spreading Factors 5 and 6.
+    if (radioType == RF95_RADIO && (sf == 5 || sf == 6))
+        return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
+
    if (sf < LORA_SF_MIN || sf > LORA_SF_MAX)
        return LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
    return sf;
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #endif
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "NodeDB.h"

 NextHopRouter::NextHopRouter() {}
@@ -126,15 +129,28 @@ void NextHopRouter::sniffReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtast
 /* Check if we should be rebroadcasting this packet if so, do so. */
 bool NextHopRouter::perhapsRebroadcast(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 {
-    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && p->hop_limit > 0) {
+    // Check if traffic management wants to exhaust this packet's hops
+    bool exhaustHops = false;
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    if (trafficManagementModule && trafficManagementModule->shouldExhaustHops(*p)) {
+        exhaustHops = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Allow rebroadcast if hop_limit > 0 OR if we're exhausting hops (which sets hop_limit = 0 but still needs one relay)
+    if (!isToUs(p) && !isFromUs(p) && (p->hop_limit > 0 || exhaustHops)) {
        if (p->id != 0) {
            if (isRebroadcaster()) {
                if (p->next_hop == NO_NEXT_HOP_PREFERENCE || p->next_hop == nodeDB->getLastByteOfNodeNum(getNodeNum())) {
                    meshtastic_MeshPacket *tosend = packetPool.allocCopy(*p); // keep a copy because we will be sending it
                    LOG_INFO("Rebroadcast received message coming from %x", p->relay_node);

-                    // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
-                    if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                    // If exhausting hops, force hop_limit = 0 regardless of other logic
+                    if (exhaustHops) {
+                        tosend->hop_limit = 0;
+                        LOG_INFO("Traffic management: exhausting hops for 0x%08x, setting hop_limit=0", getFrom(p));
+                    } else if (shouldDecrementHopLimit(p)) {
+                        // Use shared logic to determine if hop_limit should be decremented
                        tosend->hop_limit--; // bump down the hop count
                    } else {
                        LOG_INFO("favorite-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE-to-ROUTER/CLIENT_BASE rebroadcast: preserving hop_limit");
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
    // Coerce LoRa config fields derived from presets while bootstrapping.
    // Some clients/UI components display bandwidth/spread_factor directly from config even in preset mode.
    if (config.has_lora && config.lora.use_preset) {
-        RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(config.lora);
+        RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(config.lora);
    }

 #if defined(USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED) && USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED
@@ -1657,6 +1657,25 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
    return delta;
 }

+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+    // Guard against invalid values.
+    if (p.hop_start < p.hop_limit)
+        return HopStartStatus::INVALID;
+
+    if (p.hop_start == 0) {
+        // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
+        // bitfield that is always present. Use the presence of the bitfield to determine if the origin's firmware
+        // version is guaranteed to have hop_start populated. Note that this can only be done for decoded packets as
+        // the bitfield is encrypted under the channel encryption key.
+        if (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag && p.decoded.has_bitfield)
+            return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+        return HopStartStatus::MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return HopStartStatus::VALID;
+}
+
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown)
 {
    // Firmware prior to 2.3.0 (585805c) lacked a hop_start field. Firmware version 2.5.0 (bf34329) introduced a
@@ -1694,6 +1713,22 @@ size_t NodeDB::getNumOnlineMeshNodes(bool localOnly)
 #include "MeshModule.h"
 #include "Throttle.h"

+static constexpr uint32_t HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
+
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context)
+{
+    static uint32_t lastLogMs = 0;
+    if (Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastLogMs, HOPSTART_DROP_LOG_INTERVAL_MS)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    lastLogMs = millis();
+    const bool decoded = (p.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag);
+    const bool hasBitfield = decoded && p.decoded.has_bitfield;
+    LOG_DEBUG(
+        "Drop packet (%s): hop_start invalid/missing (from=0x%x id=%u hop_start=%u hop_limit=%u decoded=%d has_bitfield=%d)",
+        context ? context : "unknown", p.from, p.id, p.hop_start, p.hop_limit, decoded, hasBitfield);
+}
+
 /** Update position info for this node based on received position data
 */
 void NodeDB::updatePosition(uint32_t nodeId, const meshtastic_Position &p, RxSource src)
@@ -114,6 +114,27 @@ uint32_t sinceReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p);
 /// Returns defaultIfUnknown if the number of hops couldn't be determined.
 int8_t getHopsAway(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, int8_t defaultIfUnknown = -1);

+enum class HopStartStatus : uint8_t { VALID = 0, MISSING_OR_UNKNOWN, INVALID };
+
+/// Classify hop_start validity for forwarding decisions.
+HopStartStatus classifyHopStart(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p);
+
+inline bool shouldDropPacketForPreHop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p)
+{
+#if !MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
+    (void)p;
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (isFromUs(&p)) {
+        return false; // local-originated packets should never be dropped by pre-hop drop policy
+    }
+    return classifyHopStart(p) != HopStartStatus::VALID;
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Rate-limited debug log when hop_start is invalid/missing and packet is dropped.
+void logHopStartDrop(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &p, const char *context);
+
 enum LoadFileResult {
    // Successfully opened the file
    LOAD_SUCCESS = 1,
@@ -465,8 +465,18 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
            break;
+        case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+            LOG_DEBUG("Send module config: traffic management");
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
+        case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_tak_tag:
+            LOG_DEBUG("Send module config: tak");
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_tak_tag;
+            fromRadioScratch.moduleConfig.payload_variant.tak = moduleConfig.tak;
+            break;
        default:
-            LOG_ERROR("Unknown module config type %d", config_state);
+            LOG_DEBUG("Unhandled module config type %d", config_state);
        }

        config_state++;
@@ -17,14 +17,4 @@ template <class T> class PointerQueue : public TypedQueue<T *>

        return this->dequeue(&p, maxWait) ? p : nullptr;
    }
-
-#ifdef HAS_FREE_RTOS
-    // returns a ptr or null if the queue was empty
-    T *dequeuePtrFromISR(BaseType_t *higherPriWoken)
-    {
-        T *p;
-
-        return this->dequeueFromISR(&p, higherPriWoken) ? p : nullptr;
-    }
-#endif
 };
@@ -240,8 +240,7 @@ bool RF95Interface::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > RF95_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = RF95_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(RF95_MAX_POWER);

 #ifdef USE_RF95_RFO
    err = lora->setOutputPower(power, true);
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <pb_decode.h>
 #include <pb_encode.h>
+#include <string.h>

 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
@@ -32,10 +33,32 @@
 #include "STM32WLE5JCInterface.h"
 #endif

-#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, frequency_switching, wide_lora)      \
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_STD[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,    MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_EU_868[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_UNDEF[] = {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+                                                                         MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+// Region profiles: bundle preset list + regulatory parameters shared across regions
+// presets, spacing, padding, audio, licensed, text throttle, position throttle, telemetry throttle, override slot
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD = {PRESETS_STD, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868 = {PRESETS_EU_868, 0, 0, false, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF = {PRESETS_UNDEF, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching, wide_lora, profile_ptr)                   \
    {                                                                                                                            \
-        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, \
-            frequency_switching, wide_lora, #name                                                                                \
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching,      \
+            wide_lora, &profile_ptr, #name                                                                                       \
    }

 const RegionInfo regions[] = {
@@ -43,7 +66,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4842-4357-2%2F1.pdf
        https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
    */
-    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        EN300220 ETSI V3.2.1 [Table B.1, Item H, p. 21]
@@ -51,8 +74,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.02.01_60/en_30022002v030201p.pdf
        FIXME: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3371
     */
-    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
+    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
    /*
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/duty-cycle/
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
@@ -67,33 +89,33 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
       AFA) to avoid a duty cycle. (Please refer to line P page 22 of this document.)
       https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.01.01_60/en_30022002v030101p.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 0, 27, false, false, false),
+    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_EU868),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 0, 19, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 19, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
        https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/5-STD-T108v1_5-E1.pdf
        https://qiita.com/ammo0613/items/d952154f1195b64dc29f
     */
-    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 0, 13, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 13, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.iot.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/IoTSpectrumFactSheet.pdf
        https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
        Also used in Brazil.
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433.05 - 434.79 MHz, 25mW EIRP max, No duty cycle restrictions
        AU Low Interference Potential https://www.acma.gov.au/licences/low-interference-potential-devices-lipd-class-licence
        NZ General User Radio Licence for Short Range Devices https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-go3100
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://digital.gov.ru/uploaded/files/prilozhenie-12-k-reshenyu-gkrch-18-46-03-1.pdf
@@ -101,13 +123,13 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Note:
            - We do LBT, so 100% is allowed.
     */
-    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=53943&efYd=0
        https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp002-1-0-4-regional-parameters
     */
-    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 0, 23, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 23, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Taiwan, 920-925Mhz, limited to 0.5W indoor or coastal, 1.0W outdoor.
@@ -115,44 +137,40 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.ncc.gov.tw/english/files/23070/102_5190_230703_1_doc_C.PDF
        https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/egFront/e_detail.do?metaid=147283
     */
-    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
         https://rrf.rsm.govt.nz/smart-web/smart/page/-smart/domain/licence/LicenceSummary.wdk?id=219752
         https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 36, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 36, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
       https://standard.nbtc.go.th/getattachment/Standards/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1/1033-2565.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH
       Thailand 920–925 MHz set max TX power to 27 dBm and enforce 10% duty cycle, aligned with NBTC regulations.
    */
-    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433,05-434,7 Mhz 10 mW
-        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
-    */
-    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
-    /*
        868,0-868,6 Mhz 25 mW
        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
        433 - 435 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
@@ -161,14 +179,14 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Frequency hopping is used for 919 - 923 MHz.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, true, false),
+    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 27, true, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Singapore
        SG_923 Band 30d: 917 - 925 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulation-licensing-and-consultations/ict-standards/telecommunication-standards/radio-comms/imdatssrd.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Philippines
@@ -178,8 +196,9 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/4948#issuecomment-2394926135
    */

-    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false), RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 0, 24, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 24, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Kazakhstan
@@ -187,37 +206,38 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                863 - 868 MHz <25 mW EIRP, 500kHz channels allowed, must not be used at airfields
                                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/7204
    */
-    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Nepal
        865 MHz to 868 MHz frequency band for IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), and smart metering use,
       specifically in non-cellular mode. https://www.nta.gov.np/uploads/contents/Radio-Frequency-Policy-2080-English.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Brazil
        902 - 907.5 MHz , 1W power limit, no duty cycle restrictions
        https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3741
    */
-    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       2.4 GHZ WLAN Band equivalent. Only for SX128x chips.
    */
-    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, true),
+    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        This needs to be last. Same as US.
    */
-    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false)
+    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_UNDEF)

 };

 const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 bool RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+bool RadioInterface::uses_custom_channel_name = false;

 static uint8_t bytes[MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 1];

@@ -503,45 +523,14 @@ void initRegion()
    myRegion = r;
 }

-void RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
 {
-    if (!loraConfig.use_preset) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Find region info to determine whether "wide" LoRa is permitted (2.4 GHz uses wider bandwidth codes).
    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
-    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != loraConfig.region; r++)
+    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != code; r++)
        ;
-
-    const bool regionWideLora = r->wideLora;
-
-    float bwKHz = 0;
-    uint8_t sf = 0;
-    uint8_t cr = 0;
-    modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-
-    // If selected preset requests a bandwidth larger than the region span, fall back to LONG_FAST.
-    if (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && (r->freqEnd - r->freqStart) < (bwKHz / 1000.0f)) {
-        loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
-        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-    }
-
-    loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(bwKHz);
-    loraConfig.spread_factor = sf;
+    return r;
 }

-/**
- * ## LoRaWAN for North America
-
-LoRaWAN defines 64, 125 kHz channels from 902.3 to 914.9 MHz increments.
-
-The maximum output power for North America is +30 dBM.
-
-The band is from 902 to 928 MHz. It mentions channel number and its respective channel frequency. All the 13 channels are
-separated by 2.16 MHz with respect to the adjacent channels. Channel zero starts at 903.08 MHz center frequency.
-*/
-
 uint32_t RadioInterface::getPacketTime(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool received)
 {
    uint32_t pl = 0;
@@ -751,7 +740,7 @@ void RadioInterface::saveFreq(float freq)
 }

 /**
- * Save our channel for later reuse.
+ * Save our frequency slot (aka channel) for later reuse.
 */
 void RadioInterface::saveChannelNum(uint32_t channel_num)
 {
@@ -774,113 +763,304 @@ uint32_t RadioInterface::getChannelNum()
    return savedChannelNum;
 }

+/**
+ * Send an error-level client notification. Safe to call when service is null (e.g. in tests).
+ */
+static void sendErrorNotification(const char *msg)
+{
+    if (!service)
+        return;
+    meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
+    if (!cn)
+        return;
+    cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
+    snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", msg);
+    service->sendClientNotification(cn);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a region is valid for the current settings.
+ * Returns false if not compatible.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    // If you are not licensed, you can't use ham regions.
+    if (newRegion->profile->licensedOnly && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed) {
+        char err_string[160];
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Region %s requires licensed mode", newRegion->name);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Internal helper: validate or clamp a LoRa config against its region.
+ * When clamp==false, returns false on first error (pure validation).
+ * When clamp==true, fixes invalid settings in-place and returns true.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp)
+{
+    char err_string[160];
+    float check_bw;
+
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    const char *presetName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+
+    // Check preset validity (only when use_preset is true)
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+
+        bool preset_valid = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newRegion->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (loraConfig.modem_preset == newRegion->getAvailablePresets()[i]) {
+                preset_valid = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!preset_valid) {
+            const char *defaultName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), false, true);
+            if (clamp) {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s, using %s", presetName, newRegion->name,
+                         defaultName);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s", presetName, newRegion->name);
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+                check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate width of slots (aka channels) based on bandwidth and any spacing or padding required by the region:
+    // spacing = gap between slots (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the slots (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+
+    // Check if the region supports the requested bandwidth
+    if ((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) < freqSlotWidth) {
+        const float regionSpanKHz = (newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz", newRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, check_bw);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+        if (clamp) {
+            loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(modemPresetToBwKHz(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), newRegion->wideLora));
+            check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+
+            // Recompute slot width and number of slots based on the new bandwidth
+            freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+            numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+    const char *presetNameDisplay =
+        DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+    uint32_t channelNameHashSlot = hash(channelName) % numFreqSlots;
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot = hash(presetNameDisplay) % numFreqSlots;
+
+    if (loraConfig.override_frequency == 0) {
+
+        // Check if we use the default frequency slot
+        uses_default_frequency_slot =
+            (loraConfig.channel_num == 0) || // user choice unset, no frequency override, so use default
+            (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0 &&
+             loraConfig.channel_num == newRegion->profile->overrideSlot) || // user setting matches override
+            ((newRegion->profile->overrideSlot == 0) &&
+             ((uint32_t)(loraConfig.channel_num - 1) == presetNameHashSlot)); // user setting matches preset hash, no override
+
+        // check if user setting different to preset name
+        uses_custom_channel_name = (strcmp(channelName, presetNameDisplay) != 0);
+
+        if (loraConfig.channel_num > numFreqSlots) {
+            snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Channel number %u invalid for %s, max is %u", loraConfig.channel_num,
+                     newRegion->name, numFreqSlots);
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                if (uses_custom_channel_name) { // clamp to channel name hash
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        channelNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                } else if ((loraConfig.use_preset) && (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0)) { // clamp to preset override slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        newRegion->profile->overrideSlot; // use the override slot specified by the region profile
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else if (loraConfig.use_preset) {                  // clamp to preset slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num = presetNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else { // if not using preset, and no custom channel name, just clamp to default anyway
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                };
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } // end of channel number check
+    } else {
+        // if we have a frequency override, we ignore the channel number and just use the override frequency
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Frequency override in place, using %.3f", loraConfig.override_frequency);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    auto copy = loraConfig;
+    return checkOrClampConfigLora(copy, false);
+}
+
+void RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    checkOrClampConfigLora(loraConfig, true);
+}
+
 /**
 * Pull our channel settings etc... from protobufs to the dumb interface settings
+ * Note: this must be given only settings which have been validated or clamped!
 */
 void RadioInterface::applyModemConfig()
 {
    // Set up default configuration
    // No Sync Words in LORA mode
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
-    bool validConfig = false; // We need to check for a valid configuration
-    while (!validConfig) {
-        if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
-            modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, cr);
-            if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate != cr) {
-                cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-                LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
-            }
-        } else {
-            sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+    myRegion = newRegion;
+
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        if (!validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+            loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+        }
+        uint8_t newcr;
+        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, newcr);
+        // If custom CR is being used already, check if the new preset is higher
+        if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate < newcr) {
+            cr = newcr;
+            LOG_INFO("Default Coding Rate is higher than custom setting, using %u", cr);
+        }
+        // If the custom CR is higher than the preset, use it
+        else if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate > newcr) {
            cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-            bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
-        }
-
-        if ((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) < bw / 1000) {
-            const float regionSpanKHz = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
-            const float requestedBwKHz = bw;
-            const bool isWideRequest = requestedBwKHz >= 499.5f; // treat as 500 kHz preset
-            const char *presetName =
-                DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
-
-            char err_string[160];
-            if (isWideRequest) {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region too narrow for 500kHz preset (%s). Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, presetName);
-            } else {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz. Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, requestedBwKHz);
-            }
-            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
-            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-            meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
-            cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
-            snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", err_string);
-            service->sendClientNotification(cn);
-
-            // Set to default modem preset
-            loraConfig.use_preset = true;
-            loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+            LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
        } else {
-            validConfig = true;
+            cr = newcr;
        }
+
+    } else { // if not using preset, then just use the custom settings
+        if (validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config settings, cannot apply requested modem config - falling back to %s defaults",
+                     newRegion->name);
+            clampConfigLora(loraConfig);
+        }
+        bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+        sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+        cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
    }

    power = loraConfig.tx_power;

-    if ((power == 0) || ((power > myRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
-        power = myRegion->powerLimit;
+    if ((power == 0) || ((power > newRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
+        power = newRegion->powerLimit;

    if (power == 0)
-        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of myRegion defaults
+        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of newRegion defaults
                    // to 0, currently no region has an actual power limit of 0 [dBm] so we can assume regions which have this
                    // variable set to 0 don't have a valid power limit)

    // Set final tx_power back onto config
    loraConfig.tx_power = (int8_t)power; // cppcheck-suppress assignmentAddressToInteger

-    // Calculate the number of channels
-    uint32_t numChannels = floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000)));
+    uint32_t channel_num;
+    float freq;

-    // If user has manually specified a channel num, then use that, otherwise generate one by hashing the name
-    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
-    // channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numChannels - 1)
-    uint32_t channel_num = (loraConfig.channel_num ? loraConfig.channel_num - 1 : hash(channelName)) % numChannels;
+    // Calculate number of frequency slots (aka Channels):
+    // spacing = gap between channels (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the channel (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);

-    // Check if we use the default frequency slot
-    RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot =
-        channel_num ==
-        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset)) % numChannels;
-
-    // Old frequency selection formula
-    // float freq = myRegion->freqStart + ((((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / numChannels) / 2) * channel_num);
-
-    // New frequency selection formula
-    float freq = myRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + (channel_num * (bw / 1000));
+    // Calculate hash of channel name and preset name to pick a default frequency slot if user has not specified one.
+    // Note that channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to
+    // (numFreqSlots - 1).
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot =
+        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset)) % numFreqSlots;

    // override if we have a verbatim frequency
    if (loraConfig.override_frequency) {
        freq = loraConfig.override_frequency;
        channel_num = -1;
+        uses_default_frequency_slot = false;
+    } else {
+
+        // If user has not manually specified a frequency slot, or has not specified one that is different than the default or the
+        // override for the new region, then use the default or override. If the user has not specified one, but has specified a
+        // custom channel name, then use the hash of that channel name to pick a frequency slot. Note that channel_num is actually
+        // (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numFreqSlots - 1).
+        // NB: channel_num is also know as frequency slot but it's too late to fix now.
+        if (uses_default_frequency_slot) {
+            // if there's an override slot, use that
+            if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+                channel_num = newRegion->profile->overrideSlot - 1;
+            } else {
+                channel_num = presetNameHashSlot;
+            }
+        } else { // use the manually defined one
+            channel_num = loraConfig.channel_num - 1;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate frequency: freqStart is band edge, add half bandwidth (plus optional padding) to get middle of first channel
+        // subsequent channels are spaced by freqSlotWidth
+        freq = newRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + newRegion->profile->padding + (channel_num * freqSlotWidth); // in MHz
    }

    saveChannelNum(channel_num);
    saveFreq(freq + loraConfig.frequency_offset);
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+
+    if (newRegion->wideLora) {                          // clamp if wide freq range
+        preambleLength = wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault; // 12 is the default for operation above 2GHz
+    } else {
+        preambleLength =
+            preambleLengthDefault; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    }

    slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
    preambleTimeMsec = preambleLength * (pow_of_2(sf) / bw);

    LOG_INFO("Radio freq=%.3f, config.lora.frequency_offset=%.3f", freq, loraConfig.frequency_offset);
-    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", myRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
+    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", newRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
             channel_num, power);
-    LOG_INFO("myRegion->freqStart -> myRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", myRegion->freqStart, myRegion->freqEnd,
-             myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart);
-    LOG_INFO("numChannels: %d x %.3fkHz", numChannels, bw);
+    LOG_INFO("newRegion->freqStart -> newRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", newRegion->freqStart, newRegion->freqEnd,
+             newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart);
+    LOG_INFO("numFreqSlots: %d x %.3fkHz", numFreqSlots, bw);
+    if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+        LOG_INFO("Using region override slot: %d", newRegion->profile->overrideSlot);
+    }
    LOG_INFO("channel_num: %d", channel_num + 1);
    LOG_INFO("frequency: %f", getFreq());
    LOG_INFO("Slot time: %u msec, preamble time: %u msec", slotTimeMsec, preambleTimeMsec);
-}
+} // end of applyModemConfig

 /** Slottime is the time to detect a transmission has started, consisting of:
  - CAD duration;
@@ -994,4 +1174,4 @@ size_t RadioInterface::beginSending(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)

    sendingPacket = p;
    return p->encrypted.size + sizeof(PacketHeader);
-}
+}
@@ -92,15 +92,20 @@ class RadioInterface
    uint8_t sf = 9;
    uint8_t cr = 5;

-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD = 2;       // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
-    const uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ = 4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD =
+        2; // Number of symbols used for CAD, 2 is the default since RadioLib 6.3.0 as per AN1200.48
+    static constexpr uint8_t NUM_SYM_CAD_24GHZ =
+        4; // Number of symbols used for CAD in 2.4 GHz, 4 is recommended in AN1200.22 of SX1280
    uint32_t slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
-    uint16_t preambleLength = 16;    // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
-    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165; // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
-    const uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
-        4500;                // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
-    const uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
-    const uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize
+    uint16_t preambleLength = 16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t preambleLengthDefault =
+        16; // 8 is default, but we use longer to increase the amount of sleep time when receiving
+    static constexpr uint16_t wideLoraPreambleLengthDefault = 12; // 12 is default for wide Lora
+    uint32_t preambleTimeMsec = 165;                              // calculated on startup, this is the default for LongFast
+    static constexpr uint32_t PROCESSING_TIME_MSEC =
+        4500;                           // time to construct, process and construct a packet again (empirically determined)
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmin = 3; // minimum CWsize
+    static constexpr uint8_t CWmax = 8; // maximum CWsize

    meshtastic_MeshPacket *sendingPacket = NULL; // The packet we are currently sending
    uint32_t lastTxStart = 0L;
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@ class RadioInterface
     * Coerce LoRa config fields (bandwidth/spread_factor) derived from presets.
     * This is used during early bootstrapping so UIs that display these fields directly remain consistent.
     */
-    static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+    // static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig); // maybe superseded?

    /**
     * Return true if we think the board can go to sleep (i.e. our tx queue is empty, we are not sending or receiving)
@@ -234,6 +239,20 @@ class RadioInterface
    // Whether we use the default frequency slot given our LoRa config (region and modem preset)
    static bool uses_default_frequency_slot;

+    // Whether we have a custom channel name
+    static bool uses_custom_channel_name;
+
+    static bool checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp);
+
+    // Check if a candidate region is compatible and valid.
+    static bool validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Check if a candidate radio configuration is valid.
+    static bool validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Make a candidate radio configuration valid, even if it isn't.
+    static void clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
  protected:
    int8_t power = 17; // Set by applyModemConfig()

@@ -46,6 +46,16 @@ RadioLibInterface::RadioLibInterface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE c
 #endif
 }

+RadioLibInterface::~RadioLibInterface()
+{
+    // If the static `instance` pointer still references us, clear it.
+    // A later successful init() may have replaced `instance` with a newer
+    // interface — don't clobber that case.
+    if (instance == this) {
+        instance = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
 // ESP32 doesn't use that flag
 #define YIELD_FROM_ISR(x) portYIELD_FROM_ISR()
@@ -246,6 +256,24 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id)
    return txQueue.find(from, id);
 }

+bool RadioLibInterface::randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length)
+{
+    if (!buffer || length == 0 || !iface) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Older RadioLib versions only expose random(min, max), so fill the buffer byte-by-byte.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        int32_t value = iface->random(0, 255);
+        if (value < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        buffer[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 /** radio helper thread callback.
 We never immediately transmit after any operation (either Rx or Tx). Instead we should wait a random multiple of
 'slotTimes' (see definition in RadioInterface.h) taken from a contention window (CW) to lower the chance of collision.
@@ -587,4 +615,4 @@ bool RadioLibInterface::startSend(meshtastic_MeshPacket *txp)

        return res == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
    }
-}
+}
@@ -136,6 +136,13 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
    RadioLibInterface(LockingArduinoHal *hal, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE cs, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE irq, RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE rst,
                      RADIOLIB_PIN_TYPE busy, PhysicalLayer *iface = NULL);

+    /**
+     * Clear the static `instance` pointer if it still points at us, so callers
+     * that check `RadioLibInterface::instance != nullptr` don't dereference a
+     * freed object after a failed init() + unique_ptr reset.
+     */
+    virtual ~RadioLibInterface();
+
    virtual ErrorCode send(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override;

    /**
@@ -172,6 +179,12 @@ class RadioLibInterface : public RadioInterface, protected concurrency::Notified
    /** Attempt to find a packet in the TxQueue. Returns true if the packet was found. */
    virtual bool findInTxQueue(NodeNum from, PacketId id) override;

+    /**
+     * Request randomness sourced from the LoRa modem, if supported by the active RadioLib interface.
+     * @return true if len bytes were produced, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool randomBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+
  private:
    /** if we have something waiting to send, start a short (random) timer so we can come check for collision before actually
     * doing the transmit */
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #include "mesh-pb-constants.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #endif
@@ -95,6 +98,20 @@ bool Router::shouldDecrementHopLimit(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
        return true;
    }

+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // When router_preserve_hops is enabled, preserve hops for decoded packets that are not
+    // position or telemetry (those have their own exhaust_hop controls).
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled &&
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management.router_preserve_hops && p->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag &&
+        p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_POSITION_APP && p->decoded.portnum != meshtastic_PortNum_TELEMETRY_APP) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Router hop preserved: port=%d from=0x%08x (traffic_management)", p->decoded.portnum, getFrom(p));
+        if (trafficManagementModule) {
+            trafficManagementModule->recordRouterHopPreserved();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+
    // For subsequent hops, check if previous relay is a favorite router
    // Optimized search for favorite routers with matching last byte
    // Check ordering optimized for IoT devices (cheapest checks first)
@@ -482,9 +499,9 @@ DecodeState perhapsDecode(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
                meshtastic_Data decodedtmp;
                memset(&decodedtmp, 0, sizeof(decodedtmp));
                if (!pb_decode_from_bytes(bytes, rawSize, &meshtastic_Data_msg, &decodedtmp)) {
-                    LOG_ERROR("Invalid protobufs in received mesh packet id=0x%08x (bad psk?)!", p->id);
+                    LOG_DEBUG("Invalid protobufs in received mesh packet id=0x%08x (bad psk?)", p->id);
                } else if (decodedtmp.portnum == meshtastic_PortNum_UNKNOWN_APP) {
-                    LOG_ERROR("Invalid portnum (bad psk?)!");
+                    LOG_DEBUG("Invalid portnum (bad psk?)");
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
                } else if (!owner.is_licensed && isToUs(p) && decodedtmp.portnum == meshtastic_PortNum_TEXT_MESSAGE_APP) {
                    LOG_WARN("Rejecting legacy DM");
@@ -858,6 +875,12 @@ void Router::perhapsHandleReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
        return;
    }

+    if (shouldDropPacketForPreHop(*p)) {
+        logHopStartDrop(*p, "pre-hop drop");
+        packetPool.release(p);
+        return;
+    }
+
    if (shouldFilterReceived(p)) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Incoming msg was filtered from 0x%x", p->from);
        packetPool.release(p);
@@ -245,14 +245,21 @@ template <typename T> bool SX126xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > SX126X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX126X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX126X_MAX_POWER);
+    // Make sure we reach the minimum power supported to turn the chip on (-9dBm)
+    if (power < -9)
+        power = -9;

    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        LOG_ERROR("SX126X setOutputPower %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY (datasheet §9.6), matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("SX126X setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -448,6 +455,15 @@ template <typename T> void SX126xInterface<T>::resetAGC()
    // RX boosted gain mode
    lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);

+    // Re-apply the undocumented 0x8B5 RX sensitivity patch that was set in init().
+    // The CALIBRATE_ALL (0x7F) command above clears bit 0 of register 0x8B5, which
+    // silently removes the RX sensitivity improvement introduced in #9571 / #9777.
+    // Without this re-apply, every SX1262 node loses its RX boost ~60s after boot
+    // and never recovers until reboot. See empirical evidence in the PR description.
+    if (module.SPIsetRegValue(0x8B5, 0x01, 0, 0) != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
+        LOG_WARN("SX126x resetAGC: failed to re-apply 0x8B5 RX sensitivity patch");
+    }
+
    // 6. Resume receiving
    startReceive();
 }
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ template <typename T> bool SX128xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);

-    if (power > SX128X_MAX_POWER) // This chip has lower power limits than some
-        power = SX128X_MAX_POWER;
+    limitPower(SX128X_MAX_POWER);

    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ meshtastic_UserLite TypeConversions::ConvertToUserLite(meshtastic_User user)
    meshtastic_UserLite lite = meshtastic_UserLite_init_default;

    strncpy(lite.long_name, user.long_name, sizeof(lite.long_name));
+    lite.long_name[sizeof(lite.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
    strncpy(lite.short_name, user.short_name, sizeof(lite.short_name));
+    lite.short_name[sizeof(lite.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
    lite.hw_model = user.hw_model;
    lite.role = user.role;
    lite.is_licensed = user.is_licensed;
@@ -99,7 +101,9 @@ meshtastic_User TypeConversions::ConvertToUser(uint32_t nodeNum, meshtastic_User

    snprintf(user.id, sizeof(user.id), "!%08x", nodeNum);
    strncpy(user.long_name, lite.long_name, sizeof(user.long_name));
+    user.long_name[sizeof(user.long_name) - 1] = '\0';
    strncpy(user.short_name, lite.short_name, sizeof(user.short_name));
+    user.short_name[sizeof(user.short_name) - 1] = '\0';
    user.hw_model = lite.hw_model;
    user.role = lite.role;
    user.is_licensed = lite.is_licensed;
@@ -285,7 +285,11 @@ typedef enum _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode {
    /* Nepal 865MHz */
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_NP_865 = 25,
    /* Brazil 902MHz */
-    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_BR_902 = 26
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_BR_902 = 26,
+    /* ITU Region 1 Amateur Radio 2m band (144-146 MHz) */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU1_2M = 27,
+    /* ITU Region 2 / 3 Amateur Radio 2m band (144-148 MHz) */
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M = 28
 } meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode;

 /* Standard predefined channel settings
@@ -702,8 +706,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation)(meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED+1))

 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MIN meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_BR_902
-#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_BR_902+1))
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M
+#define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode)(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_ITU23_2M+1))

 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MIN meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST
 #define _meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MAX meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO
@@ -398,6 +398,8 @@ typedef struct _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig {
    bool device_telemetry_enabled;
    /* Enable/Disable the air quality telemetry measurement module on-device display */
    bool air_quality_screen_enabled;
+    /* Temperature offset in Celsius applied to local environment telemetry before it is sent. */
+    float environment_temperature_offset_c;
 } meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig;

 /* Canned Messages Module Config */
@@ -593,7 +595,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_ExternalNotificationConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StoreForwardConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_RangeTestConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0}
-#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, 0, 0, "", 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_AmbientLightingConfig_init_default {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StatusMessageConfig_init_default {""}
@@ -612,7 +614,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_ExternalNotificationConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StoreForwardConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_RangeTestConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0}
-#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, _meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_InputEventChar_MIN, 0, 0, "", 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_AmbientLightingConfig_init_zero {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StatusMessageConfig_init_zero {""}
@@ -718,6 +720,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_health_screen_enabled_tag 13
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_device_telemetry_enabled_tag 14
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_air_quality_screen_enabled_tag 15
+#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_environment_temperature_offset_c_tag 16
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_rotary1_enabled_tag 1
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_inputbroker_pin_a_tag 2
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_CannedMessageConfig_inputbroker_pin_b_tag 3
@@ -948,7 +951,8 @@ X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     health_measurement_enabled,  11) \
 X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, UINT32,   health_update_interval,  12) \
 X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     health_screen_enabled,  13) \
 X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     device_telemetry_enabled,  14) \
-X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     air_quality_screen_enabled,  15)
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, BOOL,     air_quality_screen_enabled,  15) \
+X(a, STATIC,   SINGULAR, FLOAT,    environment_temperature_offset_c,  16)
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_CALLBACK NULL
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_DEFAULT NULL

@@ -1051,8 +1055,8 @@ extern const pb_msgdesc_t meshtastic_RemoteHardwarePin_msg;
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_SerialConfig_size 28
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StatusMessageConfig_size 81
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_StoreForwardConfig_size 24
+#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_size 55
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TAKConfig_size   4
-#define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TelemetryConfig_size 50
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TrafficManagementConfig_size 52
 #define meshtastic_ModuleConfig_size             227
 #define meshtastic_RemoteHardwarePin_size        21
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ static inline int get_max_num_nodes()
 /// Max number of channels allowed
 #define MAX_NUM_CHANNELS (member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels) / member_size(meshtastic_ChannelFile, channels[0]))

+// Traffic Management module configuration
+// Enable per-variant by defining HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT=1 in variant.h
+#ifndef HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT 0
+#endif
+
+// Cache size for traffic management (number of nodes to track)
+// Can be overridden per-variant based on available memory
+#ifndef TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 1000
+#else
+#define TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /// helper function for encoding a record as a protobuf, any failures to encode are fatal and we will panic
 /// returns the encoded packet size
 size_t pb_encode_to_bytes(uint8_t *destbuf, size_t destbufsize, const pb_msgdesc_t *fields, const void *src_struct);
@@ -90,4 +106,4 @@ bool writecb(pb_ostream_t *stream, const uint8_t *buf, size_t count);
 */
 bool is_in_helper(uint32_t n, const uint32_t *array, pb_size_t count);

-#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)
+#define is_in_repeated(name, n) is_in_helper(n, name, name##_count)
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@

 #include "Default.h"
 #include "MeshRadio.h"
+#include "RadioInterface.h"
 #include "TypeConversions.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
@@ -197,10 +199,35 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
        handleSetOwner(r->set_owner);
        break;

-    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag:
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_config_tag: {
        LOG_DEBUG("Client set config");
-        handleSetConfig(r->set_config);
+
+        // Non-LoRa configs need no further validation.
+        if (r->set_config.which_payload_variant != meshtastic_Config_lora_tag) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("Non-LoRa config, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Only LORA_24 requires hardware capability validation.
+        if (r->set_config.payload_variant.lora.region != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LoRa config, region is not LORA_24, applying directly");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Hardware supports 2.4 GHz — apply the config.
+        // Fail closed: null instance is treated as incapable.
+        if (RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora()) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("LORA_24 requested, radio hardware supports 2.4 GHz, applying");
+            handleSetConfig(r->set_config, fromOthers);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; rejecting LORA_24 region");
+        myReply = allocErrorResponse(meshtastic_Routing_Error_BAD_REQUEST, &mp);
        break;
+    }

    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_set_module_config_tag:
        LOG_DEBUG("Client set module config");
@@ -453,7 +480,7 @@ bool AdminModule::handleReceivedProtobuf(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshta
 #if HAS_SCREEN
        IF_SCREEN(screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is rebooting\ninto DFU mode.", 0));
 #endif
-#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_RP2040) || defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
        enterDfuMode();
 #endif
        break;
@@ -626,7 +653,7 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o)
    }
 }

-void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
+void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers)
 {
    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
    auto existingRole = config.device.role;
@@ -770,18 +797,57 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
            validatedLora.spread_factor = LORA_SF_DEFAULT;
        }

-        // If no lora radio parameters change, don't need to reboot
-        if (oldLoraConfig.use_preset == validatedLora.use_preset && oldLoraConfig.region == validatedLora.region &&
-            oldLoraConfig.modem_preset == validatedLora.modem_preset && oldLoraConfig.bandwidth == validatedLora.bandwidth &&
-            oldLoraConfig.spread_factor == validatedLora.spread_factor &&
-            oldLoraConfig.coding_rate == validatedLora.coding_rate && oldLoraConfig.tx_power == validatedLora.tx_power &&
-            oldLoraConfig.frequency_offset == validatedLora.frequency_offset &&
-            oldLoraConfig.override_frequency == validatedLora.override_frequency &&
-            oldLoraConfig.channel_num == validatedLora.channel_num &&
-            oldLoraConfig.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain == validatedLora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain) {
-            requiresReboot = false;
+        // If we're setting a new region, check the region is valid and then init the region or discard the change
+        if (validatedLora.region != myRegion->code) {
+            //  Region has changed so check whether it is valid for e.g. licensing conditions and if the lora config is valid
+            if (RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(validatedLora) && RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+                // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
+                if (isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+                    if (crypto) {
+                        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
+                    }
+#endif
+                    // new region is valid and we're coming from an unset region, so enable tx
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = true;
+                }
+                // If we're unsetting the region for some reason, disable tx
+                if (!isRegionUnset && validatedLora.region == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
+                    validatedLora.tx_enabled = false;
+                }
+                // Ensure initRegion() uses the newly validated region
+                config.lora.region = validatedLora.region;
+                initRegion();
+                if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
+                    validatedLora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
+                }
+                if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
+                    //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
+                    sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
+                }
+                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
+            } else {
+                //  Region validation has failed, so just copy all of the old config over the new config
+                validatedLora = oldLoraConfig;
+            }
+        } // end of new region handling
+
+        if (!RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(validatedLora)) {
+            if (fromOthers) {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from another node, rejecting changes");
+                //  modem_preset set to use the old setting if the check fails
+                validatedLora.modem_preset = oldLoraConfig.modem_preset;
+            } else {
+                LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config received from client, using corrected values");
+                RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(validatedLora);
+            }
+            //  use_preset and bandwidth are coerced into valid values by the check.
        }

+        // All LoRa radio changes apply live via configChanged observer → reconfigure().
+        // reconfigure() puts the radio in standby, reprograms all modem parameters, and restarts receive.
+        requiresReboot = false;
+
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
        // If running on portduino and using SimRadio, do not require reboot
        if (SimRadio::instance) {
@@ -797,63 +863,21 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
            digitalWrite(RF95_FAN_EN, HIGH ^ 0);
        }
 #endif
-        config.lora = validatedLora;

 #if HAS_LORA_FEM
        // Apply FEM LNA mode from config (only meaningful on hardware that supports it)
+        // Note that a rejected lora config will revert this as well.
        if (loraFEMInterface.isLnaCanControl()) {
-            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
-        } else if (config.lora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            loraFEMInterface.setLNAEnable(validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_DISABLED);
+        } else if (validatedLora.fem_lna_mode != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT) {
            // Hardware FEM does not support LNA control; normalize stored config to match actual capability
            LOG_WARN("FEM LNA mode configured but current FEM does not support LNA control; normalizing to NOT_PRESENT");
-            config.lora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
+            validatedLora.fem_lna_mode = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_FEM_LNA_Mode_NOT_PRESENT;
        }
 #endif
-        // If we're setting region for the first time, init the region and regenerate the keys
-        if (isRegionUnset && config.lora.region > meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET) {
-#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
-            }
-#endif
-            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
-            initRegion();
-            if (myRegion->dutyCycle < 100) {
-                config.lora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
-            }
-            //  Compare the entire string, we are sure of the length as a topic has never been set
-            if (strcmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root) == 0) {
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-                changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-            }
-        }
-        if (config.lora.region != myRegion->code) {
-            //  Region has changed so check whether there is a regulatory one we should be using instead.
-            //  Additionally as a side-effect, assume a new value under myRegion
-            initRegion();

-            if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
-                //  Default root is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT topic for this region
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-            }
+        config.lora = validatedLora; // Finally, return the validated config back to the main config

-            changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-        }
        break;
    }
    case meshtastic_Config_bluetooth_tag:
@@ -901,10 +925,10 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c)
    }
    if (requiresReboot && !hasOpenEditTransaction) {
        disableBluetooth();
-    }
+    } // end of switch case which_payload_variant

    saveChanges(changes, requiresReboot);
-}
+} // end of handleSetConfig

 bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
 {
@@ -1010,6 +1034,11 @@ bool AdminModule::handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c)
        moduleConfig.statusmessage = c.payload_variant.statusmessage;
        shouldReboot = false;
        break;
+    case meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag:
+        LOG_INFO("Set module config: Traffic Management");
+        moduleConfig.has_traffic_management = true;
+        moduleConfig.traffic_management = c.payload_variant.traffic_management;
+        break;
    }
    saveChanges(SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG, shouldReboot);
    return true;
@@ -1124,78 +1153,85 @@ void AdminModule::handleGetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &req, const
    meshtastic_AdminMessage res = meshtastic_AdminMessage_init_default;

    if (req.decoded.want_response) {
+        const char *configName = "?";
        switch (configType) {
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_MQTT_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: MQTT");
+            configName = "MQTT";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_mqtt_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.mqtt = moduleConfig.mqtt;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_SERIAL_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Serial");
+            configName = "Serial";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_serial_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.serial = moduleConfig.serial;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_EXTNOTIF_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: External Notification");
+            configName = "External Notification";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_external_notification_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.external_notification = moduleConfig.external_notification;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STOREFORWARD_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Store & Forward");
+            configName = "Store & Forward";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_store_forward_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.store_forward = moduleConfig.store_forward;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_RANGETEST_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Range Test");
+            configName = "Range Test";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_range_test_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.range_test = moduleConfig.range_test;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TELEMETRY_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Telemetry");
+            configName = "Telemetry";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_telemetry_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.telemetry = moduleConfig.telemetry;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_CANNEDMSG_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Canned Message");
+            configName = "Canned Message";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_canned_message_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.canned_message = moduleConfig.canned_message;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AUDIO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Audio");
+            configName = "Audio";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_audio_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.audio = moduleConfig.audio;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_REMOTEHARDWARE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Remote Hardware");
+            configName = "Remote Hardware";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_remote_hardware_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.remote_hardware = moduleConfig.remote_hardware;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_NEIGHBORINFO_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Neighbor Info");
+            configName = "Neighbor Info";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_neighbor_info_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.neighbor_info = moduleConfig.neighbor_info;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_DETECTIONSENSOR_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Detection Sensor");
+            configName = "Detection Sensor";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_detection_sensor_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.detection_sensor = moduleConfig.detection_sensor;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_AMBIENTLIGHTING_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Ambient Lighting");
+            configName = "Ambient Lighting";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_ambient_lighting_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.ambient_lighting = moduleConfig.ambient_lighting;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_PAXCOUNTER_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: Paxcounter");
+            configName = "Paxcounter";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_paxcounter_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.paxcounter = moduleConfig.paxcounter;
            break;
        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_STATUSMESSAGE_CONFIG:
-            LOG_INFO("Get module config: StatusMessage");
+            configName = "StatusMessage";
            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_statusmessage_tag;
            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.statusmessage = moduleConfig.statusmessage;
            break;
+        case meshtastic_AdminMessage_ModuleConfigType_TRAFFICMANAGEMENT_CONFIG:
+            configName = "Traffic Management";
+            res.get_module_config_response.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_ModuleConfig_traffic_management_tag;
+            res.get_module_config_response.payload_variant.traffic_management = moduleConfig.traffic_management;
+            break;
        }
+        LOG_INFO("Get module config: %s", configName);

        // NOTE: The phone app needs to know the ls_secsvalue so it can properly expect sleep behavior.
        // So even if we internally use 0 to represent 'use default' we still need to send the value we are
@@ -1378,23 +1414,17 @@ void AdminModule::handleStoreDeviceUIConfig(const meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig &uic
 void AdminModule::handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &p)
 {
    // Validate ham parameters before setting since this would bypass validation in the owner struct
-    if (*p.call_sign) {
-        const char *start = p.call_sign;
-        // Skip all whitespace
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham call_sign: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (*p.short_name) {
-        const char *start = p.short_name;
-        while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
-            start++;
-        if (*start == '\0') {
-            LOG_WARN("Rejected ham short_name: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character");
-            return;
+    const char *fieldsToCheck[] = {p.call_sign, p.short_name};
+    const char *fieldNames[] = {"call_sign", "short_name"};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        if (*fieldsToCheck[i]) {
+            const char *start = fieldsToCheck[i];
+            while (*start && isspace((unsigned char)*start))
+                start++;
+            if (*start == '\0') {
+                LOG_WARN("Rejected ham %s: must contain at least 1 non-whitespace character", fieldNames[i]);
+                return;
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ class AdminModule : public ProtobufModule<meshtastic_AdminMessage>, public Obser
     */
    void handleSetOwner(const meshtastic_User &o);
    void handleSetChannel(const meshtastic_Channel &cc);
-    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c);
+
+  protected:
+    void handleSetConfig(const meshtastic_Config &c, bool fromOthers);
+
+  private:
    bool handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c);
    void handleSetChannel();
    void handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &req);
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 #include "modules/PowerStressModule.h"
 #endif
 #include "modules/RoutingModule.h"
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+#include "modules/TrafficManagementModule.h"
+#endif
 #include "modules/TextMessageModule.h"
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
@@ -120,6 +123,14 @@ void setupModules()
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_REPLYBOT
    new ReplyBotModule();
 #endif
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+    // Instantiate only when enabled to avoid extra memory use and background work.
+    if (moduleConfig.has_traffic_management && moduleConfig.traffic_management.enabled) {
+        trafficManagementModule = new TrafficManagementModule();
+    }
+#endif
+
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ADMIN
    adminModule = new AdminModule();
 #endif
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ void SerialModule::processWXSerial()
        LOG_INFO("WS8X : %i %.1fg%.1f %.1fv %.1fv %.1fC rain: %.1f, %i sum", atoi(windDir), strtof(windVel, nullptr),
                 strtof(windGust, nullptr), batVoltageF, capVoltageF, temperatureF, rain, rainSum);
    }
-    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis)) {
+    if (gotwind && !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastAveraged, averageIntervalMillis) && velCount > 0 && dirCount > 0) {
        // calculate averages and send to the mesh
        float velAvg = 1.0 * velSum / velCount;

@@ -29,10 +29,23 @@ int32_t StatusMessageModule::runOnce()
 ProcessMessage StatusMessageModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
    if (mp.which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
-        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage;
+        meshtastic_StatusMessage incomingMessage = meshtastic_StatusMessage_init_zero;
+
        if (pb_decode_from_bytes(mp.decoded.payload.bytes, mp.decoded.payload.size, meshtastic_StatusMessage_fields,
                                 &incomingMessage)) {
+
            LOG_INFO("Received a NodeStatus message %s", incomingMessage.status);
+
+            RecentStatus entry;
+            entry.fromNodeId = mp.from;
+            entry.statusText = incomingMessage.status;
+
+            recentReceived.push_back(std::move(entry));
+
+            // Keep only last MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+            if (recentReceived.size() > MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES) {
+                recentReceived.erase(recentReceived.begin()); // drop oldest
+            }
        }
    }
    return ProcessMessage::CONTINUE;
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_STATUS
 #include "SinglePortModule.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>

 class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThread
 {
-
  public:
    /** Constructor
     * name is for debugging output
@@ -19,16 +20,28 @@ class StatusMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, private concurrency::OSThre
            this->setInterval(1000 * 12 * 60 * 60);
        }
        // TODO: If we have a string, set the initial delay (15 minutes maybe)
+
+        // Keep vector from reallocating as we fill up to MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES
+        recentReceived.reserve(MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES);
    }

    virtual int32_t runOnce() override;

+    struct RecentStatus {
+        uint32_t fromNodeId;    // mp.from
+        std::string statusText; // incomingMessage.status
+    };
+
+    const std::vector<RecentStatus> &getRecentReceived() const { return recentReceived; }
+
  protected:
    /** Called to handle a particular incoming message
     */
    virtual ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;

  private:
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES = 5;
+    std::vector<RecentStatus> recentReceived;
 };

 extern StatusMessageModule *statusMessageModule;
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ void StoreForwardModule::historyAdd(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
    this->packetHistory[this->packetHistoryTotalCount].hop_limit = mp.hop_limit;
    this->packetHistory[this->packetHistoryTotalCount].via_mqtt = mp.via_mqtt;
    this->packetHistory[this->packetHistoryTotalCount].transport_mechanism = mp.transport_mechanism;
-    memcpy(this->packetHistory[this->packetHistoryTotalCount].payload, p.payload.bytes, meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN);
+    memcpy(this->packetHistory[this->packetHistoryTotalCount].payload, p.payload.bytes, p.payload.size);

    this->packetHistoryTotalCount++;
 }
@@ -66,18 +66,10 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/MCP9808Sensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT31Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
 #include "Sensor/LPS22HBSensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#endif
-
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
 #include "Sensor/RAK12035Sensor.h"
 #endif
@@ -94,8 +86,8 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "Sensor/OPT3001Sensor.h"
 #endif

-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-#include "Sensor/SHT4XSensor.h"
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+#include "Sensor/SHTXXSensor.h"
 #endif

 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
@@ -146,6 +138,32 @@ extern void drawCommonHeader(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y, const c
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include <Throttle.h>

+namespace
+{
+constexpr float TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MIN_C = -20.0f;
+constexpr float TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MAX_C = 20.0f;
+
+float clampTemperatureOffsetC(float offsetC)
+{
+    if (offsetC < TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MIN_C)
+        return TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MIN_C;
+    if (offsetC > TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MAX_C)
+        return TEMPERATURE_OFFSET_MAX_C;
+    return offsetC;
+}
+
+void applyTemperatureOffset(meshtastic_EnvironmentMetrics *metrics)
+{
+    const float offsetC = clampTemperatureOffsetC(moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_temperature_offset_c);
+    if (offsetC == 0.0f)
+        return;
+
+    if (metrics->has_temperature)
+        metrics->temperature += offsetC;
+    if (metrics->has_soil_temperature)
+        metrics->soil_temperature += offsetC;
+}
+} // namespace
 static constexpr uint16_t TX_HISTORY_KEY_ENVIRONMENT_TELEMETRY = 0x8002;

 void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
@@ -155,6 +173,15 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
    }
    LOG_INFO("Environment Telemetry adding I2C devices...");

+    /*
+        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
+        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
+    */
+
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
+    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;
+
    // order by priority of metrics/values (low top, high bottom)

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR
@@ -202,15 +229,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_MCP9808.h>)
    addSensor<MCP9808Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MCP9808);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT31Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT31);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_LPS2X.h>)
    addSensor<LPS22HBSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::LPS22HB);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-    addSensor<SHTC3Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTC3);
-#endif
 #if __has_include("RAK12035_SoilMoisture.h") && defined(RAK_4631) && RAK_4631 == 1
    addSensor<RAK12035Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::RAK12035);
 #endif
@@ -223,13 +244,9 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<ClosedCube_OPT3001.h>)
    addSensor<OPT3001Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::OPT3001);
 #endif
-#if __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-    addSensor<SHT4XSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHT4X);
-#endif
 #if __has_include(<SparkFun_MLX90632_Arduino_Library.h>)
    addSensor<MLX90632Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::MLX90632);
 #endif
-
 #if __has_include(<Adafruit_BMP3XX.h>)
    addSensor<BMP3XXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BMP_3XX);
 #endif
@@ -245,7 +262,10 @@ void EnvironmentTelemetryModule::i2cScanFinished(ScanI2C *i2cScanner)
 #if __has_include(<BH1750_WE.h>)
    addSensor<BH1750Sensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::BH1750);
 #endif
-
+#if __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+    // TODO Can we scan for multiple sensors connected on the same bus?
+    addSensor<SHTXXSensor>(i2cScanner, ScanI2C::DeviceType::SHTXX);
+#endif
 #endif
 }

@@ -260,14 +280,6 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
    }

    uint32_t result = UINT32_MAX;
-    /*
-        Uncomment the preferences below if you want to use the module
-        without having to configure it from the PythonAPI or WebUI.
-    */
-
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled = 1;
-    // moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = 15;

    if (!(moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_measurement_enabled || moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_screen_enabled ||
          ENVIRONMENTAL_TELEMETRY_MODULE_ENABLE)) {
@@ -275,6 +287,29 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
        return disable();
    }

+    auto refreshLocalMeasurementPacket = [this]() {
+        // Keep displaying remote telemetry once we have it.
+        if (lastMeasurementPacket != nullptr && lastMeasurementPacket->from != nodeDB->getNodeNum()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        meshtastic_Telemetry local = meshtastic_Telemetry_init_zero;
+        if (!getEnvironmentTelemetry(&local)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        meshtastic_MeshPacket *localPacket = allocDataProtobuf(local);
+        if (localPacket == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (lastMeasurementPacket != nullptr) {
+            packetPool.release(lastMeasurementPacket);
+        }
+        lastMeasurementPacket = packetPool.allocCopy(*localPacket);
+        packetPool.release(localPacket);
+    };
+
    if (firstTime) {
        // This is the first time the OSThread library has called this function, so do some setup
        firstTime = 0;
@@ -304,6 +339,7 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
                result = rak9154Sensor.runOnce();
 #endif
 #endif
+            refreshLocalMeasurementPacket();
        }
        // it's possible to have this module enabled, only for displaying values on the screen.
        // therefore, we should only enable the sensor loop if measurement is also enabled
@@ -320,6 +356,7 @@ int32_t EnvironmentTelemetryModule::runOnce()
                result = delay;
            }
        }
+        refreshLocalMeasurementPacket();

        uint32_t lastTelemetry =
            transmitHistory ? transmitHistory->getLastSentToMeshMillis(TX_HISTORY_KEY_ENVIRONMENT_TELEMETRY) : 0;
@@ -580,6 +617,9 @@ bool EnvironmentTelemetryModule::getEnvironmentTelemetry(meshtastic_Telemetry *m
        hasSensor = true;
    }
 #endif
+    if (valid)
+        applyTemperatureOffset(&m->variant.environment_metrics);
+
    return valid && hasSensor;
 }

@@ -644,11 +684,15 @@ bool EnvironmentTelemetryModule::sendTelemetry(NodeNum dest, bool phoneOnly)
            p->priority = meshtastic_MeshPacket_Priority_RELIABLE;
        else
            p->priority = meshtastic_MeshPacket_Priority_BACKGROUND;
-        // release previous packet before occupying a new spot
-        if (lastMeasurementPacket != nullptr)
-            packetPool.release(lastMeasurementPacket);
+        const bool shouldReplaceDisplayPacket =
+            (lastMeasurementPacket == nullptr || lastMeasurementPacket->from == nodeDB->getNodeNum());
+        if (shouldReplaceDisplayPacket) {
+            // release previous packet before occupying a new spot
+            if (lastMeasurementPacket != nullptr)
+                packetPool.release(lastMeasurementPacket);

-        lastMeasurementPacket = packetPool.allocCopy(*p);
+            lastMeasurementPacket = packetPool.allocCopy(*p);
+        }
        if (phoneOnly) {
            LOG_INFO("Send packet to phone");
            service->sendToPhone(p);
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT31Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-SHT31Sensor::SHT31Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT31, "SHT31") {}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    sht31 = Adafruit_SHT31(bus);
-    status = sht31.begin(dev->address.address);
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT31Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht31.readTemperature();
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht31.readHumidity();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT31.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT31.h>
-
-class SHT31Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT31 sht31;
-
-  public:
-    SHT31Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHT4XSensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-SHT4XSensor::SHT4XSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHT4X, "SHT4X") {}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-
-    uint32_t serialNumber = 0;
-
-    status = sht4x.begin(bus);
-    if (!status) {
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    serialNumber = sht4x.readSerial();
-    if (serialNumber != 0) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("serialNumber : %x", serialNumber);
-        status = 1;
-    } else {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Error trying to execute readSerial(): ");
-        status = 0;
-    }
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHT4XSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    sht4x.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHT4x.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHT4x.h>
-
-class SHT4XSensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHT4x sht4x = Adafruit_SHT4x();
-
-  public:
-    SHT4XSensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "SHTC3Sensor.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-SHTC3Sensor::SHTC3Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTC3, "SHTC3") {}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
-{
-    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
-    status = shtc3.begin(bus);
-
-    initI2CSensor();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool SHTC3Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
-{
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
-
-    sensors_event_t humidity, temp;
-    shtc3.getEvent(&humidity, &temp);
-
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = temp.temperature;
-    measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = humidity.relative_humidity;
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-#endif
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#include "configuration.h"
-
-#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<Adafruit_SHTC3.h>)
-
-#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
-#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
-#include <Adafruit_SHTC3.h>
-
-class SHTC3Sensor : public TelemetrySensor
-{
-  private:
-    Adafruit_SHTC3 shtc3 = Adafruit_SHTC3();
-
-  public:
-    SHTC3Sensor();
-    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
-    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
-};
-
-#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "SHTXXSensor.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+SHTXXSensor::SHTXXSensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_SHTXX, "SHTXX") {}
+
+void SHTXXSensor::getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType sensorType)
+{
+    switch (sensorType) {
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT2X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT2x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x/SHT85";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT3x";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTW2:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC1:
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHTC3:
+        sensorVariant = "SHTC1/SHTC3/SHTW1/SHTW2";
+        break;
+
+    case SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X:
+        sensorVariant = "SHT4x";
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        sensorVariant = "Unknown";
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
+{
+    LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
+
+    _bus = bus;
+    _address = dev->address.address;
+
+    if (sht.init(*_bus)) {
+        LOG_INFO("%s: init(): success", sensorName);
+        getSensorVariant(sht.mSensorType);
+        LOG_INFO("%s Sensor detected: %s on 0x%x", sensorName, sensorVariant, _address);
+        status = 1;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s: init(): failed", sensorName);
+    }
+
+    initI2CSensor();
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accuracy setting of measurement.
+ * Not all sensors support changing the sampling accuracy (only SHT3X and SHT4X)
+ * SHTAccuracy:
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH: Highest repeatability at the cost of slower measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM: Balanced repeatability and speed of measurement
+ * - SHT_ACCURACY_LOW: Fastest measurement but lowest repeatability
+ */
+bool SHTXXSensor::setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy)
+{
+    // Only SHT3X-family (including alternates) and SHT4X support changing accuracy
+    if (sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT3X_ALT &&
+        sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT85 && sht.mSensorType != SHTSensor::SHTSensorType::SHT4X) {
+        LOG_WARN("%s doesn't support accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+    LOG_INFO("%s: setting new accuracy setting", sensorVariant);
+    accuracy = newAccuracy;
+    return sht.setAccuracy(accuracy);
+}
+
+bool SHTXXSensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
+{
+    if (sht.readSample()) {
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_temperature = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_relative_humidity = true;
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature = sht.getTemperature();
+        measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity = sht.getHumidity();
+
+        LOG_INFO("%s (%s): Got: temp:%fdegC, hum:%f%%rh", sensorName, sensorVariant,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.temperature,
+                 measurement->variant.environment_metrics.relative_humidity);
+
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR("%s (%s): read sample failed", sensorName, sensorVariant);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+AdminMessageHandleResult SHTXXSensor::handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                         meshtastic_AdminMessage *response)
+{
+    AdminMessageHandleResult result;
+    result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+
+    switch (request->which_payload_variant) {
+    case meshtastic_AdminMessage_sensor_config_tag:
+        if (!request->sensor_config.has_shtxx_config) {
+            result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Check for sensor accuracy setting
+        if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.has_set_accuracy) {
+            SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy;
+            if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 0) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_LOW;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 1) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_MEDIUM;
+            } else if (request->sensor_config.shtxx_config.set_accuracy == 2) {
+                newAccuracy = SHTSensor::SHT_ACCURACY_HIGH;
+            } else {
+                LOG_ERROR("%s: incorrect accuracy setting", sensorName);
+                result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+                break;
+            }
+            this->setAccuracy(newAccuracy);
+        }
+
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::HANDLED;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        result = AdminMessageHandleResult::NOT_HANDLED;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && __has_include(<SHTSensor.h>)
+
+#include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+#include "TelemetrySensor.h"
+#include <SHTSensor.h>
+
+class SHTXXSensor : public TelemetrySensor
+{
+  private:
+    SHTSensor sht;
+    TwoWire *_bus{};
+    uint8_t _address{};
+    SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy accuracy{};
+    bool setAccuracy(SHTSensor::SHTAccuracy newAccuracy);
+
+  public:
+    SHTXXSensor();
+    virtual bool getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement) override;
+    virtual bool initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev) override;
+    void getSensorVariant(SHTSensor::SHTSensorType);
+    const char *sensorVariant{};
+
+    AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessage(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,
+                                                meshtastic_AdminMessage *response) override;
+};
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "MeshModule.h"
+#include "concurrency/Lock.h"
+#include "concurrency/OSThread.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h"
+#include "mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
+
+#if HAS_TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT
+
+/**
+ * TrafficManagementModule - Packet inspection and traffic shaping for mesh networks.
+ *
+ * This module provides:
+ * - Position deduplication (drop redundant position broadcasts)
+ * - Per-node rate limiting (throttle chatty nodes)
+ * - Unknown packet filtering (drop undecoded packets from repeat offenders)
+ * - NodeInfo direct response (answer queries from cache to reduce mesh chatter)
+ * - Local-only telemetry/position (exhaust hop_limit for local broadcasts)
+ * - Router hop preservation (maintain hop_limit for router-to-router traffic)
+ *
+ * Memory Optimization:
+ * Uses a unified cache with cuckoo hashing for O(1) lookups and 56% memory reduction
+ * compared to separate per-feature caches. Timestamps are stored as 8-bit relative
+ * offsets from a rolling epoch to further reduce memory footprint.
+ */
+class TrafficManagementModule : public MeshModule, private concurrency::OSThread
+{
+  public:
+    TrafficManagementModule();
+    ~TrafficManagementModule();
+
+    // Singleton — no copying or moving
+    TrafficManagementModule(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+    TrafficManagementModule &operator=(const TrafficManagementModule &) = delete;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats getStats() const;
+    void resetStats();
+    void recordRouterHopPreserved();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this packet should have its hops exhausted.
+     * Called from perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 regardless of
+     * router_preserve_hops or favorite node logic.
+     */
+    bool shouldExhaustHops(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) const
+    {
+        return exhaustRequested && exhaustRequestedFrom == getFrom(&mp) && exhaustRequestedId == mp.id;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    ProcessMessage handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    bool wantPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) override { return true; }
+    void alterReceived(meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp) override;
+    int32_t runOnce() override;
+    // Protected so test shims can force epoch rollover behavior.
+    void resetEpoch(uint32_t nowMs);
+
+  private:
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Unified Cache Entry (10 bytes) - Same for ALL platforms
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // A single compact structure used across ESP32, NRF52, and all other platforms.
+    // Memory: 10 bytes × 2048 entries = 20KB
+    //
+    // Position Fingerprinting:
+    //   Instead of storing full coordinates (8 bytes) or a computed hash,
+    //   we store an 8-bit fingerprint derived deterministically from the
+    //   truncated lat/lon. This extracts the lower 4 significant bits from
+    //   each coordinate: fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    //   Benefits over hash:
+    //   - Adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints (no collision)
+    //   - Two positions only collide if 16+ grid cells apart in BOTH dimensions
+    //   - Deterministic: same input always produces same output
+    //
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution:
+    //   All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated
+    //   from config at startup. Resolution = max(60, min(339, interval/2)).
+    //   - Min 60 seconds ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - Max 339 seconds allows ~24 hour range (255 * 339 = 86445 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Layout:
+    //   [0-3]   node            - NodeNum (4 bytes)
+    //   [4]     pos_fingerprint - 4 bits lat + 4 bits lon (1 byte)
+    //   [5]     rate_count      - Packets in current window (1 byte)
+    //   [6]     unknown_count   - Unknown packets count (1 byte)
+    //   [7]     pos_time        - Position timestamp (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [8]     rate_time       - Rate window start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //   [9]     unknown_time    - Unknown tracking start (1 byte, adaptive resolution)
+    //
+    struct __attribute__((packed)) UnifiedCacheEntry {
+        NodeNum node;            // 4 bytes - Node identifier (0 = empty slot)
+        uint8_t pos_fingerprint; // 1 byte  - Lower 4 bits of lat + lon
+        uint8_t rate_count;      // 1 byte  - Packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t unknown_count;   // 1 byte  - Unknown packet count (saturates at 255)
+        uint8_t pos_time;        // 1 byte  - Position timestamp (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t rate_time;       // 1 byte  - Rate window start (adaptive resolution)
+        uint8_t unknown_time;    // 1 byte  - Unknown tracking start (adaptive resolution)
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(UnifiedCacheEntry) == 10, "UnifiedCacheEntry should be 10 bytes");
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cuckoo Hash Table Implementation
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Cuckoo hashing provides O(1) worst-case lookup time using two hash functions.
+    // Each key can be in one of two possible locations (h1 or h2). On collision,
+    // the existing entry is "kicked" to its alternate location.
+    //
+    // Benefits over linear scan:
+    // - O(1) lookup vs O(n) - critical at packet processing rates
+    // - O(1) insertion (amortized) with simple eviction on cycles
+    // - ~95% load factor achievable
+    //
+    // Cache size rounds to power-of-2 for fast modulo via bitmask.
+    // TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE=2000 → cacheSize()=2048
+    //
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheSize();
+    static constexpr uint16_t cacheMask();
+
+    // Hash functions for cuckoo hashing
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & cacheMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t cuckooHash2(NodeNum node) const { return ((node * 2654435769u) >> (32 - cuckooHashBits())) & cacheMask(); }
+    static constexpr uint8_t cuckooHashBits();
+
+    // NodeInfo cache configuration (PSRAM path):
+    // - Payload lives in PSRAM
+    // - DRAM keeps packed 12-bit tags with 4-way bucketed cuckoo hashing
+    //   (Fan et al., CoNEXT 2014). Tag value 0 is reserved as "empty".
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes = 3072; // 3KB DRAM tag store
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent = 95;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoBucketSize = 4;
+    static constexpr uint8_t kNodeInfoTagBits = 12;
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTagMask = static_cast<uint16_t>((1u << kNodeInfoTagBits) - 1u);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes * 8u) / kNodeInfoTagBits);
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoIndexSlots =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>(kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw - (kNodeInfoIndexSlotsRaw % kNodeInfoBucketSize));
+    static constexpr uint16_t kNodeInfoTargetEntries =
+        static_cast<uint16_t>((kNodeInfoIndexSlots * kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent) / 100u);
+    static_assert((kNodeInfoIndexSlots % kNodeInfoBucketSize) == 0, "NodeInfo slot count must align to bucket size");
+    static_assert(kNodeInfoTargetEntries < (1u << kNodeInfoTagBits), "NodeInfo tag bits must encode payload index");
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTargetEntries();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketSize();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoTagBits();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoTagMask();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoIndexSlots();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketCount();
+    static constexpr uint16_t nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    static constexpr uint8_t nodeInfoBucketHashBits();
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash1(NodeNum node) const { return node & nodeInfoBucketMask(); }
+    inline uint16_t nodeInfoHash2(NodeNum node) const
+    {
+        return ((node * 2246822519u) >> (32 - nodeInfoBucketHashBits())) & nodeInfoBucketMask();
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Adaptive Timestamp Resolution
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // All timestamps use 8-bit values with adaptive resolution calculated from
+    // config at startup. This allows ~24 hour range while maintaining precision.
+    //
+    // Resolution formula: max(60, min(339, interval/2))
+    //   - 60 sec minimum ensures reasonable precision
+    //   - 339 sec maximum allows 24 hour range (255 * 339 ≈ 86400 sec)
+    //   - interval/2 ensures at least 2 ticks per configured interval
+    //
+    // Since config changes require reboot, resolution is calculated once.
+    //
+    uint32_t cacheEpochMs = 0;
+    uint16_t posTimeResolution = 60;     // Seconds per tick for position
+    uint16_t rateTimeResolution = 60;    // Seconds per tick for rate limiting
+    uint16_t unknownTimeResolution = 60; // Seconds per tick for unknown tracking
+
+    // Calculate resolution from configured interval (called once at startup)
+    static uint16_t calcTimeResolution(uint32_t intervalSecs)
+    {
+        // Resolution = interval/2 to ensure at least 2 ticks per interval
+        // Clamped to [60, 339] for min precision and max 24h range
+        uint32_t res = (intervalSecs > 0) ? (intervalSecs / 2) : 60;
+        if (res < 60)
+            res = 60;
+        if (res > 339)
+            res = 339;
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(res);
+    }
+
+    // Convert to/from 8-bit relative timestamps with given resolution
+    uint8_t toRelativeTime(uint32_t nowMs, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        uint32_t ticks = (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) / (resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+        return (ticks > UINT8_MAX) ? UINT8_MAX : static_cast<uint8_t>(ticks);
+    }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeTime(uint8_t ticks, uint16_t resolutionSecs) const
+    {
+        return cacheEpochMs + (static_cast<uint32_t>(ticks) * resolutionSecs * 1000UL);
+    }
+
+    // Convenience wrappers for each timestamp type
+    uint8_t toRelativePosTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, posTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativePosTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, posTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeRateTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, rateTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeRateTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, rateTimeResolution); }
+
+    uint8_t toRelativeUnknownTime(uint32_t nowMs) const { return toRelativeTime(nowMs, unknownTimeResolution); }
+    uint32_t fromRelativeUnknownTime(uint8_t t) const { return fromRelativeTime(t, unknownTimeResolution); }
+
+    // Epoch reset when any timestamp approaches overflow
+    // With max resolution of 339 sec, 200 ticks = ~19 hours (safe margin for 24h max)
+    bool needsEpochReset(uint32_t nowMs) const
+    {
+        uint16_t maxRes = posTimeResolution;
+        if (rateTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = rateTimeResolution;
+        if (unknownTimeResolution > maxRes)
+            maxRes = unknownTimeResolution;
+        return (nowMs - cacheEpochMs) > (200UL * maxRes * 1000UL);
+    }
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Position Fingerprint
+    // =========================================================================
+    //
+    // Computes 8-bit fingerprint from truncated lat/lon coordinates.
+    // Extracts lower 4 significant bits from each coordinate.
+    //
+    // fingerprint = (lat_low4 << 4) | lon_low4
+    //
+    // Unlike a hash, adjacent grid cells have sequential fingerprints,
+    // so nearby positions never collide. Collisions only occur for
+    // positions 16+ grid cells apart in both dimensions.
+    //
+    // Guards: If precision < 4 bits, uses min(precision, 4) bits.
+    //
+    static uint8_t computePositionFingerprint(int32_t lat_truncated, int32_t lon_truncated, uint8_t precision);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Storage
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    mutable concurrency::Lock cacheLock; // Protects all cache access
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *cache = nullptr;  // Cuckoo hash table (unified for all platforms)
+    bool cacheFromPsram = false;         // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+
+    struct NodeInfoPayloadEntry {
+        // Node identifier associated with this payload slot.
+        // 0 means the slot is currently unused.
+        NodeNum node;
+
+        // Cached NODEINFO_APP payload body. This is separate from NodeDB and is only
+        // used by the PSRAM-backed direct-response path in this module.
+        meshtastic_User user;
+
+        // Extra response metadata captured from the latest observed NODEINFO_APP
+        // packet for this node. shouldRespondToNodeInfo() uses this metadata when
+        // building spoofed replies for requesting clients.
+
+        // Last local uptime tick (millis) when this entry was refreshed.
+        uint32_t lastObservedMs;
+
+        // Last RTC/packet timestamp (seconds) observed for this NodeInfo frame.
+        // If unavailable in packet, remains 0.
+        uint32_t lastObservedRxTime;
+
+        // Channel where we most recently heard this node's NodeInfo.
+        uint8_t sourceChannel;
+
+        // Cached decoded bitfield metadata from the source packet.
+        // We preserve non-OK_TO_MQTT bits in direct replies when available.
+        bool hasDecodedBitfield;
+        uint8_t decodedBitfield;
+    };
+
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *nodeInfoPayload = nullptr; // NodeInfo payloads in PSRAM
+    bool nodeInfoPayloadFromPsram = false;           // Tracks allocator for correct deallocation
+    uint8_t *nodeInfoIndex = nullptr;                // Packed 12-bit NodeInfo tags in DRAM
+    uint16_t nodeInfoAllocHint = 0;
+    uint16_t nodeInfoEvictCursor = 0;
+
+    meshtastic_TrafficManagementStats stats;
+
+    // Flag set during alterReceived() when packet should be exhausted.
+    // Checked by perhapsRebroadcast() to force hop_limit = 0 only for the
+    // matching packet key (from + id). Reset at start of handleReceived().
+    bool exhaustRequested = false;
+    NodeNum exhaustRequestedFrom = 0;
+    PacketId exhaustRequestedId = 0;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Cache Operations
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    // Find or create entry for node using cuckoo hashing
+    // Returns nullptr if cache is full and eviction fails
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findOrCreateEntry(NodeNum node, bool *isNew);
+
+    // Find existing entry (no creation)
+    UnifiedCacheEntry *findEntry(NodeNum node);
+
+    // NodeInfo cache operations (bucketed cuckoo index + PSRAM payloads)
+    const NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node) const;
+    NodeInfoPayloadEntry *findOrCreateNodeInfoEntry(NodeNum node, bool *usedEmptySlot);
+    uint16_t findNodeInfoPayloadIndex(NodeNum node) const;
+    bool removeNodeInfoIndexEntry(NodeNum node, uint16_t payloadIndex);
+    uint16_t allocateNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    uint16_t evictNodeInfoPayloadSlot();
+    bool tryInsertNodeInfoEntryInBucket(uint16_t bucket, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t encodeNodeInfoTag(uint16_t payloadIndex) const;
+    uint16_t decodeNodeInfoPayloadIndex(uint16_t tag) const;
+    uint16_t getNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot) const;
+    void setNodeInfoTag(uint16_t slot, uint16_t tag);
+    uint16_t countNodeInfoEntriesLocked() const;
+    void cacheNodeInfoPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Traffic Management Logic
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    bool shouldDropPosition(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtastic_Position *pos, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldRespondToNodeInfo(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool sendResponse);
+    bool isMinHopsFromRequestor(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p) const;
+    bool isRateLimited(NodeNum from, uint32_t nowMs);
+    bool shouldDropUnknown(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, uint32_t nowMs);
+
+    void logAction(const char *action, const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const char *reason) const;
+    void incrementStat(uint32_t *field);
+};
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Compile-time Cache Size Calculations
+// =========================================================================
+//
+// Round TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE up to next power of 2 for efficient
+// cuckoo hash indexing (allows bitmask instead of modulo).
+//
+// These use C++11-compatible constexpr (single return statement).
+//
+
+namespace detail
+{
+// Helper: round up to next power of 2 using bit manipulation
+constexpr uint16_t nextPow2(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n == 0 ? 0 : (((n - 1) | ((n - 1) >> 1) | ((n - 1) >> 2) | ((n - 1) >> 4) | ((n - 1) >> 8)) + 1);
+}
+
+// Helper: floor(log2(n)) for n >= 0, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Floor(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n >> 1)));
+}
+
+// Helper: ceil(log2(n)) for n >= 1, C++11-compatible constexpr.
+constexpr uint8_t log2Ceil(uint16_t n)
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 0 : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + log2Floor(static_cast<uint16_t>(n - 1)));
+}
+} // namespace detail
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheSize()
+{
+    return detail::nextPow2(TRAFFIC_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_SIZE);
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::cacheMask()
+{
+    return cacheSize() > 0 ? cacheSize() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::cuckooHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(cacheSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetEntries()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetEntries;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexMetadataBudgetBytes;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTargetOccupancyPercent;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketSize()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoBucketSize;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagBits()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagBits;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoTagMask()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoTagMask;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoIndexSlots()
+{
+    return kNodeInfoIndexSlots;
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketCount()
+{
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(nodeInfoIndexSlots() / nodeInfoBucketSize());
+}
+
+constexpr uint16_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketMask()
+{
+    return nodeInfoBucketCount() > 0 ? nodeInfoBucketCount() - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+constexpr uint8_t TrafficManagementModule::nodeInfoBucketHashBits()
+{
+    return detail::log2Floor(nodeInfoBucketCount());
+}
+
+extern TrafficManagementModule *trafficManagementModule;
+
+#endif
@@ -15,15 +15,6 @@

 WaypointModule *waypointModule;

-static inline float degToRad(float deg)
-{
-    return deg * PI / 180.0f;
-}
-static inline float radToDeg(float rad)
-{
-    return rad * 180.0f / PI;
-}
-
 ProcessMessage WaypointModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
 #if defined(DEBUG_PORT) && !defined(DEBUG_MUTE)
@@ -91,9 +82,7 @@ void WaypointModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,

    // === Header ===
    graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
-
-    const int w = display->getWidth();
-    const int h = display->getHeight();
+    const int *textPos = graphics::getTextPositions(display);

    // Decode the waypoint
    const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp = devicestate.rx_waypoint;
@@ -108,71 +97,118 @@ void WaypointModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state,
    getTimeAgoStr(sinceReceived(&mp), lastStr, sizeof(lastStr));

    // Will contain distance information, passed as a field to drawColumns
-    char distStr[20];
+    char distStr[20] = "";

    // Get our node, to use our own position
    meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *ourNode = nodeDB->getMeshNode(nodeDB->getNodeNum());

-    // Dimensions / co-ordinates for the compass/circle
-    const uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(w, h);
-    const int16_t compassX = x + w - (compassDiam / 2) - 5;
-    const int16_t compassY = (config.display.displaymode == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_DEFAULT)
-                                 ? y + h / 2
-                                 : y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (h - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
+    // Match compass sizing/placement to favorite node screen logic.
+    const int w = display->getWidth();
+    int16_t compassRadius = 8;
+    int16_t compassX = x + w - compassRadius - 8;
+    int16_t compassY = y + display->getHeight() / 2;

-    // If our node has a position:
-    if (ourNode && (nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode) || screen->hasHeading())) {
-        const meshtastic_PositionLite &op = ourNode->position;
-        float myHeading;
-        if (uiconfig.compass_mode == meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING) {
-            myHeading = 0;
-        } else {
-            if (screen->hasHeading())
-                myHeading = degToRad(screen->getHeading());
-            else
-                myHeading = screen->estimatedHeading(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
+    if (SCREEN_WIDTH > SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
+        const int16_t topY = textPos[1];
+        const int16_t bottomY = SCREEN_HEIGHT - (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
+        const int16_t usableHeight = bottomY - topY - 5;
+        compassRadius = usableHeight / 2;
+        if (compassRadius < 8)
+            compassRadius = 8;
+        compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH - compassRadius - 8;
+        compassY = topY + (usableHeight / 2) + ((FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1) / 2) + 2;
+    } else {
+        // Waypoint content uses rows 1..4, so place the compass below that block.
+        const int yBelowContent = textPos[4] + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + 2;
+        const int margin = 4;
+#if defined(USE_EINK)
+        const int iconSize = (graphics::currentResolution == graphics::ScreenResolution::High) ? 16 : 8;
+        const int navBarHeight = iconSize + 6;
+#else
+        const int navBarHeight = 0;
+#endif
+        const int availableHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT - yBelowContent - navBarHeight - margin;
+        if (availableHeight > 0) {
+            compassRadius = availableHeight / 2;
+            if (compassRadius < 8)
+                compassRadius = 8;
+            if (compassRadius * 2 > SCREEN_WIDTH - 16)
+                compassRadius = (SCREEN_WIDTH - 16) / 2;
+            if (compassRadius < 8)
+                compassRadius = 8;
+            compassX = x + SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
+            compassY = yBelowContent + availableHeight / 2;
        }
-        graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, (compassDiam / 2));
+    }
+    const uint16_t compassDiam = compassRadius * 2;

-        // Compass bearing to waypoint
-        float bearingToOther =
-            GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i));
-        // If the top of the compass is a static north then bearingToOther can be drawn on the compass directly
-        // If the top of the compass is not a static north we need adjust bearingToOther based on heading
-        if (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FREEZE_HEADING)
-            bearingToOther -= myHeading;
-        graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearingToOther);
+    const bool hasOwnPositionFix = (ourNode && nodeDB->hasValidPosition(ourNode));
+    const char *statusLine1 = nullptr;
+    const char *statusLine2 = nullptr;

-        float bearingToOtherDegrees = (bearingToOther < 0) ? bearingToOther + 2 * PI : bearingToOther;
-        bearingToOtherDegrees = radToDeg(bearingToOtherDegrees);
+    // Distance only needs our own position fix; compass/bearing additionally needs heading.
+    if (hasOwnPositionFix) {
+        const meshtastic_PositionLite &op = ourNode->position;
+        const float d =
+            GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));

-        // Distance to Waypoint
-        float d = GeoCoord::latLongToMeter(DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i), DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i));
+        // Always show distance once we have an own-position fix, even without heading.
        if (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) {
            float feet = d * METERS_TO_FEET;
-            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft   %.0f°" : "%.1fmi   %.0f°",
-                     feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET, bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft" : "%.1fmi",
+                     feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET);
        } else {
-            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm   %.0f°" : "%.1fkm   %.0f°", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000,
-                     bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm" : "%.1fkm", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000);
        }
+
+        float myHeading = 0.0f;
+        const bool hasHeading =
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::getHeadingRadians(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), myHeading);
+        if (hasHeading) {
+            // Draw compass circle
+            display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, myHeading, compassRadius);
+
+            // Compass bearing to waypoint
+            float bearingToOther =
+                GeoCoord::bearing(DegD(op.latitude_i), DegD(op.longitude_i), DegD(wp.latitude_i), DegD(wp.longitude_i));
+            bearingToOther = graphics::CompassRenderer::adjustBearingForCompassMode(bearingToOther, myHeading);
+            graphics::CompassRenderer::drawNodeHeading(display, compassX, compassY, compassDiam, bearingToOther);
+
+            const float bearingToOtherDegrees = graphics::CompassRenderer::radiansToDegrees360(bearingToOther);
+
+            // Distance to waypoint with relative bearing when heading is available.
+            if (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) {
+                float feet = d * METERS_TO_FEET;
+                snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? "%.0fft   %.0f°" : "%.1fmi   %.0f°",
+                         feet < (2 * MILES_TO_FEET) ? feet : feet / MILES_TO_FEET, bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), d < 2000 ? "%.0fm   %.0f°" : "%.1fkm   %.0f°", d < 2000 ? d : d / 1000,
+                         bearingToOtherDegrees);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            statusLine1 = "No";
+            statusLine2 = "Heading";
+        }
+    } else {
+        // No own fix yet, so compass/bearing data would be misleading.
+        statusLine1 = "No";
+        statusLine2 = "Fix";
    }

-    else {
-        display->drawString(compassX - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 4, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL / 2, "?");
-
-        // ? in the distance field
-        snprintf(distStr, sizeof(distStr), "? %s ?°",
-                 (config.display.units == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayUnits_IMPERIAL) ? "mi" : "km");
+    if (statusLine1) {
+        display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassRadius);
+        display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
+        display->drawString(compassX, compassY - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, statusLine1);
+        display->drawString(compassX, compassY, statusLine2);
    }

-    // Draw compass circle
-    display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassDiam / 2);
-
    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT); // Something above me changes to a different alignment, forcing a fix here!
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], lastStr);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], wp.name);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], wp.description);
-    display->drawString(0, graphics::getTextPositions(display)[line++], distStr);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], lastStr);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], wp.name);
+    display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], wp.description);
+    if (distStr[0])
+        display->drawString(0, textPos[line++], distStr);
 }
 #endif
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ AudioModule::AudioModule() : SinglePortModule("Audio", meshtastic_PortNum_AUDIO_
    // moduleConfig.audio.i2s_sck = 14;
    // moduleConfig.audio.ptt_pin = 39;

-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        LOG_INFO("Set up codec2 in mode %u", (moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
        codec2 = codec2_create((moduleConfig.audio.bitrate ? moduleConfig.audio.bitrate : AUDIO_MODULE_MODE) - 1);
        memcpy(tx_header.magic, c2_magic, sizeof(c2_magic));
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void AudioModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int

 int32_t AudioModule::runOnce()
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        esp_err_t res;
        if (firstTime) {
            // Set up I2S Processor configuration. This will produce 16bit samples at 8 kHz instead of 12 from the ADC
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void AudioModule::sendPayload(NodeNum dest, bool wantReplies)

 ProcessMessage AudioModule::handleReceived(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp)
 {
-    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->audioPermitted)) {
+    if ((moduleConfig.audio.codec2_enabled) && (myRegion->profile->audioPermitted)) {
        auto &p = mp.decoded;
        if (!isFromUs(&mp)) {
            memcpy(rx_encode_frame, p.payload.bytes, p.payload.size);
@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 #endif

-// Flag when an interrupt has been detected
-volatile static bool BMM150_IRQ = false;
-
 BMM150Sensor::BMM150Sensor(ScanI2C::FoundDevice foundDevice) : MotionSensor::MotionSensor(foundDevice) {}

 bool BMM150Sensor::init()
@@ -23,24 +20,7 @@ int32_t BMM150Sensor::runOnce()
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
    float heading = sensor->getCompassDegree();
-
-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
    if (screen)
        screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -90,4 +70,4 @@ bool BMM150Singleton::init(ScanI2C::FoundDevice device)
    return true;
 }

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ bool BMX160Sensor::init()
    if (sensor.begin()) {
        // set output data rate
        sensor.ODR_Config(BMX160_ACCEL_ODR_100HZ, BMX160_GYRO_ODR_100HZ);
+        loadMagnetometerCalibration(compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
        LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 init ok");
        return true;
    }
@@ -33,42 +34,12 @@ int32_t BMX160Sensor::runOnce()
    sensor.getAllData(&magAccel, NULL, &gAccel);

    if (doCalibration) {
-
-        if (!showingScreen) {
-            powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
-            showingScreen = true;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
-        }
-
-        if (magAccel.x > highestX)
-            highestX = magAccel.x;
-        if (magAccel.x < lowestX)
-            lowestX = magAccel.x;
-        if (magAccel.y > highestY)
-            highestY = magAccel.y;
-        if (magAccel.y < lowestY)
-            lowestY = magAccel.y;
-        if (magAccel.z > highestZ)
-            highestZ = magAccel.z;
-        if (magAccel.z < lowestZ)
-            lowestZ = magAccel.z;
-
-        uint32_t now = millis();
-        if (now > endCalibrationAt) {
-            doCalibration = false;
-            endCalibrationAt = 0;
-            showingScreen = false;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->endAlert();
-        }
-
-        // LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 min_x: %.4f, max_X: %.4f, min_Y: %.4f, max_Y: %.4f, min_Z: %.4f, max_Z: %.4f", lowestX, highestX,
-        // lowestY, highestY, lowestZ, highestZ);
+        beginCalibrationDisplay(showingScreen);
+        updateCalibrationExtrema(magAccel.x, magAccel.y, magAccel.z, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+        finishCalibrationIfExpired(showingScreen, compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ,
+                                   lowestZ);
    }

-    int highestRealX = highestX - (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
-
    magAccel.x -= (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
    magAccel.y -= (highestY + lowestY) / 2;
    magAccel.z -= (highestZ + lowestZ) / 2;
@@ -88,23 +59,7 @@ int32_t BMX160Sensor::runOnce()

    float heading = FusionCompassCalculateHeading(FusionConventionNed, ga, ma);

-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
    if (screen)
        screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -119,15 +74,8 @@ void BMX160Sensor::calibrate(uint16_t forSeconds)
    sBmx160SensorData_t gAccel;
    LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 calibration started for %is", forSeconds);
    sensor.getAllData(&magAccel, NULL, &gAccel);
-    highestX = magAccel.x, lowestX = magAccel.x;
-    highestY = magAccel.y, lowestY = magAccel.y;
-    highestZ = magAccel.z, lowestZ = magAccel.z;
-
-    doCalibration = true;
-    uint16_t calibrateFor = forSeconds * 1000; // calibrate for seconds provided
-    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
-    if (screen)
-        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+    seedCalibrationExtrema(magAccel.x, magAccel.y, magAccel.z, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+    startCalibrationWindow(forSeconds);
 #endif
 }

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class BMX160Sensor : public MotionSensor
  private:
    RAK_BMX160 sensor;
    bool showingScreen = false;
+    static constexpr const char *compassCalibrationFileName = "/prefs/compass_bmx160.dat";
    float highestX = 0, lowestX = 0, highestY = 0, lowestY = 0, highestZ = 0, lowestZ = 0;

  public:
@@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ class BMX160Sensor : public MotionSensor

 #endif

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ bool ICM20948Sensor::init()
        return false;

    // Enable simple Wake on Motion
-    return sensor->setWakeOnMotion();
+    bool wakeOnMotionOk = sensor->setWakeOnMotion();
+    if (wakeOnMotionOk) {
+        loadMagnetometerCalibration(compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+    }
+    return wakeOnMotionOk;
 }

 #ifdef ICM_20948_INT_PIN
@@ -47,7 +51,8 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
-    if (screen && !screen->isScreenOn() && !config.display.wake_on_tap_or_motion && !config.device.double_tap_as_button_press) {
+    if (screen && !doCalibration && !screen->isScreenOn() && !config.display.wake_on_tap_or_motion &&
+        !config.device.double_tap_as_button_press) {
        if (!isAsleep) {
            LOG_DEBUG("sleeping IMU");
            sensor->sleep(true);
@@ -69,38 +74,10 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
    }

    if (doCalibration) {
-
-        if (!showingScreen) {
-            powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
-            showingScreen = true;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
-        }
-
-        if (magX > highestX)
-            highestX = magX;
-        if (magX < lowestX)
-            lowestX = magX;
-        if (magY > highestY)
-            highestY = magY;
-        if (magY < lowestY)
-            lowestY = magY;
-        if (magZ > highestZ)
-            highestZ = magZ;
-        if (magZ < lowestZ)
-            lowestZ = magZ;
-
-        uint32_t now = millis();
-        if (now > endCalibrationAt) {
-            doCalibration = false;
-            endCalibrationAt = 0;
-            showingScreen = false;
-            if (screen)
-                screen->endAlert();
-        }
-
-        // LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 min_x: %.4f, max_X: %.4f, min_Y: %.4f, max_Y: %.4f, min_Z: %.4f, max_Z: %.4f", lowestX, highestX,
-        //           lowestY, highestY, lowestZ, highestZ);
+        beginCalibrationDisplay(showingScreen);
+        updateCalibrationExtrema(magX, magY, magZ, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+        finishCalibrationIfExpired(showingScreen, compassCalibrationFileName, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ,
+                                   lowestZ);
    }

    magX -= (highestX + lowestX) / 2;
@@ -122,23 +99,7 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()

    float heading = FusionCompassCalculateHeading(FusionConventionNed, ga, ma);

-    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0_INVERTED:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_0:
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
-        heading += 90;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
-        heading += 180;
-        break;
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
-    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
-        heading += 270;
-        break;
-    }
+    heading = applyCompassOrientation(heading);
    if (screen)
        screen->setHeading(heading);
 #endif
@@ -169,26 +130,16 @@ int32_t ICM20948Sensor::runOnce()
 void ICM20948Sensor::calibrate(uint16_t forSeconds)
 {
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
-    LOG_DEBUG("Old calibration data: highestX = %f, lowestX = %f, highestY = %f, lowestY = %f, highestZ = %f, lowestZ = %f",
-              highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
-    LOG_DEBUG("BMX160 calibration started for %is", forSeconds);
+    LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 cal start %is", forSeconds);
    if (sensor->dataReady()) {
        sensor->getAGMT();
-        highestX = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x;
-        lowestX = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x;
-        highestY = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y;
-        lowestY = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y;
-        highestZ = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z;
-        lowestZ = sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z;
+        seedCalibrationExtrema(sensor->agmt.mag.axes.x, sensor->agmt.mag.axes.y, sensor->agmt.mag.axes.z, highestX, lowestX,
+                               highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
    } else {
-        highestX = 0, lowestX = 0, highestY = 0, lowestY = 0, highestZ = 0, lowestZ = 0;
+        seedCalibrationExtrema(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
    }

-    doCalibration = true;
-    uint16_t calibrateFor = forSeconds * 1000; // calibrate for seconds provided
-    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
-    if (screen)
-        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+    startCalibrationWindow(forSeconds);
 #endif
 }
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -314,11 +265,6 @@ bool ICM20948Singleton::setWakeOnMotion()
    status = intEnableWOM(true);
    LOG_DEBUG("ICM20948 init set intEnableWOM - %s", statusString());
    return status == ICM_20948_Stat_Ok;
-
-    // Clear any current interrupts
-    ICM20948_IRQ = false;
-    clearInterrupts();
-    return true;
 }

 #endif
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class ICM20948Sensor : public MotionSensor
    ICM20948Singleton *sensor = nullptr;
    bool showingScreen = false;
    bool isAsleep = false;
+    static constexpr const char *compassCalibrationFileName = "/prefs/compass_icm20948.dat";
 #ifdef MUZI_BASE
    float highestX = 449.000000, lowestX = -140.000000, highestY = 422.000000, lowestY = -232.000000, highestZ = 749.000000,
          lowestZ = 98.000000;
@@ -103,4 +104,4 @@ class ICM20948Sensor : public MotionSensor

 #endif

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -1,10 +1,37 @@
 #include "MotionSensor.h"
+#include "FSCommon.h"
+#include "SPILock.h"
+#include "SafeFile.h"
 #include "graphics/draw/CompassRenderer.h"

 #if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C

 char timeRemainingBuffer[12];

+namespace
+{
+constexpr uint32_t COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC = 0x4D43414CL; // "MCAL"
+constexpr uint16_t COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION = 1;
+
+struct CompassCalibrationRecord {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint16_t reserved;
+    float highestX;
+    float lowestX;
+    float highestY;
+    float lowestY;
+    float highestZ;
+    float lowestZ;
+};
+
+bool isRangeValid(float highest, float lowest)
+{
+    // NaN/Inf guard without pulling in extra math helpers.
+    return (highest == highest) && (lowest == lowest) && (highest > lowest);
+}
+} // namespace
+
 // screen is defined in main.cpp
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;

@@ -32,33 +59,237 @@ ScanI2C::I2CPort MotionSensor::devicePort()
    return device.address.port;
 }

+bool MotionSensor::saveMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY, float lowestY,
+                                               float highestZ, float lowestZ)
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    if (!isRangeValid(highestX, lowestX) || !isRangeValid(highestY, lowestY) || !isRangeValid(highestZ, lowestZ)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
+    CompassCalibrationRecord record = {
+        COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC, COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION, 0, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ};
+
+    auto file = SafeFile(filePath, true);
+    const size_t written = file.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    return (written == sizeof(record)) && file.close();
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool MotionSensor::loadMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                               float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    CompassCalibrationRecord record = {};
+    size_t bytesRead = 0;
+
+    spiLock->lock();
+    auto file = FSCom.open(filePath, FILE_O_READ);
+    if (!file) {
+        spiLock->unlock();
+        return false;
+    }
+    bytesRead = file.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    file.close();
+    spiLock->unlock();
+
+    const bool headerValid = (bytesRead == sizeof(record)) && (record.magic == COMPASS_CALIBRATION_MAGIC) &&
+                             (record.version == COMPASS_CALIBRATION_VERSION) && (record.reserved == 0U);
+    const bool rangeValid = isRangeValid(record.highestX, record.lowestX) && isRangeValid(record.highestY, record.lowestY) &&
+                            isRangeValid(record.highestZ, record.lowestZ);
+    if (!headerValid || !rangeValid) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    highestX = record.highestX;
+    lowestX = record.lowestX;
+    highestY = record.highestY;
+    lowestY = record.lowestY;
+    highestZ = record.highestZ;
+    lowestZ = record.lowestZ;
+
+    return true;
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::beginCalibrationDisplay(bool &showingScreen)
+{
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (!showingScreen) {
+        powerFSM.trigger(EVENT_PRESS); // keep screen alive during calibration
+        showingScreen = true;
+        if (screen)
+            screen->startAlert((FrameCallback)drawFrameCalibration);
+    }
+#else
+    (void)showingScreen;
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::finishCalibrationIfExpired(bool &showingScreen, const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX,
+                                              float highestY, float lowestY, float highestZ, float lowestZ)
+{
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    if ((int32_t)(now - endCalibrationAt) < 0)
+        return;
+
+    doCalibration = false;
+    endCalibrationAt = 0;
+    showingScreen = false;
+    saveMagnetometerCalibration(filePath, highestX, lowestX, highestY, lowestY, highestZ, lowestZ);
+
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (screen) {
+        screen->setEndCalibration(0);
+        screen->endAlert();
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::startCalibrationWindow(uint16_t forSeconds)
+{
+    doCalibration = true;
+    const uint32_t calibrateFor = static_cast<uint32_t>(forSeconds) * 1000U;
+    endCalibrationAt = millis() + calibrateFor;
+#if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
+    if (screen)
+        screen->setEndCalibration(endCalibrationAt);
+#endif
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::seedCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                          float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+    highestX = lowestX = x;
+    highestY = lowestY = y;
+    highestZ = lowestZ = z;
+}
+
+void MotionSensor::updateCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                            float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ)
+{
+    if (x > highestX)
+        highestX = x;
+    if (x < lowestX)
+        lowestX = x;
+    if (y > highestY)
+        highestY = y;
+    if (y < lowestY)
+        lowestY = y;
+    if (z > highestZ)
+        highestZ = z;
+    if (z < lowestZ)
+        lowestZ = z;
+}
+
+float MotionSensor::applyCompassOrientation(float heading)
+{
+    switch (config.display.compass_orientation) {
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_90_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 90;
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_180_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 180;
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270:
+    case meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_CompassOrientation_DEGREES_270_INVERTED:
+        return heading + 270;
+    default:
+        return heading;
+    }
+}
+
 #if !defined(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN) && HAS_SCREEN
 void MotionSensor::drawFrameCalibration(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
    if (screen == nullptr)
        return;
-    // int x_offset = display->width() / 2;
-    // int y_offset = display->height() <= 80 ? 0 : 32;
-    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
-    display->setFont(FONT_MEDIUM);
-    display->drawString(x, y, "Calibrating\nCompass");

-    uint8_t timeRemaining = (screen->getEndCalibration() - millis()) / 1000;
-    sprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, "( %02d )", timeRemaining);
-    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
-    display->drawString(x, y + 40, timeRemainingBuffer);
+    const int16_t width = display->getWidth();
+    const int16_t height = display->getHeight();
+    const bool compactLayout = (height <= 80);
+    const int16_t margin = 4;
+
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    const uint32_t endCalibrationAt = screen->getEndCalibration();
+    uint32_t timeRemaining = 0;
+    if (endCalibrationAt > now) {
+        timeRemaining = (endCalibrationAt - now + 999) / 1000;
+    }

    int16_t compassX = 0, compassY = 0;
-    uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(display->getWidth(), display->getHeight());
+    uint16_t compassDiam = graphics::CompassRenderer::getCompassDiam(width, height);
+    const int16_t compassRadius = compassDiam / 2;

    // coordinates for the center of the compass/circle
    if (config.display.displaymode == meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_DisplayMode_DEFAULT) {
-        compassX = x + display->getWidth() - compassDiam / 2 - 5;
-        compassY = y + display->getHeight() / 2;
+        compassX = x + width - compassRadius - margin;
+        compassY = y + height / 2;
    } else {
-        compassX = x + display->getWidth() - compassDiam / 2 - 5;
-        compassY = y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (display->getHeight() - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
+        compassX = x + width - compassRadius - margin;
+        compassY = y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL + (height - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL) / 2;
    }
+
+    const int16_t textLeft = x + 1;
+    const int16_t textRight = compassX - compassRadius - margin;
+    const int16_t textWidth = textRight - textLeft;
+    int16_t lineY = y;
+
+    display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
+    if (textWidth > 12) {
+        const char *title = "Cal";
+        const char *line1 = "Figure-8";
+        const char *line2 = "Rotate axes";
+        const char *line3 = "Away from metal";
+
+        display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+        if (!compactLayout && display->getStringWidth("Compass Calibration") <= textWidth) {
+            display->setFont(FONT_MEDIUM);
+            title = "Compass Calibration";
+            line1 = "Move in figure-8";
+            line2 = "Rotate all axes";
+            line3 = "Keep from metal";
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_MEDIUM;
+            display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+        } else if (display->getStringWidth("Compass Cal") <= textWidth) {
+            title = "Compass Cal";
+            if (textWidth >= display->getStringWidth("Move in figure-8")) {
+                line1 = "Move in figure-8";
+                line2 = "Rotate all axes";
+                line3 = "Keep from metal";
+            }
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        } else {
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, title);
+            lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        }
+
+        display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line1);
+        lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line2);
+        lineY += FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        if (!compactLayout || textWidth >= display->getStringWidth(line3)) {
+            display->drawString(textLeft, lineY, line3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (textWidth >= display->getStringWidth("000s left")) {
+        snprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, sizeof(timeRemainingBuffer), "%lus left", (unsigned long)timeRemaining);
+    } else {
+        snprintf(timeRemainingBuffer, sizeof(timeRemainingBuffer), "%lus", (unsigned long)timeRemaining);
+    }
+    display->setFont(FONT_SMALL);
+    if (textWidth > 12) {
+        display->drawString(textLeft, y + height - FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1, timeRemainingBuffer);
+    }
+
    display->drawCircle(compassX, compassY, compassDiam / 2);
    graphics::CompassRenderer::drawCompassNorth(display, compassX, compassY, screen->getHeading() * PI / 180, (compassDiam / 2));
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #ifndef _MOTION_SENSOR_H_
 #define _MOTION_SENSOR_H_

-#define MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS 100
+#define MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS 50
 #define MOTION_SENSOR_CLICK_THRESHOLD 40

 #include "../configuration.h"
@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ class MotionSensor
    static void drawFrameCalibration(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
 #endif

+    bool saveMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY, float lowestY,
+                                     float highestZ, float lowestZ);
+    bool loadMagnetometerCalibration(const char *filePath, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY, float &lowestY,
+                                     float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    void beginCalibrationDisplay(bool &showingScreen);
+    void finishCalibrationIfExpired(bool &showingScreen, const char *filePath, float highestX, float lowestX, float highestY,
+                                    float lowestY, float highestZ, float lowestZ);
+    void startCalibrationWindow(uint16_t forSeconds);
+    static void seedCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                       float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    static void updateCalibrationExtrema(float x, float y, float z, float &highestX, float &lowestX, float &highestY,
+                                         float &lowestY, float &highestZ, float &lowestZ);
+    static float applyCompassOrientation(float heading);
+
    ScanI2C::FoundDevice device;

    // Do calibration if true
@@ -63,4 +77,4 @@ class MotionSensor

 #endif

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ bool connectPubSub(const PubSubConfig &config, PubSubClient &pubSub, Client &cli
    pubSub.setClient(client);
    pubSub.setServer(config.serverAddr.c_str(), config.serverPort);

-    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: %s", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
-             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername, config.mqttPassword);
+    LOG_INFO("Connecting directly to MQTT server %s, port: %d, username: %s, password: ***", config.serverAddr.c_str(),
+             config.serverPort, config.mqttUsername);

    // Generate node ID from nodenum for client identification
    std::string nodeId = nodeDB->getNodeId();
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class BluetoothPhoneAPI : public PhoneAPI, public concurrency::OSThread
    /**
     * Subclasses can use this as a hook to provide custom notifications for their transport (i.e. bluetooth notifies)
     */
-    virtual void onNowHasData(uint32_t fromRadioNum)
+    virtual void onNowHasData(uint32_t fromRadioNum) override
    {
        PhoneAPI::onNowHasData(fromRadioNum);

@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class BluetoothPhoneAPI : public PhoneAPI, public concurrency::OSThread
    }

    /// Check the current underlying physical link to see if the client is currently connected
-    virtual bool checkIsConnected() { return bleServer && bleServer->getConnectedCount() > 0; }
+    virtual bool checkIsConnected() override { return bleServer && bleServer->getConnectedCount() > 0; }

    void requestHighThroughputConnection(uint16_t conn_handle)
    {
@@ -412,9 +412,9 @@ static uint8_t lastToRadio[MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE];
 class NimbleBluetoothToRadioCallback : public NimBLECharacteristicCallbacks
 {
 #ifdef NIMBLE_TWO
-    virtual void onWrite(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo)
+    virtual void onWrite(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo) override
 #else
-    virtual void onWrite(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic)
+    virtual void onWrite(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) override

 #endif
    {
@@ -464,9 +464,9 @@ class NimbleBluetoothToRadioCallback : public NimBLECharacteristicCallbacks
 class NimbleBluetoothFromRadioCallback : public NimBLECharacteristicCallbacks
 {
 #ifdef NIMBLE_TWO
-    virtual void onRead(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo)
+    virtual void onRead(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo) override
 #else
-    virtual void onRead(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic)
+    virtual void onRead(NimBLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) override
 #endif
    {
        // CAUTION: This callback runs in the NimBLE task!!! Don't do anything except communicate with the main task's runOnce.
@@ -582,9 +582,9 @@ class NimbleBluetoothServerCallback : public NimBLEServerCallbacks
  private:
    NimbleBluetooth *ble;

-    virtual uint32_t onPassKeyDisplay()
+    virtual uint32_t onPassKeyDisplay() override
 #else
-    virtual uint32_t onPassKeyRequest()
+    virtual uint32_t onPassKeyRequest() override
 #endif
    {
        uint32_t passkey = config.bluetooth.fixed_pin;
@@ -635,9 +635,9 @@ class NimbleBluetoothServerCallback : public NimBLEServerCallbacks
    }

 #ifdef NIMBLE_TWO
-    virtual void onAuthenticationComplete(NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo)
+    virtual void onAuthenticationComplete(NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo) override
 #else
-    virtual void onAuthenticationComplete(ble_gap_conn_desc *desc)
+    virtual void onAuthenticationComplete(ble_gap_conn_desc *desc) override
 #endif
    {
        LOG_INFO("BLE authentication complete");
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ class NimbleBluetoothServerCallback : public NimBLEServerCallbacks
    }

 #ifdef NIMBLE_TWO
-    virtual void onConnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo)
+    virtual void onConnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo) override
    {
        LOG_INFO("BLE incoming connection %s", connInfo.getAddress().toString().c_str());

@@ -683,11 +683,11 @@ class NimbleBluetoothServerCallback : public NimBLEServerCallbacks
 #endif

 #ifdef NIMBLE_TWO
-    virtual void onDisconnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo, int reason)
+    virtual void onDisconnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, NimBLEConnInfo &connInfo, int reason) override
    {
        LOG_INFO("BLE disconnect reason: %d", reason);
 #else
-    virtual void onDisconnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, ble_gap_conn_desc *desc)
+    virtual void onDisconnect(NimBLEServer *pServer, ble_gap_conn_desc *desc) override
    {
        LOG_INFO("BLE disconnect");
 #endif
@@ -989,11 +989,4 @@ void NimbleBluetooth::sendLog(const uint8_t *logMessage, size_t length)
 #endif
 }

-void clearNVS()
-{
-    NimBLEDevice::deleteAllBonds();
-#ifdef ARCH_ESP32
-    ESP.restart();
-#endif
-}
 #endif
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More